EP0861948A1 - Steel fibre for reinforcement of high-performance concrete - Google Patents
Steel fibre for reinforcement of high-performance concrete Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0861948A1 EP0861948A1 EP97200582A EP97200582A EP0861948A1 EP 0861948 A1 EP0861948 A1 EP 0861948A1 EP 97200582 A EP97200582 A EP 97200582A EP 97200582 A EP97200582 A EP 97200582A EP 0861948 A1 EP0861948 A1 EP 0861948A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- steel fibre
- steel
- anchorages
- fibre
- performance concrete
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/012—Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres
Definitions
- the invention relates to a steel fibre for reinforcement of high-performance concrete or mortar.
- BE-A3-1005815 (N.V. BEKAERT S.A.) teaches that for conventional concretes with a compressive strength ranging from 30 MPa to 50 MPa, it makes no sense to increase the tensile strength of a steel fibre above 1300 MPa since an increase in tensile strength does not add any increase in flexural strength to the reinforced concrete.
- BE 1005815 further teaches, however, that for concretes with an increased compressive strength, the tensile strength of the steel fibres should increase proportionally.
- WO-A1-95/01316 (BOUYGUES) adapts the average length of metal fibres to the maximum size of granular elements which are present in high-performance concrete so that metal fibres act as conventional rebars in high-performance concrete.
- the volume percentage of metal fibres in high-performance concrete is relatively high and ranges between 1.0 % and 4.0 % of the concrete volume after setting.
- a steel fibre for reinforcement of high-performance concrete or mortar has a length ranging from 3 mm to 30 mm, a thickness ranging from 0.08 mm to 0.30 mm and a tensile strength greater than 2000 MPa, e.g. greater than 2500 MPa, or greater than 3000 MPa.
- the steel fibre is provided with anchorages the dimension of which in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the steel fibre is maximum 50 %, e.g. maximum 25 %, e.g. maximum 15 % of the thickness.
- the compression strength is the strength as measured by ASTM-Standard N° C39-80 on a cube of concrete of 150 mm edge, where the cube is pressed between two parallel surfaces until rupture.
- the term 'thickness' of a steel fibre refers to the smallest cross-sectional dimension of a straight steel fibre without the anchorages.
- the term 'anchorage' refers to any deviation from a straight steel fibre with a uniform transversal cross-section where the deviation helps to improve the anchorage or staying of the steel fibre in the concrete.
- the term 'anchorage' does not refer to small bendings, i.e. bendings with a high radius of curvature, in the steel fibre which are a result of the steel wire having been wound on a spool before the final drawing and/or cutting. Steel fibres with only such small bendings which are the result of the previous winding of the steel wire, are still considered as 'straight' steel fibres.
- the advantage of the present invention may be explained as follows. Concretes have a so-called interfacial zone between the cement paste and aggregates added to the concrete. This interfacial zone can be studied by means of a scanning electronic microscope (SEM). It has been observed that due to an increased presence of water in the neighbourhood of the aggregates, cement hydration is accelerated in the interfacial zone, resulting in the presence of calcium hydroxide intermixed with calcium-silica-hydrates and ettringite in the interfacial zone. The consequence is an interfacial zone with a relatively high degree of porosity. This interfacial zone forms the weakest link of the concrete and determines to a large extent its strength which tends to be smaller than the strength of its cement paste.
- SEM scanning electronic microscope
- the thickness of the interfacial zone ranges from about 50 ⁇ m (micrometer) to about 100 ⁇ m around the aggregates.
- a similar interfacial zone has been observed around steel fibres added to the concrete.
- high-performance concretes are characterized by :
- the anchorages are not limited to a particular form or way of manufacturing.
- the anchorages may take the form of bendings or waves on condition that their dimension in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the steel fibre is limited in size.
- the anchorages may also take the form of micro-roughenings, e.g. obtained by means of a controlled oxidation or by means of a controlled etching operation.
- the steel fibre according to the invention has no bendings or waves.
