EP0886287A2 - Bushing insulator - Google Patents

Bushing insulator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0886287A2
EP0886287A2 EP98660046A EP98660046A EP0886287A2 EP 0886287 A2 EP0886287 A2 EP 0886287A2 EP 98660046 A EP98660046 A EP 98660046A EP 98660046 A EP98660046 A EP 98660046A EP 0886287 A2 EP0886287 A2 EP 0886287A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuse
cast resin
primary current
current conductor
cast
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98660046A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0886287B1 (en
EP0886287A3 (en
Inventor
Vesa Virtanen
Tapani Tiitola
Jorma Jokinen
Esa Virtanen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Technology AG
Original Assignee
ABB Transmit Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Transmit Oy filed Critical ABB Transmit Oy
Publication of EP0886287A2 publication Critical patent/EP0886287A2/en
Publication of EP0886287A3 publication Critical patent/EP0886287A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0886287B1 publication Critical patent/EP0886287B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H01F27/402—Association of measuring or protective means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/005—Insulators structurally associated with built-in electrical equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/02—Casings
    • H01F27/04—Leading of conductors or axles through casings, e.g. for tap-changing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H2085/0225—Means for preventing discharge, e.g. corona ring

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bushing insulator or other corresponding component, comprising an end-to-end primary current conductor and a longitudinal frame cast of cast resin around the primary current conductor.
  • Bushing insulators are used e.g. in distribution transformers to connect a winding arranged within the transformer housing through the transformer housing to an external electric power system.
  • Fuse protection is typically used in distribution transformers against damage to the transformer coils. Fuse protection prevents transformer malfunction from causing long voltage breaks in the distribution network or the bus-bar system of a switch gear, since the network can be kept live during the time required for finding the fault and preparing to replace the transformer.
  • a high voltage fuse can be placed within the transformer housing.
  • the problem in this solution is the space required by the fuse, on account of which the dimensions of the transformer housing have to be changed in view of standard solutions.
  • a known solution to avoid the above problem related to increasing the size of the transformer housing is to use a porcelain bushing insulator and arrange an exchangeable fuse therein.
  • an insulating liquid which accordingly fills the transformer, also fills the free space left around the high voltage fuse within the bushing insulator.
  • the insulator has to comprise an arrangement for air removal, since the air remaining within the insulator will cause partial discharge to occur within the bushing insulator.
  • the risk involved in this kind of porcelain bushing insulators, filled with insulating material and having an exchangeable fuse arranged therein, is that when they are broken, the liquid used as the insulating material leaks out causing environmental problems and fire risks, for example.
  • the bushing insulator of the invention which is characterized in that the primary current conductor comprises a fuse which is at least partly left within the cast resin when casting the frame, and that the part of the fuse remaining within the cast resin upon casting the frame is encapsulated in a layer of rubber or other corresponding material which in turn is encapsulated in a semiconducting layer.
  • the invention also relates to a bushing insulator or other corresponding component, characterized in that the primary current conductor comprises a fuse which is at least partly left within the cast resin when casting the housing, and that the part of the fuse remaining within the cast resin upon casting the frame is encapsulated in a layer of semiconducting rubber or other corresponding semiconducting material.
  • the preferred embodiment of the bushing insulator or other corresponding component of the invention is further characterized in that the part of the fuse remaining within the cast resin upon casting the housing is encapsulated in a layer of semiconducting rubber or other corresponding semiconducting material.
  • An alternative structure solution is to encapsulate the part of the fuse remaining within the cast resin upon casting the housing in a layer of rubber or other corresponding material which is encapsulated in a semiconducting layer. Because it is flexible, the rubber or other corresponding material is able to receive the tensions caused by the shrinkage of the cast resin, and consequently prevent the fuse itself from being broken because of said tensions.
  • the semiconductivity of the material or the semiconducting layer serves, in turn, to keep the electric field in the insulation gap, i.e. within the cast resin, and thus prevent partial discharge from occurring either in the air possibly remaining within the closed-cell rubber cells or in the space possibly remaining between the fuse and the layer made of rubber or other corresponding material.
  • the figure in the attached drawing shows an exemplary embodiment of the bushing insulator of the invention in partial cross-section.
  • the insulator shown in the figure comprises a primary current conductor 1, extending throughout the insulator.
  • An insulator frame 2 is cast of cast resin 3 around the primary current conductor 1. Since the exemplary embodiment shown in the figure is intended for outdoor use, the frame 2 is provided in a conventional manner with flanging which serves to prevent leakage currents along the insulator surface from the primary current conductor 1 to the supporting structure (not shown) of the insulator, such as a transformer housing.
  • the insulator shown in the figure is intended to rest on the supporting structure from below a sturdy flange 7 at the vicinity of its one end.
  • part of the primary current conductor 1 is composed of a fuse 4, for the most part cast within the cast resin 3.
  • the fuse is connected to the rest of the primary current conductor by tinning at a metal cap at its upper end.
  • Part of the fuse 4 projects outwardly from the lower end of the insulator frame 2.
  • the fuse typically having a ceramic frame, the fuse has been encapsulated in a layer 6 of rubber or other corresponding material before casting in the cast resin 3. This rubber layer 6 serves to receive the compressive stress exerted on the fuse upon shrinkage of the cast resin.
  • an air layer may remain between the rubber layer 6 and the fuse 4 and could cause partial discharge to occur.
  • a semiconducting layer such as a paper 5
  • partial discharge can be avoided since the electric field between the primary current conductor 1 and the supporting structure of the insulator keeps acting between said semiconducting layer 5 and the supporting structure, i.e. expressly over the cast resin 3.
  • the semiconducting layer 5 when connecting in parallel with the fuse, partially short circuits the fuse, the short circuit is, however, so insignificant that the fuse still operates correctly, i.e. blows at fault currents caused e.g. by a fault in the coil of the distribution transformer.
  • the semiconducting layer 5 in parallel with the fuse, also causes the other end of the fuse to stay live, and a low leakage current still flows although the fuse is blown.
  • a fault current is so low that it has no significance as regards the actual protective function, and perfect fault separation is thus not required.
  • the high voltage bushing insulator shown in the figure comprises a field controller, in practice a metal cylinder, disposed within the cast resin 3, at the point where the bushing insulator is e.g. by the wall of the housing of the distribution transformer.
  • this field controller is denoted by reference 8.
  • the field controller 8 can be earthed by earth conductors which can be coupled to screw holes 9.
  • the fuse is not exchangeable.
  • the fuse is dimensioned such that it blows only in case of transformer malfunction, so that the higher cost caused by exchanging the entire bushing insulator as compared with exchanging only the fuse is not significant when proportioned to the total cost caused by exchanging the entire transformer.
  • the arrangement of the invention for casting the fuse within cast resin by using a layer of rubber or corresponding material and a semiconducting layer, or alternatively, a layer of semiconducting rubber or other corresponding semiconducting material, to receive the compressive forces around the fuse is also very well suitable for use in association with this component.
  • a voltage transformer fuse is typically so dimensioned that is blows only in transformer malfunction.
  • the fuse can be cast fixedly within the transformer frame by the arrangement of the invention. This is a way of avoiding the solution used in conventional voltage transformers, in which the fuse is provided with a separate chamber comprising a fuse holder for connecting the fuse as a part of the primary current conductor. It is now possible to leave out the relatively expensive fuse holder.
  • the joint which is susceptible to corrosion under unfavourable circumstances, but difficult to check, can also be left out.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Transformers For Measuring Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

