EP0861528A1 - Mobile phone set with antenna reflector - Google Patents

Mobile phone set with antenna reflector

Info

Publication number
EP0861528A1
EP0861528A1 EP96914832A EP96914832A EP0861528A1 EP 0861528 A1 EP0861528 A1 EP 0861528A1 EP 96914832 A EP96914832 A EP 96914832A EP 96914832 A EP96914832 A EP 96914832A EP 0861528 A1 EP0861528 A1 EP 0861528A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
reflector
user
head
radio telephone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96914832A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Willy Richartz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ascom Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
Ascom AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ascom AG filed Critical Ascom AG
Publication of EP0861528A1 publication Critical patent/EP0861528A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/3827—Portable transceivers
    • H04B1/3833—Hand-held transceivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/245—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with means for shaping the antenna pattern, e.g. in order to protect user against rf exposure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hand-held radio telephone with an antenna reflector which brings about a substantial reduction in the electromagnetic field radiated to the user and at the same time effectively prevents the influence on the antenna and the absorption of the electromagnetic field by the head or body of the user.
  • All antennas used to date for the above-mentioned devices have predominantly an omnidirectional characteristic. Seen from the function and the normal range requirements, e.g. in a cellular network, these omnidirectional antennas have proven their worth. At locations with poor radio technology or with critical radio distances, an increased radiation efficiency of> 2 dB in the desired direction would be advantageous on the transmitting and receiving side. That is, with a lower transmission power, the same range results and a longer battery life would be achieved.
  • the antenna is suitable for all radio telephones, e.g. Natel C, Natel D, etc. very close to the user. This has the effect that the usable radiation power is reduced to such an extent through power absorption and the dampening influence of the user's head or body on the omnidirectional antenna that in practice up to 70 percent of the radiation or reception power is converted into heat.
  • the attenuation in the radiation diagram in the direction of the user will therefore always be very high for handheld telephones with an integrated or directly attached antenna.
  • a large proportion of the power emitted against the user is almost completely absorbed in the area of the head and at frequencies above 800 MHz, predominantly in the skull area.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of drastically reducing the electromagnetic field acting on the body and primarily on the head region of the users of handheld radio telephones by at least -9 dB and simultaneously using the transmission power better by increasing the radiation efficiency.
  • the object is achieved with a large-area antenna reflector, which is due to the size of the hand-held radio telephone and the type and shape of the
  • Antenna has a distance to the antenna between 0.02 ⁇ - 0.5 ⁇ , i.e. in practice a little less than that
  • Housing depth of the radio is and is dimensioned for the best possible reverse attenuation. Together with the installed reflector, the antenna should be corrected and / or adjusted.
  • the reflector surface is preferably arranged frontally on the front of the device, vertically above the operating and speaker front, as is the antenna, but opposite and as close as possible to the rear of the housing in order to achieve a sufficient distance from the reflector.
  • the width of the reflector is approximately ⁇ equal to the housing width and is always greater than 0.08 ⁇ and the length is greater than the antenna length but always greater than 0.2 ⁇ .
  • the reflector is directly or capacitively connected to the HF earth - ground plane - antenna socket in accordance with the radio frequency.
  • the reflector So that the comfort of the handheld radio in standby mode is not affected by the reflector, For example, by means of a folding or rotating mechanism or on guide rails, they are moved to the front of the device in such a way that it also serves as a front cover for the operating elements, such as the keyboard field, loudspeaker and possibly microphone, so that the device can only be pushed out or opened ⁇ folded and functional reflector can be used and used.
  • the part of the radio device on the transmission side or in any case the high-frequency transmitter output stage should be replaced by a sensor system, e.g.
  • the fork contact for voice radio and dialing / calling operation are deactivated and / or the operator is made aware of the malfunction with a visual and / or acoustic warning.
  • the reflector with the antenna can also be attached to the floor, on the back, on the side or inside the device.
  • the front of the device can also be designed as a reflector or can be used in part as a reflector surface.
  • the reflector inevitably considerably reduces the radiation resistance and thus the base resistance of the open% ⁇ antenna. Therefore it can be partial to use a folded% ⁇ antenna emitter according to half of a folding dipole instead of the usual ⁇ ⁇ antenna, the end of which is directly connected to the HF earth. This applies in particular if the length of the antenna is to be shortened additionally.