- the absence of any bendings or waves increases the mixability of the fibre in the high-performance concrete. This is very important since the volume percentage of steel fibres in high-performance concrete is substantially higher than in conventional concretes, and the higher this volume percentage the greater the risk for mixing problems.
- the anchorages are indentations which are distributed along the length of a straight steel fibre.
- the depth of these indentations ranges from 5 % to 25 % of the thickness of the steel fibre without indentations.
- the depth of these indentations ranges from 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm.
- the indentations may be provided at regular distances along the length of the steel fibre.
- the steel fibre is provided with flattenings at both ends of the steel fibre.
- the thickness of the flattened ends may range from 50 % to 85 % of the thickness of the non-flattened steel fibre.
- Such a steel fibre has preferably an elongation at fracture which is greater than 4 %.
- a steel fibre according to the present invention preferably has a carbon content above 0.40 %, e.g. above 0.82 %, or above 0.96 %.
- FIGURE 1(a) shows a steel fibre 10 which is provided with indentations 12 which are regularly distributed along its length.
- FIGURE 1(b) illustrates in more detail an indentation 12.
- the steel fibre 10 has a length of 13 mm, and - apart from the indentations 12 - a round cross-section with a diameter of 0.20 mm.
- the indentations 12 are provided both at the upper side and at the under side of the steel fibre 10.
- the distance (pitch) between two indentations at the upper or at the under side is about 1.50 mm.
- FIGURE 2 illustrates how a steel fibre 10 with indentations 12 can be manufactured.
- a steel wire 14 is drawn by means of a winding drum 16 through a (final) reduction die 18. Having reached its final diameter the wire 14 is further guided to two wheels 20 which are both provided at their surface with protrusions 21 in order to bring the indentations 12 in the wire 14.
- the two wheels 20 give the necessary pulling force to guide the wire 14 from the winding drum 16 to a cutting tool 22 where the steel wire 14 is cut in steel fibres 10 of the same lengths.
- FIGUREs 3(a) and 3(b) illustrate a straight steel fibre 10 with flattened ends 24.
- the flattened ends 24 provide the anchorage in the high-performance concrete.
- the steel fibre 10 has no burrs since burrs could provoke concentrations of tensions in the concrete and these concentrations could lead to initiation of cracks.
- the transition in the steel fibre 10 from the round transversal cross-section to the flattened ends 24 should not be abrupt but should be gradually and smooth.
- the steel fibre 10 has following dimensions : a length of 13 mm, a diameter of a round cross-section of 0.20 mm, a thickness d of the flattened ends 24 of 0.15 mm and a length e of the flattened ends 24 - transition zone included - of 1.0 mm.
- FIGURE 4 illustrates how a steel fibre 10 with flattened ends 24 can be manufactured by means of two rolls 26 which give flattenings to a steel wire 14 and simultaneously cut the steel wire into separate steel fibres.
- a steel fibre 10 according to this second embodiment will be anchored in the high-performance concrete only at the ends 24 (and not along its length as in the first embodiment), it is preferable to increase the potential of plastic energy in the steel fibre by applying a suitable thermal treatment in order to increase the elongation at fracture of the steel fibre 10.
- a suitable thermal treatment is known as such in the art.
- the thermal treatment can be applied by passing the steel wire 14 through a high-frequency or mid-frequency induction coil of a length that is adapted to the speed of the steel wire and to heat the steel wire 14 to about more than 400 °C.
- the steel wire will suffer from a certain decrease of its tensile strength (about 10 to 15 %) but at the same time will see its elongation at fracture increase. In this way the plastic elongation can be increased to more than 5% and even to 6%.
- the composition of the steel fibre may vary to a large extent. Conventionally it comprises a minimum carbon content of 0.40 % (e.g. at least 0.80 %, e.g. 0.96 %), a manganese content ranging from 0.20 to 0.90 % and a silicon content ranging from 0.10 to 0.90 %.
- the sulphur and phosphorous contents are each preferably kept below 0.03 %. Additional elements such as chromium (up to 0.2 à 0.4 %), boron, cobalt, nickel, vanadium ... may be added to the composition in order to reduce the degree of reduction required for obtaining a particularly tensile strength.
