EP0911845B1 - Density sensor to monitor the leak rate in the casing of an electrical apparatus with an improved reliability - Google Patents

Density sensor to monitor the leak rate in the casing of an electrical apparatus with an improved reliability Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0911845B1
EP0911845B1 EP98402638A EP98402638A EP0911845B1 EP 0911845 B1 EP0911845 B1 EP 0911845B1 EP 98402638 A EP98402638 A EP 98402638A EP 98402638 A EP98402638 A EP 98402638A EP 0911845 B1 EP0911845 B1 EP 0911845B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
density
density sensor
temperature
sensor
envelope
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EP98402638A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0911845A1 (en
Inventor
Jean Marmonier
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Grid Solutions SAS
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Areva T&D SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/53—Cases; Reservoirs, tanks, piping or valves, for arc-extinguishing fluid; Accessories therefor, e.g. safety arrangements, pressure relief devices
    • H01H33/56—Gas reservoirs
    • H01H33/563—Gas reservoirs comprising means for monitoring the density of the insulating gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a density sensor for monitoring a leakage rate from an enclosure of electrical equipment filled with a dielectric gas under pressure, comprising a mounting foot mounted from the outside in the thickness of the envelope and communicating with dielectric gas.
  • An example of application of such a sensor is constituted by a generator or network circuit breaker mounted in an enclosure shielded, or a post in a metal envelope, the envelope containing sulfur hexafluoride SF6 under a pressure of a few bars.
  • the density sensor is fixed to the envelope by outside and allows monitoring of the dielectric gas leak rate outside the envelope by comparison of density readings carried out throughout the operating life of the circuit breaker. of the even minimal leaks are inevitable, density tends after several years of operation, towards a threshold value below which the operation of the circuit breaker or switchgear is not safer. It is then necessary to inject gas dielectric to raise the density value to a value nominal, for example equal to 3.5 bars. Crossing the threshold usually triggers an alarm to cause a intervention on the circuit breaker to inject gas dielectric.
  • DE-A-4 218 926 describes such a density sensor.
  • the density sensor includes a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor arranged inside the mounting foot for communicate with the dielectric gas, and a measuring head for calculate the density of the gas for any pair of pressure values P and temperature T acquired at the same time.
  • Plot 21 in Figure 1 reports an experiment conducted at using a sensor of the type which has just been described.
  • the envelope armored vehicle is installed on an outdoor operating site, which corresponds to an important part of the operating sites of such electrical equipment.
  • the envelope extends in one direction longitudinal which in the experience is oriented in a direction East to West of the operating site.
  • the density sensor is attached to one end of the envelope so that it is not exposed to solar radiation only in the afternoons.
  • Plot 21 of density calculated for each reading of pressure and temperature values acquired at the same time shows two distinct behaviors of the sensor.
  • a first behavior is characterized by an evolution plate 21A of the density around the nominal value equal to 3.5 bars and corresponds to readings of pressure and temperature couples performed during the day and in the absence of significant solar radiation.
  • a second behavior which corresponds to readings taken from day and in the presence of notable solar radiation, is characterized by a daily variation 21B of the density during which the density is first higher than the nominal value then lower, the transition point between positive and negative variations corresponding substantially to the zenith of the sun.
  • the real density of SF 6 in the envelope remains constant and equal to its nominal value, as evidenced by the flat evolution reproduced for each day of readings carried out in the absence of significant solar radiation.
  • the daily variation in density in the presence of significant sunshine actually represents a measurement artifact. Such an artifact does not prevent the envelope leakage rate from being monitored, since it is easy to retain only the readings taken in the absence of notable solar radiation for the calculation of the density.
  • a problem arises when the amplitude of the daily variation of the calculated value of the density during notable days of sunshine is below the density threshold, referenced 20 in FIG. 1. This is notably the case when the density of the gas contained in the envelope has approached the threshold after several years of operation, due to the inevitable minimal leaks. Crossing the threshold then triggers an alarm generated by a negative variation in the density calculated by the density sensor during significant days of sunshine, which is considered untimely insofar as the density threshold will not actually be reached before several weeks, or several months.
  • the object of the invention is a density sensor to monitor a leakage rate from an enclosure of electrical equipment that has improved reliability with respect to crossing a threshold of density.
  • the idea behind the invention is to seek to transform the density sensor measurement artifact in variations of density at values always equal to or greater than the nominal value, to prevent any risk of inadvertent crossing of the threshold density.
  • the invention relates to a density sensor for monitor a leakage rate from an electrical enclosure filled with a dielectric gas under pressure, comprising a foot fixing mounted from the outside in the thickness of the envelope and communicating with the dielectric gas, characterized in that a radiator is placed around the fixing foot of the density sensor.
  • the radiator changes the thermal balance temperature sensor and dielectric gas so that it transforms negative then positive variations in density calculated during notable days of sunshine, in variations only positive. As a result, any risk of inadvertent crossing of a density threshold due to an artifact of measurement generated by readings made in the presence of a notable sunshine is eliminated.