  • Shortening occurs, for example. by a 180 ° fold of the antenna at a distance of approx. / 5 ⁇ - / 7 ⁇ from the base point or by multiple step-like folding of the antenna over a length of approx. / ⁇ l - / 3 ⁇ from the base point or by a T-shaped fold , etc.
  • the convolution doubles the radiation and base resistance.
  • the design it is possible that the achieved forward / backward ratio or the forward radiation is insufficient.
  • arranging a large - area director in front of the antenna in the main beam direction can improve the forward / backward ratio or the forward radiation by up to 3 dB.
  • the director is connected to the HF earth / ground plane in a radio frequency-compatible manner.
  • the length of the large-area director is always much smaller than the length / height of the antenna and lies in the
  • the width of the director is ⁇ equal to the width of the device, but always greater than 0.02 ⁇ .
  • the rear wall of the device can also be designed as a director or can be used in part as a director's area.
  • the distance between the large-area director and the antenna is mainly given by the available housing depth and is between 0.01 ⁇ - 0.15 ⁇ .
  • a symmetrical J $ ⁇ dipole antenna or a loop antenna of any shape e.g. For example, folding dipole, circular, rectangular or triangular with the electrically effective
  • Range of approx. / Q ⁇ - 1 ⁇ can be used, which is not excited in relation to the housing / chassis / HF earth.
  • the dipole or the loop antenna can be shortened by suitable folding or electrical adaptation in the mechanical dimensions length x width or in the circumference.
  • the reflector surface is HF-grounded and has the function of a shield and ground plane and must therefore always be selected at least 5 percent larger than the mechanical extension of the antenna lying horizontally above it, but is always larger than 0.08 ⁇ x 0.08 ⁇ .
  • antenna reflectors are part of the basic configuration of almost all directional antenna systems and are very often used for permanently installed transmission and reception systems.
  • the principle of operation of the large-area reflector is, depending on the distance to the antenna and the shape of the antenna used, a combination between a correctly arranged reflector, ground plane and shield.
  • the radiation efficiency is no longer influenced by the operator.
  • the power emitted mainly in the radiation diagram at an opening angle of approximately 180 ° is reflected and distorted several times, in particular at wavelengths around 30 cm, of conductive materials of all types inside and outside of buildings and the like, so that the HF field is reflected in all Directions is scattered.
  • the directional beam characteristic often only plays a subordinate role in practice. Because there is now practically no attenuating influence due to absorption or detuning of the antenna by the user, even at a distance of only 1 cm from the reflector, the resulting power of the order of 6 dB is now additionally available as usable radiation power, which is approximately what practically achievable "operating profit" corresponds.
  • the average achievable forward / backward ratio at a distance of approx. 3 - 6 cm to the antenna is over 13 dB, i.e. at one in the main beam direction and 4 cm
  • Distance to the existing field density of e.g. 2 1 watt / dm is the residual field density at a distance of 1 cm behind the reflector, analogously equal to a distance of 4 cm
  • FIG. 1 shows the illustratively sketched form of a portable hand-held radio telephone 1 in the frequency range around 850-950 MHz and the functionally correctly arranged reflector 2 and the fixed antenna 3 at the correct distance from the reflector 2.
  • the size of the reflector 2 here is 11 x 5 cm and the distance to
  • Antenna 3 is 2.7 cm here, corresponding to 0.08 ⁇ .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

With all mobile phone sets (1) such as Natel C, Nadel D etc. equipped with an integrated antenna or directly mounted antenna (3) th antenna is held very close to the head of the user by the nature of the application. As a result, the signal emitted from the antenna (3) becomes more or less dumb and attenuated, depending on the shape of the user's head, with a great deal of the emitted power being absorbed by the said head. By fitting an antenna reflector with a large surface area (2) such drawbacks are eliminated, in particular the radiation impact on the user of the phone, which is reduced by a ratio of 1:20.

