EP0889357A1 - Light control film and a production method of the same - Google Patents
Light control film and a production method of the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0889357A1 EP0889357A1 EP98111793A EP98111793A EP0889357A1 EP 0889357 A1 EP0889357 A1 EP 0889357A1 EP 98111793 A EP98111793 A EP 98111793A EP 98111793 A EP98111793 A EP 98111793A EP 0889357 A1 EP0889357 A1 EP 0889357A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- control film
- light
- light control
- silver
- image
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
- G03C7/04—Additive processes using colour screens; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
- G03C7/06—Manufacture of colour screens
- G03C7/10—Manufacture of colour screens with regular areas of colour, e.g. bands, lines, dots
- G03C7/12—Manufacture of colour screens with regular areas of colour, e.g. bands, lines, dots by photo-exposure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/86—Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks
- H01J29/89—Optical or photographic arrangements structurally combined or co-operating with the vessel
- H01J29/896—Anti-reflection means, e.g. eliminating glare due to ambient light
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2229/00—Details of cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes
- H01J2229/89—Optical components associated with the vessel
- H01J2229/8909—Baffles, shutters, apertures or the like against external light
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light control film which is employed to shield external light incident on the image surface of CRTs, and a production method of the same.
- This film exhibits properties which can selectively scatter light having a predetermined incident angle.
- the representative production methods are disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-43845, and Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public Inspection Nos. 51-44186 and 50-92751, in which production methods associated with a louvered plastic are described; thin transparent plates and thin translucent or opaque plates are alternatively laminated; when the desired thickness is obtained, the louvered plastic film is produced by slicing the resultant assemblage into a film-like form in the vertical direction against the lamination direction.
- the resulting film transmits light parallel to the lamination direction, while shielding oblique light to the lamination direction. Namely, vertical incident light can be transmitted.
- the light at more than a predetermined angle is shielded and cannot be transmitted because the opaque area works as a kind of a blind.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-19449 and Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public Inspection No. 58-215880 disclose that a photosensitive resin is coated on a transparent support; relief of dots, stripes or a checkered pattern is formed employing light irradiation and a light control film is produced by dyeing the relief with a dye.
- Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public Inspection No. 6-11606 describes that a resin composition comprising a plurality of compounds having a polymerizing double bond in a molecule with different refractive index is sustained in a film-like form and a light control film is produced in such a manner that in a first process, the composition is hardened by irradiating ultraviolet radiation from a first direction and in a second process, the above-mentioned resin composition is sustained in a film-like form on the resulting hardened composition and is hardened by irradiating it with ultraviolet radiation from a second direction.
- the production methods according to the conventional technology exhibit the following problems.
- opaque portions and transparent portions are laminated to a predetermined thickness and when the lamination reaches the predetermined thickness, a light control film is produced by slicing the resultant assemblage to a film-like form.
- a desired film is produced employing another process. This causes the process to become excessively complex which markedly increases the cost.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-19449 and Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public Inspection No. 58-215880 is that a relief image is formed employing the photosensitive resin on a transparent support and a predetermined incident light can be shielded by the relief image.
- the relief image is finely structured, it results in defects such as low mechanical strength.
- Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public Inspection No. 6-11606 depends on shielding of oblique incident light formed by reflection and scattering to result in defects such that light cannot be perfectly shielded.
- the light control film can be produced by: (1) a skiving method in which thin transparent plates and thin translucent or opaque plates are alternatively laminated and when the desired thickness is obtained, the resulting lamination is sliced into a film-like form in the vertical direction against the lamination direction; (2) a method in which a relief image is formed employing a photosensitive resin on a transparent support; or (3) a method in which polymerizing compounds having differing refractive indexes are formed into a film-like form and is subjected to light irradiation from two directions.
- the light control films produced by these methods result in defects such that firstly, production is rather complicated; secondly, the mechanical strength is low, and thirdly, shielding predetermined incident light is not sufficient and other shortcomings.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a light control film which, firstly, is readily produced; secondly, is excellent in mechanical strength; thirdly, is excellent in shielding of predetermined incident light and exhibits a clear facing scene observed through transmission, and fourthly, enables formation of patterns such as dots, stripes, checks or honeycomb, and a production method of the same.
- a light control film comprises a transparent support and a layer having silver image.
- the light control film may be produced employing a photosensitive material having a transparent support comprising thereon a silver salt photosensitive layer.
- transmittance of vertical incident light is preferably not less than 40% and transmittance of 30° oblique light is preferably not more than 20%.
- the light control film has preferably dots, stripes, a checkered pattern or a honeycomb pattern.
- the light control film has the dots, stripes, checkered pattern or honeycomb pattern preferably formed with silver.
- the light control film is prepared by exposing a silver salt photosensitive material through a mask or exposing imagewise using laser light, and processing the exposed silver salt photosensitive material of development and fixing.
- a silver salt photosensitive layer is coated on a transparent support plate, and is subjected to light exposure of dots, stripes or a checkered pattern, followed by development and fixing to obtain a light control film having a silver image on the transparent support plate.
- the light control film composed of the silver salt photosensitive layer when compared to the skiving method, shows that the production is easy and a pattern such as dots, stripes, or a checkered pattern is readily prepared. Furthermore, the light control film exhibits a feature of higher mechanical strength than the light control film produced employing a relief image made of a photosensitive resin.
- the light control film produced by forming a relief image employing a photosensitive resin has a finely structured relief image and when force is applied to the relief image, the relief image is collapsed or crushed, On the contrary, when silver salt photosensitive layer is employed the silver salt photosensitive layer, the relief image is not collapsed nor crushed.
- the specified incident light can be shielded completely.
- the light control film employing the sliver halide photosensitive layer exhibits excellent advantages which can not be obtained by the conventional technology.
- Materials for the transparent support include transparent glass, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), triacetyl cellulose, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, acetyl cellulose, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene vinyl acetate, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.
- the thickness is generally between 1 to 10 mm.
- a film or sheet generally having a thickness of not less than 20 ⁇ and preferably a thickness of not less than 50 ⁇ can be employed.
- silver salt emulsion to form the silver salt photosensitive layer
- silver chloride emulsion silver chlorobromide emulsion, silver chloroiodide emulsion, silver iodobromide emulsion, silver chloroiodobromide emulsion, etc. are available.
- the grain size of the silver halide grain is not more than 0.5 ⁇ m and preferably not more than 0.2 ⁇ m. Furthermore, the distribution of the grain size is preferably as narrow as possible.