- the steel fibre can be provided with a coating such as a metallic coating.
- a coating such as a metallic coating.
- it can be provided with a copper alloy coating in order to increase its drawability or it can be provided with a zinc or alluminium alloy coating in order to increase its corrosion resistance.
- the steel fibre according to the present invention is not limited to particular tensile strengths of the steel fibre.
- tensile strengths can be obtained ranging from moderate values of 2000 MPa to higher values of 3500 MPa, 4000 MPa and even higher. It is preferable, however, to adapt the tensile strength of the steel fibre both to the compression strength of the high-performance concrete and to the quality of the anchorage in the high-performance concrete. The higher the degree of anchorage in the concrete, the more useful it is to further increase the tensile strength of the steel fibre itself.
- the steel fibres according to the invention may be glued together by means of a suitable binder which looses its binding ability when mixing with the other components of the high-performance concrete.
- a suitable binder which looses its binding ability when mixing with the other components of the high-performance concrete.
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
Abstract
A steel fibre (10) for reinforcement of high-performance concrete or
mortar has a length ranging from 3 mm to 30 mm, a thickness ranging
from 0.08 mm to 0.30 mm, and a tensile strength greater than 2000
MPa. The steel fibre is provided with anchorages (12, 24) the
dimension of which in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of
the steel fibre is maximum 50 % of the thickness. These anchorages
provide an effective staying in the high-performance concrete without
influencing the mixability of the steel fibres in a negative way.
Description
The invention relates to a steel fibre for reinforcement of high-performance
concrete or mortar.
It is known in the art to reinforce high-performance concretes by means
of steel fibres.
BE-A3-1005815 (N.V. BEKAERT S.A.) teaches that for conventional
concretes with a compressive strength ranging from 30 MPa to 50 MPa,
it makes no sense to increase the tensile strength of a steel fibre above
1300 MPa since an increase in tensile strength does not add any
increase in flexural strength to the reinforced concrete. BE 1005815
further teaches, however, that for concretes with an increased
compressive strength, the tensile strength of the steel fibres should
increase proportionally.
WO-A1-95/01316 (BOUYGUES) adapts the average length of metal
fibres to the maximum size of granular elements which are present in
high-performance concrete so that metal fibres act as conventional
rebars in high-performance concrete. The volume percentage of metal
fibres in high-performance concrete is relatively high and ranges
between 1.0 % and 4.0 % of the concrete volume after setting.
It is an object of the present invention to further optimize the geometry
and the tensile strength of steel fibres to high-performance concrete.
It is also an object of the present invention to reduce mixing problems when reinforcing high-performance concrete with high volume percentages of steel fibres.
It is another object of the present invention to improve the anchorage of steel fibres in the reinforcement of high-performance concrete.
It is also an object of the present invention to reduce mixing problems when reinforcing high-performance concrete with high volume percentages of steel fibres.
It is another object of the present invention to improve the anchorage of steel fibres in the reinforcement of high-performance concrete.
According to the present invention there is provided a steel fibre for
reinforcement of high-performance concrete or mortar. The steel fibre
has a length ranging from 3 mm to 30 mm, a thickness ranging from
0.08 mm to 0.30 mm and a tensile strength greater than 2000 MPa, e.g.
greater than 2500 MPa, or greater than 3000 MPa. The steel fibre is
provided with anchorages the dimension of which in a direction
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the steel fibre is maximum 50 %,
e.g. maximum 25 %, e.g. maximum 15 % of the thickness.
The terms 'high-performance concrete or mortar' refer to concrete or
mortar the compression strength of which is higher than 75 MPa (1 MPa
= 1 Mega-Pascal = 1 Newton/mm2), e.g. higher than 200 MPa. The
compression strength is the strength as measured by ASTM-Standard
N° C39-80 on a cube of concrete of 150 mm edge, where the cube is
pressed between two parallel surfaces until rupture.
The term 'thickness' of a steel fibre refers to the smallest cross-sectional dimension of a straight steel fibre without the anchorages.