Description

fHandfunktelefon mit einem Antennenreflektor1Handheld telephone with an antenna reflector 1
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Handfunktelefon mit einem Antennenreflektor der eine wesentliche Senkung des zum Benutzer abgestrahlten elektromagnetischen Feldes bewirkt und dabei zugleich die Beeinflussung der Antenne sowie die Absorption des elektromagnetischen Feldes durch den Kopf oder Körper des Benutzers wirksam verhindert.The invention relates to a hand-held radio telephone with an antenna reflector which brings about a substantial reduction in the electromagnetic field radiated to the user and at the same time effectively prevents the influence on the antenna and the absorption of the electromagnetic field by the head or body of the user.
Alle bisher verwendeten Antennen zu obgenannten Geräten haben vorwiegend eine Rundstrahlcharakteristik. Von der Funktion und den normalen Reichweitenanforderungen her ge¬ sehen, z.Bsp. in einem Cellularnetz, haben sich diese Rundstrahlantennen bestens bewährt. An funktechnisch schlechten Standorten oder bei kritischen Funkdistanzen wäre ein angehobener Abstrahlungswirkungsgrad von >2 dB in der gewünschten Richtung sende- und auch empfangsseitig von Vorteil. D. h. mit kleinerer Sendeleistung wären gleiche Reichweitenresultate und dazu eine höhere Batterielebensdauer zu erzielen.All antennas used to date for the above-mentioned devices have predominantly an omnidirectional characteristic. Seen from the function and the normal range requirements, e.g. in a cellular network, these omnidirectional antennas have proven their worth. At locations with poor radio technology or with critical radio distances, an increased radiation efficiency of> 2 dB in the desired direction would be advantageous on the transmitting and receiving side. That is, with a lower transmission power, the same range results and a longer battery life would be achieved.
Anwendungsbedingt ist die Antenne bei allen Funktelefonen wie z.Bsp. Natel C, Natel D, usw. sehr nahe beim Benutzer. Dies bewirkt, dass durch Leistungsabsorbtion und dem dämpfenden Einfluss von Kopf oder Körper des Benutzers auf die Rundstrahlantenne die nutzbare Strahlungsleistung in einem solchen Ausmass reduziert wird, dass in der Praxis bis über 70 Prozent der Strahlungs- respektive Empfangs¬ leistung in Wärme umgesetzt wird. Die Dämpfung im Strah¬ lungsdiagramm in Richtung Benutzer wird daher anwendungs¬ bedingt bei Handfunktelefonen mit integrierter oder direkt aufgesetzter Antenne immer sehr gross sein. Bei allen Arten von bekannten Handfunkgeräten mit integrierter oder direkt aufgesetzter Antenne wird bei Wellenlängen unter 70 cm ein grosser Anteil der gegen den Benutzer abgestrahlten Leistung zum Teil fast vollständig im Bereich des Kopfes und bei Frequenzen über 800 MHz vorwiegend im Schädelbereich absorbiert. Die gesundheit¬ liche Schädigung durch Mikrowellenbestrahlung in der Nähe der Mikrowellenofen- und Wassermolekül - Resonanzfrequenz von 1500 MHz - 2500 MHz mit einer durch diese Funkgeräte in 2 - 3 cm Abstand erzielbaren Leistungsdichte vonDepending on the application, the antenna is suitable for all radio telephones, e.g. Natel C, Natel D, etc. very close to the user. This has the effect that the usable radiation power is reduced to such an extent through power absorption and the dampening influence of the user's head or body on the omnidirectional antenna that in practice up to 70 percent of the radiation or reception power is converted into heat. The attenuation in the radiation diagram in the direction of the user will therefore always be very high for handheld telephones with an integrated or directly attached antenna. In all types of known handheld radios with an integrated or directly attached antenna, at wavelengths below 70 cm, a large proportion of the power emitted against the user is almost completely absorbed in the area of the head and at frequencies above 800 MHz, predominantly in the skull area. The damage to health caused by microwave radiation in the vicinity of the microwave oven and water molecule - resonance frequency of 1500 MHz - 2500 MHz with a power density of 2-3 cm that can be achieved by these radio devices
2 1 Watt/dm analog der Feldstärke von 20 Volt/dm respek¬ tive 200 Volt/m ist jedoch nicht eindeutig erwiesen.However, 2 1 watt / dm analogous to the field strength of 20 volts / dm or 200 volts / m has not been clearly proven.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zu Grunde, das auf den Körper und vorrangig auf den Kopfbereich der Benutzer von Handfunktelefonen einwirkende elektromagnetische Feld drastisch um mindestens -9 dB zu reduzieren und simultan dazu die Sendeleistung durch die Erhöhung des Strahlungs¬ wirkungsgrades besser zu nutzen.The invention is therefore based on the object of drastically reducing the electromagnetic field acting on the body and primarily on the head region of the users of handheld radio telephones by at least -9 dB and simultaneously using the transmission power better by increasing the radiation efficiency.
