FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to systems for helping
deliver bar compositions to the skin and for helping boost
lather. In particular, it relates to devices for holding
bars which can be used in applying the bar compositions to
the skin. The bar containers may be helpful for delivering
consumer beneficial properties which may not be as readily
available in synthetic detergent bars. For example,
synthetic bars generally use surfactants which are less
harsh than soap, but often provide less lather (some
synthetic bars may further comprise emollient oils which
actually depress lather). The containers may also reduce
sensory perception of mush.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The use of soap holders or dispensers to hold a bar of
soap is itself not new. U.S Patent No. 4,480,939 to Upton,
for example, discloses a soap holder and dispenser suitable
for use in a shower which includes a pack formed from
synthetic melting material sized to receive a bar of soap.
U.S. Patent No. 3,167,805 to Zuppinger et al. also teaches a
net enclosed soap article.
U.S. Patent No. 5,462,378 to Webb teaches a wash cloth
adapted to receive a bar of soap; and U.S. Patent No.
4,190,550 discloses pads of non-woven fibers containing a
solid core of soap.
In none of these references is it taught or recognized
that synthetic surfactant bars, for example, bars containing
5-90%, preferably 10-80% surfactant, when used in a holder,
particularly a holder made of a polymeric mesh sponge
material (e.g., extruded tubular melting mesh) can remedy
some of the deficiencies found in synthetic bars and not
found in pure soap bars. For example, a synthetic bar,
particular one comprising lesser amounts of surfactants and
more structurant (e.g., 5-60% surfactant, preferably 10-50%
surfactant and 10-40% structurant such as polyalkylene
glycol) may be a less moisturizing bar and therefore require
benefit agents/ moisturizers. Often these oily moisturizing
agents are lather depressants. Use of the bar pouf retainer
allows these relatively low surfactant, moisturizer-containing
bars to be utilized without sacrificing lather.
In addition, synthetic bars tend to be softer/mushier than
pure soap bars. Use of the bar container provides sensory
signals which allow the consumer to sense less mush. Lesser
lather and mush perception are not problems normally
associated with non-synthetic soap bar.
Finally, preferred tubular mesh holders provide other
advantages one would expect from a nylon mesh bag such as
stimulating skin with the rough material; and/or allowing
bars to be readily held during the lathering experience.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a
soap bar cleansing system comprising:
(1) a synthetic surfactant bar composition comprising:
(a) 5% to 90% by wt., preferably 20% to 60% by
wt. synthetic surfactant selected from the
group consisting of anionic, nonionic,
amphoteric, cationic surfactants and mixtures
thereof; and (b) 10% to 90%, preferably 20% to 60% by wt. of a
bar structurant selected from the group
consisting of C8 to C24 fatty acids or ester
derivatives or salts thereof (e.g., sodium
stearate); C8 to C24 alcohols or ether
derivatives thereof; polyalkylene glycols
having MW between 1000 and 100,000, water
soluble starches (e.g., maltodextrin); and
hydrophobically modified water soluble
polymers (e.g., EO-PO block copolymers or
hydrophobically modified PEG); and (2) a light weight polymeric meshed personal cleansing
hand held sponge; wherein said sponge is in a form
suitable for use as a hand held cleansing
implement;
wherein said bar composition is inserted into said
sponge such that the sponge encloses the bar composition.
The surfactant bar composition of the invention may
comprise 5% to 60% surfactant and greater amounts of
structurant relative to surfactant. In addition, it may
comprise benefit agent.
In one embodiment the composition comprises:
(a) 5 to 60% surfactant; (b) 10% to 70% by wt. structurant; and (c) 0.01 to 15% by wt. benefit agent/emollient.
In another embodiment, the sponge, in addition to
containing/enveloping the bar, additionally has an insert
which is kept in the pouf container/sponge during use of
soap-in-container.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figures 1-3 are picture of polymeric meshed material as
a sponge (no insert) of prior art.
Specifically:
Figure 1 is a perspective representation of a diamond
mesh polymeric sponge. Rope handle 7 may be used for the
pouf.
Figure 2 is a picture showing how the sponge can be held
in the hand.
Figure 3 shows netting mesh which can be used to make
the sponge.
The ease with which a cleaning polymeric mesh sponge can
be held in the hand for cleaning is shown in Figure 2. A
security band 13 holds the multi-layered netting mesh
together to form the polymeric mesh sponge.
