EP0892886B1 - Installation for pumping a two-phase liquid/gas effluent - Google Patents

Installation for pumping a two-phase liquid/gas effluent Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0892886B1
EP0892886B1 EP98904241A EP98904241A EP0892886B1 EP 0892886 B1 EP0892886 B1 EP 0892886B1 EP 98904241 A EP98904241 A EP 98904241A EP 98904241 A EP98904241 A EP 98904241A EP 0892886 B1 EP0892886 B1 EP 0892886B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
gas
casing
liquid
well
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EP98904241A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0892886A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Louis Beauquin
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Elf Exploration Production SAS
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Elf Exploration Production SAS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
    • E21B43/128—Adaptation of pump systems with down-hole electric drives

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an installation pumping a two-phase liquid / gas effluent and, more particularly to such an installation intended for pumping of hydrocarbons from an oil well.
  • the natural flow hydrocarbons from the bottom to the surface is insufficient to allow or maintain commercial production. This is due either to the viscosity and the weight of the effluents, or to too low a natural pressure at the bottom of the well, in look at the factors that oppose their elevation towards the area.
  • a system should be used artificial elevation of the effluent, or system well activation. For example, you can mount a pump at the lower end of a production tube located in the well, or an injection facility can be provided gas at the bottom of the well. The latter type of installation, plus commonly called "gas lift", used to lighten the column of hydrocarbons located in the well to facilitate its ascent to the surface.
  • a gas injection installation at the bottom of the well is generally reliable, but has the drawback of require, on an isolated site, a gas source under pressure, for example a compressor and its piping associated.
  • gases and liquids end up separating by gravity at the bottom of the well, which in some cases creates serious pump malfunctions during restart if the accumulated gas gets into the pump, or if, due to this transient regime, a large gas bubble may have formed inside the pump.
  • the document FR-A-2.723.143 describes an installation for wells tanker with a pump arranged at the end bottom of a first casing, a second casing being intended to receive, where appropriate, gas from the effluent and separated upstream of the pump, and to conduct it up to the surface regardless of the liquid phase
  • the pump in order to promote the separation of gas from the effluent at the bottom of the well, the pump is fitted with a shirt, which extends to a level below the layer of petroleum rock. So the entering effluent in the well is forced to descend before being aspirated by the pump, which has the effect of ensuring excellent separation of the gas intended to pass through the casing independent.
  • the subject of the present invention is therefore a pumping system for a two-phase liquid / gas effluent which is simple, robust and reliable, and which is not subject to the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • the present invention offers a pumping installation intended to be mounted in a well extending from the surface to a layer of petroleum rock, including casing at the end bottom of which is mounted a pump, a seal, mounted in the well around the casing and delimiting a chamber the lower end of the well, in which is disposed the pump, characterized in that the installation comprises, plus, a hydro-ejector in the casing comprising an area depression opening in the upper end of the bedroom.
  • a well tanker 10 extends between the surface (not shown) and a layer of petroleum rock 12.
  • the well is provided with perforations 14, opening in the oil-bearing rock, which allow the flow of the hydrocarbon effluent to the interior of the well 10.
  • the well 10 includes a casing 16 which makes it waterproof compared to the layers of rock crossed by the well.
  • a casing 18 extends between the surface and a point a few meters above the rock layer 12.
  • Casing 18 has at its lower end a pump 20 provided of inputs 22 for the effluent to be sent to the surface.
  • the pump 20 is centrifugal rotary and its engine is powered from the surface by a electric cable (not shown).
  • the pump 20 may advantageously include a special separator to baffle or dynamic centrifugal or vortex type in order to better guarantee separation upstream of the pump (not represented. Without such a separator, separation takes place usually by gravity in room 31 where find, at a relatively low speed taking into account the section of their passage, the raw effluents leaving the perforations.
  • the packer 28 defines an annular chamber 33 delimited by the internal wall of the casing 16 and the wall external of the casing 18 between the seal 28 and the surface.
  • the packer 28 prohibits effluents and in particular gas from enter room 33. They cannot cross the part superior to the well than by borrowing the casing 18.
  • the room 33 and all the accessories it contains such as the power cable of the pump 20 are therefore preserved mechanical and chemical attack and remains available for other functions such as for example reception a heat-insulating substance to insulate casing 18.
  • the casing 18 comprises a liquid-gas hydro-ejector 32, or venturi, intended to create a depression area inside 34 by venturi effect.
  • the liquid-gas hydro-ejector 32 comprises orifices 36 connecting the area of depression 34 and the gas pocket 30.
  • the pump 20 When switching on the installation of pumping described above, the pump 20 is set in motion, sucking liquid effluent through inlets 22 and the driving back, in the direction of arrow 38, towards the surface.
  • the passage of the effluent through the liquid-gas hydro-ejector 32 creates a depression in its interior due to its converging geometry, depression causing the suction through the orifices 36 of the gas from the gas pocket 30 in the direction of the arrows 40.
  • the gas In the interior of the hydro-ejector, the gas is then entrained by the liquid effluent from pump 20 to which it mixes and recombines, thus reducing the column of effluent contained in the casing 18, thus facilitating its ascent to the surface.
  • Figure 2a shows schematically the normal configuration of flows, corresponding to that described above with reference to Figure 1.
  • the modes of operation of the invention shown in Figures 2B and 2C have additional features allowing the installation to react better in transient or transient degraded situations, and make it more efficient and effective.
  • FIG. 2A shows schematically the characteristics of the installation of figure 1.
  • the mixture of the recombined liquid with the gas is sent to the surface by the casing 18 in the direction of the arrow 50.
  • FIG. 2B schematically represents the situation where, in an installation according to the invention, the pump 20 sucks effluent with a high proportion of gas or contains large gas bubbles in its impellers. Centrifugal pumps do not tolerate gas bubbles well not being adapted to repress such effluents. It is therefore wise to facilitate the evacuation of these bubbles towards pump output before continuing to send the effluent to the surface.
  • the invention proposes to relieve the repression of the pump 20 with, on the one hand, a non-return valve 52 in the tubing 18 between the pump 20 and the hydro-ejector 32 for prohibit the return of effluents to pump 20 and support the weight of hydrostatic column, and, on the other share, a lateral opening 54 located under this valve and allowing the lateral evacuation of the formed effluents essentially gas to the annular chamber 31.
  • This valve 52 and the lateral opening 54 are preferably systems that can be set up and removed from the well at cable by an operation commonly called “wire-line” in order to make their maintenance inexpensive.
  • wire-line an operation commonly called "wire-line” in order to make their maintenance inexpensive.
  • the lateral opening 54 must close as soon as a certain liquid effluent flow and higher pressure, will again reached when pump 20 is discharged.
  • operation of this lateral opening 54 may be either controlled from the surface using a command line electric or hydraulic depending on parameters available on the surface, or be automatically piloted locally with for example the discharge pressure of the pump 20, there is the pressure difference due to friction the effluent between the inlet and the outlet of the opening lateral 54.
  • This principle is used in gate valves security called "storm-choke”.
  • FIG. 2C schematically represents a installation intended to alleviate the problems which can occur when the level 24 of the liquid exceeds that of the hydro-ejector 32.
  • the hydro-ejector 32 is more or less capable of performing this selection naturally by "hydraulic blocking". This is the phenomenon that plays when in jet pumping liquid-liquid, the jet makes a "gas-lock", ie can no longer entrain liquid. This condition is obtained for a sufficient flow of liquid Student.
  • the second consists in using a float intended for close the lateral gas inlet of the hydro-ejector 32 when liquid from chamber 31 lifts it.
  • This float here again would be a system that could fish out the cable and which could for example be installed in a "Side-pocket", through which all the gas from the pocket 30 before entering the hydro-ejector 32.
  • the third, also cable recovery, would be the equivalent of the float but with a different technology, for example, clapper or other “storm choke” closing in the process
  • liquid-gas hydro-ejector 32 and the accessories corresponding to the functions shown in Figures 2B and 2C as well as the movable element of the pump are advantageously arranged to allow their ascent to the cable surface when maintenance is required.
  • the liquid-gas hydro-ejector can be mounted in the casing at a point above the joint, the area of depression communicating with the room by a conduit which crosses the joint.