- so-called Lippmann type emulsions or photosensitive materials for graphic art there exist emulsions suitably used.
- Transmittance of vertical incident light is not less than 40%
- Transmittance of 30° oblique light is not more than 20%
- the transmittance of the light is not more than 20%.
- this value varies in accordance with the direction of the incident light
- the minimum transmittance should be not more than 20%. Still further, as mentioned below, it is possible to intentionally change the light transmittance from such oblique direction by varying the stripe width formed on the surface of a light control film in the upward or downward direction or in the right or left direction.
- pattern exposure is carried out through a mask or a pattern is drawn employing laser beam exposure to form a latent image of these patterns.
- the prepared latent image pattern is visualized through development and fixing followed by washing and drying, and thus a light control film can be prepared.
- photographic processes various types of modified processes, such as a monobath processing method, a washless method, etc. may be employed, if the transparency, storage stability, etc. are assured.
- Silver halide emulsions employed for the silver salt photosensitive layer may be prepared employing any of several methods such as: acid methods, neutral methods, or ammonia methods.
- the grain size is preferably between 0.02 and 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the silver halide grain of the emulsion may be subjected to incorporation in the interior of the grain and/or on the surface of the grain, of water-soluble rhodium salts and water-soluble iridium salts which are added during the grain forming process.
- the added amount is preferably between 10 -6 and 10 -9 mole per mole of silver halide.
- silver halide dissolving agents such as thioether, etc. or crystal habit control agents such as mercapto group-containing compounds or sensitizing dyes may be employed.
- the silver halide grains may be those having a uniform silver halide composition distribution in the grain or core/shell grains having the silver halide composition of the interior of the grain different from that of the surface layer.
- the shape of the silver halide grain is optional.
- One of the preferred examples is a cubic form having a (100) plane as the crystal surface.
- Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public Inspection No. 55-26589 Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-42737, etc. and publications such as The Journal of Photographic Science, Volume 21, page 39 (1973), etc.
- octahedron, tetradecahedron, dodecahedron, etc. grains can be prepared and employed.
- grains having twin planes may also be employed.
- the silver halide grains consisting of a single shape may be employed or a mixture of grains having various shapes are acceptable.
- Silver halide emulsions are individually prepared and two or more emulsions may be mixed and employed. Howeve, a monodispersed emulsion is preferably employed.
- a silver halide weight contained in the range of ⁇ 20% of the average grain size "r" is preferably not less than 60%, more preferably not less than 70%, and still more preferably not less than 80%.
- the grain size herein designates, when the silver grain is spherical, the diameter, and when the silver grain is not spherical, the diameter of the circle obtained by converting the projected image to an equivalent circular area image.
- the grain size may be obtained, for example, by enlarging the above-mentioned grain from 10,000 to 50,000 times employing an electron microscope and practically measuring the diameter of the circular grain image on a photographic print or calculating the diameter from the area of the projected grain image.
- the particularly preferred high grade monodispersed emulsion exhibits a degree of monodispersibility of not more than 20 and more preferably not more than 15, which is defined by the following formula.
- Degree of monodispersibility standard deviation of grain size/average grain size
- the monosispersed emulsion can be prepared in reference to Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public Inspection Nos. 54-48521, 58-49938, and 60-122935.
- the photosensitive silver halide emulsion may undergo no chemical ripening and may be employed as being a so-called primitive emulsion. However, the emulsion generally undergoes chemical ripening.
- sulfur sensitization utilizing compounds comprising sulfur capable of reacting with silver ions and active gelatin; reduction sensitization utilizing reducing compounds; and a method utilizing gold and other noble metal compounds.
- sulfur sensitization thiosulfate salts, thioureas, thiazoles, rhodanines and other compounds can be employed. These specific examples are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,574,944, 2,410,689, 2,278,947, 2,728,668, and 3,656,955.
- Employed as the reduction sensitizers can be stannous salts, amines, hydrazine derivatives, formamidisulfinic acid, silane compounds, etc.
- pH is preferably kept to be between 4 and 9; more preferably between 5 and 8, while pAg is kept to be between 5 and 11, and preferably between 7 and 9.
- the desirable temperature is between 40 and 90 °C and preferably between 45 and 75 °C.
- the photographic emulsion may undergo combinations of the above mentioned sulfur sensitization, gold-sulfur sensitization, reduction sensitization employing reducing compounds, noble metal sensitization, employing noble metals, etc.
- various stabilizers such as, for example, 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene, 5-mercapto-1-phenylterazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, etc.
- the emulsion may be subjected to either removal or retention of unnecessary water-soluble salts after completing the growth of silver halide grains.
- the removal of the above-mentioned salts can be carried out based on the method described in Research Disclosure No. 17643.
- various additive can be added to the photographic emulsion.
- various compounds known as stabilizers such as, azoles, for example, benzothiazolium salts; nitroindazoles; triazoles; benzotriazoles; benzimidazoles (especially, nitro- or halogen substituents); heterocyclic mercapto compounds such as, for example, mercaptothiazoles; mercaptonenzimidazoles; mercaptotetrazoles (especially, 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole); mercaptopyridines; the above-mentioned heterocyclic compounds having a water-soluble group such as a carboxyl group, a sulfone group, etc.; mercapto compounds; thioketo compounds such as, for example, oxazolithion; azaindenes
- stabilizers such as, azoles, for example, benzothiazolium salts; nitroindazoles; triazoles; benzo
- the light control film can be comprised, in a photographic constitution layer, of alkylacrylate series latex described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,411,911, 3,411,912 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 45-5331.
- the silver salt photosensitive layer may be comprised of various kinds of additives such as mentioned below.
- Thickening agents or plasticizers include, for example, styrene-sodium maleate copolymers, dextran sulfate, etc. which are, for example, described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,960,404; Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-4939; West German Patent Publication No. 1,904,604; Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public Inspection No. 48-63715; Belgian Patent No. 762,833; U.S. Pat. No. 3,767,410; Belgian Patent No. 588,143.
- Hardening agents include various types of hardening agents such as the aldehyde series, epoxy series, ethyleneimine series, active halogen series, vinylsulfone series, isocyanate series, sulfonic acid ester series, carbodiimide series, mucochloric acid series, acyloyl series, etc.
- UV absorbers include compounds described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3253,921 and U.K. Patent No.
- 1,309,349 such as, particularly, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5-tertiarybutylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-ditertiarybutylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-3'-tertiarybutyl-5'-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tertiarybutylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, etc.