A bushing insulator or other corresponding component, comprising an end-to-end primary current conductor (1) and a frame (2) cast of cast resin (3) around the primary current conductor. In accordance with the invention, the primary current conductor (1) comprises a fuse (4) which is at least partly left within the cast resin (3) when casting the frame (2). The part of the fuse (4) remaining within the cast resin (3) is encapsulated in a layer (6) of rubber or other corresponding material which in turn is encapsulated in a semiconducting layer (5).

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a bushing insulator or other corresponding component, comprising an end-to-end primary current conductor and a longitudinal frame cast of cast resin around the primary current conductor.
Bushing insulators are used e.g. in distribution transformers to connect a winding arranged within the transformer housing through the transformer housing to an external electric power system. Fuse protection is typically used in distribution transformers against damage to the transformer coils. Fuse protection prevents transformer malfunction from causing long voltage breaks in the distribution network or the bus-bar system of a switch gear, since the network can be kept live during the time required for finding the fault and preparing to replace the transformer.
In distribution transformers, a high voltage fuse can be placed within the transformer housing. The problem in this solution is the space required by the fuse, on account of which the dimensions of the transformer housing have to be changed in view of standard solutions.
A known solution to avoid the above problem related to increasing the size of the transformer housing is to use a porcelain bushing insulator and arrange an exchangeable fuse therein. In filling a transformer, an insulating liquid, which accordingly fills the transformer, also fills the free space left around the high voltage fuse within the bushing insulator. In order to lead the insulating liquid to said free space, the insulator has to comprise an arrangement for air removal, since the air remaining within the insulator will cause partial discharge to occur within the bushing insulator. The risk involved in this kind of porcelain bushing insulators, filled with insulating material and having an exchangeable fuse arranged therein, is that when they are broken, the liquid used as the insulating material leaks out causing environmental problems and fire risks, for example.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The above problems can be solved by the bushing insulator of the invention, which is characterized in that the primary current conductor comprises a fuse which is at least partly left within the cast resin when casting the frame, and that the part of the fuse remaining within the cast resin upon casting the frame is encapsulated in a layer of rubber or other corresponding material which in turn is encapsulated in a semiconducting layer.
The invention also relates to a bushing insulator or other corresponding component, characterized in that the primary current conductor comprises a fuse which is at least partly left within the cast resin when casting the housing, and that the part of the fuse remaining within the cast resin upon casting the frame is encapsulated in a layer of semiconducting rubber or other corresponding semiconducting material.
In order for the shrinkage of the cast resin in casting the frame not to cause the fuse such high tensions that would cause the fuse to be broken, the preferred embodiment of the bushing insulator or other corresponding component of the invention is further characterized in that the part of the fuse remaining within the cast resin upon casting the housing is encapsulated in a layer of semiconducting rubber or other corresponding semiconducting material. An alternative structure solution is to encapsulate the part of the fuse remaining within the cast resin upon casting the housing in a layer of rubber or other corresponding material which is encapsulated in a semiconducting layer. Because it is flexible, the rubber or other corresponding material is able to receive the tensions caused by the shrinkage of the cast resin, and consequently prevent the fuse itself from being broken because of said tensions. The semiconductivity of the material or the semiconducting layer serves, in turn, to keep the electric field in the insulation gap, i.e. within the cast resin, and thus prevent partial discharge from occurring either in the air possibly remaining within the closed-cell rubber cells or in the space possibly remaining between the fuse and the layer made of rubber or other corresponding material.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
In the following the bushing insulator of the invention will be described in greater detail with reference to the attached drawing, in which the figure shows an exemplary embodiment of the bushing insulator of the invention in partial cross-section.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The figure in the attached drawing shows an exemplary embodiment of the bushing insulator of the invention in partial cross-section. The insulator shown in the figure comprises a primary current conductor 1, extending throughout the insulator. An insulator frame 2 is cast of cast resin 3 around the primary current conductor 1. Since the exemplary embodiment shown in the figure is intended for outdoor use, the frame 2 is provided in a conventional manner with flanging which serves to prevent leakage currents along the insulator surface from the primary current conductor 1 to the supporting structure (not shown) of the insulator, such as a transformer housing. The insulator shown in the figure is intended to rest on the supporting structure from below a sturdy flange 7 at the vicinity of its one end.