Erfindungsgemäss wird die Aufgabe mit einem grossflächigen Antennenreflektor gelöst, der bedingt durch die Grosse des Handfunktelefons und der eingesetzten Art und Form derAccording to the invention the object is achieved with a large-area antenna reflector, which is due to the size of the hand-held radio telephone and the type and shape of the
Antenne einen Abstand zur Antenne zwischen 0.02 λ - 0.5 λ aufweist, d.h. in der Praxis etwas weniger als dieAntenna has a distance to the antenna between 0.02 λ - 0.5 λ, i.e. in practice a little less than that
Gehäusetiefe des Funkgerätes beträgt und auf bestmögliche Rückwärtsdämpfung bemessen ist. Zusammen mit dem instal¬ lierten Reflektor sollte eine Korrektur der Antenne und /oder deren Anpassung vorgenommen werden. Die aus kupfer- beschichtetem Kunststoff oder dergleichen hergestellteHousing depth of the radio is and is dimensioned for the best possible reverse attenuation. Together with the installed reflector, the antenna should be corrected and / or adjusted. The one made of copper-coated plastic or the like
Reflektorfläche wird vorzugsweise frontal auf der Stirn¬ seite des Gerätes, senkrecht überhalb der Bedienungs- und LautSprecherfront angeordnet, ebenso die Antenne, jedoch gegenüber und so nahe wie möglich zur Gehäuserückseite, um einen genügenden Abstand zum Reflektor zu erreichen. Die Breite des Reflektors ist etwa ± gleich der Gehäusebreite und ist immer grösser als 0.08 λ und die Länge ist grösser als die Antennenlänge jedoch immer grösser als 0.2 λ . Der Reflektor ist direkt oder kapazitiv mit der HF-Erde - Groundplane - Antennenbuchse hochfrequenzgerecht verbunden.The reflector surface is preferably arranged frontally on the front of the device, vertically above the operating and speaker front, as is the antenna, but opposite and as close as possible to the rear of the housing in order to achieve a sufficient distance from the reflector. The The width of the reflector is approximately ± equal to the housing width and is always greater than 0.08 λ and the length is greater than the antenna length but always greater than 0.2 λ. The reflector is directly or capacitively connected to the HF earth - ground plane - antenna socket in accordance with the radio frequency.
Damit der Tragkomfort des Handfunktelefons im Standby - Betrieb nicht durch den Reflektor beeinträchtigt wird, kann dieser z. Bsp. mittels eines Klapp- oder Dreh¬ mechanismus oder auf Führungsschienen so auf die Front¬ seite des Gerätes verschoben werden , dass er gleichzeitig als Frontabdeckung für die Bedienungselemente wie Tastaturfeld, Lautsprecher und evt. Mikrofon dient, damit das Gerät nur bei herausgeschobenem respektive aufge¬ klapptem und funktionsfähigem Reflektor bedient und benutzt werden kann. Sobald sich der Reflektor nicht mehr an seiner funktionsfähigen Position gegenüber der Antenne befindet, sollte der sendeseitige Teil der Funkeinrichtung oder jedenfalls die hochfrequente Senderendstufe durch eine Sensorik, z. Bsp. dem Gabelkontakt für den Sprech¬ funk- und Wähl-/ Aufrufbetrieb ausser Funktion gesetzt werden und /oder mit einer visuellen und /oder akustischen Warnung die bedienende Person auf die Fehlfunktion auf- merksam gemacht werden.So that the comfort of the handheld radio in standby mode is not affected by the reflector, For example, by means of a folding or rotating mechanism or on guide rails, they are moved to the front of the device in such a way that it also serves as a front cover for the operating elements, such as the keyboard field, loudspeaker and possibly microphone, so that the device can only be pushed out or opened ¬ folded and functional reflector can be used and used. As soon as the reflector is no longer in its functional position in relation to the antenna, the part of the radio device on the transmission side or in any case the high-frequency transmitter output stage should be replaced by a sensor system, e.g. For example, the fork contact for voice radio and dialing / calling operation are deactivated and / or the operator is made aware of the malfunction with a visual and / or acoustic warning.