  • the invention relates to a density sensor for monitoring a leakage rate of an enclosure of electrical equipment filled with a dielectric gas under pressure, which comprises a fixing foot mounted from the outside in the thickness of the enclosure. and communicating with the dielectric gas.
  • a density sensor 5 and a casing 3 of electrical equipment are shown in FIG. 2.
  • the electrical equipment is for example a network circuit breaker or a generator circuit breaker, or a station in a metal casing, and is arranged in the envelope 3 into which the dielectric gas 7, for example SF 6 , is injected under a pressure of approximately 3.5 bars.
  • the casing 3 has a central body 3C of cylindrical shape and is closed by two opposite covers 3A and 3B screwed to the central body 3C.
  • a cylindrical fixing foot 5B surmounted by a measuring head 5A and terminated at the other end by a threaded tube 5C to be screwed into a conduit 9 formed in the thickness of the casing 3 and to communicate with the dielectric gas.
  • the density sensor is mounted on the outside on the enclosure and tightened by means of a 5D bolt.
  • a pressure detector and a temperature detector are housed in the fixing foot 5A and open out of the threaded tube 5C by a protective tube 5E and communicate with the dielectric gas 7 contained in the duct 9 of the casing 3.
  • the two pressure and temperature detectors are connected to the measurement head 5A of the density sensor to which they deliver a signal representative respectively of the detected pressure P and of the detected temperature T.
  • An electronic circuit integrated in the measurement head 5A makes it possible to determining a density value, for each pair of pressure and temperature values detected simultaneously, using an equation of state for the dielectric gas.
  • Each value of the density is transmitted to a monitoring unit, which compares it to a low threshold value and to a high threshold value, and which triggers an alarm in the event that one of the thresholds is crossed by a value of density.
  • a radiator is arranged around the foot of fixing the density sensor.
  • a radiator 11 which is composed of two parts 11A and 11B having each four identical 11C fins to increase the surface heat exchange between the radiator and the surrounding air. Both parts 11A and 11B have a hollow half-cylinder 11D for be mounted flat around the fixing foot 5B cylindrical to using two cap screws 13 and 15 passing through the two parts 11A and 11B through holes 13A, 13B, and 15A, 15B.
  • the radiator 11 is mounted around the fixing foot 5B while being in contact with the 5D clamping screw to influence heat exchanges occurring between the temperature detector and the dielectric gas contained in the conduit 9.
  • Figure 1 shows a plot 23 of density values calculated by the density sensor according to the invention, from each pair of pressure values and simultaneously detected. We also show the plot 21 described previously.
  • 23A we see in 23A that the radiator does not change the behavior of the density sensor for readings of values carried out in the absence of solar radiation notable. This first result therefore allows the density sensor according to the invention of being used to monitor an envelope leakage rate retaining only the daytime readings and in the absence of notable solar radiation.
  • the second behavior of the density sensor is modified for readings taken in the presence of significant sunshine, in the sense where the density values provided by the sensor according to the invention are always equal to or greater than the actual density value, with a 23B variation increasing in the morning and a variation decreasing in the afternoon.
  • the density sensor calculates, by compensating the pressure measured by the measured temperature, a density value smaller than the actual density. Similarly, if the measured temperature is lower than the actual gas temperature dielectric, the density sensor calculates by compensation in temperature, a higher density value than the actual density.
  • the envelope and the foot have only a negligible influence on the thermal balance dielectric gas and temperature sensor, so that the measured temperature is close enough to the temperature actual dielectric gas for the density sensor to calculate a density value substantially faithful to the actual value.
  • the radiator arranged around of the fixing foot and near the envelope does not have any effect thermal alone. This is what is observed on the plots 21A and 23A for readings taken during the day and in the absence notable sunshine.
  • the mounting foot and casing disturb the thermal balance between the temperature detector and dielectric gas in a way different depending on the day period considered.
  • the density sensor provides a density value that is less than the value of the actual density, as observed on plot 21B.
  • the temperature rise of the mounting foot and of the detector is slowed down by the evacuation into ambient air, heat supplied by the envelope itself exposed to radiation solar. Heating of the mounting base and the detector is slowed down by the radiator so that the temperature of the latter does not become not higher than the actual temperature of the dielectric gas during the afternoon.
  • the density provided under these conditions remains equal to higher than the actual density, as observed on line 23B.
  • the density sensor is provided with a protective cover at the solar radiation.
  • a cover 17 constituted by example of a reflective metallic material is fixed on the part 11A of radiator 11, via screws 13 and 15, to reflect solar radiation hitting the collector and part of the solar radiation hitting the envelope near duct 9 in which he climbed.
  • the screws 13 and 15 are preferably made of a material which is not very heat conductive, for example Nylon, to thermally insulate the radiator cover.
  • the cover reinforces the effect of radiator, insofar as the density values calculated from of readings taken in the presence of significant sunshine are greater than those that the density sensor provides in the absence of the cover. Therefore, it is planned to optimize the number of fins of the radiator to obtain a behavior of the density sensor in presence of the cover, substantially equivalent to a behavior in the absence of the cover.