The term 'anchorage' refers to any deviation from a straight steel fibre with a uniform transversal cross-section where the deviation helps to improve the anchorage or staying of the steel fibre in the concrete.
Within the context of the present invention, the term 'anchorage' does not refer to small bendings, i.e. bendings with a high radius of curvature, in the steel fibre which are a result of the steel wire having been wound on a spool before the final drawing and/or cutting. Steel fibres with only such small bendings which are the result of the previous winding of the steel wire, are still considered as 'straight' steel fibres.
The term 'thickness' of a steel fibre refers to the smallest cross-sectional dimension of a straight steel fibre without the anchorages.
The term 'anchorage' refers to any deviation from a straight steel fibre with a uniform transversal cross-section where the deviation helps to improve the anchorage or staying of the steel fibre in the concrete.
Within the context of the present invention, the term 'anchorage' does not refer to small bendings, i.e. bendings with a high radius of curvature, in the steel fibre which are a result of the steel wire having been wound on a spool before the final drawing and/or cutting. Steel fibres with only such small bendings which are the result of the previous winding of the steel wire, are still considered as 'straight' steel fibres.
The advantage of the present invention may be explained as follows.
Concretes have a so-called interfacial zone between the cement paste
and aggregates added to the concrete. This interfacial zone can be
studied by means of a scanning electronic microscope (SEM). It has
been observed that due to an increased presence of water in the
neighbourhood of the aggregates, cement hydration is accelerated in
the interfacial zone, resulting in the presence of calcium hydroxide
intermixed with calcium-silica-hydrates and ettringite in the interfacial
zone. The consequence is an interfacial zone with a relatively high
degree of porosity. This interfacial zone forms the weakest link of the
concrete and determines to a large extent its strength which tends to be
smaller than the strength of its cement paste. The thickness of the
interfacial zone ranges from about 50 µm (micrometer) to about 100 µm
around the aggregates. A similar interfacial zone has been observed
around steel fibres added to the concrete.
In comparison with conventional concretes, high-performance concretes are characterized by :
In comparison with conventional concretes, high-performance concretes are characterized by :
In order to have an effective anchorage or staying in conventional concretes, steel fibres must have anchorages with dimensions that are a few times the thickness of the interfacial zone, i.e. a few times 50 µm à 100 µm. Anchorages with smaller dimensions will not work to the same degree, since they would not bridge adequately the interfacial zone.
In contradiction with the interfacial zone of conventional concrete, the interfacial zone of high-performance concretes is either not so weak or not so thick or even not existent. The result is that steel fibres provided with anchorages of a small dimension work effectively.
A supplementary advantage of the smaller dimensions of the anchorage is that the mixing problem of steel fibres in the concrete is reduced since the dimensions of bendings or waves (if any) of the steel fibres can be limited in size.
Another advantage is that, due to the improved anchorage, the volume of steel fibres needed for a required performance of the concrete, may be reduced, which also reduces considerably the degree of mixing problems.
Within the context of the present invention the anchorages are not
limited to a particular form or way of manufacturing. The anchorages
may take the form of bendings or waves on condition that their
dimension in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the
steel fibre is limited in size. The anchorages may also take the form of
micro-roughenings, e.g. obtained by means of a controlled oxidation or
by means of a controlled etching operation.
Preferably the steel fibre according to the invention has no bendings or
waves. The absence of any bendings or waves increases the mixability
of the fibre in the high-performance concrete. This is very important
since the volume percentage of steel fibres in high-performance
concrete is substantially higher than in conventional concretes, and the
higher this volume percentage the greater the risk for mixing problems.
In a first preferable embodiment of the invention the anchorages are
indentations which are distributed along the length of a straight steel
fibre. The depth of these indentations ranges from 5 % to 25 % of the
thickness of the steel fibre without indentations. For example, the depth
of these indentations ranges from 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm. The
indentations may be provided at regular distances along the length of
the steel fibre.