Durch konstruktive Erfordernisse kann der Reflektor mit der Antenne auch hängend am Boden, an der Rückseite, seitlich oder im Innern des Gerätes angebracht werden. Dabei kann die Gerätefront zugleich als Reflektor ausgebildet sein oder anteilig als Reflektorfläche mitge¬ nutzt werden.Due to structural requirements, the reflector with the antenna can also be attached to the floor, on the back, on the side or inside the device. The front of the device can also be designed as a reflector or can be used in part as a reflector surface.
Durch den Reflektor wird zwangsweise der Strahlungswider- stand und damit der Fusspunktwiderstand der offenen % λ - Antenne beträchtlich herabgesetzt. Deshalb kann es vor- teilhaft sein, anstelle der üblichen \ λ - Antenne ein gefalteter % λ -Antennenstrahler gemäss der Hälfte eines Faltdipols zu verwenden, dessen Ende direkt mit der HF- Erde verbunden ist. Dies gilt im Besonderen wenn die Länge der Antenne zusätzlich verkürzt werden soll. DieThe reflector inevitably considerably reduces the radiation resistance and thus the base resistance of the open% λ antenna. Therefore it can be partial to use a folded% λ antenna emitter according to half of a folding dipole instead of the usual \ λ antenna, the end of which is directly connected to the HF earth. This applies in particular if the length of the antenna is to be shortened additionally. The
Verkürzung geschieht z.Bsp. durch eine 180 ° -Faltung der Antenne im Abstand von ca. /5 λ - /7 λ ab Fusspunkt oder durch mehrfache treppenförmige Faltung der Antenne auf einer Länge von ca. /β l - /3 λ ab Fusspunkt oder durch T-förmige Faltung, usw..In beiden Fällen wird durch die Faltung der Strahlungs- und Fusspunktwiderstand verdoppelt.Shortening occurs, for example. by a 180 ° fold of the antenna at a distance of approx. / 5 λ - / 7 λ from the base point or by multiple step-like folding of the antenna over a length of approx. / β l - / 3 λ from the base point or by a T-shaped fold , etc. In both cases, the convolution doubles the radiation and base resistance.
Konstruktionsbedingt ist es möglich, dass das erzielte Vor- /Rückwärtsverhältniss oder die Vorwärtsstrahlung ungenügend ist. In diesen Fällen kann durch die Anordnung eines grossflächigen Direktors vor der Antenne in der Hauptstrahlrichtung das Vor -/Rückwärtsverhältnis oder die VorwärtsStrahlung um bis zu 3 dB verbessert werden. Der Direktor ist ebenso wie der Reflektor mit der HF - Erde / Groundplane hochfrequenzgerecht verbunden. Die Länge des grossflächigen Direktors ist jedoch immer wesentlich kleiner als die Länge / Höhe der Antenne und liegt imDue to the design, it is possible that the achieved forward / backward ratio or the forward radiation is insufficient. In these cases, arranging a large - area director in front of the antenna in the main beam direction can improve the forward / backward ratio or the forward radiation by up to 3 dB. Like the reflector, the director is connected to the HF earth / ground plane in a radio frequency-compatible manner. However, the length of the large-area director is always much smaller than the length / height of the antenna and lies in the
Bereich von 0.02 λ - 0.2 λ . Die Breite des Direktors ist ± gleich der Gerätebreite , jedoch immer grösser als 0.02 λ . Dabei kann die Geräterückwand zugleich als Direktor ausgebildet sein oder anteilig als Direktorfläche mitgenutzt werden. Der Abstand des grossflächigen Direk¬ tors zur Antenne ist vorwiegend durch die zur Verfügung stehende Gehäusetiefe gegeben und liegt zwischen 0.01 λ - 0.15 λ .Range from 0.02 λ - 0.2 λ. The width of the director is ± equal to the width of the device, but always greater than 0.02 λ. The rear wall of the device can also be designed as a director or can be used in part as a director's area. The distance between the large-area director and the antenna is mainly given by the available housing depth and is between 0.01 λ - 0.15 λ.