The netting mesh that can be used in making the
polymeric mesh sponge is illustrated in Figure 3 wherein 21
represents the mesh in stretched position. The fine
polymeric filaments used in making the netting are
represented by 18 with 19 representing the spot bonding of
the filaments to form the open mesh 20.
Figure 4 is a figure of pouf "bag" of invention designed to
hold a bar inserted therein. The figure shows bag in closed
position (bar would be inside) with drawstring pulled to
close bag. The bag is made of polymeric meshed material.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cleansing system
comprising a bar composition and a sponge/pouf completely
enclosing/envelop said bar.
More specifically, the system comprises:
(1) a synthetic surfactant bar composition comprising:
(a) 5% to 90% by wt., preferably 20 to 60%
synthetic surfactant selected from the group
consisting of anionic, nonionic, amphoteric
and cationic surfactants and mixtures thereof;
and (b) 10% to 90%, preferably 20 to 60% by wt. of a
bar structurant and/or filler selected from
the group consisting of C8 to C24 fatty acid or
ester derivatives thereof or salts thereof;
C8 to C24 alcohols or ether derivatives
thereof; polyalkylene glycol having MW between
1000 and 100,000, preferably 200 and 20,000,
starches and hydrophobically modified water
soluble polymers such as EO-PO block
copolymers or hydrophobically modified
polyalkyleneglycol; and (2) a light weight polymeric meshed personal cleansing
hand held sponge;
wherein said sponge is in a form suitable for use in a
hand held cleansing implement; and wherein said bar composition is inserted into said
sponge such that the sponge encloses the bar composition.
I BAR COMPOSITION
Surfactant System
The anionic detergent active which may be used may be
aliphatic sulfonates, such as a primary alkane (e.g., C8-C22)
sulfonate, primary alkane (e.g., C8-C22) disulfonate, C8-C22
alkene sulfonate, C8-C22 hydroxyalkane sulfonate or alkyl
glyceryl ether sulfonate (AGS); or aromatic sulfonates such
as alkyl benzene sulfonate.
The anionic may also be an alkyl sulfate (e.g., C12-C18
alkyl sulfate) or alkyl ether sulfate (including alkyl
glyceryl ether sulfates). Among the alkyl ether sulfates are
those having the formula:
RO(CH2CH2O)nSO3M
wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl having 8 to 18 carbons,
preferably 12 to 18 carbons, n has an average value of
greater than 1.0, preferably greater than 3; and M is a
solubilizing cation such as sodium, potassium, ammonium or
substituted ammonium. Ammonium and sodium lauryl ether
sulfates are preferred.
The anionic may also be alkyl sulfosuccinates (including
mono- and dialkyl, e.g., C6-C22 sulfosuccinates); alkyl and
acyl taurates, alkyl and acyl sarcosinates, sulfoacetates,
C8-C22, alkyl phosphates and phosphates, alkyl phosphate esters
and alkoxyl alkyl phosphate esters, acyl lactates, C8-C22
monoalkyl succinates and maleates, sulphoacetates, alkyl
glucosides and acyl isethionates.
Sulfosuccinates may be monoalkyl sulfosuccinates having
the formula:
R4O2CCH2CH(SO3M)CO2M;
and
amide-MEA sulfosuccinates of the formula;
R4CONHCH2CH2O2CCH2CH(SO3M)CO2M
wherein R4 ranges from C8-C22 alkyl and M is a
solubilizing cation.
Sarcosinates are generally indicated by the formula:
R1CON(CH3)CH2CO2M,
wherein R1 ranges from C8-C20 alkyl and M is a
solubilizing cation.
Taurates are generally identified by formula:
R2CONR3CH2CH2SO3M
wherein R2 ranges from C8-C20 alkyl, R3 ranges from C1-C4
alkyl and M is a solubilizing cation.
Particularly preferred are the C8-C18 acyl isethionates.
These esters are prepared by reaction between alkali metal
isethionate with mixed aliphatic fatty acids having from 6 to
18 carbon atoms and an iodine value of less than 20. At
least 75% of the mixed fatty acids have from 12 to 18 carbon
atoms and up to 25% have from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
Acyl isethionates, when present, will generally range
from about 10% to about 70% by weight of the total bar
composition. Preferably, this component is present from
about 30% to about 60%.