In a second preferable embodiment of the invention the steel fibre is
provided with flattenings at both ends of the steel fibre. The thickness of
the flattened ends may range from 50 % to 85 % of the thickness of the
non-flattened steel fibre. Such a steel fibre has preferably an elongation
at fracture which is greater than 4 %.
In order to provide the required tensile strength, a steel fibre according
to the present invention preferably has a carbon content above 0.40 %,
e.g. above 0.82 %, or above 0.96 %.
The invention will now be described into more detail with reference to
the accompanying drawings wherein
- FIGURE 1(a) gives a global view of a steel fibre provided with indentations along its length ;
- FIGURE 1(b) gives an enlarged view of an indentation ;
- FIGURE 2 schematically illustrates how a steel fibre with indentations can be manufactured ;
- FIGURE 3(a) gives an side view and FIGURE 3(b) gives an upper view of a steel fibre with flattened ends ;
- FIGURE 4 schematically illustrates how a steel fibre with flattened ends can be manufactured.
FIGURE 1(a) shows a steel fibre 10 which is provided with indentations
12 which are regularly distributed along its length. FIGURE 1(b)
illustrates in more detail an indentation 12. For example, the steel fibre
10 has a length of 13 mm, and - apart from the indentations 12 - a round
cross-section with a diameter of 0.20 mm. The size a of an indentation
12 in the longitudinal direction is 0.50 mm and the depth b of an
indentation 12 is 0.010 mm (= 10 µm). The indentations 12 are provided
both at the upper side and at the under side of the steel fibre 10. The
distance (pitch) between two indentations at the upper or at the under
side is about 1.50 mm.
FIGURE 2 illustrates how a steel fibre 10 with indentations 12 can be
manufactured. A steel wire 14 is drawn by means of a winding drum 16
through a (final) reduction die 18. Having reached its final diameter the
wire 14 is further guided to two wheels 20 which are both provided at
their surface with protrusions 21 in order to bring the indentations 12 in
the wire 14. The two wheels 20 give the necessary pulling force to
guide the wire 14 from the winding drum 16 to a cutting tool 22 where
the steel wire 14 is cut in steel fibres 10 of the same lengths.
FIGUREs 3(a) and 3(b) illustrate a straight steel fibre 10 with flattened
ends 24. The flattened ends 24 provide the anchorage in the high-performance
concrete. Preferably the steel fibre 10 has no burrs since
burrs could provoke concentrations of tensions in the concrete and
these concentrations could lead to initiation of cracks. The transition in
the steel fibre 10 from the round transversal cross-section to the
flattened ends 24 should not be abrupt but should be gradually and
smooth. As an example the steel fibre 10 has following dimensions : a
length of 13 mm, a diameter of a round cross-section of 0.20 mm, a
thickness d of the flattened ends 24 of 0.15 mm and a length e of the
flattened ends 24 - transition zone included - of 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 4 illustrates how a steel fibre 10 with flattened ends 24 can be
manufactured by means of two rolls 26 which give flattenings to a steel
wire 14 and simultaneously cut the steel wire into separate steel fibres.
Since a steel fibre 10 according to this second embodiment will be
anchored in the high-performance concrete only at the ends 24 (and not
along its length as in the first embodiment), it is preferable to increase
the potential of plastic energy in the steel fibre by applying a suitable
thermal treatment in order to increase the elongation at fracture of the
steel fibre 10. Such a thermal treatment is known as such in the art.
The thermal treatment can be applied by passing the steel wire 14
through a high-frequency or mid-frequency induction coil of a length that
is adapted to the speed of the steel wire and to heat the steel wire 14 to
about more than 400 °C. The steel wire will suffer from a certain
decrease of its tensile strength (about 10 to 15 %) but at the same time
will see its elongation at fracture increase. In this way the plastic
elongation can be increased to more than 5% and even to 6%.
The composition of the steel fibre may vary to a large extent.
Conventionally it comprises a minimum carbon content of 0.40 % (e.g.
at least 0.80 %, e.g. 0.96 %), a manganese content ranging from 0.20 to
0.90 % and a silicon content ranging from 0.10 to 0.90 %. The sulphur
and phosphorous contents are each preferably kept below 0.03 %.