Sofern eine Reduktion der Reflektorfläche speziell bei im Innern des Gerätes angeordneten Antennen angestrebt wird, kann anstelle der üblichen in Bezug zum Gehäuse/Chassis/ Groundplane erregten unsymetrischen \ λ - Antenne eine symetrische J$ λ - Dipolantenne oder eine Schleifenantenne beliebiger Form z. Bsp. faltdipolartig, kreis-, recht- eck- oder dreieck- förmig mit dem elektrisch wirksamenIf the aim is to reduce the reflector area especially for antennas located inside the device, Instead of the usual asymmetrical \ λ antenna excited with respect to the housing / chassis / ground plane, a symmetrical J $ λ dipole antenna or a loop antenna of any shape, e.g. For example, folding dipole, circular, rectangular or triangular with the electrically effective
Umfang von ca. / Q λ - 1 λ verwendet werden, die nicht in Bezug zum Gehäuse/Chassis/HF-Erde erregt wird. Der Dipol oder die Schleifenantenne kann durch geeignete Faltung oder elektrische Anpassung in den mechanischen Abmessungen Länge x Breite oder im Umfang verkürzt sein. Die Reflek¬ torfläche ist HF-mässig geerdet und hat hier die Funktion einer Abschirmung und Groundplane und muss daher immer mindestens 5 Prozent grösser gewählt werden, als die mechanische Ausdehnung der horizontal darüber liegenden Antenne beträgt, ist jedoch immer grösser als 0.08 λ x 0.08 λ.Range of approx. / Q λ - 1 λ can be used, which is not excited in relation to the housing / chassis / HF earth. The dipole or the loop antenna can be shortened by suitable folding or electrical adaptation in the mechanical dimensions length x width or in the circumference. The reflector surface is HF-grounded and has the function of a shield and ground plane and must therefore always be selected at least 5 percent larger than the mechanical extension of the antenna lying horizontally above it, but is always larger than 0.08 λ x 0.08 λ .
Die Anordnung, Berechnung und Optimierung von Antennen¬ reflektoren ist bekannt und sie gehören zur Grundkonfi- guration von fast allen Richtantennensystemen und werden sehr oft für fix installierte Sende- und Empfangsanlagen eingesetzt. Es ist jedoch neu und nicht naheliegend, zu dem von Guglielmo Marconi entwickelten Antennenstrahler, der seitdem weltweit bei fast allen tragbaren Handsprech- und Datenfunkgeräten verwendet wird, zusätzlich einen grossflächigen Reflektor so zu integrieren und anzuordnen, dass damit der vorstehend beschriebene Zweck erfüllt wird. Das Funktionsprinzip des grossflächige Reflektors ist je nach Abstand zur Antenne und der verwendeten Antennenform eine Kombination zwischen einem phasenrichtig angeordneten Reflektor, Groundplane und Abschirmung.The arrangement, calculation and optimization of antenna reflectors is known and they are part of the basic configuration of almost all directional antenna systems and are very often used for permanently installed transmission and reception systems. However, it is new and not obvious to integrate and arrange a large-area reflector in addition to the antenna emitter developed by Guglielmo Marconi, which has since been used worldwide with almost all portable hand-held and data radio devices, so that the purpose described above is achieved. The principle of operation of the large-area reflector is, depending on the distance to the antenna and the shape of the antenna used, a combination between a correctly arranged reflector, ground plane and shield.
Durch die erfindungsgemässe Anordnung werden folgende Vorteile und Anforderungen erfüllt : Der Abstrahlungswirkungsgrad wird nicht mehr durch den Bediener beeinflusst. Die im Strahlungsdiagramm haupt¬ sächlich in einem Öeffnungswinkel von ca. 180° abgestrahl¬ te Leistung wird insbesondere bei Wellenlängen um 30 cm an leitenden Materialien aller Art innerhalb und ausserhalb von Gebäuden und dergl. mehrfach reflektiert und verzerrt, womit das HF-Feld in alle Richtungen gestreut wird.The following advantages and requirements are met by the arrangement according to the invention: The radiation efficiency is no longer influenced by the operator. The power emitted mainly in the radiation diagram at an opening angle of approximately 180 ° is reflected and distorted several times, in particular at wavelengths around 30 cm, of conductive materials of all types inside and outside of buildings and the like, so that the HF field is reflected in all Directions is scattered.
