EP0878016B1 - Method of establishing the residual useful life of contacts in switchgear and associated arrangement - Google Patents

Method of establishing the residual useful life of contacts in switchgear and associated arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0878016B1
EP0878016B1 EP97914100A EP97914100A EP0878016B1 EP 0878016 B1 EP0878016 B1 EP 0878016B1 EP 97914100 A EP97914100 A EP 97914100A EP 97914100 A EP97914100 A EP 97914100A EP 0878016 B1 EP0878016 B1 EP 0878016B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
voltage
switching
switching device
arrangement according
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EP97914100A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0878016A1 (en
Inventor
Fritz Pohl
Norbert Elsner
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/16—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"
    • H01H9/167—Circuits for remote indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/044—Monitoring, detection or measuring systems to establish the end of life of the switching device, can also contain other on-line monitoring systems, e.g. for detecting mechanical failures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determination the remaining life of contacts in switching devices, in particular of contactor contacts, whereby as a replacement criterion for the The contact pressure on the switching path burns up is detected and to determine the erosion of the contact pieces the change in pressure during the switch-off process is measured and converted as the remaining service life, why the contactor drive from armature with solenoid and associated Yoke a time measurement of the anchor path from the beginning of the Anchor movement takes place until the start of the contact opening.
  • the invention relates to the associated arrangement to carry out the method with an evaluation device for Display of the remaining service life.
  • the object of the invention is therefore a method and propose associated arrangement where the contact opening begins not via test leads on both the feed side as well as on the load side of the main current tracks must be determined.
  • the task is through a measured value acquisition the contact opening on the load side of the monitored switching device and by a voltage-free signaling of the start of anchor movement solved.
  • the start of the contact opening the strongest Burning contact pieces detected one of the switching poles by switching voltage as a voltage change on a artificial star point on the load side of the monitored Switching device is measured, from which plus the start of anchor movement the remaining service life of the main contactors is determinable.
  • the remaining service life is between the switching device and Evaluation device a voltage-free signal line at anchor and Yoke of the magnetic drive of the switching device available.
  • the evaluation device is therefore on the load side between Switchgear and the electrical consumer.
  • voltage-free signaling understood the electrical contact between anchor and yoke, as opposed to a voltage signal, for example the contact voltage at the main contacts.
  • the evaluation device 100 is located on the Load side 10 between the contactor 1 and the electrical consumer 20, for example an engine, and is about one first monitoring module 101 for detecting the opening of the contact contacted with the outer conductors L1, L2, L3.
  • a two-wire Communication line 8 connects the armature / yoke contact 7 of protection 1 with a second monitoring module 102 for Detection of anchor opening. From the monitoring modules 101 and 102 delivered time signals determined Microprocessor 105 and the current contact print the remaining electrical life of the main contact pieces.
  • the value of the remaining service life determined by the evaluation device 100 is displayed on an output unit 106 and can be used for further processing can be output via a bus system.
  • the star point voltage should be 0 volts.
  • the real phase voltages do not correspond to ideal sine voltages, so that the sum of the phase voltages deviates from zero and the star point voltage fluctuates around the voltage zero line.
  • the time signal t k ie the voltage signal at the "artificial" star point 15, is processed according to its polarity via one of two comparators 18 and 18 ', the outputs of which are coupled via an OR switching element 19 to the signal output of the monitoring module for the contact opening.
  • Example of a reversing starter with two contactors 1 and 2 There are many for the use of three-phase motors different connection conditions to control the Speeds and the direction of rotation.
  • the main circuits switched by contactors 1 and 2 correspond in their basic forms to the main circuits FIG 1 or 3.
  • an overload relay 210 for Protection of the engine load. It is therefore advisable to use overload relays 210 and the device for remaining life detection in one integrate common control device. This could be how already described in the older patent application DE 44 27 006 A0, additional functions for monitoring the switching status have, so that in the end result a 'general' Control device 200 for monitoring the entire electrical Plant would result.
  • FIG. 3 In the example of FIG. 3 is to record the remaining life of the two contactors 1 and 2 only a second measuring channel necessary for the opening of the anchor module 202.
  • a Microprocessor 205 orders the calculated remaining life protection to that provided by the signaling measuring channel is represented.
  • three-phase networks there are also three-pole consumers four-pole consumers, e.g. ohmic loads, by electrical Switchgear connected to or disconnected from the network.
  • These electrical switching devices have four switching poles, of which three switching poles with the outer conductors L1, L2, L3 are connected while the fourth switching pole is connected to the neutral conductor connected.
  • Each of these four switching poles is when switching on and when switching off the four-pole Consumer subjected to contact erosion, so that it it is necessary to check the state of wear of all contact pieces monitor and the remaining life depending on the strongest to determine burnt-out contact pieces.
  • the latter is realized in that the switching voltage one of the three switching poles, which are connected to the outer conductors L1, L2, L3 are connected at the artificial star point 15 and the Switching voltage of the fourth switching pole, which is connected to the neutral conductor N is connected, is measured on the neutral conductor N. Both the tension of the artificial star point 15 and the voltage of the neutral conductor N on the load side 10 of the monitored switching device 1 is detected and it becomes the differential voltage both voltage values as the switching voltage of the first opening, most burned contact pieces evaluated.
  • a monitoring module 300 consists of individual circuit elements 31 to 38.
  • 1 denotes a protection with load side 10, 20 a DC motor and 30 the output lines for connecting the monitoring module 300.
  • the block capacitor C serves to suppress the DC voltage component, the associated limiting resistors R1 and R2 with the Zener diode for voltage limitation and in particular the optocoupler 35 for potential-free measurement of the contact voltage.
  • microprocessors certain values via associated output units displayed directly or on a system for data transmission, in particular a bus system for further evaluation are given.