- Surface active agents employed as coating aids, emulsifying agents, penetration improving agents for processing solutions etc., anti-forming agents, or agents employed to improve various physical properties of photosensitive materials include anionic, cationic, nonionic or amphoteric compounds described in U.K. Patent Nos. 548,532, and 1,216,389; U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,026,202 and 3,514,293; Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 44-26580, 43-17922, 43-17926, 43-3166, and 48-20785; French Patent No. 202,588; Belgian Patent No. 773,459; Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public Inspection No.
- antistatic agents include compounds described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 46-24159; Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public Inspection No. 48-89979; U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,882,157 and 2,972,535; Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public Inspection Nos. 48-20785, 48-43130, and 48-90391; Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 46-24159, 46-39312, 48-43809, and 47-33627.
- the pH of the coating composition is preferably 5.3 to 7.5.
- the pH of the coating composition prepared by mixing each coating composition in the ratio of the coated amounts is preferably 5.3 to 7.5, in view of suitable speed of hardening and desirable photographic performance.
- the layer of the light control film may comprise lubricants such as, for example, higher aliphatic higher alcohol esters described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,588,756, and 3,121,060; casein described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,295,979; higher aliphatic calcium salts described in U.K. Patent No. 1,263,722; silicone compounds described in U.K. Patent No. 1,313,384, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,042,522 and 3,489,567. Liquid paraffin dispersion and the like may be employed for this purpose.
- lubricants such as, for example, higher aliphatic higher alcohol esters described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,588,756, and 3,121,060; casein described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,295,979; higher aliphatic calcium salts described in U.K. Patent No. 1,263,722; silicone compounds described in U.K. Patent No. 1,313,384, and U.S
- the light control film can furthermore comprise various additives in order to meet the specified requirements. These additives are described in more detail in Research Disclosure (RD) Volume 176, Item 17643 (December 1978) and Volume 187, Item 18716 (November 1979). The corresponding items are summarized below.
- Type of Additives RD Item 17643 RD Item 18716 1. Chemical Sensitizers page 23 page 648 right column 2. Sensitizers page 648 right column 3. Spectral Sensitizers, Super Sensitizers pages 23-24 page 648 right column - page 649 right column 4. Brighteners page 24 5. Antifoggants and Stabilizers pages 24-25 page 649 right column 6.
- the light control film exposed to image pattern is processed in usual developing process and various methods can be employed. It is processed at generally 18 to 50 °C.
- dihydroxybenzens e.g. hydroquinone
- 3-pyrazolidones e.g. 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone
- aminophenols e.g. N-metyl-p-aminophenol
- the silver salt photosensitive layer can be constituted with at least one silver halide emulsion layer on a transparent support, and other suitable layers, if desired, for example, a protective layer, etc., on the silver halide emulsion layer.
- a backing layer comprising a light-absorbing dye can be provided on the reverse surface of the silver halide emulsion layer.
- the light-absorbing dye can be selected from optional dyes.
- the layer can be processed by a developer comprising any of imidazoles as a silver halide-dissolving agent. Furthermore, it can be processed by a developer comprising additives such as indazole, triazole, etc., together with the silver halide-dissolving agent.
- the developer generally comprises various types of preserving agents, alkali agents, pH buffering agents, antifoggants, etc. and further, may comprise dissolving aids, toning agents, development accelerators, surface active agents, antifoaming agents, water softeners, hardeners, thickeners, etc., if desired.
- a so-called "lith type” photographic processing can be carried out.
- a developing agent is incorporated in a photosensitive material, for example in an emulsion layer, and development may be carried out employing an aqueous alkali solution.
- hydrophobic ones can be incorporated in the emulsion layer employing methods described in Research Disclosure Item 169, etc.
- Such development processing may be combined with a silver salt stabilizing processing utilizing thiocyanate salts.
- fixer those having compositions used in general practices can be employed.
- the fixer may comprise water-soluble aluminum salts as a hardening agent.
- Exposure on the photographic emulsion depends on the chemical sensitization status, purposes, etc. Many types of light sources are adequately employed such as tungsten lamps, fluorescent lamps, arc lamps, mercury lamps, xenon sun light lamps, xenon flash lamps, cathode-ray tube flying spot, laser beam sources, electron beam tubes, X-ray tubes, fluorescent screens used for X-ray exposure, and the like.
- Ordinary exposure time is between 1/1,000 to 100 seconds.
- short exposure time between 1/10 -4 and 1/10 -9 is available with xenon flash lamps, cathode ray tubes, and laser beam sources.
- a Lippmann type silver halide emulsion with an average grain size of 0.05 ⁇ m, composed of 4 mole percent silver iodide and 96 mole percent silver bromide underwent physical ripening and salt removal according to a conventional method and underwent chemical ripening with the addition of 1.0 ⁇ 10 -4 mole of sodium thiosulfate and 1.0 ⁇ 10 -4 mole of chloroauric acid per mole of Ag at 60 °C for 60 minutes.
- An emulsion layer coating composition was prepared by the addition of 500 mg of S-1 as a sensitizing dye per mole of Ag; 1.0 g and 0.2 g of F-1 and F-2 respectively as antiirradiation agents per mole of Ag; 10 mg and 1 g of H-1 and H-1 respectively as hardeners per g of gelatin; 2 g of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene as a stabilizer per mole of Ag; 200 mg of 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole as an antifoggant per mole of Ag; 2 g of C-1 as a surface active agent per mole of Ag, and a polymer latex.
- the backing layer was formed by coating the backing composition on an acrylic substrate plate (PMMA plate) of a thickness of 1 mm employing a napkin coater so as to obtain a thickness of 8 ⁇ m.
- PMMA plate acrylic substrate plate
- the emulsion coating composition was coated employing a curtain coater so as to obtain a dry thickness of 30 ⁇ m, while controlling the emulsion layer thickness. Further, prior to coating of the emulsion layer, a latex subbing composition was coated as an anchor layer.
- the resulting sample was brought into contact with a chrome plate negative original having a line pattern with a line width of 5 ⁇ m and lines spaced at 15 ⁇ m so that the line width of each surface becomes 1 : 1; was subjected to contact exposure employing a Dark-room Printer P-605 (manufactured by Dainippon Screen Seizo Co., Ltd.), and was processed under the conditions listed below. After drying, a tomographic picture was taken employing an electron microscope and the layer thickness was measured.
- Fig. 1 (Fig. 1 (a) is a sectional view and Fig. 1 (b) is a top view). Stripes, composed of silver image with a line width of 5 ⁇ m and a depth of 30 ⁇ m, were regularly arranged at an interval of 15 ⁇ m.