In the bushing insulator of the figure, part of the primary current conductor 1 is composed of a fuse 4, for the most part cast within the cast resin 3. The fuse is connected to the rest of the primary current conductor by tinning at a metal cap at its upper end. Part of the fuse 4 projects outwardly from the lower end of the insulator frame 2. In order for the cast resin 3 cast around the fuse 4 not to break the fuse 4 during post-cast shrinkage, the fuse typically having a ceramic frame, the fuse has been encapsulated in a layer 6 of rubber or other corresponding material before casting in the cast resin 3. This rubber layer 6 serves to receive the compressive stress exerted on the fuse upon shrinkage of the cast resin. During casting, an air layer may remain between the rubber layer 6 and the fuse 4 and could cause partial discharge to occur. By arranging a semiconducting layer, such as a paper 5, between the rubber layer 6 and the cast resin 3, partial discharge can be avoided since the electric field between the primary current conductor 1 and the supporting structure of the insulator keeps acting between said semiconducting layer 5 and the supporting structure, i.e. expressly over the cast resin 3. Although the semiconducting layer 5, when connecting in parallel with the fuse, partially short circuits the fuse, the short circuit is, however, so insignificant that the fuse still operates correctly, i.e. blows at fault currents caused e.g. by a fault in the coil of the distribution transformer.
The semiconducting layer 5, in parallel with the fuse, also causes the other end of the fuse to stay live, and a low leakage current still flows although the fuse is blown. However, in the case of a distribution transformer, for example, such a fault current is so low that it has no significance as regards the actual protective function, and perfect fault separation is thus not required.
An alternative solution to the above procedure for preventing partial discharge is to make the rubber or the other corresponding flexible material itself semiconducting, whereby it is unnecessary to use a separate semiconducting layer. In this case, too, the electric field is directed to the insulating gap, i.e. within the cast resin, and consequently no partial discharge occurs in the air possibly remaining within the rubber or other corresponding material or between said material and the fuse.
In addition to the above components, the high voltage bushing insulator shown in the figure comprises a field controller, in practice a metal cylinder, disposed within the cast resin 3, at the point where the bushing insulator is e.g. by the wall of the housing of the distribution transformer. In the figure this field controller is denoted by reference 8. The field controller 8 can be earthed by earth conductors which can be coupled to screw holes 9.
In the bushing insulator of the present invention, the fuse is not exchangeable. However, the fuse is dimensioned such that it blows only in case of transformer malfunction, so that the higher cost caused by exchanging the entire bushing insulator as compared with exchanging only the fuse is not significant when proportioned to the total cost caused by exchanging the entire transformer.
The need for fuse protection against transformer coil damage is also present in (single-phase) voltage transformers to be placed into switch gears. Owing to fuse protection, transformer malfunction does not cause a long voltage break, since the bus-bar can be kept live during the time taken by preparing to exchange transformers. Depending on the location of the damaged transformer and the structure of the bus-bar, it may be possible to exchange transformers without causing any power failure by changing the coupling of the bus-bar.
The arrangement of the invention for casting the fuse within cast resin by using a layer of rubber or corresponding material and a semiconducting layer, or alternatively, a layer of semiconducting rubber or other corresponding semiconducting material, to receive the compressive forces around the fuse is also very well suitable for use in association with this component. A voltage transformer fuse is typically so dimensioned that is blows only in transformer malfunction. However, since a transformer cast in resin cannot be repaired, the fuse can be cast fixedly within the transformer frame by the arrangement of the invention. This is a way of avoiding the solution used in conventional voltage transformers, in which the fuse is provided with a separate chamber comprising a fuse holder for connecting the fuse as a part of the primary current conductor. It is now possible to leave out the relatively expensive fuse holder. The joint which is susceptible to corrosion under unfavourable circumstances, but difficult to check, can also be left out.
The bushing insulator or other corresponding component according to the invention has been described above only by means of one exemplary embodiment and with reference to another preferred embodiment. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the inventive method of casting a fuse within cast resin can also be applied to other similar electrotechnical switch gears and devices without, however, departing from the scope of the invention disclosed in the attached claims.