Abstract

The invention concerns a pumping installation designed for being mounted in an oil well extending from the surface to a layer of oil-bearing rock, comprising a pipe column at the lower end of which is mounted a pump, a joint, mounted in the well around the pipe column and delimiting a chamber at the lower end of the well, in which is arranged a pump. The installation further comprises a hydro-ejector, in the pipe column, including a lower pressure zone opening into the upper end of the chamber.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à une installation de pompage d'un effluent biphasique liquide/gaz et, plus particulièrement à une telle installation destinée au pompage d'hydrocarbures provenant d'un puits pétrolier.The present invention relates to an installation pumping a two-phase liquid / gas effluent and, more particularly to such an installation intended for pumping of hydrocarbons from an oil well.

Dans certains puits pétroliers, l'écoulement naturel des hydrocarbures du fond à la surface s'avère insuffisant pour permettre ou maintenir une production commerciale. Ceci est dû soit à la viscosité et du poids des effluents, soit à une trop faible pression naturelle au fond du puits, en regard des facteurs qui s'opposent à leur élévation vers la surface. Afin de permettre la mise en production du puits à une échelle commerciale il convient d'utiliser un système d'élévation artificielle de l'effluent, ou système d'activation du puits. Par exemple, on peut monter une pompe à l'extrémité inférieure d'un tube de production situé dans le puits, ou on peut prévoir une installation d'injection de gaz au fond du puits. Ce dernier type d'installation, plus communément appelée "gas lift", sert à alléger la colonne d'hydrocarbures située dans le puits afin de faciliter sa remontée vers la surface.In some oil wells, the natural flow hydrocarbons from the bottom to the surface is insufficient to allow or maintain commercial production. This is due either to the viscosity and the weight of the effluents, or to too low a natural pressure at the bottom of the well, in look at the factors that oppose their elevation towards the area. In order to allow the production of the well at a commercial scale a system should be used artificial elevation of the effluent, or system well activation. For example, you can mount a pump at the lower end of a production tube located in the well, or an injection facility can be provided gas at the bottom of the well. The latter type of installation, plus commonly called "gas lift", used to lighten the column of hydrocarbons located in the well to facilitate its ascent to the surface.