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  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)

Abstract

The heat radiator and upper temperature shield reduce the effects of solar heating so that more accurate pressure density measurements can be taken.

Description

L'invention concerne un capteur de densité pour surveiller un taux de fuite d'une enveloppe d'appareillage électrique remplie d'un gaz diélectrique sous pression, comprenant un pied de fixation monté par l'extérieur dans l'épaisseur de l'enveloppe et communiquant avec le gaz diélectrique.The invention relates to a density sensor for monitoring a leakage rate from an enclosure of electrical equipment filled with a dielectric gas under pressure, comprising a mounting foot mounted from the outside in the thickness of the envelope and communicating with dielectric gas.

Un exemple d'application d'un tel capteur est constitué par un disjoncteur de générateur ou de réseau monté dans une enveloppe blindée, ou un poste sous enveloppe métallique, l'enveloppe contenant de l'hexafluorure de soufre SF6 sous une pression de quelques bars. Le capteur de densité est fixé sur l'enveloppe par l'extérieur et permet de surveiller le taux de fuite du gaz diélectrique hors de l'enveloppe par comparaison de relevés de la densité effectués tout au long de la durée d'exploitation du disjoncteur. Des fuites mêmes minimes étant inévitables, la densité tend, après plusieurs années d'exploitation, vers une valeur de seuil en deçà de laquelle le fonctionnement du disjoncteur ou de l'appareillage n'est plus sûr. Il est alors nécessaire de procéder à une injection de gaz diélectrique pour remonter la valeur de la densité à une valeur nominale, par exemple égale à 3,5 bars. Le franchissement du seuil déclenche en général une alarme en vue de provoquer une intervention sur le disjoncteur pour procéder à l'injection du gaz diélectrique. Le document DE-A-4 218 926 décrit un tel capteur de densité.An example of application of such a sensor is constituted by a generator or network circuit breaker mounted in an enclosure shielded, or a post in a metal envelope, the envelope containing sulfur hexafluoride SF6 under a pressure of a few bars. The density sensor is fixed to the envelope by outside and allows monitoring of the dielectric gas leak rate outside the envelope by comparison of density readings carried out throughout the operating life of the circuit breaker. of the even minimal leaks are inevitable, density tends after several years of operation, towards a threshold value below which the operation of the circuit breaker or switchgear is not safer. It is then necessary to inject gas dielectric to raise the density value to a value nominal, for example equal to 3.5 bars. Crossing the threshold usually triggers an alarm to cause a intervention on the circuit breaker to inject gas dielectric. DE-A-4 218 926 describes such a density sensor.

Le capteur de densité comprend un détecteur de pression et un détecteur de température disposés à l'intérieur du pied de fixation pour communiquer avec le gaz diélectrique, et une tête de mesure pour calculer la densité du gaz pour tout couple de valeurs de pression P et de température T acquises au même instant.The density sensor includes a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor arranged inside the mounting foot for communicate with the dielectric gas, and a measuring head for calculate the density of the gas for any pair of pressure values P and temperature T acquired at the same time.

Le tracé 21 de la figure 1 rapporte une expérience conduite à l'aide d'un capteur du type de celui qui vient d'être décrit. L'enveloppe blindée est installée sur un site d'exploitation en plein air, ce qui correspond à partie importante des sites d'exploitation de tels appareillages électriques. L'enveloppe s'étend dans une direction longitudinale qui dans l'expérience est orientée selon une direction d'Est en Ouest du site d'exploitation. Le capteur de densité est fixé sur une extrémité de l'enveloppe de telle sorte qu'il n'est exposé au rayonnement solaire que les après-midi. Le tracé 21 de la densité calculée pour chaque relevé de valeurs de pression et de température acquises à un même instant montre deux comportements distincts du capteur. Un premier comportement est caractérisé par une évolution plate 21A de la densité autour de la valeur nominale égale à 3,5 bars et correspond à des relevés de couples de pression et de température effectués de jour et en l'absence d'un rayonnement solaire notable. Un deuxième comportement, qui correspond à des relevés effectués de jour et en présence d'un rayonnement solaire notable, est caractérisé par une variation 21B journalière de la densité au cours de laquelle la densité est d'abord supérieure à la valeur nominale puis inférieure, le point de transition entre les variations positives et négatives correspondant sensiblement au zénith du soleil.Plot 21 in Figure 1 reports an experiment conducted at using a sensor of the type which has just been described. The envelope armored vehicle is installed on an outdoor operating site, which corresponds to an important part of the operating sites of such electrical equipment. The envelope extends in one direction longitudinal which in the experience is oriented in a direction East to West of the operating site. The density sensor is attached to one end of the envelope so that it is not exposed to solar radiation only in the afternoons. Plot 21 of density calculated for each reading of pressure and temperature values acquired at the same time shows two distinct behaviors of the sensor. A first behavior is characterized by an evolution plate 21A of the density around the nominal value equal to 3.5 bars and corresponds to readings of pressure and temperature couples performed during the day and in the absence of significant solar radiation. A second behavior, which corresponds to readings taken from day and in the presence of notable solar radiation, is characterized by a daily variation 21B of the density during which the density is first higher than the nominal value then lower, the transition point between positive and negative variations corresponding substantially to the zenith of the sun.