The acyl isethionate may be an alkoxylated isethionate
such as is described in Ilardi et al., U.S. Patent No.
5,393,466, hereby incorporated by reference. This compound
has the general formula:
wherein R is an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbons, m is
an integer from 1 to 4, X and Y are hydrogen or an alkyl
group having 1 to 4 carbons and M
+ is a monovalent cation such
as, for example, sodium, potassium or ammonium.
It should be understood that the bar may comprise a
certain amount of soap as anionic surfactant. Since the
invention is related to use of synthetic surfactants inside a
sponge, however, it will be understood that there must be a
minimum level of synthetic, i.e., at least 5% of all
surfactant, preferably at least 20%, more preferably, at
least 50% of all surfactant and most preferably 60 to 100% of
the surfactant system.
When used, the term "soap" is used in its popular sense,
i.e., alkalimetal or alkanol ammonium salt of aliphatic
alkane or alkene monocarboxylic acids. Sodium, potassium,
mono-, di- and triethanol ammonium cations, or combinations
thereof, are suitable for purposes of the invention.
Generally, sodium soaps are used. Soaps useful herein are
the well known alkali metal salts of natural or synthetic
aliphatic (alkanoic or alkenoic) acids having 13 to 22
cations, preferably 12 to 18. They may be described as
alkali metal carboxylates of acrylic hydrocarbons having
about 12 to 22 carbons.
Amphoteric surfactants which may be used in this
invention include at least one acid group. This may be a
carboxylic or a sulphonic acid group. They include
quaternary nitrogen and therefore are quaternary amido acids.
They should generally include an alkyl or alkenyl group of 7
to 18 carbon atoms. They will usually comply with an overall
structural formula:
where
R1 is alkyl or alkenyl of 7 to 18 carbon atoms;
R
2 and R
3 are each independently alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or
carboxyalkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
m is 2 to 4; n is 0 to 1; X is alkylene of 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally
substituted with hydroxyl, and Y is -CO2- or -SO3-
Suitable amphoteric surfactants within the above general
formula include simple betaines of formula:
and amido betaines of formula:
where n is 2 or 3.
In both formulae R1 , R2 and R3 are as defined
previously. R1 may in particular be a mixture of C12 and C14
alkyl groups derived from coconut so that at least half,
preferably at least three quarters of the groups R1 have 10 to
14 carbon atoms. R2 and R3 are preferably methyl.
A further possibility is that the amphoteric detergent
is a sulphobetaine of formula:
or
where m is 2 or 3, or variants of these in which -(CH
2)
3
SO
3 - is replaced by
In these formulae R1, R2 and R3 are as discussed
previously.
The nonionics which may be used include in particular
the reaction products of compounds having a hydrophobic group
and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example aliphatic alcohols,
acids, amides or alkylphenols with alkylene oxides,
especially ethylene oxide either alone or with propylene
oxide. Specific nonionic detergent compounds are alkyl
(C6-C22) phenols ethylene oxide condensates, the condensation
products of aliphatic (C8-C18) primary or secondary linear or
branched alcohols with ethylene oxide, and products made by
condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction products of
propylene oxide and ethylenediamine. Other so-called
nonionic detergent compounds include long chain tertiary
amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides and
dialkyl sulphoxides.
The nonionic may also be a sugar amide, such as a
polysaccharide amide. Specifically, the surfactant may be
one of the lactobionamides described in U.S. Patent No.
5,389,279 to Au et al. which is hereby incorporated by
reference or it may be one of the sugar amides described in
Patent Nol 5,009,814 to Kelkenberg, hereby incorporated into
the subject application by reference.
Examples of cationic detergents are the quaternary
ammonium compounds such as alkyldimethylammonium halogenides.
Other surfactants which may be used are described in
U.S. Patent No. 3,723,325 to Parran Jr. and "Surface Active
Agents and Detergents" (Vol. I & II) by Schwartz, Perry &
Berch, both of which are also incorporated into the subject
application by reference.
One preferable surfactant system comprises:
(a) a first synthetic surfactant which is anionic; and (b) a second synthetic surfactant selected from the
group consisting of a second anionic different from
the first, a nonionic, an amphoteric and mixtures
thereof.
