EP0873822A2 - A ratchet lever for actuating a car jack - Google Patents

A ratchet lever for actuating a car jack Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0873822A2
EP0873822A2 EP98101326A EP98101326A EP0873822A2 EP 0873822 A2 EP0873822 A2 EP 0873822A2 EP 98101326 A EP98101326 A EP 98101326A EP 98101326 A EP98101326 A EP 98101326A EP 0873822 A2 EP0873822 A2 EP 0873822A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lever
wheel
toothed wheel
shells
handle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98101326A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0873822A3 (en
EP0873822B1 (en
Inventor
Giorgio Pino Nicola
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Proma Srl
Original Assignee
Proma Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Proma Srl filed Critical Proma Srl
Publication of EP0873822A2 publication Critical patent/EP0873822A2/en
Publication of EP0873822A3 publication Critical patent/EP0873822A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0873822B1 publication Critical patent/EP0873822B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F13/00—Common constructional features or accessories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/46—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle
    • B25B13/461—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/46—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle
    • B25B13/461—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member
    • B25B13/462—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member the ratchet parts engaging in a direction radial to the tool operating axis
    • B25B13/463—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member the ratchet parts engaging in a direction radial to the tool operating axis a pawl engaging an externally toothed wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F3/00—Devices, e.g. jacks, adapted for uninterrupted lifting of loads
    • B66F3/08—Devices, e.g. jacks, adapted for uninterrupted lifting of loads screw operated
    • B66F3/14—Devices, e.g. jacks, adapted for uninterrupted lifting of loads screw operated actuated through pawl-and-ratchet mechanisms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ratchet lever for actuating a car lifting jack.
  • Ratchet spanners used for tightening bolts and nuts.
  • Ratchet spanners generally have an elongate portion serving as a handle and an enlarged head portion comprising a toothed wheel co-operating with a ratchet which allows the wheel to rotate in one direction of rotation, whilst it impedes rotation in the opposite direction.
  • the toothed wheel has a central opening of polygonal shape in which there is to be inserted the bolt to screw or unscrew.
  • ratchet spanners In order to apply a final tightening torque, ratchet spanners have to be able to withstand considerably high torques. Consequently, the mechanisms (toothed wheel and ratchet) are made out of turned steel, and therefore involve high manufacturing costs owing to the turning processing of the mechanism elements.
  • numerals 1 and 2 designate two complementary half-shells made of plastic or thin plate and constituting the outer body or housing of a lever.
  • One of the two half-shells, designated at 1, is for containing the inner parts of the lever, whilst the other half-shell, designated at 2, acts as a cover.
  • the outer body of the lever forms an enlarged head portion 10 containing the gears and an elongated portion 11, preferably of tubular shape, for hand gripping or for insertion of a handle, as described herein after.
  • the half-shells 1 and 2 may be separate, as shown in FIG. 1, or joined by means of a junction 30, as shown in FIG. 14.
  • a seaming 31, as shown in FIG. 15 may be used to couple and close together the separate or joined half-shells 1 and 2.
  • a riveting 32 may be used as shown in FIG. 16, or a spot-welding 33 as shown in FIG. 17, or still a snap-fit coupling 34 could be adopted, as depicted in FIG. 18.
  • FIG. 15 is a cross sectional view taken along the line A-A of FIG. 13, whilst FIGS. 16 to 18 are simply schematical views of the closing of the half-shells.
  • a toothed wheel 5 engaging a ratchet 3 with a returning spring 4.
  • the ratchet 3 allows the wheel to move in the direction indicated by arrow A and hinders its movement in the opposite direction of rotation.
  • the toothed wheel 5 forms a central opening 6 of polygonal or rectangular shape for insertion of a rotatable element (not shown) such as a worm screw that drives the lifting operation of a car jack.
  • a rotatable element such as a worm screw that drives the lifting operation of a car jack.
  • disc elements 7 and 8 Fitted to the opposite sides of the wheel are disc elements 7 and 8 having central openings 6 equal to those formed in the wheel 5.
  • Disc elements 7 and 8 are integral with the wheel 5 and project from the sides of the wheel to be rotatably inserted in circular bores 9 formed in the head portion 10 of half-shells 1 and 2 (FIGS. 1 and 2).
  • the mechanisms of the ratchet lever are made of steel or any other suitable metal material.
  • the choice of the material employed will fall on a pressed material possessing mechanical characteristics such as to undergo little deformation when subjected to normal operation stresses, which are particularly more intense in the zones of apertures 6 and on the peripheral teeth of the wheel 5.
  • the toothed wheel 5 and opposite disc elements 7, 8 are distinct bodies formed by separate pressing operations. Only in a second time, the two disc elements are welded to the opposite sides of the toothed wheel 5 along respective indentations 20 and 21.
  • the toothed wheel can be made of a first material, and the disc elements of a different material.
  • the toothed wheel can be pressed in a single piece incorporating the disc elements.
  • the toothed wheel 5 is made by pressing two specular and complementary elements 5a and 5b, welded by indentations 20 along the facing sides.
  • the two opposite sides of the two elements 5a, 5b each have an annular relief 12 around the polygonal opening 6 in which there is engaged the rotatable element of the car jack to be rotated.
  • the annular relief 12 carries out the same function as the disc elements discussed with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6 and is adapted to engage the bores 9 of the half-shells 1 and 2 constituting the lever housing.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 there is shown a still further variant, according to which the toothed wheel 5 is once again made by welding two specular, complementary elements 5a, 5b, but forming a central circular relief 13 at the centre of which there is formed the polygonal opening 6. Also in this case, the functions of the previously discussed disc elements are carried out by elements incorporated in the toothed wheel.
  • the central reliefs 13 insert in rotatable and guided manner in bores 9 of the lever housing.
  • the ratchet 3 may be made out of pressed metal.
  • a handle 14 prolonging the lever arm in the opening of the tubular elongated portion 11 of the housing there can be releasably inserted a handle 14 prolonging the lever arm.
  • the handle may be of the kind which the vehicle is already equipped with, and so having an end head 15 with a hexagonal seat 16 for unscrewing the vehicle wheel bolts.
  • the handle 14 advantageously forms a throw 17 near its end portion and is rotatably inserted in the housing tubular portion 11 to alternately reach a horizontal position (FIG. 11) for quick movement and an upright, rotated position (FIG. 12) for the car lifting movement.
  • the manufacturing of the gears constituting the ratchet mechanisms by pressing of metal allows for considerable savings with respect to conventional turning of steel.
  • the ratchet lever of the present invention unlike ratchet spanners, is not made for applying high tightening torques, but only for transmitting a rotary movement under to a substantially constant torque in lifting a car.
  • a plastic material could also suffice to withstand the stresses to which the ratchet mechanism is subjected to when lifting a car.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Control Devices (AREA)
  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)
  • Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)