Additional elements such as chromium (up to 0.2 à 0.4 %), boron,
cobalt, nickel, vanadium ... may be added to the composition in order to
reduce the degree of reduction required for obtaining a particularly
tensile strength.
The steel fibre can be provided with a coating such as a metallic
coating. For example it can be provided with a copper alloy coating in
order to increase its drawability or it can be provided with a zinc or
alluminium alloy coating in order to increase its corrosion resistance.
The steel fibre according to the present invention is not limited to
particular tensile strengths of the steel fibre. For steel fibres of 0.20 mm
thickness tensile strengths can be obtained ranging from moderate
values of 2000 MPa to higher values of 3500 MPa, 4000 MPa and even
higher. It is preferable, however, to adapt the tensile strength of the
steel fibre both to the compression strength of the high-performance
concrete and to the quality of the anchorage in the high-performance
concrete. The higher the degree of anchorage in the concrete, the more
useful it is to further increase the tensile strength of the steel fibre itself.
The steel fibres according to the invention may be glued together by
means of a suitable binder which looses its binding ability when mixing
with the other components of the high-performance concrete. The
applying of such a binder increases the mixability, as has been
explained in US-A-4,224,377. However, in the context of the present
invention, this is not strictly necessary.
Claims (9)
- A steel fibre for reinforcement of high-performance concrete or mortar,
said steel fibre having a length ranging from 3 mm to 30 mm,
a thickness ranging from 0.08 mm to 0.30 mm,
and a tensile strength greater than 2000 MPa,
said steel fibre being provided with anchorages the dimension of which in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the steel fibre is maximum 50 % of the thickness. - A steel fibre according to claim 1
wherein the dimension of said anchorages in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the steel fibre is maximum 25 % of the thickness. - A steel fibre according to claim 1 or 2
wherein the dimension of said anchorages in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the steel fibre is maximum 15 % of the thickness. - A steel fibre according to any one of claims 1 to 3
said steel fibre having no bendings. - A steel fibre according to any one claims 1 to 4
wherein said anchorages are indentations distributed along the length of the fibre. - A steel fibre according to claim 5
wherein the depth of said indentations ranges from 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm. - A steel fibre according to any one of claims 1 to 4
wherein said anchorages result in flattenings at both ends of the fibre. - A steel fibre according to claim 7
said steel fibre having a total elongation at fracture greater than 4 %. - A steel fibre according to any one of the preceding claims
wherein said steel fibre has a carbon content being greater than 0.40%.
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97200582A EP0861948A1 (en) | 1997-02-28 | 1997-02-28 | Steel fibre for reinforcement of high-performance concrete |
AU68247/98A AU728927B2 (en) | 1997-02-28 | 1998-02-23 | Steel fibre for reinforcement of high-performance concrete |
US09/355,975 US6235108B1 (en) | 1997-02-28 | 1998-02-23 | Steel fiber for reinforcement of high-performance concrete |
EP98913607A EP0963494A1 (en) | 1997-02-28 | 1998-02-23 | Steel fibre for reinforcement of high-performance concrete |
CA002277971A CA2277971A1 (en) | 1997-02-28 | 1998-02-23 | Steel fibre for reinforcement of high-performance concrete |
JP53732298A JP2001513157A (en) | 1997-02-28 | 1998-02-23 | Steel fiber for high-performance concrete reinforcement |
BR9807869-0A BR9807869A (en) | 1997-02-28 | 1998-02-23 | Steel fiber for high performance concrete reinforcement |
PCT/EP1998/001126 WO1998038398A1 (en) | 1997-02-28 | 1998-02-23 | Steel fibre for reinforcement of high-performance concrete |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97200582A EP0861948A1 (en) | 1997-02-28 | 1997-02-28 | Steel fibre for reinforcement of high-performance concrete |
PCT/EP1998/001126 WO1998038398A1 (en) | 1997-02-28 | 1998-02-23 | Steel fibre for reinforcement of high-performance concrete |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0861948A1 true EP0861948A1 (en) | 1998-09-02 |
Family