Une installation d'injection de gaz en fond de puits est généralement fiable, mais présente l'inconvénient de nécessiter, sur un chantier isolé, une source de gaz sous pression, par exemple un compresseur et ses tuyauteries associées.A gas injection installation at the bottom of the well is generally reliable, but has the drawback of require, on an isolated site, a gas source under pressure, for example a compressor and its piping associated.

L'utilisation d'une pompe, disposée à l'extrémité inférieure d'un tubage par lequel remonte l'effluent biphasique liquide/gaz à la surface, présente des inconvénients lorsque cet effluent renferme une proportion importante de gaz. Les bulles contenues dans l'effluent sont compressibles, une fraction de l'énergie de la pompe servant à comprimer le gaz et non pas à envoyer le fluide vers la surface. Ce phénomène peut même conduire à ce que le débit de fluide pompé devienne nul (situation communément appelée « cavitation » ou « gas-lock »). Les pompes centrifuges sont particulièrement sujettes au gas-lock, en particulier dans les puits du fait de leur implantation au pied d'une colonne de fluide qui, du fait de son poids propre, oppose à leur refoulement, même à débit nul, une contre-pression hydrostatique. De plus, à l'occasion d'arrêts des écoulements, gaz et liquides finissent de se séparer par gravité au fond du puits, ce qui, dans certains cas engendre de graves dysfonctionnements de la pompe lors de son redémarrage si le gaz accumulé vient à pénétrer dans la pompe, ou encore si, dû à ce régime transitoire, une importante bulle de gaz a pu se former à l'intérieur de la pompe.The use of a pump, arranged at the end bottom of a casing through which the effluent rises biphasic liquid / gas on the surface, presents disadvantages when this effluent contains a proportion significant gas. The bubbles contained in the effluent are compressible, a fraction of the pump energy serving to compress the gas and not to send the fluid to the area. This phenomenon can even lead to the flow of pumped fluid becomes zero (situation commonly called "Cavitation" or "gas-lock"). Centrifugal pumps are particularly prone to gas lock, especially in wells due to their location at the foot of a column fluid which, due to its own weight, opposes their back pressure, even at zero flow, back pressure hydrostatic. In addition, on the occasion of judgments of flows, gases and liquids end up separating by gravity at the bottom of the well, which in some cases creates serious pump malfunctions during restart if the accumulated gas gets into the pump, or if, due to this transient regime, a large gas bubble may have formed inside the pump.

Il convient, donc, de séparer l'essentiel du gaz de la phase liquide de l'effluent avant que ce liquide ne soit aspiré par la pompe. Ainsi toute l'énergie de la pompe peut être consacrée à l'envoi du liquide vers la surface et les risques de cavitation sont réduits.It is therefore advisable to separate most of the gas from the liquid phase of the effluent before this liquid is sucked by the pump. So all the energy of the pump can be devoted to sending the liquid to the surface and risks of cavitation are reduced.

Mais cette séparation de gaz en amont de la pompe nécessite un canal d'évacuation du gaz différent de celui emprunté par le liquide traversant la pompe. Une manière courante d'assurer cette fonction est de laisser le gaz se « ventiler » - c'est à dire cheminer - par l'espace annulaire qui existe entre la paroi interne du cuvelage du puits et la paroi externe du tubage qui sert à l'écoulement du liquide pompé. Cette méthode présente cependant plusieurs inconvénients majeurs qui ont pour conséquence de rendre l'exploitation du puits plus coûteuse voire dangereuse : notamment la perte d'énergie naturelle d'élévation ; l'agression chimique et/ou mécanique des matériels en contact avec le gaz ; et des échanges thermiques importants et incontrôlables entre les effluents et le pourtour du puits pouvant engendrer des problèmes d'écoulement coûteux.But this separation of gas upstream of the pump requires a different gas discharge channel than that borrowed by the liquid passing through the pump. One way common to perform this function is to let the gas get "Ventilate" - that is to say walk - through space ring that exists between the inner wall of the casing of the well and the external wall of the casing which is used for the flow pumped liquid. However, this method presents several major disadvantages which result in making the more expensive or even dangerous operation of the well: including the loss of natural elevation energy; chemical and / or mechanical attack on materials contact with gas; and significant heat exchanges and uncontrollable between the effluents and the perimeter of the wells which can cause costly flow problems.