- numeral 1 is a silver image
- 2 is a transparent support of a PMMA plate (1 mm thickness)
- 3 is a backing layer
- 4 is an anchor layer.
- the transmittance of vertical incident light at a 90° angle to the support was 60%, while the transmittance of oblique light at a 30° angle to the support was 1%.
- Fig. 2 shows the relationship between a light incident angle to the 90° direction (vertical direction in Fig. 1) against the stripe of the above-mentioned light control film and the resultant light transmittance.
- the light control film having a striped silver image is readily prepared by forming a silver salt photosensitive layer on a support followed by exposure through a striped original and development.
- a silver salt photosensitive layer was coated on a transparent support and dried in the same manner as for Example 1.
- the resulting sample was exposed and processed in the same manner as for Example 1, except that instead of the striped original employed in Example 1, a negative original of a checkered pattern having a line width of 5 ⁇ m and a lines spaced at 15 ⁇ m, shown in Fig. 3, was employed, and a light control film having a checkered pattern silver image was thereby prepared.
- Fig. 4(a) and 4(b) shows the relationships between light transmittance in the vertical direction and in the horizontal direction of the checkered type light control film and the light incident angles.
- a silver salt photosensitive layer was coated on a transparent support and dried in the same manner as for Example 1.
- the resulting sample was exposed and processed in the same manner as for Example 1, except that instead of the striped original employed in Example 1, a negative original of a dot pattern shown in Fig. 5, was employed, and a light control film having a dot pattern silver image was thereby prepared.
- Figs. 6(a) and 6(b) show the relationships between light transmittance in the vertical direction and in the horizontal direction of the dot type light control film and the light incident angles, respectively.
- a silver salt photosensitive layer was coated on a transparent support and dried in the same manner as for Example 1.
- the resulting sample was exposed and processed in the same manner as for Example 1, except that instead of the striped original employed in Example 1, a negative original of a honeycomb pattern shown in Fig. 7, was employed, and a light control film having a honeycomb pattern silver image was thereby prepared.
- Figs. 8(a) and 6(b) show the relationships between light transmittance in the vertical direction and in the horizontal direction of the honeycomb type light control film and the light incident angles, respectively.
- a silver salt photosensitive layer was coated on a transparent support and dried in the same manner as for Example 1.
- the resulting sample was exposed and processed in the same manner as for Example 1, except that instead of exposing through chrome plate negative original employing a Dark-room Printer P-605, stripes were exposed by a semi-conductor laser KX-J4012 (manufactured by Matsushita Electric Co., Ltd.) to obtain a light control film having stripes.
- the similar a light control film having stripes was obtained by employing He-Ne laser GENASET (manufactured by Dainippon Screen Seizo Co., Ltd.), as an exposing means instead of the semi-conductor laser.
- He-Ne laser GENASET manufactured by Dainippon Screen Seizo Co., Ltd.
- the present invention can provide a light control film which (1) is readily produced; (2) is excellent in mechanical strength; (3) is excellent in shielding predetermined incident light and gives a clear facing scene observed through transmission; (4) enables the formation of dots, stripes, checkered or honeycomb pattern, and also a production method of the same.
Abstract
A light control film is disclosed. The light control film is
produced employing a photosensitive material having a silver
salt photosensitive layer on a transparent support. The light
control film has dots, lines, checkered or honeycomb image of
silver.
Description
The present invention relates to a light control film
which is employed to shield external light incident on the
image surface of CRTs, and a production method of the same.
Conventionally, a technique utilizing a light control
film has been known. This film exhibits properties which can
selectively scatter light having a predetermined incident
angle.
The representative production methods are disclosed in
Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-43845, and Japanese Patent
Publication Open to Public Inspection Nos. 51-44186 and 50-92751,
in which production methods associated with a louvered
plastic are described; thin transparent plates and thin
translucent or opaque plates are alternatively laminated; when
the desired thickness is obtained, the louvered plastic film
is produced by slicing the resultant assemblage into a film-like
form in the vertical direction against the lamination
direction. The resulting film transmits light parallel to the
lamination direction, while shielding oblique light to the
lamination direction. Namely, vertical incident light can be
transmitted. On the other hand, the light at more than a
predetermined angle is shielded and cannot be transmitted
because the opaque area works as a kind of a blind.
Furthermore, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-19449 and
Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public Inspection No. 58-215880
disclose that a photosensitive resin is coated on a
transparent support; relief of dots, stripes or a checkered
pattern is formed employing light irradiation and a light
control film is produced by dyeing the relief with a dye.
Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public Inspection No.
6-11606 describes that a resin composition comprising a
plurality of compounds having a polymerizing double bond in a
molecule with different refractive index is sustained in a
film-like form and a light control film is produced in such a
manner that in a first process, the composition is hardened by
irradiating ultraviolet radiation from a first direction and
in a second process, the above-mentioned resin composition is
sustained in a film-like form on the resulting hardened
composition and is hardened by irradiating it with ultraviolet
radiation from a second direction.
However, the production methods according to the
conventional technology exhibit the following problems. In the
technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-43845,
and Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public
Inspection Nos. 51-44186 and 50-92751, opaque portions and
transparent portions are laminated to a predetermined
thickness and when the lamination reaches the predetermined
thickness, a light control film is produced by slicing the
resultant assemblage to a film-like form. Furthermore, after
lamination, a desired film is produced employing another
process. This causes the process to become excessively
complex which markedly increases the cost.
Furthermore, the technology disclosed in Japanese Patent
Publication No. 2-19449 and Japanese Patent Publication Open
to Public Inspection No. 58-215880 is that a relief image is
formed employing the photosensitive resin on a transparent
support and a predetermined incident light can be shielded by
the relief image. However, because the relief image is finely
structured, it results in defects such as low mechanical
strength.
The technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication
Open to Public Inspection No. 6-11606 depends on shielding of
oblique incident light formed by reflection and scattering to
result in defects such that light cannot be perfectly shielded.
The light control film can be produced by: (1) a skiving
method in which thin transparent plates and thin translucent
or opaque plates are alternatively laminated and when the
desired thickness is obtained, the resulting lamination is
sliced into a film-like form in the vertical direction against
the lamination direction; (2) a method in which a relief image
is formed employing a photosensitive resin on a transparent
support; or (3) a method in which polymerizing compounds
having differing refractive indexes are formed into a film-like
form and is subjected to light irradiation from two
directions. However, the light control films produced by these
methods result in defects such that firstly, production is
rather complicated; secondly, the mechanical strength is low,
and thirdly, shielding predetermined incident light is not
sufficient and other shortcomings.