ID=26070278
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97200582A Withdrawn EP0861948A1 (en) | 1997-02-28 | 1997-02-28 | Steel fibre for reinforcement of high-performance concrete |
EP98913607A Withdrawn EP0963494A1 (en) | 1997-02-28 | 1998-02-23 | Steel fibre for reinforcement of high-performance concrete |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98913607A Withdrawn EP0963494A1 (en) | 1997-02-28 | 1998-02-23 | Steel fibre for reinforcement of high-performance concrete |
Country Status (2)
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EP (2) | EP0861948A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998038398A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2000046460A1 (en) * | 1999-02-01 | 2000-08-10 | Vulkan Harex Stahlfasertechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Reinforcing fiber for reinforcing steel fiber concrete |
EP1130184A3 (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2001-12-12 | Horst Prof. Dr.-Ing. Falkner | Ferroconcrete column |
GB2383368A (en) * | 2001-12-24 | 2003-06-25 | Univ Sheffield | Fibre reinforced concrete |
WO2011041995A1 (en) * | 2009-10-08 | 2011-04-14 | Karl-Hermann Stahl | Metal fiber having a chamfer in the fiber edge extending in the longitudinal direction of the fiber |
US9511413B2 (en) | 2007-05-04 | 2016-12-06 | Cent & Cent Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method of making strip formed by web-connected wires |
US9630226B2 (en) | 2008-07-23 | 2017-04-25 | Cent & Cent Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for producing steel fibers |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU728927B2 (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 2001-01-18 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Steel fibre for reinforcement of high-performance concrete |
US20120261861A1 (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2012-10-18 | Bracegirdle P E | Nano-Steel Reinforcing Fibers in Concrete, Asphalt and Plastic Compositions and the Associated Method of Fabrication |
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FR2708263B1 (en) | 1993-07-01 | 1995-10-20 | Bouygues Sa | Composition of metal fiber concrete for molding a concrete element, elements obtained and thermal cure process. |
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1997
- 1997-02-28 EP EP97200582A patent/EP0861948A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-02-23 WO PCT/EP1998/001126 patent/WO1998038398A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-02-23 EP EP98913607A patent/EP0963494A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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DE2832495A1 (en) * | 1978-07-25 | 1980-02-07 | Thiel S Draadindustrie Thibodr | Punch and die for embedded anchoring filament mfr. - comprises wire with protrusions on flattened ends which can be twisted |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000046460A1 (en) * | 1999-02-01 | 2000-08-10 | Vulkan Harex Stahlfasertechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Reinforcing fiber for reinforcing steel fiber concrete |
EP1130184A3 (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2001-12-12 | Horst Prof. Dr.-Ing. Falkner | Ferroconcrete column |
GB2383368A (en) * | 2001-12-24 | 2003-06-25 | Univ Sheffield | Fibre reinforced concrete |
WO2003056112A1 (en) | 2001-12-24 | 2003-07-10 | University Of Sheffield | Fibre reinforced concrete |
GB2383368B (en) * | 2001-12-24 | 2005-11-09 | Univ Sheffield | Fibre reinforced concrete |
US7267873B2 (en) | 2001-12-24 | 2007-09-11 | Kypros Pilakoutas | Fiber reinforced concrete |
US9511413B2 (en) | 2007-05-04 | 2016-12-06 | Cent & Cent Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method of making strip formed by web-connected wires |
US9630226B2 (en) | 2008-07-23 | 2017-04-25 | Cent & Cent Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for producing steel fibers |
WO2011041995A1 (en) * | 2009-10-08 | 2011-04-14 | Karl-Hermann Stahl | Metal fiber having a chamfer in the fiber edge extending in the longitudinal direction of the fiber |
EA023056B1 (en) * | 2009-10-08 | 2016-04-29 | Цент Унд Цент Гмбх Унд Ко Кг | Metal fiber having a chamfer in the fiber edge extending in the longitudinal direction of the fiber |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0963494A1 (en) | 1999-12-15 |
WO1998038398A1 (en) | 1998-09-03 |
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