Pour pallier partiellement ces inconvénients, le document FR-A-2.723.143 décrit une installation pour puits pétrolier comportant une pompe disposée à l'extrémité inférieure d'un premier tubage, un deuxième tubage étant destiné à recevoir, le cas échéant, du gaz provenant de l'effluent et séparé en amont de la pompe, et de le conduire jusqu'à la surface indépendamment de la phase liquide Selon ce document afin de favoriser la séparation du gaz de l'effluent en fond de puits, la pompe est munie d'une chemise, qui s'étend jusqu'à un niveau en dessous de la couche de roche pétrolifère. Ainsi, l'effluent pénétrant dans le puits est contraint à descendre avant d'être aspiré par la pompe, ce qui a pour effet de garantir une excellente séparation du gaz destiné à emprunter le tubage indépendant.To partially overcome these drawbacks, the document FR-A-2.723.143 describes an installation for wells tanker with a pump arranged at the end bottom of a first casing, a second casing being intended to receive, where appropriate, gas from the effluent and separated upstream of the pump, and to conduct it up to the surface regardless of the liquid phase According to this document in order to promote the separation of gas from the effluent at the bottom of the well, the pump is fitted with a shirt, which extends to a level below the layer of petroleum rock. So the entering effluent in the well is forced to descend before being aspirated by the pump, which has the effect of ensuring excellent separation of the gas intended to pass through the casing independent.

L'installation décrite dans le document FR-A-2.723.143, bien qu'elle permette à la pompe de recevoir un effluent ayant une faible teneur en gaz, présente cependant des inconvénients en ce qu'elle nécessite un deuxième tubage sur toute la longueur de puits, ce qui engendre d'importantes contraintes dimensionnelles et économiques de l'ouvrage. De plus, la colonne d'effluent liquide remontée à la surface par la pompe est lourde puisqu'elle est substantiellement exempte de gaz, ce qui nécessite une pompe de puissance plus importante.The installation described in document FR-A-2.723.143, although it allows the pump to receive a effluent with low gas content, however present disadvantages in that it requires a second casing along the entire length of the well, which creates significant dimensional and economic constraints of the work. In addition, the liquid effluent column raised to the surface by the pump is heavy since it is substantially gas-free, which requires a pump greater power.

La présente invention a donc, pour objet, une installation de pompage d'un effluent biphasique liquide/gaz qui est de construction simple , robuste et fiable, et qui n'est pas sujette aux inconvénients cités ci-avant.The subject of the present invention is therefore a pumping system for a two-phase liquid / gas effluent which is simple, robust and reliable, and which is not subject to the drawbacks mentioned above.

Pour atteindre cet objectif, la présente invention propose une installation de pompage destinée à être montée dans un puits s'étendant de la surface jusqu'à une couche de roche pétrolifère, comprenant un tubage à l'extrémité inférieure duquel est montée une pompe, un joint, monté dans le puits autour du tubage et délimitant une chambre à l'extrémité inférieure du puits, dans laquelle est disposée la pompe, caractérisée en ce que l'installation comprend, de plus, un hydro-éjecteur dans le tubage comprenant une zone de dépression s'ouvrant dans l'extrémité supérieure de la chambre.To achieve this objective, the present invention offers a pumping installation intended to be mounted in a well extending from the surface to a layer of petroleum rock, including casing at the end bottom of which is mounted a pump, a seal, mounted in the well around the casing and delimiting a chamber the lower end of the well, in which is disposed the pump, characterized in that the installation comprises, plus, a hydro-ejector in the casing comprising an area depression opening in the upper end of the bedroom.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront plus clairement à la lecture de la description ci-après, faite en référence aux dessins et schémas annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une installation selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, et
  • les figures 2a et 2c sont des vues schématiques de trois modes de fonctionnement de l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge more clearly on reading the description below, made with reference to the appended drawings and diagrams in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a view in longitudinal section of an installation according to a first embodiment of the invention, and
  • Figures 2a and 2c are schematic views of three modes of operation of the invention.