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  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer von Kontakten in Schaltgeraten, insbesondere von Schützkontakten, wobei als Ersatzkriterium für den Abbrand der sogenannte Kontaktdurchdruck an der Schaltstrecke erfaßt wird und zur Bestimmung des Abbrandes der Kontaktstücke jeweils die Durchdruckanderung während des Ausschaltvorganges gemessen und als Restlebensdauer umgerechnet wird, wozu beim Schützantrieb aus Anker mit Magnetspule und zugehörigem Joch eine Zeitmessung des Ankerweges vom Beginn der Ankerbewegung bis zum Beginn der Kontaktöffnung erfolgt. Daneben bezieht sich die Erfindung auf die zugehörige Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens mit einem Auswertegerät zur Anzeige der Restlebensdauer.The invention relates to a method for determination the remaining life of contacts in switching devices, in particular of contactor contacts, whereby as a replacement criterion for the The contact pressure on the switching path burns up is detected and to determine the erosion of the contact pieces the change in pressure during the switch-off process is measured and converted as the remaining service life, why the contactor drive from armature with solenoid and associated Yoke a time measurement of the anchor path from the beginning of the Anchor movement takes place until the start of the contact opening. Besides The invention relates to the associated arrangement to carry out the method with an evaluation device for Display of the remaining service life.

In der älteren, nichtvorveröffentlichten DE 44 27 006 A0 wird die Restlebensdauer eines Schutzes beim Ausschaltvorgang aus der Zeitdifferenz zwischen dem Beginn der Ankeröffnungsbewegung und dem Kontaktöffnungsbeginn abgeleitet. Aus dem Wert der Zeitdifferenz bestimmt ein Mikroprozessor nach einem Auswertealgorithmus den aktuellen Wert des sog. KontaktDurchdruckes, welcher durch Abbrand von seinem Neuwert (= 100 % Restlebensdauer) auf seinen Mindestwert (= 0 % Restlebensdauer) abnimmt. Die hierzu notwendigen Zeitsignale werden zum einen durch Unterbrechung eines Hilfsstrompfades über Anker und Joch des Magnetantriebes und über die Kontaktspannung an den Hauptschaltstücken detektiert und in definierte Spannungspulse umgeformt, wozu Meßleitungen angebracht werden müssen. In the older, unpublished DE 44 27 006 A0 the remaining life of a protection when switching off the time difference between the start of the anchor opening movement and the opening of the contact. From the A microprocessor determines the value of the time difference according to one Evaluation algorithm the current value of the so-called contact print, which by burning from its new value (= 100% remaining life) to its minimum value (= 0% remaining life) decreases. The time signals required for this on the one hand by interrupting an auxiliary current path via armature and yoke of the magnetic drive and via the contact voltage detected on the main contact pieces and in defined Formed voltage pulses, for which test leads attached Need to become.

Das Anbringen der Meßleitungen (bei Drehstrom 6 Stück) zur Auswertung der Kontaktspannungen kann insofern als problematisch angesehen werden, als daß

  • a) eine Spannungsverschleppung von der Einspeiseseite des Schützes auf die Lastseite nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann,
  • b) die geforderte Isolationsspannungsfestigkeit (8 kV) zu einem erhöhten Aufwand bei der Auswerteschaltung führt, und
  • c) eine Integration der Meßleitungen im Schütz und deren Anschluß an eine Steckverbindung konstruktive und sicherheitsrelevante Änderungsmaßnahmen erfordert.
    • The attachment of the measuring lines (6 pieces for three-phase current) for evaluating the contact voltages can be viewed as problematic in that
  • a) A spread of voltage from the feed-in side of the contactor to the load side cannot be ruled out,
  • b) the required dielectric strength (8 kV) leads to an increased outlay in the evaluation circuit, and
  • c) an integration of the measuring lines in the contactor and their connection to a plug connection requires constructive and safety-related change measures.

    • Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren und die zugehörige Anordnung vorzuschlagen, bei denen der Kontaktöffnungsbeginn nicht über Meßleitungen sowohl auf der Einspeiseseite als auch auf der Lastseite der Hauptstrombahnen bestimmt werden müssen.The object of the invention is therefore a method and propose associated arrangement where the contact opening begins not via test leads on both the feed side as well as on the load side of the main current tracks must be determined.

    Die Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß durch eine Meßwerterfassung der Kontaktöffnung auf der Lastseite des überwachten Schaltgerätes und durch eine spannungsfreie Signalgabe des Ankerbewegungsbeginns gelöst. Vorzugsweise wird zur Anwendung bei Drehstromnetzen der Beginn der Kontaktöffnung der am stärksten abbrennenden Kontaktstücke eines der Schaltpole erfaßt, indem die Schaltspannung als Spannungsänderung an einem künstlichen Sternpunkt auf der Lastseite des überwachten Schaltgerätes gemessen wird, woraus zuzüglich des Ankerbewegungsbeginns die Restlebensdauer der Schützhauptschaltstücke bestimmbar ist.According to the invention, the task is through a measured value acquisition the contact opening on the load side of the monitored switching device and by a voltage-free signaling of the start of anchor movement solved. Preferably used for Three-phase networks the start of the contact opening the strongest Burning contact pieces detected one of the switching poles by switching voltage as a voltage change on a artificial star point on the load side of the monitored Switching device is measured, from which plus the start of anchor movement the remaining service life of the main contactors is determinable.

    Bei der zugehörigen Anordnung mit einem Auswertegerät zur Anzeige der Restlebensdauer ist zwischen Schaltgerät und Auswertegerät eine spannungsfreie Signalleitung an Anker und Joch des Magnetantriebs des Schaltgerätes vorhanden. Das Auswertegerät befindet sich also auf der Lastseite zwischen Schaltgerät und dem elektrischen Verbraucher.In the associated arrangement with an evaluation device The remaining service life is between the switching device and Evaluation device a voltage-free signal line at anchor and Yoke of the magnetic drive of the switching device available. The The evaluation device is therefore on the load side between Switchgear and the electrical consumer.

    Zur Reduzierung des technischen Aufwandes braucht also insbesondere bei Drehstromnetzen nicht mehr jede Hauptstrombahn einzeln bezüglich des Kontaktabbrandes überwacht zu werden, sondern es wird nur der Durchdruck der am stärksten abgebrannten Kontakte eines der drei Schaltpole erfaßt, um die Restlebensdauer der Schütz-Hauptschaltstücke zu bestimmen. Zudem ist die Erfassung der Restlebensdauer ohne enge, räumliche Zuordnung zum Schutz möglich, wobei der Beginn der Ankeröffnungsbewegung als Kontaktunterbrechung zwischen Anker und Joch dem Auswertegerät über eine spannungsfreie Signalleitung gemeldet wird.In order to reduce the technical effort needed in particular not every main current path in three-phase networks to be monitored individually for the contact erosion, but it only prints the most burned down Contacts of one of the three switching poles are detected around the Determine the remaining service life of the main contactor contacts. In addition, the recording of the remaining life is without narrow, spatial Protection can be assigned, with the start of the Anchor opening movement as an interruption of contact between anchors and yoke the evaluation unit via a voltage-free signal line is reported.

    Als spannungsfreie Signalgabe wird in vorstehendem Zusammenhang die elektrische Kontaktgabe zwischen Anker und Joch verstanden, im Gegensatz zu einem Spannungssignal, beispielsweise der Kontaktspannung an den Hauptkontakten.In the above context, voltage-free signaling is used understood the electrical contact between anchor and yoke, as opposed to a voltage signal, for example the contact voltage at the main contacts.