Abstract

There is disclosed an actuating lever for a car jack having a rotating element driving the lifting movement of the car. The lever comprises a ratchet mechanism with a toothed wheel (5) having a central polygonal opening (6) for insertion of the rotating jack element. At least the toothed wheel is made of a pressed metal material. The ratchet mechanism is contained within a housing constituted by two half-shells (1, 2) made of plastic or thin plate.

Description

The present invention relates to a ratchet lever for actuating a car lifting jack.
At present there are known ratchet spanners used for tightening bolts and nuts. Ratchet spanners generally have an elongate portion serving as a handle and an enlarged head portion comprising a toothed wheel co-operating with a ratchet which allows the wheel to rotate in one direction of rotation, whilst it impedes rotation in the opposite direction. The toothed wheel has a central opening of polygonal shape in which there is to be inserted the bolt to screw or unscrew. As the toothed wheel must further be secured in rotatable manner to the spanner housing, on the opposite sides of the wheel there must be formed guiding means of circular shape, such as reliefs or grooves co-operating with corresponding apertures or reliefs formed in the spanner housing.
In order to apply a final tightening torque, ratchet spanners have to be able to withstand considerably high torques. Consequently, the mechanisms (toothed wheel and ratchet) are made out of turned steel, and therefore involve high manufacturing costs owing to the turning processing of the mechanism elements.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a ratchet lever of low cost, adapted to be applied to a car jack to lift a car quickly and safely through the conventional quick and repetitive movement by which ratchet spanners are used. Particularly, it is a significant object of the present invention to provide a ratchet lever that does not require costly housings and metal mechanisms obtained by turning as those exploited by conventional ratchet spanners.
These and other objects are achieved by a ratchet lever as defined in appended claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.
These and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from a study of the following description of a few exemplary preferred embodiments when read in conjunction with the attached drawings and appended claims.
FIG. 1
is a perspective view, to an enlarged scale, of a ratchet lever according to the present invention, in which there are visible the inner parts;
FIG. 2
is a perspective view of the lever of FIG. 1 once assembled;
FIG. 3
is a perspective view of a toothed wheel being part of the ratchet mechanism;
FIG. 4
shows the elements forming the toothed wheel of FIG. 3;
FIGS. 5, 7 and 9
are perspective views, to an enlarged scale, of a few alternative embodiments of the toothed wheel utilised in the lever of the present invention;
FIGS. 6, 8 and 10
are cross sectional views as seen according to lines C-C, B-B, and A-A, respectively, of FIGS. 5, 7 and 9;
FIGS. 11 and 12
are two side views showing a particular embodiment of the lever according to this invention in two different operational positions;
FIG. 13
is a view of the lever of this invention in a further embodiment;
FIG. 14
shows an embodiment of the housing or containing shell of the lever different from those of the preceding drawings; and
FIGS. 15 to 18
are views showing exemplary ways for closing the half-shells of the lever housing.
Referring initially to Figure 1, numerals 1 and 2 designate two complementary half-shells made of plastic or thin plate and constituting the outer body or housing of a lever. One of the two half-shells, designated at 1, is for containing the inner parts of the lever, whilst the other half-shell, designated at 2, acts as a cover. The outer body of the lever forms an enlarged head portion 10 containing the gears and an elongated portion 11, preferably of tubular shape, for hand gripping or for insertion of a handle, as described herein after.
The half- shells 1 and 2 may be separate, as shown in FIG. 1, or joined by means of a junction 30, as shown in FIG. 14.
A seaming 31, as shown in FIG. 15 may be used to couple and close together the separate or joined half- shells 1 and 2. Alternatively, a riveting 32 may be used as shown in FIG. 16, or a spot-welding 33 as shown in FIG. 17, or still a snap-fit coupling 34 could be adopted, as depicted in FIG. 18. FIG. 15 is a cross sectional view taken along the line A-A of FIG. 13, whilst FIGS. 16 to 18 are simply schematical views of the closing of the half-shells.