Claims (3)

  1. A bushing insulator or other corresponding component, comprising an end-to-end primary current conductor (1) and a frame (2) cast of cast resin (3) around the primary current conductor, characterized in that the primary current conductor (1) comprises a fuse (4) which is at least partly left within the cast resin (3) when casting the frame (2), and that the part of the fuse (4) remaining within the cast resin (3) upon casting the frame is encapsulated in a layer (6) of rubber or other corresponding material which in turn is encapsulated in a semiconducting layer (5).
  2. A bushing insulator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said rubber or other corresponding material is semiconducting.
  3. A bushing insulator or other corresponding component, comprising an end-to-end primary current conductor (1) and a frame (2) cast of cast resin (3) around the primary current conductor, characterized in that the primary current conductor (1) comprises a fuse (4) which is at least partly left within the cast resin (3) when casting the frame (2), and that the part of the fuse (4) remaining within the cast resin (3) upon casting the frame is encapsulated in a layer of semiconducting rubber or other corresponding semiconducting material.
EP19980660046 1997-05-19 1998-05-18 Bushing insulator Expired - Lifetime EP0886287B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI972131A FI116328B (en) 1997-05-19 1997-05-19 Throughput insulator or voltage transformer
FI972131 1997-05-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0886287A2 true EP0886287A2 (en) 1998-12-23
EP0886287A3 EP0886287A3 (en) 1999-09-22
EP0886287B1 EP0886287B1 (en) 2003-11-12

Family

ID=8548876

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19980660046 Expired - Lifetime EP0886287B1 (en) 1997-05-19 1998-05-18 Bushing insulator

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0886287B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69819605T2 (en)
FI (1) FI116328B (en)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3666992A (en) * 1970-10-22 1972-05-30 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Protective means for distribution transformer
US3678432A (en) * 1971-04-26 1972-07-18 Gen Electric Vented fuse module for underground power cable system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3666992A (en) * 1970-10-22 1972-05-30 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Protective means for distribution transformer
US3678432A (en) * 1971-04-26 1972-07-18 Gen Electric Vented fuse module for underground power cable system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI972131A0 (en) 1997-05-19
EP0886287B1 (en) 2003-11-12
DE69819605D1 (en) 2003-12-18
FI972131A (en) 1998-11-20
DE69819605T2 (en) 2004-09-23
FI116328B (en) 2005-10-31
EP0886287A3 (en) 1999-09-22

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