La densité réelle du SF6 dans l'enveloppe reste constante et égale à sa valeur nominale, comme en témoigne l'évolution plate reproduite pour chaque jour de relevés effectués en l'absence de rayonnement solaire notable. La variation journalière de la densité en présence d'un ensoleillement notable représente en réalité un artefact de mesure. Un tel artefact n'empêche pas de surveiller le taux de fuite de l'enveloppe, dans la mesure où il est aisé de ne retenir que les relevés effectués en l'absence de rayonnement solaire notable pour le calcul de la densité. Cependant un problème se présente lorsque l'amplitude de la variation journalière de la valeur calculée de la densité lors de jours d'ensoleillement notable est en dessous du seuil de densité, référencé 20 sur la figure 1. C'est notamment le cas lorsque la densité du gaz contenu dans l'enveloppe s'est rapprochée du seuil après plusieurs années d'exploitation, du fait des fuites minimes inévitables. Le franchissement du seuil enclenche alors une alarme engendrée par une variation négative de la densité calculée par le capteur de densité lors de jours d'ensoleillement notable, qui est considérée comme intempestive dans la mesure où le seuil de densité ne sera pas réellement atteint avant plusieurs semaines, ou plusieurs mois.The real density of SF 6 in the envelope remains constant and equal to its nominal value, as evidenced by the flat evolution reproduced for each day of readings carried out in the absence of significant solar radiation. The daily variation in density in the presence of significant sunshine actually represents a measurement artifact. Such an artifact does not prevent the envelope leakage rate from being monitored, since it is easy to retain only the readings taken in the absence of notable solar radiation for the calculation of the density. However, a problem arises when the amplitude of the daily variation of the calculated value of the density during notable days of sunshine is below the density threshold, referenced 20 in FIG. 1. This is notably the case when the density of the gas contained in the envelope has approached the threshold after several years of operation, due to the inevitable minimal leaks. Crossing the threshold then triggers an alarm generated by a negative variation in the density calculated by the density sensor during significant days of sunshine, which is considered untimely insofar as the density threshold will not actually be reached before several weeks, or several months.

Le but de l'invention est un capteur de densité pour surveiller un taux de fuite d'une enveloppe d'un appareillage électrique qui présente une fiabilité améliorée vis-à-vis du franchissement d'un seuil de densité.The object of the invention is a density sensor to monitor a leakage rate from an enclosure of electrical equipment that has improved reliability with respect to crossing a threshold of density.

L'idée à la base de l'invention est chercher à transformer l'artefact de mesure du capteur de densité en des variations de densité à valeurs toujours égales ou supérieures à la valeur nominale, pour prévenir tout risque de franchissement intempestif du seuil de densité.The idea behind the invention is to seek to transform the density sensor measurement artifact in variations of density at values always equal to or greater than the nominal value, to prevent any risk of inadvertent crossing of the threshold density.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un capteur de densité pour surveiller un taux de fuite d'une enveloppe d'appareillage électrique remplie d'un gaz diélectrique sous pression, comprenant un pied de fixation monté par l'extérieur dans l'épaisseur de l'enveloppe et communiquant avec le gaz diélectrique, caractérisé en ce qu'un radiateur est disposé autour du pied de fixation du capteur de densité.To this end, the invention relates to a density sensor for monitor a leakage rate from an electrical enclosure filled with a dielectric gas under pressure, comprising a foot fixing mounted from the outside in the thickness of the envelope and communicating with the dielectric gas, characterized in that a radiator is placed around the fixing foot of the density sensor.

En assurant un échange thermique entre le pied de fixation du capteur de densité et le milieu ambiant de l'enveloppe, qui est en général l'air atmosphérique, le radiateur modifie l'équilibre thermique du détecteur de température et du gaz diélectrique de telle sorte qu'il transforme les variations négatives puis positives de la densité calculée lors de journées d'ensoleillement notable, en variations uniquement positives. D'où il résulte que tout risque de franchissement intempestif d'un seuil de densité dû à un artefact de mesure engendré par des relevés effectués en présence d'un ensoleillement notable est éliminé. By ensuring a heat exchange between the fixing foot of the density sensor and the ambient environment of the envelope, which is in general atmospheric air, the radiator changes the thermal balance temperature sensor and dielectric gas so that it transforms negative then positive variations in density calculated during notable days of sunshine, in variations only positive. As a result, any risk of inadvertent crossing of a density threshold due to an artifact of measurement generated by readings made in the presence of a notable sunshine is eliminated.