The first anionic can be any of those recited above, but
is preferably a C8 to C18 isethionate as discussed above.
Preferably acyl isethionate will comprise 10% to 90% by wt.
total bar composition.
The second surfactant is preferably a sulfosuccinate, a
betaine or mixtures of the two. The second surfactant or
mixture of surfactant will generally comprise 1% to 10% total
bar composition. A particularly preferred composition
comprises enough sulfosuccinate to form 3-8% total bar
compositions and enough betaine to form 1-5% of total bar
composition.
Structuring Aids and/or Fillers
The compositions may also contain 10 to 90% by wt.,
preferably 20 to 80% by wt. of a structurant and/or filler.
Such structurants can be used to enhance the bar integrity,
improve the processing properties, and enhance desired user
sensory profiles.
The structurant is generally long chain, preferably
straight and saturated, (C8-C24) fatty acid or ester
derivative thereof; and/or branched long chain, preferably
straight and saturated, (C8-C24) alcohol or ether derivatives
thereof.
A preferred bar structurant is polyalkylene glycol with
molecular weight between 2000 and 20,000, preferably between
3000 and 10,000. Those PEGs are commercially available, such
as those marketed under the tradename of CARBOWAX SENTRY
PEG8000(R) or PEG4000(R) by Union Carbide.
Other ingredients that can be used as structurants or
fillers include starches, preferably water soluble starches
such as maltodextrin and polyethylene wax or paraffin wax.
Structuring aids can also be selected from water soluble
polymers chemically modified with hydrophobic moiety or
moieties, for example, EO-PO block copolymer, hydrophobically
modified PEGs such as POE(200)-glyceryl-stearate, glucam DOE
120 (PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate), and Hodag CSA-102
(PEG-150 stearate), and Rewoderm(R) (PEG modified glyceryl
cocoate, palmate or tallowate) from Rewo Chemicals.
Other structuring aids which may be used include
Amerchol Polymer HM 1500 (Nonoxynyl Hydroethyl Cellulose).
Optional Ingredients
In addition, the bar compositions of the invention may
include 0 to 15% by wt. optional ingredients as follows:
perfumes; sequestering agents, such as tetrasodium
ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), EHDP or mixtures in an
amount of 0.01 to 1%, preferably 0.01 to 0.05%; and coloring
agents, opacifiers and pearlizers such as zinc stearate,
magnesium stearate, TiO2, EGMS (ethylene glycol monostearate)
or Lytron 621 (Styrene/Acrylate copolymer); all of which are
useful in enhancing the appearance or cosmetic properties of
the product.
The compositions may further comprise antimicrobials
such as 2-hydroxy-4,2'4' trichlorodiphenylether (DP300);
preservatives such as dimethyloldimethylhydantoin (Glydant
XL1000), parabens, sorbic acid etc.
The compositions may also comprise coconut acyl mono- or
diethanol amides as suds boosters, and strongly ionizing
salts such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate may also be
used to advantage.
Antioxidants such as, for example, butylated
hydroxytoluene (BHT) may be used advantageously in amounts of
about 0.01% or higher if appropriate.
Cationic polymers as conditioners which may be used
include Quatrisoft LM-200 Polyquaternium-24, Merquat Plus
3330 - Polyquaternium 39; and Jaguar(R) type conditioners.
Polyethylene glycols as conditioners which may be used
include:
Polyox | WSR-205 | PEG 14M, |
Polyox | WSR-N-60K | PEG 45M, or |
Polyox | WSR-N-750 | PEG 7M. |
Another ingredient which may be included are exfoliants
such as polyoxyethylene beads, walnut shells and apricot
seeds.
Water
Compositions of the invention also comprise 1% to 10% by
wt., preferably 4% to 7% by wt. water.
In one embodiment of the invention, the bar composition
comprises no more than about 60% surfactant. Said
compositions also contain 10% to 70% by wt. structurant/filler.
Because of lower surfactant levels, such compositions
would be more "drying" on the skin and such compositions
would comprise 0.01 to 10% benefit agent/emollient.
A preferred composition comprises:
(1) 10% to 60% by wt. surfactant as defined above; (2) 10% to 35% by wt. structurant/filler as defined
above; and (3) 0.01 to 10% emollient/benefit agent.