An object of the present invention is to provide a light
control film which, firstly, is readily produced; secondly, is
excellent in mechanical strength; thirdly, is excellent in
shielding of predetermined incident light and exhibits a clear
facing scene observed through transmission, and fourthly,
enables formation of patterns such as dots, stripes, checks or
honeycomb, and a production method of the same.
The present invention and its embodiments are described.
A light control film comprises a transparent support and
a layer having silver image.
The light control film may be produced employing a
photosensitive material having a transparent support
comprising thereon a silver salt photosensitive layer.
In the light control film transmittance of vertical
incident light is preferably not less than 40% and
transmittance of 30° oblique light is preferably not more than
20%.
The light control film has preferably dots, stripes, a
checkered pattern or a honeycomb pattern.
The light control film has the dots, stripes, checkered
pattern or honeycomb pattern preferably formed with silver.
The light control film is prepared by exposing a silver
salt photosensitive material through a mask or exposing
imagewise using laser light, and processing the exposed silver
salt photosensitive material of development and fixing.
A silver salt photosensitive layer is coated on a
transparent support plate, and is subjected to light exposure
of dots, stripes or a checkered pattern, followed by
development and fixing to obtain a light control film having a
silver image on the transparent support plate. The light
control film composed of the silver salt photosensitive layer,
when compared to the skiving method, shows that the production
is easy and a pattern such as dots, stripes, or a checkered
pattern is readily prepared. Furthermore, the light control
film exhibits a feature of higher mechanical strength than the
light control film produced employing a relief image made of a
photosensitive resin. This is due to the fact that the light
control film produced by forming a relief image employing a
photosensitive resin has a finely structured relief image and
when force is applied to the relief image, the relief image is
collapsed or crushed, On the contrary, when silver salt
photosensitive layer is employed the silver salt
photosensitive layer, the relief image is not collapsed nor
crushed.
Furthermore, when dots, stripes or a checkered pattern
is formed with black silver image, the specified incident
light can be shielded completely.
As mentioned above, the light control film employing the
sliver halide photosensitive layer exhibits excellent
advantages which can not be obtained by the conventional
technology.
As for the transparent support various types of
materials mentioned below are available.
Materials for the transparent support include
transparent glass, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), triacetyl
cellulose, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate,
polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, acetyl cellulose,
polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene vinyl acetate,
polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, etc. The
thickness is generally between 1 to 10 mm. In the case of
plastics, a film or sheet generally having a thickness of not
less than 20 µ and preferably a thickness of not less than 50
µ can be employed.
Of these, transparent glass, polymethyl methacrylate
(PMMA), polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, etc. are
preferred, in terms of ease of handling.
Furthermore, as for the silver salt emulsion to form the
silver salt photosensitive layer, silver chloride emulsion,
silver chlorobromide emulsion, silver chloroiodide emulsion,
silver iodobromide emulsion, silver chloroiodobromide emulsion,
etc. are available.
In order to make the finished silver pattern as fine and
accurate as possible, fine silver halide grains are preferable.
The grain size of the silver halide grain is not more than 0.5
µm and preferably not more than 0.2 µm. Furthermore, the
distribution of the grain size is preferably as narrow as
possible. Among so-called Lippmann type emulsions or
photosensitive materials for graphic art, there exist
emulsions suitably used.
"Transmittance of vertical incident light is not less
than 40%" means that not less than 40% of light vertically
incident on the surface of the light control film is
transmitted. "Transmittance of 30° oblique light is not more
than 20%" means that when the angle of the incident light to
the surface of the film is 30°, the transmittance of the light
is not more than 20%. Further, when this value varies in
accordance with the direction of the incident light, the
minimum transmittance should be not more than 20%. Still
further, as mentioned below, it is possible to intentionally
change the light transmittance from such oblique direction by
varying the stripe width formed on the surface of a light
control film in the upward or downward direction or in the
right or left direction.
In regard to the silver image pattern prepared on a
transparent support, either dots, stripes, a checkered pattern
or a honeycomb pattern are acceptable.
In order to draw these patterns, methods may be
preferably employed in which pattern exposure is carried out
through a mask or a pattern is drawn employing laser beam
exposure to form a latent image of these patterns.
The prepared latent image pattern is visualized through
development and fixing followed by washing and drying, and
thus a light control film can be prepared. As photographic
processes, various types of modified processes, such as a
monobath processing method, a washless method, etc. may be
employed, if the transparency, storage stability, etc. are
assured.
Silver halide emulsions employed for the silver salt
photosensitive layer may be prepared employing any of several
methods such as: acid methods, neutral methods, or ammonia
methods. The grain size is preferably between 0.02 and 0.2 µm.
The silver halide grain of the emulsionmay be subjected
to incorporation in the interior of the grain and/or on the
surface of the grain, of water-soluble rhodium salts and
water-soluble iridium salts which are added during the grain
forming process. The added amount is preferably between 10-6
and 10-9 mole per mole of silver halide.
Furthermore, if desired, silver halide dissolving agents
such as thioether, etc. or crystal habit control agents such
as mercapto group-containing compounds or sensitizing dyes may
be employed.
The silver halide grains may be those having a uniform
silver halide composition distribution in the grain or
core/shell grains having the silver halide composition of the
interior of the grain different from that of the surface layer.
The shape of the silver halide grain is optional. One
of the preferred examples is a cubic form having a (100) plane
as the crystal surface. Furthermore, according to methods
described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,183,756 and 4,225,666; Japanese
Patent Publication Open to Public Inspection No. 55-26589;
Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-42737, etc. and
publications such as The Journal of Photographic Science,
Volume 21, page 39 (1973), etc., octahedron, tetradecahedron,
dodecahedron, etc. grains can be prepared and employed.
Furthermore, grains having twin planes may also be employed.
The silver halide grains consisting of a single shape
may be employed or a mixture of grains having various shapes
are acceptable. Silver halide emulsions are individually
prepared and two or more emulsions may be mixed and employed.
Howeve, a monodispersed emulsion is preferably employed.
In regard to the monodispersed silver halide grains in
the monodispersed emulsion, a silver halide weight contained
in the range of ± 20% of the average grain size "r" is
preferably not less than 60%, more preferably not less than
70%, and still more preferably not less than 80%.