Il faut noter que les variations uniquement positives de la densité calculée par le capteur selon l'invention lors de relevés effectués en présence d'un ensoleillement notable restent limitées en amplitude vis à vis d'une fuite qui sera détectée par le capteur de densité avec un retard négligeable. De même, l'amplitude des variations positives n'a pas de conséquence préjudiciable sur le franchissement d'un seuil haut de densité de l'enveloppe.Note that only positive variations in density calculated by the sensor according to the invention during readings made in presence of significant sunshine remain limited in amplitude vis with regard to a leak which will be detected by the density sensor with a negligible delay. Likewise, the amplitude of the positive variations has no harmful effect on crossing a threshold high density of the envelope.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront à la lecture de la description illustrée par les dessins.

  • La figure 1 montre deux tracés de relevés de densité effectués pour l'un à l'aide d'un capteur de densité sans radiateur, et pour l'autre, à l'aide d'un capteur selon l'invention.
  • La figure 2 est une vue schématique d'une enveloppe d'un appareillage électrique sur laquelle est fixée un capteur de densité selon l'invention.
  • La figure 3 est une vue agrandie d'un capteur de densité selon l'invention.
    • Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description illustrated by the drawings.
  • FIG. 1 shows two plots of density readings made for one using a density sensor without a radiator, and for the other, using a sensor according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an envelope of an electrical apparatus on which a density sensor according to the invention is fixed.
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view of a density sensor according to the invention.

    • L'invention concerne un capteur de densité pour surveiller un taux de fuite d'une enveloppe d'appareillage électrique remplie d'un gaz diélectrique sous pression, qui comprend un pied de fixation monté par l'extérieur dans l'épaisseur de l'enveloppe et communiquant avec le gaz diélectrique. Un capteur de densité 5 et une enveloppe 3 d'appareillage électrique sont représentés sur la figure 2. L'appareillage électrique est par exemple un disjoncteur de réseau ou un disjoncteur de générateur, ou un poste sous enveloppe métallique, et est disposé dans l'enveloppe 3 dans laquelle le gaz diélectrique 7, par exemple le SF6, est injecté sous une pression d'environ 3,5 bars. L'enveloppe 3 a un corps central 3C de forme cylindrique et est fermée par deux couvercles opposés 3A et 3B vissés au corps central 3C. Le capteur de densité 5, également visible sur la figure 3, est d'un type connu et comprend schématiquement un pied de fixation 5B cylindrique surmonté d'une tête de mesure 5A et terminé à l'autre extrémité par un tube fileté 5C pour être vissé dans un conduit 9 formé dans l'épaisseur de l'enveloppe 3 et pour communiquer avec le gaz diélectrique. Le capteur de densité est monté par l'extérieur sur l'enveloppe et serré au moyen d'un boulon 5D. Un détecteur de pression et un détecteur de température sont logés dans le pied de fixation 5A et débouchent hors du tube fileté 5C par un tube de protection 5E et communiquent avec le gaz diélectrique 7 contenu dans le conduit 9 de l'enveloppe 3. Les deux détecteurs de pression et de température sont reliés à la tête de mesure 5A du capteur de densité vers laquelle ils délivrent un signal représentatif respectivement de la pression détectée P et de la température détectée T. Un circuit électronique intégré dans la tête de mesure 5A permet de déterminer une valeur de densité, pour chaque couple de valeurs de pression et de température détectés simultanément, à l'aide d'une équation d'état du gaz diélectrique. Chaque valeur de la densité est transmise à une unité de surveillance, qui la compare à une valeur de seuil bas et à une valeur de seuil haut, et qui déclenche une alarme dans le cas où l'une des seuils est franchi par une valeur de densité.The invention relates to a density sensor for monitoring a leakage rate of an enclosure of electrical equipment filled with a dielectric gas under pressure, which comprises a fixing foot mounted from the outside in the thickness of the enclosure. and communicating with the dielectric gas. A density sensor 5 and a casing 3 of electrical equipment are shown in FIG. 2. The electrical equipment is for example a network circuit breaker or a generator circuit breaker, or a station in a metal casing, and is arranged in the envelope 3 into which the dielectric gas 7, for example SF 6 , is injected under a pressure of approximately 3.5 bars. The casing 3 has a central body 3C of cylindrical shape and is closed by two opposite covers 3A and 3B screwed to the central body 3C. The density sensor 5, also visible in FIG. 3, is of a known type and schematically comprises a cylindrical fixing foot 5B surmounted by a measuring head 5A and terminated at the other end by a threaded tube 5C to be screwed into a conduit 9 formed in the thickness of the casing 3 and to communicate with the dielectric gas. The density sensor is mounted on the outside on the enclosure and tightened by means of a 5D bolt. A pressure detector and a temperature detector are housed in the fixing foot 5A and open out of the threaded tube 5C by a protective tube 5E and communicate with the dielectric gas 7 contained in the duct 9 of the casing 3. The two pressure and temperature detectors are connected to the measurement head 5A of the density sensor to which they deliver a signal representative respectively of the detected pressure P and of the detected temperature T. An electronic circuit integrated in the measurement head 5A makes it possible to determining a density value, for each pair of pressure and temperature values detected simultaneously, using an equation of state for the dielectric gas. Each value of the density is transmitted to a monitoring unit, which compares it to a low threshold value and to a high threshold value, and which triggers an alarm in the event that one of the thresholds is crossed by a value of density.