    Einzelheiten und weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Figurenbeschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Zeichnung in Verbindung mit den Unteransprüchen. Es zeigen jeweils als Blockschaltbild

    FIG 1
    die Erfassung der Restlebensdauer von Schützen beim Ausschaltvorgang,
    FIG 2
    die Generierung des Zeitsignals für die erstöffnende Hauptstrombahn von Schützen beim Ausschaltvorgang in Drehstromnetzen,
    FIG 3
    das Beispiel der Restlebensdauererfassung speziell bei einer Wendeschützschaltung und
    FIG 4
    die Erfassung der Restlebensdauer von Schützen beim Ausschaltvorgang in Gleichstromnetzen.
    Details and further advantages of the invention emerge from the following description of the figures of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing in conjunction with the subclaims. They each show as a block diagram
    FIG. 1
    the recording of the remaining service life of shooters when switching off,
    FIG 2
    generation of the time signal for the first-opening main current path of contactors when switching off in three-phase networks,
    FIG 3
    the example of the remaining service life recording especially with a reversing contactor circuit and
    FIG 4
    the recording of the remaining service life of contactors when switching off in DC networks.

    Gleichwirkende Teile haben in den Figuren gleiche Bezugszeichen. Die Figuren werden teilweise gemeinsam beschrieben.Parts with the same effect have the same reference symbols in the figures. Some of the figures are described together.

    FIG 1 zeigt die schematische Darstellung einer Einrichtung zur Erkennung der Restlebensdauer und deren Zuordnung zu einem Schutz 1. Das Auswertegerät 100 befindet sich auf der Lastseite 10 zwischen dem Schütz 1 und dem elektrischen Verbraucher 20, beispielsweise einem Motor, und ist über ein erstes Überwachungsmodul 101 zur Erkennung des Kontaktöffnens mit den Außenleitern L1,L2,L3 kontaktiert. Eine zweiadrige Kommunikationsleitung 8 verbindet den Anker/Joch-Kontakt 7 des Schutzes 1 mit einem zweiten Überwachungsmodul 102 zur Erkennung des Ankeröffnens. Aus den von den Überwachungsmodulen 101 und 102 gelieferten Zeitsignalen bestimmt ein Mikroprozessor 105 den aktuellen Kontaktdurchdruck und daraus die elektrische Restlebensdauer der Hauptschaltstücke.1 shows the schematic representation of a device to identify the remaining service life and their assignment to protection 1. The evaluation device 100 is located on the Load side 10 between the contactor 1 and the electrical consumer 20, for example an engine, and is about one first monitoring module 101 for detecting the opening of the contact contacted with the outer conductors L1, L2, L3. A two-wire Communication line 8 connects the armature / yoke contact 7 of protection 1 with a second monitoring module 102 for Detection of anchor opening. From the monitoring modules 101 and 102 delivered time signals determined Microprocessor 105 and the current contact print the remaining electrical life of the main contact pieces.

    Der vom Auswertegerät 100 ermittelte Wert der Restlebensdauer wird auf einer Ausgabeeinheit 106 angezeigt und kann zur weiteren Verarbeitung über ein Bussystem ausgegeben werden.The value of the remaining service life determined by the evaluation device 100 is displayed on an output unit 106 and can be used for further processing can be output via a bus system.

    Wie Kontrollmessungen an einem Schutz mit herausgeführtem Anker/Joch-Kontakt zeigen, sind die Zeitsignale, aus denen die Restlebensdauer ermittelt wird, zeitlichen Schwankungen unterworfen, die von mechanischen Toleranzen und vom Abklingen der Magnetkraft herrühren. Die Zeitdifferenz zwischen den Zeitsignalen kann sich daher zwischen 2 aufeinanderfolgenden Auswertungen um wenige 1/10 ms unterscheiden. Um eine entsprechende Schwankung der Ausgabegröße zu vermeiden, wird die Restlebensdauer über einen gleitenden Mittelwert, z.B. der letzten 10 Messungen, bestimmt. Damit wird eine Genauigkeit bei der Bestimmung des Kontaktdurchdruckes von 1/10 mm für realistisch erachtet. Fehlauswertungen bei der Bestimmung der Zeitdifferenz können dadurch vermieden werden, daß nur solche Zeitsignale ausgewertet werden, die innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Zeitfensters liegen.Like control measurements on a protection with the led out Anchor / yoke contact show are the time signals that make up the remaining life is determined, temporal fluctuations subject to mechanical tolerances and decay derive from the magnetic force. The time difference between the Time signals can therefore be between 2 consecutive Differentiate evaluations by a few 1/10 ms. To a corresponding To avoid fluctuation in the output size, the Remaining life over a moving average, e.g. of the last 10 measurements. This is an accuracy when determining the contact pressure of 1/10 mm for considered realistic. False evaluations when determining the Time difference can be avoided by only such Time signals are evaluated that are within a predetermined Time window.