Within the head portion 10 of half-shell 1 there is fitted a toothed wheel 5 engaging a ratchet 3 with a returning spring 4. The ratchet 3 allows the wheel to move in the direction indicated by arrow A and hinders its movement in the opposite direction of rotation.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the toothed wheel 5 forms a central opening 6 of polygonal or rectangular shape for insertion of a rotatable element (not shown) such as a worm screw that drives the lifting operation of a car jack. Fitted to the opposite sides of the wheel are disc elements 7 and 8 having central openings 6 equal to those formed in the wheel 5. Disc elements 7 and 8 are integral with the wheel 5 and project from the sides of the wheel to be rotatably inserted in circular bores 9 formed in the head portion 10 of half-shells 1 and 2 (FIGS. 1 and 2).
According to the present invention, the mechanisms of the ratchet lever are made of steel or any other suitable metal material. In any case, the choice of the material employed will fall on a pressed material possessing mechanical characteristics such as to undergo little deformation when subjected to normal operation stresses, which are particularly more intense in the zones of apertures 6 and on the peripheral teeth of the wheel 5.
Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, according to a first embodiment of this invention, the toothed wheel 5 and opposite disc elements 7, 8 are distinct bodies formed by separate pressing operations. Only in a second time, the two disc elements are welded to the opposite sides of the toothed wheel 5 along respective indentations 20 and 21. In this embodiment, the toothed wheel can be made of a first material, and the disc elements of a different material.
In another embodiment, not shown, the toothed wheel can be pressed in a single piece incorporating the disc elements.
Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, in accordance with a further embodiment of this invention, the toothed wheel 5 is made by pressing two specular and complementary elements 5a and 5b, welded by indentations 20 along the facing sides. In this variant, the two opposite sides of the two elements 5a, 5b each have an annular relief 12 around the polygonal opening 6 in which there is engaged the rotatable element of the car jack to be rotated. The annular relief 12 carries out the same function as the disc elements discussed with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6 and is adapted to engage the bores 9 of the half- shells 1 and 2 constituting the lever housing.
In FIGS. 9 and 10 there is shown a still further variant, according to which the toothed wheel 5 is once again made by welding two specular, complementary elements 5a, 5b, but forming a central circular relief 13 at the centre of which there is formed the polygonal opening 6. Also in this case, the functions of the previously discussed disc elements are carried out by elements incorporated in the toothed wheel. The central reliefs 13 insert in rotatable and guided manner in bores 9 of the lever housing.
Still according to the present invention, advantageously also the ratchet 3 may be made out of pressed metal.
Referring to FIGS. 11 and 12, in the opening of the tubular elongated portion 11 of the housing there can be releasably inserted a handle 14 prolonging the lever arm. The handle may be of the kind which the vehicle is already equipped with, and so having an end head 15 with a hexagonal seat 16 for unscrewing the vehicle wheel bolts. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12, the handle 14 advantageously forms a throw 17 near its end portion and is rotatably inserted in the housing tubular portion 11 to alternately reach a horizontal position (FIG. 11) for quick movement and an upright, rotated position (FIG. 12) for the car lifting movement.
It will be appreciated that the manufacturing of the gears constituting the ratchet mechanisms by pressing of metal allows for considerable savings with respect to conventional turning of steel. The ratchet lever of the present invention, unlike ratchet spanners, is not made for applying high tightening torques, but only for transmitting a rotary movement under to a substantially constant torque in lifting a car. A plastic material could also suffice to withstand the stresses to which the ratchet mechanism is subjected to when lifting a car.
There has been described hereinabove a few exemplary preferred embodiments of the ratchet lever according to the principles of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may now make numerous uses of, and departures from, the above described embodiments without departing from the inventive concepts disclosed herein, for example concerning the materials to be employed, constructional and operational details.