    Selon l'invention, un radiateur est disposé autour du pied de fixation du capteur de densité. Sur les figures 2 et 3, on a représenté un radiateur 11 qui est composé de deux parties 11A et 11B ayant chacune quatre ailettes identiques 11C pour augmenter la surface d'échange thermique entre le radiateur et l'air environnant. Les deux parties 11A et 11B présentent en creux un demi-cylindre 11D pour être montées plaquées autour du pied de fixation 5B cylindrique à l'aide de deux vis d'assemblage 13 et 15 traversant les deux parties 11A et 11B par des trous 13A, 13B, et 15A, 15B. Sur la figure 2, on montre que le radiateur 11 est monté autour du pied de fixation 5B tout en étant au contact de la vis de serrage 5D pour influencer des échanges thermiques se produisant entre le détecteur de température et le gaz diélectrique contenu dans le conduit 9. La figure 1 montre un tracé 23 de valeurs de densité calculées par le capteur de densité selon l'invention, à partir de chaque couple de valeurs de pression et de température détectées simultanément. On montre également le tracé 21 décrit précédemment. D'une part, on constate en 23A que le radiateur ne modifie pas le comportement du capteur de densité pour des relevés de valeurs effectué en l'absence d'un rayonnement solaire notable. Ce premier résultat permet donc au capteur de densité selon l'invention d'être utilisé pour surveiller un taux de fuite de l'enveloppe en ne retenant que les relevés effectués de jour et en l'absence de rayonnement solaire notable. D'autre part, on constate que le deuxième comportement du capteur de densité est modifié pour des relevés effectués en présence d'un ensoleillement notable, dans le sens où les valeurs de densité fournies par le capteur selon l'invention sont toujours égales ou supérieures à la valeur réelle de la densité, avec une variation 23B croissante le matin et une variation décroissante l'après-midi.According to the invention, a radiator is arranged around the foot of fixing the density sensor. In Figures 2 and 3, there is shown a radiator 11 which is composed of two parts 11A and 11B having each four identical 11C fins to increase the surface heat exchange between the radiator and the surrounding air. Both parts 11A and 11B have a hollow half-cylinder 11D for be mounted flat around the fixing foot 5B cylindrical to using two cap screws 13 and 15 passing through the two parts 11A and 11B through holes 13A, 13B, and 15A, 15B. In Figure 2, we shows that the radiator 11 is mounted around the fixing foot 5B while being in contact with the 5D clamping screw to influence heat exchanges occurring between the temperature detector and the dielectric gas contained in the conduit 9. Figure 1 shows a plot 23 of density values calculated by the density sensor according to the invention, from each pair of pressure values and simultaneously detected. We also show the plot 21 described previously. On the one hand, we see in 23A that the radiator does not change the behavior of the density sensor for readings of values carried out in the absence of solar radiation notable. This first result therefore allows the density sensor according to the invention of being used to monitor an envelope leakage rate retaining only the daytime readings and in the absence of notable solar radiation. On the other hand, we note that the second behavior of the density sensor is modified for readings taken in the presence of significant sunshine, in the sense where the density values provided by the sensor according to the invention are always equal to or greater than the actual density value, with a 23B variation increasing in the morning and a variation decreasing in the afternoon.