Comme représentée sur la figure 1, un puits pétrolier 10 s'étend entre la surface (non-représentée) et une couche de roche pétrolifère 12. Le puits est muni de perforations 14, s'ouvrant dans la roche pétrolifère, qui permettent l'écoulement de l'effluent hydrocarbures vers l'intérieur du puits 10. Le puits 10 comprend un cuvelage 16 qui le rend étanche par rapport aux couches de roche traversées par le puits. A l'intérieur du puits un tubage 18 s'étend entre la surface et un point se trouvant à quelques mètres au-dessus de la couche de roche 12. Le tubage 18 comporte à son extrémité inférieure une pompe 20 munie d'entrées 22 pour l'effluent à envoyer à la surface. Dans l'exemple représenté , la pompe 20 est rotative centrifuge et son moteur est alimenté à partir de la surface par un câble électrique (non représenté). Avant d'être aspiré par la pompe 20, l'effluent provenant de la couche de roche 12, qui remplit le puits jusqu'à un niveau 24, se déplace dans le sens des flèches 26. Pendant ce déplacement, le gaz contenu dans l'effluent se libère et remonte dans le puits jusqu'au niveau d'un joint 28, plus communément appelé "packer", formant ainsi une poche de gaz 30 entre le niveau 24 de l'effluent liquide et le joint 28, dans une chambre 31 définie dans le puits 10 en dessous du packer 28. La pompe 20 peut avantageusement comprendre un séparateur spécial à chicane ou dynamique de type centrifuge ou vortex afin de mieux garantir la séparation en amont de la pompe( non représentée. Sans un tel séparateur, la séparation se fait habituellement par gravité dans la chambre 31 où se trouvent, à une vitesse relativement faible compte tenu de la section de leur passage, les effluents bruts sortant des perforations. As shown in Figure 1, a well tanker 10 extends between the surface (not shown) and a layer of petroleum rock 12. The well is provided with perforations 14, opening in the oil-bearing rock, which allow the flow of the hydrocarbon effluent to the interior of the well 10. The well 10 includes a casing 16 which makes it waterproof compared to the layers of rock crossed by the well. Inside the well a casing 18 extends between the surface and a point a few meters above the rock layer 12. Casing 18 has at its lower end a pump 20 provided of inputs 22 for the effluent to be sent to the surface. In the example shown, the pump 20 is centrifugal rotary and its engine is powered from the surface by a electric cable (not shown). Before being sucked by the pump 20, the effluent coming from the rock layer 12, which fills the well to a level 24, moves into the direction of the arrows 26. During this movement, the gas contained in the effluent is released and rises in the well up to the level of a joint 28, more commonly called "packer", thus forming a gas pocket 30 between the level 24 of the liquid effluent and the seal 28, in a chamber 31 defined in well 10 below packer 28. The pump 20 may advantageously include a special separator to baffle or dynamic centrifugal or vortex type in order to better guarantee separation upstream of the pump (not represented. Without such a separator, separation takes place usually by gravity in room 31 where find, at a relatively low speed taking into account the section of their passage, the raw effluents leaving the perforations.

Le packer 28 définit une chambre annulaire 33 délimitée par la paroi interne du cuvelage 16 et la paroi externe du tubage 18 entre le joint 28 et la surface. Le packer 28 interdit aux effluents et notamment au gaz de pénétrer la chambre 33. Ils ne peuvent traverser la partie supérieure du puits qu'en empruntant le tubage 18. La chambre 33 et tous les accessoires qu'elle contient tel que le cable d'alimentation de la pompe 20 sont donc préservés des agressions mécaniques et chimiques et reste disponible pour d'autres fonctions telle que par exemple l'accueil d'une substance calorifuge afin d'assurer l'isolation thermique du tubage 18.The packer 28 defines an annular chamber 33 delimited by the internal wall of the casing 16 and the wall external of the casing 18 between the seal 28 and the surface. The packer 28 prohibits effluents and in particular gas from enter room 33. They cannot cross the part superior to the well than by borrowing the casing 18. The room 33 and all the accessories it contains such as the power cable of the pump 20 are therefore preserved mechanical and chemical attack and remains available for other functions such as for example reception a heat-insulating substance to insulate casing 18.

Au niveau de la poche de gaz 30, le tubage 18 comporte un hydro-éjecteur liquide-gaz 32, ou venturi, destiné à créer dans son intérieur une zone de dépression 34 par effet venturi. L'hydro-éjecteur liquide-gaz 32 comporte des orifices 36 mettant en communication la zone de dépression 34 et la poche de gaz 30.At the gas pocket 30, the casing 18 comprises a liquid-gas hydro-ejector 32, or venturi, intended to create a depression area inside 34 by venturi effect. The liquid-gas hydro-ejector 32 comprises orifices 36 connecting the area of depression 34 and the gas pocket 30.

Lors de la mise en marche de l'installation de pompage décrite ci-avant, la pompe 20 est mise en mouvement, aspirant de l'effluent liquide par les entrées 22 et le refoulant, dans le sens de la flèche 38, vers la surface. Le passage de l'effluent à travers l'hydro-éjecteur liquide-gaz 32 crée une dépression dans son intérieur du fait de sa géométrie en forme de convergeant, dépression qui provoque l'aspiration par les orifices 36 du gaz de la poche de gaz 30 dans le sens des flèches 40. Dans l'intérieur de l'hydroéjecteur, le gaz est alors entraíné par l'effluent liquide provenant de la pompe 20 auquel il se mélange et se recombine, allégeant ainsi la colonne d'effluent contenue dans le tubage 18, facilitant ainsi sa remontée vers la surface.When switching on the installation of pumping described above, the pump 20 is set in motion, sucking liquid effluent through inlets 22 and the driving back, in the direction of arrow 38, towards the surface. The passage of the effluent through the liquid-gas hydro-ejector 32 creates a depression in its interior due to its converging geometry, depression causing the suction through the orifices 36 of the gas from the gas pocket 30 in the direction of the arrows 40. In the interior of the hydro-ejector, the gas is then entrained by the liquid effluent from pump 20 to which it mixes and recombines, thus reducing the column of effluent contained in the casing 18, thus facilitating its ascent to the surface.