Claims (15)

  1. An actuating lever for a car jack having a rotating element driving the lifting movement of the car, characterised in that the lever comprises a ratchet mechanism with a toothed wheel (5) with a central polygonal opening (6) for insertion of said rotating jack element, and wherein at least the toothed wheel is made of a pressed metal material, the ratchet mechanism being contained within a housing constituted by two half-shells (1, 2) made of plastic or thin plate.
  2. A lever as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that each opposite side of the wheel (5) is provided with a disc element (7, 8) integral to said wheel and projecting from the sides of the wheel for being inserted in corresponding circular bores (9) formed in the lever housing (1, 2) containing the ratchet mechanism.
  3. A lever as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the toothed wheel (5) and the opposite disc elements (7, 8) are distinct bodies of metallic material obtained from separate pressing operations and joined by welding (10, 11).
  4. A lever as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that said toothed wheel (5) is pressed in a single piece incorporating said disc elements (7, 8).
  5. A lever as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the toothed wheel (5) is made by pressing two specular and complementary elements (5a, 5b) welded by an indentation (20) along the facing sides, each element (5a, 5b) having an annular relief (12) of a diameter corresponding to that of said bores (9).
  6. A lever as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the toothed wheel (5) is made by pressing two specular and complementary elements (5a, 5b) welded by indentations (20) along the facing sides, each element (5a, 5b) having a circular relief (13) of a diameter corresponding to that of said bores (9).
  7. A lever as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that also the ratchet (3) of said mechanism is made of pressed metal material.
  8. A lever as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the lever housing forms a tubular portion (11) allowing insertion therein of an extension handle (14).
  9. A lever as claimed in claim 8, characterised in that said handle (14) has an end head (15) with a hexagonal seat (15) for unscrewing the bolts of a vehicle wheel.
  10. A lever as claimed in claim 9, characterised in that said handle (14) forms a throw (17) proximate to said end head (15).
  11. A lever as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that said handle (14) is rotatably inserted in the tubular portion (11) of the lever housing to alternately reach a horizontal position for quick movement and a rotated, upright position for the car lifting movement.
  12. A lever as claimed in any of the claims 8 to 11, characterised in that said handle (14) is that which a vehicle is normally equipped with for screwing and unscrewing the wheel bolts.
  13. A lever as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the two half-shells (1, 2) are separate.
  14. A lever as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the two half-shells are joined one to the other (30).
  15. A lever as claimed in claim 13 or 14, characterised in that the half-shells (1, 2) are joined therebetween by seaming (31), riveting (32), spot-welding (33), or snap fitting (34).
EP98101326A 1997-01-31 1998-01-27 A ratchet lever for actuating a car jack in combination with an extension handle Expired - Lifetime EP0873822B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1997TO000022U IT236252Y1 (en) 1997-01-31 1997-01-31 RATCHET LEVER TO OPERATE A CAR JACK.
ITTO970022U 1997-01-31