    Une explication parmi d'autres est proposée pour expliquer le comportement du capteur de densité selon l'invention. On sait que la mesure de la température simultanément à celle de la pression permet, par une compensation en température, de s'affranchir de diminutions de pression qui ne résultent non pas d'une perte de masse ou d'une fuite du gaz diélectrique hors de l'enveloppe, mais seulement d'une contraction du gaz diélectrique sous l'effet d'une diminution de sa température. Toutefois, la compensation en température de la pression n'est valable qu'à la condition que la diminution de température soit assez grande devant l'écart de température qui existe inévitablement entre la température mesurée par le détecteur de température et la température réelle du gaz diélectrique dans lequel ce détecteur est plongé et au voisinage duquel le détecteur de pression mesure la pression. Si la température mesurée par le détecteur de température est supérieure à la température réelle du gaz diélectrique, le capteur de densité calcule, en compensant la pression mesurée par la température mesurée, une valeur de densité plus petite que la densité réelle. De même, si la température mesurée est plus faible que la température réelle du gaz diélectrique, le capteur de densité calcule par la compensation en température, une valeur de densité plus forte que la densité réelle. Dans l'expérience rapportée par la figure 1, le détecteur de température échange de la chaleur avec le gaz diélectrique et avec le pied de fixation du capteur, qui lui même est monté dans l'épaisseur de l'enveloppe. De cette façon, un équilibre thermique entre le détecteur et le gaz diélectrique est influencé par le pied de fixation et par l'enveloppe. En l'absence d'ensoleillement, l'enveloppe et le pied de fixation n'ont qu'une influence négligeable sur l'équilibre thermique du gaz diélectrique et du détecteur de température, si bien que la température mesurée est suffisamment proche de la température réelle du gaz diélectrique pour que le capteur de densité calcule une valeur de densité sensiblement fidèle à la valeur réelle. On s'attend logiquement à ce que, dans ces conditions, le radiateur disposé autour du pied de fixation et à proximité de l'enveloppe n'apporte pas d'effet thermique à lui seul. C'est bien ce qui est observé sur les tracés 21A et 23A pour des relevés effectués de jour et en l'absence d'ensoleillement notable. En présence d'un ensoleillement notable, le pied de fixation et l'enveloppe perturbent l'équilibre thermique entre le détecteur de température et le gaz diélectrique d'une manière différente selon la période de journée considérée. Les matins, le capteur de densité est plongé dans l'ombre, si bien que le pied de fixation, et par suite le détecteur de température avec lequel il est en contact, s'échauffent moins vite que le gaz diélectrique qui absorbe la chaleur que lui cède l'enveloppe elle même exposée au rayonnement solaire. La vitesse d'échauffement du détecteur et du pied de fixation est encore diminuée par la présence du radiateur, qui évacue vers l'air ambiant la chaleur cédée par le gaz diélectrique. D'où il résulte que la température mesurée par le détecteur de température est inférieure à la température réelle du gaz diélectrique, conduisant le capteur de densité à fournir une valeur de densité plus grande que la valeur réelle, l'écart étant accentué par la présence du radiateur, comme en témoigne les variations positives des tracés 21 B et 23B de la figure 1. Les après-midi, le capteur qui était plongé dans l'ombre est progressivement exposé au rayonnement solaire. Sa température, ainsi que celle du détecteur de température avec lequel il est en contact, s'élève bientôt plus rapidement que celle du gaz diélectrique du fait de la différence des inerties thermiques entre le gaz diélectrique, le pied de fixation, et le détecteur. D'où il résulte que le capteur de densité fournit une valeur de densité qui est inférieure à la valeur de la densité réelle, comme observé sur le tracé 21B. En présence du radiateur, l'élévation de température du pied de fixation et du détecteur est ralentie par l'évacuation dans l'air ambiant, de la chaleur fournie par l'enveloppe elle même exposée au rayonnement solaire. Le réchauffement du pied de fixation et du détecteur est ralenti par le radiateur pour que la température de ce dernier ne devienne pas supérieure à la température réelle du gaz diélectrique au cours de l'après-midi. La densité fournie dans ces conditions reste égale au supérieure à la densité réelle, comme observé sur le tracé 23B.One explanation among others is offered to explain the behavior of the density sensor according to the invention. We know that the temperature measurement simultaneously with pressure allows, by temperature compensation, to get rid of pressure reductions which are not the result of loss of ground or leakage of the dielectric gas out of the casing but only from a contraction of the dielectric gas under the effect of a decrease in temperature. However, the compensation in pressure temperature is only valid on condition that the decrease in temperature be large enough in front of the temperature that inevitably exists between the measured temperature by the temperature sensor and the actual gas temperature dielectric in which this detector is immersed and in the vicinity the pressure sensor measures the pressure. If the temperature measured by the temperature detector is greater than the actual temperature of the dielectric gas, the density sensor calculates, by compensating the pressure measured by the measured temperature, a density value smaller than the actual density. Similarly, if the measured temperature is lower than the actual gas temperature dielectric, the density sensor calculates by compensation in temperature, a higher density value than the actual density. In the experiment reported in FIG. 1, the detector of temperature heat exchange with the dielectric gas and with the sensor mounting foot, which itself is mounted in the thickness of the envelope. In this way, a thermal equilibrium between the detector and the dielectric gas is influenced by the mounting foot and by the envelope. In the absence of sunshine, the envelope and the foot have only a negligible influence on the thermal balance dielectric gas and temperature sensor, so that the measured temperature is close enough to the temperature actual dielectric gas for the density sensor to calculate a density value substantially faithful to the actual value. We expect logically that, under these conditions, the radiator arranged around of the fixing foot and near the envelope does not have any effect thermal alone. This is what is observed on the plots 21A and 23A for readings taken during the day and in the absence notable sunshine. In the presence of significant sunshine, the mounting foot and casing disturb the thermal balance between the temperature detector and dielectric gas in a way different depending on the day period considered. In the mornings, on density sensor is placed in the shade, so that the foot of fixing, and consequently the temperature detector with which it is in contact, heat up more slowly than the dielectric gas which absorbs the heat given to it by the envelope itself exposed to radiation solar. The heating rate of the detector and the mounting foot is further reduced by the presence of the radiator, which evacuates to the air the heat given off by the dielectric gas. Hence it follows that the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is less than the actual temperature of the dielectric gas, driving the sensor density to provide a density value greater than the value real, the difference being accentuated by the presence of the radiator, as in shows the positive variations of plots 21 B and 23B in Figure 1. In the afternoons, the sensor which was in the shadow is gradually exposed to solar radiation. Its temperature, as well as that of the temperature detector with which it is in contact, rises soon faster than that of dielectric gas due to the difference in thermal inertia between the gas dielectric, the mounting foot, and the detector. Hence it follows that the density sensor provides a density value that is less than the value of the actual density, as observed on plot 21B. In presence of the radiator, the temperature rise of the mounting foot and of the detector is slowed down by the evacuation into ambient air, heat supplied by the envelope itself exposed to radiation solar. Heating of the mounting base and the detector is slowed down by the radiator so that the temperature of the latter does not become not higher than the actual temperature of the dielectric gas during the afternoon. The density provided under these conditions remains equal to higher than the actual density, as observed on line 23B.