The benefit agent "composition" may be a single benefit
agent component or it may be a benefit agent compound added
via a carrier. Further the benefit agent composition may be
a mixture of two or more compounds one or all of which may
have a beneficial aspect. In addition, the benefit agent
itself may act as a carrier for other components one may wish
to add to the bar composition.
The benefit agent can be an "emollient oil" by which is
meant a substance which softens the skin (stratum corneum) by
increasing into water content and keeping it soft by
retarding decrease of water content.
Preferred emollients include:
(a) silicone oils, gums and modifications thereof such
as linear and cyclic polydimethylsiloxanes; amino,
alkyl alkylaryl and aryl silicone oils; (b) fats and oils including natural fats and oils such
as jojoba, soybean, rice bran, avocado, almond,
olive, sesame, persic, castor, coconut, mink oils;
cacao fat; beef tallow, lard; hardened oils
obtained by hydrogenating the aforementioned oils;
and synthetic mono, di and triglycerides such as
myristic acid glyceride and 2-ethylhexanoic acid
glyceride; (c) waxes such as carnauba, spermaceti, beeswax,
lanolin and derivatives thereof; (d) hydrophobic plant extracts; (e) hydrocarbons such as liquid paraffins, vaseline,
microcrystalline wax, ceresin, squalene, pristan
and mineral oil; (f) higher fatty acids such as lauric, myristic,
palmitic, stearic, behenic, oleic, linoleic,
linolenic, lanolic, isostearic and poly unsaturated
fatty acids (PUFA); (g) higher alcohols such as lauryl, cetyl, stearyl,
oleyl, behenyl, cholesterol and 2-hexydecanol
alcohol; (h) esters such as cetyl octanoate, myristyl lactate,
cetyl lactate, isopropyl myristate, myristyl
myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl adipate,
butyl stearate, decyl oleate, cholesterol
isostearate, glycerol monostearate, glycerol
distearate, glycerol tristearate, alkyl lactate,
alkyl citrate and alkyl tartrate; (i) essential oils such as mentha, jasmine, camphor,
white cedar, bitter orange peel, ryu, turpentine,
cinnamon, bergamot, citrus unshiu, calamus, pine,
lavender, bay, clove, hiba, eucalyptus, lemon,
starflower, thyme, peppermint, rose, sage, menthol,
cineole, eugenol, citral, citronelle, borneol,
linalool, geraniol, evening primrose, camphor,
thymol, spirantol, penene, limonene and terpenoid
oils; (j) lipids such as cholesterol, ceramides, sucrose
esters and pseudo-ceramides as described in
European Patent Specification No. 556,957; (k) vitamins such as vitamin A and E, and vitamin alkyl
esters, including those vitamin C alkyl esters; (l) sunscreens such as octyl methoxyl cinnamate (Parsol
MCX) and butyl methoxy benzoylmethane (Parsol
1789); (m) phospholipids; and (n) mixtures of any of the foregoing components.
A particularly preferred benefit agent is silicone,
preferably silicones having viscosity greater than about
10,000 centipoise. The silicone may be a gum and/or it may
be a mixture of silicones. One example is
polydimethylsiloxane having viscosity of about 60,000
centistokes.
II SPONGE/IMPLEMENT
The cleansing system of the invention additionally
comprises a light weight polymeric meshed personal hand held
sponge.
The cleansing polymeric mesh sponge can be prepared from
readily available raw materials or with specially designed
mesh materials. The polymeric mesh sponge is preferably
prepared from extruded tubular netting mesh which has been
prepared from special strong and flexible polymeric material.
Extruded tubular netting mesh of this type, and particularly
those prepared from polyethylene, have been used for the
covering of meat and poultry and are readily available in
industry.
The polymeric mesh sponge comprises a plurality of plys
of an extruded tubular netting mesh prepared from a strong
flexible polymer, preferably of the group consisting of
addition polymers of olefin monomers, and polyamides of
polycarboxylic acids and polyamines, said plys of tubular
netting mesh are folded upon itself numerous times to form a
soft ball-like polymeric mesh sponge.
The tubes or stripes of netted mesh polymer can be
securely attached by means of a nylon band or suitable
closure. This type of polymeric mesh sponge is disclosed in
U.S. Patent No. 4,462,135, July 31, 1984, to Sanford,
incorporated herein by reference.