    FIG 2 zeigt ein Schaltungsbeispiel zur Generierung eines Zeitsignals tk beim Kontaktöffnungsbeginn der am stärksten abgebrannten Hauptkontakte. Die wesentliche Eigenschaft dieser Schaltung besteht darin, die Kontaktspannungen (Bogenspannung) eines dreipoligen Schaltgerätes im Drehstromnetz an einem "künstlichen" Sternpunkt 15 zu messen. Für die Kontaktspannungen, d.h. die Bogenspannung an der über Feinsicherungen 11 und Widerstände 12 (R = 160 kΩ) erfolgten Zusammenschaltung 15 der Ausgangsleitungen, bestehen folgende Gleichungen : U1 + U2 + U3 = 0 , I1 + I2 + I3 = 0 U1 - USTP = R * I1 + L * d/dt(I1) + UB1 U2 - USTP = R * I2 + L * d/dt(I2) + UB2 U3- USTP = R * I3 + L * d/dt(I3) + UB3 Summe : USTP = -(UB1 + UB2 + UB3) / 3,    wobei folgende Bezeichnungen gewählt sind:

  • U1 = Strangspannungen,
  • Ii = Strangströme,
  • UBi = Bogenspannungen,
  • i = 1, 2, 3,
  • USTP = Sternpunktspannung,
  • R = ohmsche Last,
  • L = induktive Last.
    • 2 shows a circuit example for the generation of a time signal tk at the start of contact opening of the most burned main contacts. The essential property of this circuit is to measure the contact voltages (arc voltage) of a three-pole switching device in the three-phase network at an "artificial" star point 15. The following equations exist for the contact voltages, that is to say the arc voltage at the interconnection 15 of the output lines which is carried out via miniature fuses 11 and resistors 12 (R = 160 kΩ): U 1 + U 2nd + U 3rd = 0.1 1 + I 2nd + I 3rd = 0 U 1 - U STP = R * I 1 + L * d / dt (I 1 ) + UB 1 U 2nd - U STP = R * I 2nd + L * d / dt (I 2nd ) + UB 2nd U 3rd - U STP = R * I 3rd + L * d / dt (I 3rd ) + UB 3rd Total : U STP = - (UB 1 + UB 2nd + UB 3rd ) / 3, the following names are selected:
  • U 1 = phase voltages,
  • I i = phase currents,
  • U Bi = arc tensions,
  • i = 1, 2, 3,
  • U STP = neutral point voltage,
  • R = ohmic load,
  • L = inductive load.

    • Bei geschlossenen Schütz-Hauptkontakten (UB1 = UB2 = UB3 = 0) müßte die Sternpunktspannung 0 Volt betragen. Tatsächlich entsprechen die realen Strangspannungen jedoch keinen idealen Sinusspannungen, so daß die Summe der Strangspannungen von Null abweicht und die Sternpunktspannung um die Spannungsnullinie fluktuiert. Dieses Signalrauschen kann durch ein Hochpaßfilter 16 (z.B. mit C = 3 nF, Rparallel = 500 kΩ) so reduziert werden, daß ein Verhältnis Signalamplitude/Rauschamplitude > 10 erreicht wird. Über einen Meßwiderstand 17 (z.B. RMeß = 10 kΩ) kann das Elektronik-Massepotential M abgegriffen werden. Das Zeitsignal tk, d.h. das Spannungssignal am ,,künstlichen" Sternpunkt 15, wird entsprechend seiner Polarität über einen von zwei Komparatoren 18 und 18' verarbeitet, deren Ausgänge über ein ODER-Schaltglied 19 an den Signalausgang des Überwachungsmoduls für das Kontaktöffnen gekoppelt sind.With closed contactor main contacts (UB 1 = UB 2 = UB 3 = 0) the star point voltage should be 0 volts. In fact, however, the real phase voltages do not correspond to ideal sine voltages, so that the sum of the phase voltages deviates from zero and the star point voltage fluctuates around the voltage zero line. This signal noise can be reduced by a high-pass filter 16 (for example with C = 3 nF, R parallel = 500 kΩ) so that a signal amplitude / noise amplitude> 10 ratio is achieved. The electronic ground potential M can be tapped via a measuring resistor 17 (for example R meas = 10 kΩ). The time signal t k , ie the voltage signal at the "artificial" star point 15, is processed according to its polarity via one of two comparators 18 and 18 ', the outputs of which are coupled via an OR switching element 19 to the signal output of the monitoring module for the contact opening.

    FIG 3 zeigt eine Einrichtung zur Restlebensdauererkennung am Beispiel eines Schütz-Wendestarters mit zwei Schützen 1 und 2: Für die Anwendung von Drehstrommotoren gibt es eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Anschlußbedingungen zur Steuerung der Drehzahlen und der Drehrichtung.3 shows a device for remaining life detection on Example of a reversing starter with two contactors 1 and 2: There are many for the use of three-phase motors different connection conditions to control the Speeds and the direction of rotation.