The grain size herein designates, when the silver grain
is spherical, the diameter, and when the silver grain is not
spherical, the diameter of the circle obtained by converting
the projected image to an equivalent circular area image.
The grain size may be obtained, for example, by
enlarging the above-mentioned grain from 10,000 to 50,000
times employing an electron microscope and practically
measuring the diameter of the circular grain image on a
photographic print or calculating the diameter from the area
of the projected grain image.
The particularly preferred high grade monodispersed
emulsion exhibits a degree of monodispersibility of not more
than 20 and more preferably not more than 15, which is defined
by the following formula.
Degree of monodispersibility = standard deviation of
grain size/average grain size
The monosispersed emulsion can be prepared in reference
to Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public Inspection Nos.
54-48521, 58-49938, and 60-122935.
The photosensitive silver halide emulsion may undergo no
chemical ripening and may be employed as being a so-called
primitive emulsion. However, the emulsion generally undergoes
chemical ripening.
Employed for the chemical sensitization, can be methods
described in books written by Glafkides or Zelikman et al., or
"Die Grundlagen der Photographischen Prozesse mit
Silberhalogeniden", Editor, Frieser, Akademische
Verlagsgesellschaft, 1968.
Namely, the following methods can be employed: sulfur
sensitization utilizing compounds comprising sulfur capable of
reacting with silver ions and active gelatin; reduction
sensitization utilizing reducing compounds; and a method
utilizing gold and other noble metal compounds. In the sulfur
sensitization, thiosulfate salts, thioureas, thiazoles,
rhodanines and other compounds can be employed. These specific
examples are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,574,944, 2,410,689,
2,278,947, 2,728,668, and 3,656,955. Employed as the reduction
sensitizers, can be stannous salts, amines, hydrazine
derivatives, formamidisulfinic acid, silane compounds, etc.
These specific examples are described in U.S. Pat. Nos.
2,487,850, 2,419,974, 2,518,698, 2,983,609, 2,983,610, and
2,694,637. For the noble metal sensitization, in addition to
gold complexes, complexes of metals such as platinum, iridium,
palladium, etc. in Periodic Table VII Group can be employed.
These specific examples are described in U.S. Pat. Nos.
2,399,083, 2,448,060, and U.K. Patent No. 618,061, etc.
Furthermore, conditions of pH, pAg, temperature, etc.
are selected arbitrary. The pH is preferably kept to be
between 4 and 9; more preferably between 5 and 8, while pAg is
kept to be between 5 and 11, and preferably between 7 and 9.
Furthermore, the desirable temperature is between 40 and 90 °C
and preferably between 45 and 75 °C.
The photographic emulsion may undergo combinations of
the above mentioned sulfur sensitization, gold-sulfur
sensitization, reduction sensitization employing reducing
compounds, noble metal sensitization, employing noble metals,
etc.
In the embodiments of the present invention, after the
above-mentioned chemical sensitization, there may be employed
various stabilizers such as, for example, 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene,
5-mercapto-1-phenylterazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole,
etc.
The emulsion may be subjected to either removal or
retention of unnecessary water-soluble salts after completing
the growth of silver halide grains. The removal of the above-mentioned
salts can be carried out based on the method
described in Research Disclosure No. 17643.
In order to prevent the decrease in sensitivity and
prevent the formation of fog during production process,
storage and processing of silver halide light-sensitive
photographic materials, various additive can be added to the
photographic emulsion. Namely, there may be added various
compounds known as stabilizers such as, azoles, for example,
benzothiazolium salts; nitroindazoles; triazoles;
benzotriazoles; benzimidazoles (especially, nitro- or halogen
substituents); heterocyclic mercapto compounds such as, for
example, mercaptothiazoles; mercaptonenzimidazoles;
mercaptotetrazoles (especially, 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole);
mercaptopyridines; the above-mentioned heterocyclic compounds
having a water-soluble group such as a carboxyl group, a
sulfone group, etc.; mercapto compounds; thioketo compounds
such as, for example, oxazolithion; azaindenes such as, for
example, tetraazaindenes (especially, 4-hydroxy substituted
(1,3,3a,7)tetraazaindenes); benzenethiosulfonic acids;
benzenesulfinic acid; etc.
One example of the employable compound is described in K.
Mees, "The Theory of the Photographic Process", Third Edition,
1966 in which original references are cited. In regard to more
detailed specific examples and other application methods on
these compounds, descriptions in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,954,474,
3,982,947, 4,021,248 or Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-28660
can be referred to.
Furthermore, the light control film can be comprised, in
a photographic constitution layer, of alkylacrylate series
latex described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,411,911, 3,411,912 and
Japanese Patent Publication No. 45-5331.
The silver salt photosensitive layer may be comprised of
various kinds of additives such as mentioned below. Thickening
agents or plasticizers include, for example, styrene-sodium
maleate copolymers, dextran sulfate, etc. which are, for
example, described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,960,404; Japanese Patent
Publication No. 43-4939; West German Patent Publication No.
1,904,604; Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public
Inspection No. 48-63715; Belgian Patent No. 762,833; U.S. Pat.
No. 3,767,410; Belgian Patent No. 588,143. Hardening agents
include various types of hardening agents such as the aldehyde
series, epoxy series, ethyleneimine series, active halogen
series, vinylsulfone series, isocyanate series, sulfonic acid
ester series, carbodiimide series, mucochloric acid series,
acyloyl series, etc. UV absorbers include compounds described
in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3253,921 and U.K. Patent No.
1,309,349, such as, particularly, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5-tertiarybutylphenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-ditertiarybutylphenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(2-hydroxy-3'-tertiarybutyl-5'-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole,
2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tertiarybutylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole,
etc. Surface active agents employed as coating aids,
emulsifying agents, penetration improving agents for
processing solutions etc., anti-forming agents, or agents
employed to improve various physical properties of
photosensitive materials include anionic, cationic, nonionic
or amphoteric compounds described in U.K. Patent Nos. 548,532,
and 1,216,389; U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,026,202 and 3,514,293;
Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 44-26580, 43-17922, 43-17926,
43-3166, and 48-20785; French Patent No. 202,588; Belgian
Patent No. 773,459; Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public
Inspection No. 48-101118, etc., and of these, particularly,
anionic surface active agents having a sulfonic group, for
example, succinic acid ester sulfonic compounds,
alkylbenzenesulfonic compounds, etc. are preferred. Antistatic
agents include compounds described in Japanese Patent
Publication No. 46-24159; Japanese Patent Publication Open to
Public Inspection No. 48-89979; U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,882,157 and
2,972,535; Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public
Inspection Nos. 48-20785, 48-43130, and 48-90391; Japanese
Patent Publication Nos. 46-24159, 46-39312, 48-43809, and 47-33627.