Comme la poche de gaz 30 est toujours en communication avec le tubage 18 par les orifices 36 ; 44, la formation d'une poche de gaz s'étendant jusqu'à la pompe 20 est évitée, même lors d'un arrêt prolongé de l'installation. Ceci a pour résultat d'éviter que la pompe ne redémarre lorsqu'elle est entourée de gaz. As the gas pocket 30 is still in communication with the casing 18 through the orifices 36; 44, the formation of a gas pocket extending to the pump 20 is avoided, even during a prolonged shutdown of the installation. This results in preventing the pump from restarting when surrounded by gas.

La figure 2a représente schématiquement la configuration normale des écoulements, correspondant à celle décrite ci-avant en référence à la figure 1. Les modes de fonctionnement de l'invention représentés sur les figures 2B et 2C comportent des caractéristiques complémentaires permettant à l'installation de mieux réagir dans des situations dégradées transitoires ou passagères, et de la rendre plus efficace et performante.Figure 2a shows schematically the normal configuration of flows, corresponding to that described above with reference to Figure 1. The modes of operation of the invention shown in Figures 2B and 2C have additional features allowing the installation to react better in transient or transient degraded situations, and make it more efficient and effective.

La figure 2A reprend, de manière schématique les caractéristiques de l'installation de la figure 1. Le liquide refoulé par la pompe 20 dans le sens de la flèche 38, aspire du gaz dans l'hydroéjecteur 32 dans le sens de la flèche 40. Le mélange du liquide recombiné avec le gaz est envoyé vers la surface par le tubage 18 dans le sens de la flèche 50.FIG. 2A shows schematically the characteristics of the installation of figure 1. The liquid discharged by pump 20 in the direction of the arrow 38, draws gas into the hydro-ejector 32 in the direction of the arrow 40. The mixture of the recombined liquid with the gas is sent to the surface by the casing 18 in the direction of the arrow 50.

La figure 2B représente schématiquement la situation où, dans une installation selon l'invention, la pompe 20 aspire de l'effluent ayant une forte proportion de gaz ou contient d'importantes bulles de gaz dans ses impulseurs. Les pompes centrifuges tolèrent mal les bulles de gaz n'étant pas adaptées à refouler de tels effluents. Il est donc judicieux de faciliter l'évacuation de ces bulles vers la sortie de la pompe avant de continuer à envoyer l'effluent vers la surface.Figure 2B schematically represents the situation where, in an installation according to the invention, the pump 20 sucks effluent with a high proportion of gas or contains large gas bubbles in its impellers. Centrifugal pumps do not tolerate gas bubbles well not being adapted to repress such effluents. It is therefore wise to facilitate the evacuation of these bubbles towards pump output before continuing to send the effluent to the surface.

En effet, la présence d'importantes bulles de gaz dans l'intérieur de la pompe 20 peut survenir en dépit de la séparation du gaz en amont avant l'entrée des fluides dans la pompe 20, due par exemple à un dégazage complémentaire à l'intérieur même de la pompe 20, ou bien lors d'une phase transitoire de fonctionnement telle qu'un redémarrage de l'installation. Pour éviter qu'une telle situation se prolonge et devienne stationnaire au détriment du matériel qui surchaufferait et de la production du puits qui serait nulle, l'invention propose de soulager le refoulement de la pompe 20 avec, d'une part, un clapet anti-retour 52 dans le tubage 18 entre la pompe 20 et l'hydro-éjecteur 32 pour interdire le retour des effluents vers la pompe 20 et en supporter le poids de colonne hydrostatique, et, d'autre part, une ouverture latérale 54 située sous ce clapet et permettant l'évacuation latérale des effluents constitués essentiellement de gaz vers la chambre annulaire 31. Ce clapet 52 et l'ouverture latérale 54 sont préférablement des systèmes pouvant être mis en place et retirés du puits au câble par une opération communément appelée « wire-line » afin de rendre leur maintenance peu onéreuse. On peut par exemple utiliser des équipements logés dans des « poches » latérales du type de celles couramment utilisées pour les vannes d'injection de gaz pour l'allégement de la colonne d'effluent et communément appelés « side-pocket ». L'ouverture latérale 54 doit se refermer dès qu'un certain débit d'effluent liquide et une pression plus élevée, seront de nouveau atteint au refoulement de la pompe 20. La manoeuvre de cette ouverture latérale 54 pourra être soit pilotée depuis la surface à l'aide d'une ligne de commande électrique ou hydraulique en fonction de paramètres disponibles en surface, ou bien être automatique pilotée localement avec par exemple la pression de refoulement de la pompe 20, on la différence de pression dûe aux frictions de l'effluent entre l'entrée et la sortie de l'ouverture latérale 54. Ce principe est utilisé dans des vannes de sécurité appelée « storm-choke ».Indeed, the presence of large gas bubbles inside the pump 20 can occur despite the separation of the gas upstream before the fluids enter pump 20, due for example to a degassing complementary to inside the pump 20, or during a phase transient operation such as a restart of installation. To avoid such a situation extends and becomes stationary at the expense of material which would overheat and from the production of the well which would null, the invention proposes to relieve the repression of the pump 20 with, on the one hand, a non-return valve 52 in the tubing 18 between the pump 20 and the hydro-ejector 32 for prohibit the return of effluents to pump 20 and support the weight of hydrostatic column, and, on the other share, a lateral opening 54 located under this valve and allowing the lateral evacuation of the formed effluents essentially gas to the annular chamber 31. This valve 52 and the lateral opening 54 are preferably systems that can be set up and removed from the well at cable by an operation commonly called "wire-line" in order to make their maintenance inexpensive. We can by example use equipment housed in "pockets" of the type commonly used for gas injection valves for column relief effluent and commonly called "side-pocket". The lateral opening 54 must close as soon as a certain liquid effluent flow and higher pressure, will again reached when pump 20 is discharged. operation of this lateral opening 54 may be either controlled from the surface using a command line electric or hydraulic depending on parameters available on the surface, or be automatically piloted locally with for example the discharge pressure of the pump 20, there is the pressure difference due to friction the effluent between the inlet and the outlet of the opening lateral 54. This principle is used in gate valves security called "storm-choke".