    Die von den Schützen 1 und 2 geschalteten Hauptstromkreise entsprechen in ihren Grundformen den Hauptstromkreisen nach FIG 1 oder 3. Üblicherweise befindet sich dabei auf der Lastseite des Schützes 1 bzw. 2 ein Überlastrelais 210 zum Schutz der Motorlast. Es ist daher zweckmäßig, Überlastrelais 210 und die Einrichtung zur Restlebensdauererkennung in einem gemeinsamen Kontrollgerät zu integrieren. Dieses könnte, wie bereits in der älteren Patentanmeldung DE 44 27 006 A0 beschrieben, zusätzliche Funktionen zur Überwachung des Schaltzustandes aufweisen, so daß im Endergebnis ein 'allgemeines' Kontrollgerät 200 zur Überwachung der gesamten elektrischen Anlage resultieren würde. The main circuits switched by contactors 1 and 2 correspond in their basic forms to the main circuits FIG 1 or 3. Usually is located on the Load side of contactor 1 or 2 an overload relay 210 for Protection of the engine load. It is therefore advisable to use overload relays 210 and the device for remaining life detection in one integrate common control device. This could be how already described in the older patent application DE 44 27 006 A0, additional functions for monitoring the switching status have, so that in the end result a 'general' Control device 200 for monitoring the entire electrical Plant would result.

    Im Beispiel der FIG. 3 ist zur Erfassung der Restlebensdauer der beiden Schütze 1 und 2 lediglich ein zweiter Meßkanal beim Überwachungsmodul 202 für Ankeröffnen notwendig. Ein Mikroprozessor 205 ordnet die berechnete Restlebensdauer demjenigen Schutz zu, das durch den signalgebenden Meßkanal repräsentiert ist.In the example of FIG. 3 is to record the remaining life of the two contactors 1 and 2 only a second measuring channel necessary for the opening of the anchor module 202. A Microprocessor 205 orders the calculated remaining life protection to that provided by the signaling measuring channel is represented.

    In Drehstromnetzen werden neben dreipoligen Verbrauchern auch vierpolige Verbraucher, z.B. ohmsche Lasten, durch elektrische Schaltgeräte an das Netz geschaltet bzw. von diesem getrennt. Diese elektrischen Schaltgeräte besitzen vier Schaltpole, von denen drei Schaltpole mit den Außenleitern L1, L2, L3 verbunden sind, während der vierte Schaltpol an den Neutralleiter angeschlossen ist. Jeder dieser vier Schaltpole ist beim Einschalten und beim Ausschalten des vierpoligen Verbrauchers einem Kontaktabbrand unterworfen, so daß es notwendig ist, den Verschleißzustand aller Kontaktstücke zu überwachen und die Restlebensdauer abhängig von den am stärksten abgebrannten Kontaktstücken zu bestimmen.In three-phase networks there are also three-pole consumers four-pole consumers, e.g. ohmic loads, by electrical Switchgear connected to or disconnected from the network. These electrical switching devices have four switching poles, of which three switching poles with the outer conductors L1, L2, L3 are connected while the fourth switching pole is connected to the neutral conductor connected. Each of these four switching poles is when switching on and when switching off the four-pole Consumer subjected to contact erosion, so that it it is necessary to check the state of wear of all contact pieces monitor and the remaining life depending on the strongest to determine burnt-out contact pieces.

    Letzteres wird dadurch realisiert, daß die Schaltspannung eines der drei Schaltpole, welche mit den Außenleitern L1, L2, L3 verbunden sind, am künstlichen Sternpunkt 15 und die Schaltspannung des vierten Schaltpols, welcher mit dem Neutralleiter N verbunden ist, am Neutralleiter N gemessen wird. Dabei werden sowohl die Spannung des künstlichen Sternpunktes 15 und die Spannung des Neutralleiters N auf der Lastseite 10 des überwachten Schaltgerätes 1 erfaßt und es wird die Differenzspannung beider Spannungswerte als Schaltspannung der erstöffnenden, am stärksten abgebrannten Kontaktstücke ausgewertet.The latter is realized in that the switching voltage one of the three switching poles, which are connected to the outer conductors L1, L2, L3 are connected at the artificial star point 15 and the Switching voltage of the fourth switching pole, which is connected to the neutral conductor N is connected, is measured on the neutral conductor N. Both the tension of the artificial star point 15 and the voltage of the neutral conductor N on the load side 10 of the monitored switching device 1 is detected and it becomes the differential voltage both voltage values as the switching voltage of the first opening, most burned contact pieces evaluated.