In the light control film production method, the pH of
the coating composition is preferably 5.3 to 7.5. In the case
of a multilayer coating, the pH of the coating composition
prepared by mixing each coating composition in the ratio of
the coated amounts is preferably 5.3 to 7.5, in view of
suitable speed of hardening and desirable photographic
performance.
The layer of the light control film may comprise
lubricants such as, for example, higher aliphatic higher
alcohol esters described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,588,756, and
3,121,060; casein described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,295,979; higher
aliphatic calcium salts described in U.K. Patent No.
1,263,722; silicone compounds described in U.K. Patent No.
1,313,384, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,042,522 and 3,489,567. Liquid
paraffin dispersion and the like may be employed for this
purpose.
The light control film can furthermore comprise various
additives in order to meet the specified requirements. These
additives are described in more detail in Research Disclosure
(RD) Volume 176, Item 17643 (December 1978) and Volume 187,
Item 18716 (November 1979). The corresponding items are
summarized below.
Type of Additives | RD Item 17643 | RD Item 18716 |
1. Chemical Sensitizers | page 23 | page 648 right column |
2. Sensitizers | page 648 right column | |
3. Spectral Sensitizers, Super Sensitizers | pages 23-24 | page 648 right column - page 649 |
4. Brighteners | page 24 | |
5. Antifoggants and Stabilizers | pages 24-25 | page 649 right column |
6. Light Absorbing Agents, Filter Dyes, UV Absorbers | pages 25-26 | page 649 right column - page 650 left column |
7. Stain Inhibiting Agents | page 25 right column | page 650 left column - right column |
8. Dye Image Stabilizing Agents | page 25 | |
9. Hardeners | page 26 | page 651 |
10. Binders | page 26 | page 651 left column |
11. Plasticizers, Lubricants | page 27 | page 650 right column |
12. Coating Aids, Surface Active Agents | pages 26-27 | page 650 right column |
13. Antistatic Agents | page 27 | page 650 right column |
The light control film exposed to image pattern is
processed in usual developing process and various methods can
be employed. It is processed at generally 18 to 50 °C.
As preferable examples of developing agent used in the
black and white developer, dihydroxybenzens (e.g.
hydroquinone), 3-pyrazolidones (e.g. 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone),
aminophenols (e.g. N-metyl-p-aminophenol), etc. can be
employed individually or in combination.
The silver salt photosensitive layer can be constituted
with at least one silver halide emulsion layer on a
transparent support, and other suitable layers, if desired,
for example, a protective layer, etc., on the silver halide
emulsion layer.
In the silver salt photosensitive layers, a backing
layer comprising a light-absorbing dye can be provided on the
reverse surface of the silver halide emulsion layer. The
light-absorbing dye can be selected from optional dyes.
In the photographic processing of the silver salt
photosensitive layer, the layer can be processed by a
developer comprising any of imidazoles as a silver halide-dissolving
agent. Furthermore, it can be processed by a
developer comprising additives such as indazole, triazole,
etc., together with the silver halide-dissolving agent. In
addition to these, the developer generally comprises various
types of preserving agents, alkali agents, pH buffering agents,
antifoggants, etc. and further, may comprise dissolving aids,
toning agents, development accelerators, surface active agents,
antifoaming agents, water softeners, hardeners, thickeners,
etc., if desired.
Furthermore, a so-called "lith type" photographic
processing can be carried out. As the special system of the
photographic processing, a developing agent is incorporated in
a photosensitive material, for example in an emulsion layer,
and development may be carried out employing an aqueous alkali
solution. Of developing agents, hydrophobic ones can be
incorporated in the emulsion layer employing methods described
in Research Disclosure Item 169, etc. Such development
processing may be combined with a silver salt stabilizing
processing utilizing thiocyanate salts.
As a fixer, those having compositions used in general
practices can be employed. The fixer may comprise water-soluble
aluminum salts as a hardening agent.
Exposure on the photographic emulsion depends on the
chemical sensitization status, purposes, etc. Many types of
light sources are adequately employed such as tungsten lamps,
fluorescent lamps, arc lamps, mercury lamps, xenon sun light
lamps, xenon flash lamps, cathode-ray tube flying spot, laser
beam sources, electron beam tubes, X-ray tubes, fluorescent
screens used for X-ray exposure, and the like.
Ordinary exposure time is between 1/1,000 to 100 seconds.
In addition, short exposure time between 1/10-4 and 1/10-9 is
available with xenon flash lamps, cathode ray tubes, and laser
beam sources.
In the following, the present invention is explained in
detail with reference to Examples.
A Lippmann type silver halide emulsion with an average
grain size of 0.05 µm, composed of 4 mole percent silver
iodide and 96 mole percent silver bromide underwent physical
ripening and salt removal according to a conventional method
and underwent chemical ripening with the addition of 1.0 × 10-4
mole of sodium thiosulfate and 1.0 × 10-4 mole of chloroauric
acid per mole of Ag at 60 °C for 60 minutes. An emulsion layer
coating composition was prepared by the addition of 500 mg of
S-1 as a sensitizing dye per mole of Ag; 1.0 g and 0.2 g of F-1
and F-2 respectively as antiirradiation agents per mole of
Ag; 10 mg and 1 g of H-1 and H-1 respectively as hardeners per
g of gelatin; 2 g of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene
as a stabilizer per mole of Ag; 200 mg of 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole
as an antifoggant per mole of Ag; 2
g of C-1 as a surface active agent per mole of Ag, and a
polymer latex.
The backing layer was formed by coating the backing
composition on an acrylic substrate plate (PMMA plate) of a
thickness of 1 mm employing a napkin coater so as to obtain a
thickness of 8 µm.
The emulsion coating composition was coated employing a
curtain coater so as to obtain a dry thickness of 30 µm, while
controlling the emulsion layer thickness. Further, prior to
coating of the emulsion layer, a latex subbing composition was
coated as an anchor layer.
The resulting sample was brought into contact with a
chrome plate negative original having a line pattern with a
line width of 5 µm and lines spaced at 15 µm so that the line
width of each surface becomes 1 : 1; was subjected to contact
exposure employing a Dark-room Printer P-605 (manufactured by
Dainippon Screen Seizo Co., Ltd.), and was processed under the
conditions listed below. After drying, a tomographic picture
was taken employing an electron microscope and the layer
thickness was measured.