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0873822A2 true EP0873822A2 (en) 1998-10-28
EP0873822A3 EP0873822A3 (en) 1999-08-04
EP0873822B1 EP0873822B1 (en) 2003-01-15

Family

ID=11415212

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98101326A Expired - Lifetime EP0873822B1 (en) 1997-01-31 1998-01-27 A ratchet lever for actuating a car jack in combination with an extension handle

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0873822B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE231049T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69810690T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2191214T3 (en)
IT (1) IT236252Y1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10102971C1 (en) * 2001-01-23 2002-05-23 Krupp Bilstein Gmbh Ratchet spanner, for vehicle jack, has collar on one side of ratchet wheel passing through boring in casing layer
WO2012035408A1 (en) * 2010-09-14 2012-03-22 Eaton Corporation Charging handle apparatus and circuit interrupter

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE480390A (en) *
GB897042A (en) * 1960-05-10 1962-05-23 R T Shelley Ltd Ratchet spanner or key
GB1208036A (en) * 1968-05-24 1970-10-07 Metallifacture Ltd An improved ratchet wrench
JPS56116176U (en) * 1980-02-01 1981-09-05
DE3610508A1 (en) * 1986-03-15 1987-09-17 Kurt Grzanna RATCHET KEY
US5203240A (en) * 1990-02-12 1993-04-20 Sorter James L Castellated valve wrench
DE4210593A1 (en) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-07 Hebetechnik Treffurt Gmbh Combined wheel nut spanner and jack cranking handle - has flat on neck at free end of spanner which enters slot of pivoted connector piece in forked end of jack screw and allows screw to be turned at convenient angle

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10102971C1 (en) * 2001-01-23 2002-05-23 Krupp Bilstein Gmbh Ratchet spanner, for vehicle jack, has collar on one side of ratchet wheel passing through boring in casing layer
EP1225010A2 (en) * 2001-01-23 2002-07-24 Krupp Bilstein GmbH Ratchet wrench for a jack
EP1225010A3 (en) * 2001-01-23 2003-09-17 ThyssenKrupp Bilstein GmbH Ratchet wrench for a jack
WO2012035408A1 (en) * 2010-09-14 2012-03-22 Eaton Corporation Charging handle apparatus and circuit interrupter
CN103119678A (en) * 2010-09-14 2013-05-22 伊顿公司 Charging handle apparatus and switchgear apparatus
US8592706B2 (en) 2010-09-14 2013-11-26 Eaton Corporation Charging handle apparatus and switchgear apparatus
CN103119678B (en) * 2010-09-14 2015-09-23 伊顿公司 Charging handle device and circuit interrupter
EP3151259A1 (en) * 2010-09-14 2017-04-05 Eaton Corporation Charging handle apparatus and circuit interrupter
EP3151260A1 (en) * 2010-09-14 2017-04-05 Eaton Corporation Charging handle apparatus and circuit interrupter
EP3561834A1 (en) * 2010-09-14 2019-10-30 Eaton Corporation Charging handle apparatus and circuit interrupter
EP3561833A1 (en) * 2010-09-14 2019-10-30 Eaton Corporation Charging handle apparatus and circuit interrupter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE231049T1 (en) 2003-02-15
ITTO970022U1 (en) 1998-07-31
ES2191214T3 (en) 2003-09-01
IT236252Y1 (en) 2000-08-08
EP0873822A3 (en) 1999-08-04
DE69810690T2 (en) 2003-09-04
EP0873822B1 (en) 2003-01-15
DE69810690D1 (en) 2003-02-20

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