    FIG 4 zeigt eine Einrichtung zur Erfassung der Restlebensdauer von Schützen in Gleichstromnetzen. Abhängig von der Höhe der Netzgleichspannung und davon, ob das Gleichspannungsnetz geerdet ist oder nicht, ist es üblich eine Reihenschaltung von Schaltstrecken vorzunehmen und die Zuschaltung des elektrischen Netzes ein- oder zweipolig auszuführen. Um eine einheitliche Anschlußbedingung für die Meßanschlüsse zur Überwachung des Kontaktöffnens zu erhalten und um eine Spannungsverschleppung von der Einspeiseseite auf die Lastseite des Schutzes 1 auszuschließen, werden die Meßleitungen an der Lastseite 10 angeschlossen.4 shows a device for recording the remaining service life of contactors in DC networks. Depends on the Amount of the DC network voltage and whether the DC network is grounded or not, it is common to daisy chain of switching distances and the connection of the electrical network with one or two poles. Around a uniform connection condition for the measuring connections for Obtain monitoring of contact opening and to avoid a voltage spread from the infeed side to the load side to exclude protection 1, the test leads on the Load side 10 connected.

    Im Ausführungsbeispiel der FIG 4 besteht ein Überwachungsmodul 300 aus einzelnen Schaltungsgliedern 31 bis 38. Im einzelnen kennzeichnet 1 ein Schutz mit Lastseite 10, 20 einen Gleichstrommotor und 30 die Ausgangsleitungen zum Anschluß des Überwachungsmoduls 300. Darin sind zwei Feinsicherungen 31, eine RC-Kombination 32 (C = 0,22 MF, R1 = 1 kΩ), eine Zenerdiode 33, ein Widerstand 34 (R3 = 330 Ω) und ein Optokoppler 35 vorhanden, dessen Ausgang über ein Widerstand 36 (R = 106 kΩ) an Spannung U angeschlossen ist.In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4, a monitoring module 300 consists of individual circuit elements 31 to 38. Specifically, 1 denotes a protection with load side 10, 20 a DC motor and 30 the output lines for connecting the monitoring module 300. There are two miniature fuses 31, an RC combination 32 (C = 0.22 MF, R 1 = 1 kΩ), a Zener diode 33, a resistor 34 (R 3 = 330 Ω) and an optocoupler 35, the output of which via a resistor 36 (R = 106 kΩ) to voltage U. connected.

    Im Überwachungsmodul 300 für das Kontaktöffnen dient der Blockkondensator C zur Unterdrückung des Gleichspannungsanteils, die zugehörigen Begrenzungswiderstände R1 und R2 mit der Zenerdiode zur Spannungsbegrenzung und insbesondere der Optokoppler 35 zur potentialfreien Messung der Kontaktspannung. Aus dem Zeitsignal tK des Kontaktöffnens in Verzögerung zum Zeitsignal des Ankeröffnens bestimmt ein Mikroprozessor 305 in entsprechender Weise den Kontaktdurchdruck und daraus die Restlebensdauer der Schütz-Hauptschaltstücke.In the monitoring module 300 for the contact opening, the block capacitor C serves to suppress the DC voltage component, the associated limiting resistors R1 and R2 with the Zener diode for voltage limitation and in particular the optocoupler 35 for potential-free measurement of the contact voltage. From the time signal t K of the contact opening in delay to the time signal of the armature opening, a microprocessor 305 determines the contact pressure in a corresponding manner and from this the remaining service life of the main contactor contacts.

    Bei allen Ausführungsbeispielen können die von den Mikroprozessoren bestimmten Werte über zugehörige Ausgabeeinheinen direkt angezeigt oder aber auf ein System zur Datenübertragung, insbesondere ein Bussystem, zur weiteren Auswertung gegeben werden.In all embodiments, the microprocessors certain values via associated output units displayed directly or on a system for data transmission, in particular a bus system for further evaluation are given.

    Claims (14)