As a developer, CDH-100, and as a fixer, CFL-881 (both
manufactured by Konica Corp.) were employed. A 3% acetic acid
solution was employed as a stop bath.
Step | Temperature (°C) | Time (seconds) |
| 20 | 300 |
| 20 | 30 |
| 20 | 180 |
Wash | Room temperature | 600 (10 minutes) |
The structure of the resulting light control film was as
shown in Fig. 1 (Fig. 1 (a) is a sectional view and Fig. 1 (b)
is a top view). Stripes, composed of silver image with a line
width of 5 µm and a depth of 30 µm, were regularly arranged at
an interval of 15 µm.
In Fig. 1(a) and Fig. 1(b) numeral 1 is a silver image;
2 is a transparent support of a PMMA plate (1 mm thickness); 3
is a backing layer, and 4 is an anchor layer.
Furthermore, the properties of this light control film
were as follows.
The transmittance of vertical incident light at a 90°
angle to the support was 60%, while the transmittance of
oblique light at a 30° angle to the support was 1%.
Fig. 2 shows the relationship between a light incident
angle to the 90° direction (vertical direction in Fig. 1)
against the stripe of the above-mentioned light control film
and the resultant light transmittance.
Based on the above results, it has been found that the
light control film having a striped silver image is readily
prepared by forming a silver salt photosensitive layer on a
support followed by exposure through a striped original and
development.
A silver salt photosensitive layer was coated on a
transparent support and dried in the same manner as for
Example 1. The resulting sample was exposed and processed in
the same manner as for Example 1, except that instead of the
striped original employed in Example 1, a negative original of
a checkered pattern having a line width of 5 µm and a lines
spaced at 15 µm, shown in Fig. 3, was employed, and a light
control film having a checkered pattern silver image was
thereby prepared.
Fig. 4(a) and 4(b) shows the relationships between light
transmittance in the vertical direction and in the horizontal
direction of the checkered type light control film and the
light incident angles.
Based on the above results, it is found that when a
checkered pattern original is employed, a light control film
having a checkered pattern silver image is prepared which can
readily vary the light transmittance in the vertical direction
and the horizontal direction.
A silver salt photosensitive layer was coated on a
transparent support and dried in the same manner as for
Example 1. The resulting sample was exposed and processed in
the same manner as for Example 1, except that instead of the
striped original employed in Example 1, a negative original of
a dot pattern shown in Fig. 5, was employed, and a light
control film having a dot pattern silver image was thereby
prepared.
Figs. 6(a) and 6(b) show the relationships between light
transmittance in the vertical direction and in the horizontal
direction of the dot type light control film and the light
incident angles, respectively.
A silver salt photosensitive layer was coated on a
transparent support and dried in the same manner as for
Example 1. The resulting sample was exposed and processed in
the same manner as for Example 1, except that instead of the
striped original employed in Example 1, a negative original of
a honeycomb pattern shown in Fig. 7, was employed, and a light
control film having a honeycomb pattern silver image was
thereby prepared.
Figs. 8(a) and 6(b) show the relationships between light
transmittance in the vertical direction and in the horizontal
direction of the honeycomb type light control film and the
light incident angles, respectively.
A silver salt photosensitive layer was coated on a
transparent support and dried in the same manner as for
Example 1. The resulting sample was exposed and processed in
the same manner as for Example 1, except that instead of
exposing through chrome plate negative original employing a
Dark-room Printer P-605, stripes were exposed by a semi-conductor
laser KX-J4012 (manufactured by Matsushita Electric
Co., Ltd.) to obtain a light control film having stripes.
The similar a light control film having stripes was
obtained by employing He-Ne laser GENASET (manufactured by
Dainippon Screen Seizo Co., Ltd.), as an exposing means
instead of the semi-conductor laser.
Based on the above results, it is found that when a
checkered pattern original is employed, a light control film
having a checkered pattern silver image is prepared which can
readily vary the light transmittance in the vertical direction
and the horizontal direction.
The present invention can provide a light control film
which (1) is readily produced; (2) is excellent in mechanical
strength; (3) is excellent in shielding predetermined incident
light and gives a clear facing scene observed through
transmission; (4) enables the formation of dots, stripes,
checkered or honeycomb pattern, and also a production method
of the same.
Claims (9)
- A light control film comprising a transparent support and a layer having silver image.
- The light control film of Claim 1 wherein the silver image is dots, stripes or a checkered pattern or a honeycomb pattern.
- The light control film of Claim 2 wherein the silver image is stripes or a checkered pattern.
- The light control film of Claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the silver image is formed by developing light sensitive silver salt.
- The light control film of Claim 4 wherein the light sensitive silver salt is light sensitive silver halide.
- The light control film of Claims 1 to 5, wherein transmittance of vertical incident light is not less than 40 % and transmittance of 30° oblique light is not more than 20 %.
- A preparation method of a light control film comprisingimagewise exposing a silver halide light sensitive material, anddeveloping, and fixing the exposed silver halide light sensitive material.
- The method of Claim 7, wherein image is exposed through pattern mask.
- The method of Claim 7 or 8, wherein image is exposed by means of laser light.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP17385597 | 1997-06-30 | ||
JP173855/97 | 1997-06-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0889357A1 true EP0889357A1 (en) | 1999-01-07 |
Family
ID=15968405
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP98111793A Withdrawn EP0889357A1 (en) | 1997-06-30 | 1998-06-26 | Light control film and a production method of the same |
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EP1781077A1 (en) * | 2004-06-23 | 2007-05-02 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Transparent electromagnetic shielding film and method for producing same |
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FR2366688A1 (en) * | 1976-09-30 | 1978-04-28 | Siemens Ag | Translucent display screen for CRT - has micro-grid bonded or printed on to surface to transmit clear display and eliminate external reflection |
FR2534032A1 (en) * | 1982-10-05 | 1984-04-06 | Thomson Csf | Directional optical filter, method for obtaining it and use on an airborne indicating instrument. |
GB2188446A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1987-09-30 | Slettemoen Gudmunn | Image detector with wave-front converter to reduce undesirable reflections |
EP0615161A1 (en) * | 1993-03-11 | 1994-09-14 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Multicolor liquid crystal display and production thereof |
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FR2806243A1 (en) * | 2000-03-09 | 2001-09-14 | Francois Giry | Back projector/cathode ray tube/plasma screen harmful light diffusing waffle screen with geometric shapes smoothing light pulses/separating harmful radiation. |
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