Comme représenté sur la figure 2B, lorsque la pompe n'envoie plus d'effluent liquide vers la surface, la colonne de liquide présente dans le tubage 18, en aval de l'hydroéjecteur 32 s'écoule, sous l'effet de son propre poids, et jusqu'à l'équilibre, à travers les orifices 36 aménagés dans l'hydroéjecteur vers la chambre 31. Une fois que le tubage s'est vidé jusqu'à l'équilibre, le gaz présent dans la chambre 31 peut remonter vers la surface en pénétrant dans le tubage 18 par les orifices 36. Ainsi, même si le niveau 24 de l'effluent liquide est descendu en dessous du niveau de la pompe 20, cette purge du gaz dans la chambre 31 permet au niveau du liquide 24 de remonter au delà de celui de la pompe 20. Une fois que la pompe se trouve, de nouveau, immergée dans de l'effluent liquide ayant une faible proportion de gaz, l'envoi de l'effluent vers la surface peut recommencer.As shown in Figure 2B, when the pump no longer sends liquid effluent to the surface, the column of liquid present in the casing 18, downstream of the hydro-ejector 32 flows, under the effect of its own weight, and up to equilibrium, through the holes 36 fitted in the hydro-ejector to chamber 31. Once that the casing has emptied to equilibrium, the gas present in chamber 31 can rise to the surface in entering the casing 18 through the orifices 36. Thus, even if the level 24 of the liquid effluent has gone down in below the level of pump 20, this purging of gas in the chamber 31 allows the level of liquid 24 to rise to the beyond that of pump 20. Once the pump again found immersed in liquid effluent having a low proportion of gas, sending the effluent to the surface can start again.

La figure 2C représente schématiquement une installation destinée à pallier les problèmes qui peuvent survenir lorsque le niveau 24 du liquide dépasse celui de l'hydroéjecteur 32.FIG. 2C schematically represents a installation intended to alleviate the problems which can occur when the level 24 of the liquid exceeds that of the hydro-ejector 32.

Une telle situation se produit si l'hydro-éjecteur a une capacité d'aspiration de gaz supérieure au débit de gaz libéré par la séparation située en amont de l'entrée de la pompe 20. C'est même la situation la plus probable dans la configuration normale de l'installation selon l'invention. Or même si l'hydro-éjecteur est capable de fonctionner en liquide-liquide comme c'est le cas général en « jet-pumping », il est plutôt préférable d'éviter l'entraínement effectif de liquide en provenance de la chambre 31 par les effluents liquides s'écoulant dans le sens de la flèche 38. Car un tel entraínement réduirait la performance et/ou l'efficacité du système. Pour éviter cet entraínement de liquides, et rendre l'entraínement sélectif vis-à-vis du gaz et du liquide de la chambre 31 plusieurs solutions sont proposées ci-après : la première s'appuie sur le fait que l'hydro-éjecteur 32 est plus ou moins capable d'effectuer cette sélection naturellement par « blocage hydraulique ». C'est le phénomène qui joue lorsque qu'en jet-pumping liquide-liquide, le jet fait du « gas-lock », c'est à dire n'arrive plus à entraíner de liquide. Cette condition est obtenue pour un débit de liquide entraínant suffisamment élevé. La deuxième consiste à utiliser un flotteur destiné à obturer l'entrée de gaz latérale de l'hydro-éjecteur 32 lorsque du liquide de la chambre 31 le soulève. Ce flotteur serait là encore un système qui pourrait se repêcher au câble et qui pourrait par exemple s'implanter dans un « side-pocket », par lequel passerait tout le gaz de la poche 30 avant de pénétrer dans l'hydro-éjecteur 32. La troisième, également repêcher au câble, serait l'équivalent du flotteur mais avec une technologie différente, par exemple, battant ou autre « storm choke » fermant au passage de liquides.On peut également prévoir un orifice de petit diamètre ou « duse » résistant peu à l'écoulement des gaz et beaucoup à celui de liquides, provoquant même le dégazage de ces derniers.Such a situation occurs if the hydro-ejector has a gas suction capacity greater than the gas flow rate released by the separation located upstream from the entrance to the pump 20. This is even the most likely situation in the normal configuration of the installation according to the invention. Even if the hydro-ejector is capable of operating in liquid-liquid as is the general case in "jet-pumping" », It is better to avoid training number of liquid from chamber 31 by the liquid effluents flowing in the direction of arrow 38. Because such training would reduce performance and / or the efficiency of the system. To avoid this training liquids, and make selective training with respect to gas and liquid from chamber 31 several solutions are proposed below: the first is based on the fact that the hydro-ejector 32 is more or less capable of performing this selection naturally by "hydraulic blocking". This is the phenomenon that plays when in jet pumping liquid-liquid, the jet makes a "gas-lock", ie can no longer entrain liquid. This condition is obtained for a sufficient flow of liquid Student. The second consists in using a float intended for close the lateral gas inlet of the hydro-ejector 32 when liquid from chamber 31 lifts it. This float here again would be a system that could fish out the cable and which could for example be installed in a "Side-pocket", through which all the gas from the pocket 30 before entering the hydro-ejector 32. The third, also cable recovery, would be the equivalent of the float but with a different technology, for example, clapper or other “storm choke” closing in the process We can also provide a small hole diameter or "duse" with little resistance to gas flow and much to that of liquids, even causing the degassing of these latter.