An example of a hand-held ball-like polymeric mesh
sponge is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,144,744, to
Campagnoli, September 8, 1992, incorporated herein by
reference. It is a diamond-mesh polyethylene sponge obtained
from a number of netting tubes stretched over supports,
joined and bound together at the center and then released
from the supports.
Commercially available "polymeric mesh sponges" are sold
by The Body Shop and Bynum Concepts, Inc. Other suppliers
include Supremia Use in New Jersey, Sponge Factory Dominicana
in the Dominican Republic and Integrated Marketing Group in
Harrison, New York.
The following are some, although certainly not all,
specifications for suitable bath polyethylene polymeric mesh
sponges:
Size Dia. | Tubes . | Ea Length | Total Length | Wt. gm. |
3" | 2 | 60 cm | 120 cm | 15 |
4" | 4 | 50 cm | 200 cm | 23 |
5" | 4 | 80 cm | 320 cm | 37 |
One (1") inch = 2.54 cm; 3" = 3 x 2.54 - cm: 4" = 4 x 2.54 =
cm: etc.
Figure 1 is a perspective representation of a diamond-mesh
polymeric hand held ball-like bath sponge showing a rope
handle 7 which can be used in the present invention. The
ease with which a cleansing polymeric mesh sponge can be held
in the hand for cleaning is shown in Figure 2. A security
band 13 hold the multi-layered netting mesh together to form
the polymeric mesh sponge. The netting mesh that can be used
in making the polymeric mesh sponge is illustrated in Figure
3. wherein 21 represents the mesh in stretched position.
The fine polymeric filaments used in making the netting are
represented by 18 with 19 representing the spot bonding of
the filaments to form the open mesh 20.
Two 2 netting tubes at 60 cm length each can be used to
make a 3-inch ball sponge. They can be bundled manually with
a loop or rope to form a ball-like polymeric mesh sponge.
Other designs such and rectangular gloves and washing
implements made with the mesh material also work very well in
the system of the present invention.
As seen in Figure 4, the bag has an opening into which
bar is inserted. Typically there is some form of closure
mechanism, e.g., a drawstring around the outside of the bag
which can be drawn or closed once the bar is inside. Other
closure systems may also be used in theory.
The following examples are intended to better illustrate
the invention and are not intended to be limiting in any way.
EXAMPLES
Bars having the following general formulation were used
to determine differences in lather performance.
BAR A | % BY WT. |
Fatty acid isethionate | 40-60% |
Free fatty acids | 15-35% |
Sodium isethionate | 3-8% |
Sulfosuccinate | 3-8% |
Betaine | 1-5% |
Water & minors | to balance |
BAR B | % BY WT. |
Fatty acid isethionate | 25-55% |
Polyalkylene glycol | 20-30% |
Free fatty acid | 5-10% |
Betaine | 3-8% |
Emollient oil | 2-15% |
Starch (e.g., maltodextrin) | 5-10% |
Water & minors | to balance |
Bar B compositions were used with and without a pouf
implement.
Protocol
A consumer study was conducted wherein consumers were
given either Bar A, Bar B with pouf or Bar B without pouf to
use at home for a period of two weeks and asked to fill out a
questionnaire.
Relevant to the subject invention, the following
questions relating to lather attributes were presented.
1. The bar provided sufficient lather during the
shower; 2. The bar provided sufficient lather during facial
washing. 3. The bar lather was bubbly; and 4. The bar lather was thick and creamy.
For each statement, the subjects were giving a choice of
7 responses ranging as follows:
(1) Disagree completely; (2) Disagree strongly; (3) Disagree somewhat; (4) Neither agree nor disagree; (5) Agree somewhat; (6) Agree strongly; and (7) Agree completely.
Using standard and well known statistical analysis
techniques, significant differences were found between the
responses for Bar B with pouf compared to Bar B without pouf
for statements 1 and 3 above (lather during shower and
bubbles). Significant difference is measured at 99.557 and
99.98% confidence levels respectively.
For statement 4 (lather thick and creamy) statistical
analysis showed significant difference between Bar B with
pouf relative to Bar B without pouf at 94.06 confidence
level.
No statistic difference was found for statement 2
relating to facial washing. while not wishing to be bound by
theory, this may be because people removed the bars from pouf
for facial washing or that differences are not as readily
noted when washing the face.