    1. Method for determining the residual service life of contacts in switching devices (1), in particular of contactor contacts, wherein the so-called contact spring action at the contact gap is detected as a substitute criterion for the erosion, and in order to determine the erosion of the contact points, in each case the change in spring action during the breaking operation is measured and converted as residual service life, for which purpose, in the case of a contactor drive comprising an armature (3) having a solenoid and an associated yoke (4), a time measurement of the armature travel from the start of the armature movement to the start of the contact opening takes place,
      characterised by a measured-value detection of the contact opening on the load side of the switching device (1) which is monitored and by a voltageless signalling of the start of the armature movement.
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that for use in three-phase systems, the start of contact opening of the contact points of one of the switching poles, which contact points are eroding most heavily, is detected by measuring the switching voltage as voltage change at an artificial neutral point on the load side of the switching device which is monitored, from which the residual service life of the main contacts of the contactor can be determined.
    3. Method according to claim 2, characterised in that for use in three-phase systems having three external conductors (L1, L2, L3) and a neutral conductor (N), the start of contact opening of the contact points of one of the four switching poles, which contact points are eroding most heavily, is detected as a result of the fact that the switching voltage as voltage change between the artificial neutral point of the external conductors (L1, L2, L3) and the neutral conductor (N) on the load side of the switching device which is monitored can be determined.
    4. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that for use in direct-current systems, the start of contact opening of the contact points of one of the switching poles, which contact points are eroding most heavily, is detected by measuring the switching voltage as voltage change between the phase conductors (L+, L-) on the load side of the switching device which is monitored, from which the residual service life of the main contacts of the contactor can be determined.
    5. Arrangement for carrying out the method according to claim 1 or one of claims 2 to 4, having an analysing unit for displaying the residual service life, characterised in that between the switching device (1) and the analysing unit (100, 200, 300) is a voltageless signal line (8, 8', 38) to the armature (3) and yoke (4) of the solenoid actuator (5) of the switching device (1).
    6. Arrangement according to claim 5,
      characterised in that the analysing unit (100, 200, 300) is located on the load side between the switching device, in particular the contactor (1), and the electric consumer (20).
    7. Arrangement according to claim 5,
      characterised by a first monitoring module (101, 201) for recognising the contact opening and a second monitoring module (102, 202) for recognising the armature opening.
    8. Arrangement according to claim 5,
      characterised by a microprocessor (105, 205, 305) for determining the current contact spring action from the time signals supplied by the two monitoring modules (101, 201; 102, 202).
    9. Arrangement according to one of claims 5 to 8 for use in three-phase systems according to the method in accordance with claim 2, characterised in that there is a circuit for generating a time signal at the start of contact opening of the main contacts which are most heavily eroded, and in that with this circuit the contact voltages (arc voltage) of the three-pole switching device in the three-phase system are measured at the artificial neutral point (15).
    10. Arrangement according to one of claims 5 to 8, for use in three-phase systems according to the method in accordance with claim 3, characterised in that there is a circuit for generating a time signal at the start of contact opening of the main contacts which are most heavily eroded, and in that with this circuit the contact voltage (arc voltage) of the four-pole switching device having the three external conductors (L1, L2, L3) and the neutral conductor (N) are [sic] detected by measuring the voltage between the artificial neutral point (15) and the voltage of the neutral conductor (N) on the load side of the switching device, in particular as reference potential of a resistor (17) at frame potential (M).
    11. Arrangement according to claim 9 or claim 10, wherein for use in three-phase motors, there is an overload relay for protection of the motor load,
      characterised in that the overload relay (210) and the analysing unit (201, 202, 205) for residual service life recognition are integrated in a common control device (200).
    12. Arrangement according to one of claims 5 to 8, for use in contactors in direct-current systems according to the method in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that there is a series circuit arrangement of the contact gaps for a single-pole or two-pole connection of the electrical system, and in that the measuring leads (30) are connected to the electric load (20).
    13. Arrangement according to claim 11,
      characterised in that the analysing unit (300) as a monitoring module for the contact opening has a blocking capacitor (32) for suppressing the direct-voltage portion, limiting resistors (34, 36), a Zener diode (33) for voltage limiting and an optical coupler (35) for voltageless measurement of the contact voltage.
    14. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterised by a system for data transmission, in particular a bus system.
    EP97914100A 1996-01-31 1997-01-29 Method of establishing the residual useful life of contacts in switchgear and associated arrangement Expired - Lifetime EP0878016B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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    DE19603310A DE19603310A1 (en) 1996-01-31 1996-01-31 Method for determining the remaining service life of contacts in switchgear and associated arrangement
    DE19603310 1996-01-31
    PCT/DE1997/000173 WO1997028548A1 (en) 1996-01-31 1997-01-29 Method of establishing the residual useful life of contacts in switchgear and associated arrangement

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    EP0878016A1 EP0878016A1 (en) 1998-11-18
    EP0878016B1 true EP0878016B1 (en) 1999-09-22

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    EP (1) EP0878016B1 (en)
    CN (1) CN1068956C (en)
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    WO (1) WO1997028548A1 (en)

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    Publication number Publication date
    WO1997028548A1 (en) 1997-08-07
    US20010019268A1 (en) 2001-09-06
    EP0878016A1 (en) 1998-11-18
    CN1068956C (en) 2001-07-25
    US6359440B2 (en) 2002-03-19
    DE59700469D1 (en) 1999-10-28
    DE19603310A1 (en) 1997-08-07
    CN1208498A (en) 1999-02-17

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