L'hydro-éjecteur liquide-gaz 32, et les accessoires correspondants aux fonctions représentées sur les figures 2B et 2C ainsi que l'élément mobile de la pompe sont avantageusement aménagés afin de permettre leur remontée à la surface par câble lorsque des interventions de maintenance s'imposent.The liquid-gas hydro-ejector 32, and the accessories corresponding to the functions shown in Figures 2B and 2C as well as the movable element of the pump are advantageously arranged to allow their ascent to the cable surface when maintenance is required.

L'hydro-éjecteur liquide-gaz peut-être monté dans le tubage en un point au dessus du joint , la zone de dépression communicant avec la chambre par un conduit qui traverse le joint.The liquid-gas hydro-ejector can be mounted in the casing at a point above the joint, the area of depression communicating with the room by a conduit which crosses the joint.

Claims (5)

  1. Pumping installation for fitting in a well (10) extending from the surface to a layer of oil-reservoir rock, comprising a casing (18) at the lower end of which a pump (20) is mounted, a seal (28; 42), fitted in the well round the casing (18) and delimiting a chamber (31) at the lower end of the well, in which chamber (31) the pump is disposed, characterised in that the installation also comprises a hydro-ejector (32), in the casing (18), comprising a negative pressure zone (34) which opens into the upper end of the chamber (31).
  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterised in that the liquid/gas hydro-ejector (32) is fitted in the casing (18) directly below the seal (28), the negative pressure zone (34) communicating with the chamber (31) via orifices (36) made in the liquid/gas hydro-ejector.
  3. Installation according to claim 1, characterised in that the liquid/gas hydro-ejector (32) is mounted in the casing (18) at a point above the seal (42), the negative pressure zone (34) communicating with the chamber (31) via a conduit (46) traversing the seal (42).
  4. Installation according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the pump also comprises a centrifugal separator communicating with the negative pressure zone (34) of the liquid/gas hydro-ejector (32).
  5. Installation according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that it also comprises a check valve (52) fitted in the casing (18) between the pump (20) and the hydro-ejector (32), and a lateral aperture (54) in the casing (18) between the pump (20) and this check valve (52).
EP98904241A 1997-01-31 1998-01-28 Installation for pumping a two-phase liquid/gas effluent Expired - Lifetime EP0892886B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9701113 1997-01-31
FR9701113A FR2759113B1 (en) 1997-01-31 1997-01-31 PUMPING SYSTEM FOR A LIQUID / GAS BIPHASIC EFFLUENT
PCT/FR1998/000157 WO1998034009A1 (en) 1997-01-31 1998-01-28 Installation for pumping a two-phase liquid/gas effluent

Publications (2)

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EP0892886A1 EP0892886A1 (en) 1999-01-27
EP0892886B1 true EP0892886B1 (en) 2002-07-31

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US (1) US6250384B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0892886B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE221613T1 (en)
BR (1) BR9805955A (en)
CA (1) CA2251611C (en)
DE (1) DE69806865T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2759113B1 (en)
NO (1) NO315288B1 (en)
OA (1) OA10890A (en)
RU (1) RU2201535C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1998034009A1 (en)

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NO315288B1 (en) 2003-08-11
CA2251611C (en) 2005-09-13
DE69806865D1 (en) 2002-09-05
ATE221613T1 (en) 2002-08-15
FR2759113A1 (en) 1998-08-07
WO1998034009A1 (en) 1998-08-06
FR2759113B1 (en) 1999-03-19
CA2251611A1 (en) 1998-08-06
BR9805955A (en) 1999-08-31
NO984544L (en) 1998-09-29
RU2201535C2 (en) 2003-03-27
NO984544D0 (en) 1998-09-29
DE69806865T2 (en) 2003-03-13
EP0892886A1 (en) 1999-01-27
US6250384B1 (en) 2001-06-26
OA10890A (en) 2003-02-18

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