    Selon un mode avantageux de réalisation de l'invention, le capteur de densité est pourvu d'un capot de protection au rayonnement solaire. Sur les figures 2 et 3, un capot 17 constitué par exemple d'un matériau métallique réfléchissant est fixé sur la partie 11A du radiateur 11, par l'intermédiaire des vis 13 et 15, pour réfléchir le rayonnement solaire qui frappe le capteur et une partie du rayonnement solaire qui frappe l'enveloppe à proximité du conduit 9 dans lequel il est monté. Les vis 13 et 15 sont de préférence constituées d'un matériau peu conducteur de la chaleur, par exemple le Nylon, pour isoler au plan thermique le capot du radiateur. Dans ce mode de réalisation, il est observé que le capot renforce l'effet du radiateur, dans la mesure où les valeurs de densité calculées à partir de relevés effectués en présence d'un ensoleillement notable sont supérieures à celles que le capteur de densité fournit en l'absence du capot. De ce fait, il est prévu d'optimiser le nombre d'ailettes du radiateur pour obtenir un comportement du capteur de densité en présence du capot, sensiblement équivalent à un comportement en l'absence du capot.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the density sensor is provided with a protective cover at the solar radiation. In FIGS. 2 and 3, a cover 17 constituted by example of a reflective metallic material is fixed on the part 11A of radiator 11, via screws 13 and 15, to reflect solar radiation hitting the collector and part of the solar radiation hitting the envelope near duct 9 in which he climbed. The screws 13 and 15 are preferably made of a material which is not very heat conductive, for example Nylon, to thermally insulate the radiator cover. In this embodiment, it is observed that the cover reinforces the effect of radiator, insofar as the density values calculated from of readings taken in the presence of significant sunshine are greater than those that the density sensor provides in the absence of the cover. Therefore, it is planned to optimize the number of fins of the radiator to obtain a behavior of the density sensor in presence of the cover, substantially equivalent to a behavior in the absence of the cover.

    Il faut enfin que l'orientation de l'enveloppe selon une direction d'Est en Ouest du site d'installation représente une exposition au rayonnement solaire qui est plus défavorable que toute autre orientation, si bien que les résultats de la figure 1 constituent une exemple d'application particulièrement intéressant mais non limitatif du capteur de densité selon l'invention.Finally, the orientation of the envelope in a direction from east to west of the installation site represents an exposure to solar radiation which is more unfavorable than any other orientation, so the results in Figure 1 are a particularly interesting but non-limiting example of application of density sensor according to the invention.

    Claims (3)

    1. A density sensor (5) for monitoring a rate of leakage from the case (3) of electrical switchgear filled with dielectric gas (7) under pressure, the sensor comprising a fixing support (5B) mounted from the outside in the thickness of the case and communicating with the dielectric gas, characterized in that a radiator (1) is disposed around the fixing support (5A) of the density sensor.
    2. The density sensor of claim 1, wherein a cap (17) is placed over the radiator.
    3. The density sensor of claim 2, wherein the cap is fixed to the radiator by screws (13, 15) made of a material that is a poor conductor of heat.
    EP98402638A 1997-10-23 1998-10-23 Density sensor to monitor the leak rate in the casing of an electrical apparatus with an improved reliability Expired - Lifetime EP0911845B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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    FR9713300 1997-10-23
    FR9713300A FR2770295B1 (en) 1997-10-23 1997-10-23 DENSITY SENSOR FOR MONITORING LEAKAGE RATE OF AN ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT HOUSING WITH IMPROVED RELIABILITY

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    EP0911845A1 EP0911845A1 (en) 1999-04-28
    EP0911845B1 true EP0911845B1 (en) 2004-08-18

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    CN1224155A (en) 1999-07-28
    EP0911845A1 (en) 1999-04-28
    FR2770295A1 (en) 1999-04-30
    ID21141A (en) 1999-04-29
    DE69825699T2 (en) 2005-08-18
    US6125692A (en) 2000-10-03
    CA2250338A1 (en) 1999-04-23
    ATE274233T1 (en) 2004-09-15
    FR2770295B1 (en) 1999-11-26

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