Deshalb nimmt auch die Richtstrahlcharakteristik in der Praxis oft nur noch eine untergeordnete Rolle ein. Weil jetzt selbst in nur 1 cm Abstand vom Reflektor praktisch kein dämpfender Einfluss durch Absorption oder Verstimmung der Antenne durch den Benutzer erfolgen kann, steht nun folglich diese so gewonnene Leistung in der Grössenordnung von 6 dB zusätzlich als nutzbare Strahlungsleistung zur Verfügung, was in etwa dem praktisch erzielbaren "Betriebsgewinn" entspricht.For this reason, the directional beam characteristic often only plays a subordinate role in practice. Because there is now practically no attenuating influence due to absorption or detuning of the antenna by the user, even at a distance of only 1 cm from the reflector, the resulting power of the order of 6 dB is now additionally available as usable radiation power, which is approximately what practically achievable "operating profit" corresponds.
Das durchschnittlich erzielbare Vor- /Rückwärtsverhält¬ nis im Abstand von ca. 3 - 6 cm zur Antenne beträgt über 13 dB, d.h. bei einer in der Hauptstrahlrichtung und 4 cmThe average achievable forward / backward ratio at a distance of approx. 3 - 6 cm to the antenna is over 13 dB, i.e. at one in the main beam direction and 4 cm
Abstand zur Antenne vorhandenen Felddichte von z.Bsp. 2 1 Watt/dm beträgt die Restfelddichte in einer Distanz von 1 cm hinter dem Reflektor, analog gleich 4 cm AbstandDistance to the existing field density of e.g. 2 1 watt / dm is the residual field density at a distance of 1 cm behind the reflector, analogously equal to a distance of 4 cm
2 zur Antenne, am Kopf des Benutzers nur noch 50 mWatt/dm2 to the antenna, only 50 mWatt / dm at the user's head
Dies entspricht einem Dämpfungsfaktor von 1 : 20 . Das jetzt noch auf den Benutzer einwirkende elektromagnetische Feld ist somit um über eine Grössenordnung kleiner.This corresponds to a damping factor of 1:20. The electromagnetic field still acting on the user is thus smaller by an order of magnitude.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines Beispiels in Verbindung mit der beiliegenden Zeichnung erläutert.The invention is explained below using an example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Die Fig. 1 zeigt die illustrativ skizzierte Form eines tragbaren Handfunktelefons 1 im Frequenzbereich um 850 - 950 MHZ und dem funktioneil richtig angeordneten Reflektor 2 sowie der fest montierten Antenne 3 im richtigen Abstand zum Reflektor 2 . Die Grosse des Reflektors 2 beträgt hier 11 x 5 cm und der Abstand zur1 shows the illustratively sketched form of a portable hand-held radio telephone 1 in the frequency range around 850-950 MHz and the functionally correctly arranged reflector 2 and the fixed antenna 3 at the correct distance from the reflector 2. The size of the reflector 2 here is 11 x 5 cm and the distance to
Antenne 3 ist hier 2,7cm entsprechend 0.08 λ. Antenna 3 is 2.7 cm here, corresponding to 0.08 λ.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
Handfunktelefon (1) mit einem Antennenreflektor (2) der eine wesentliche Senkung des zum Benutzer abgestrahlten elektromagnetischen Feldes bewirkt und dabei zugleich die Beeinflussung der Antenne (3) sowie die Absorption des elektromagnetischen Feldes durch den Kopf oder Körper des Benutzers wirksam verhindert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Senkung bezogen auf den Maximalwert im Strahlungsdiagramm mindestens -9 dB beträgt.Hand-held radio telephone (1) with an antenna reflector (2) which brings about a substantial reduction in the electromagnetic field emitted to the user and at the same time effectively prevents the antenna (3) and the absorption of the electromagnetic field by the user's head or body, characterized in that that the reduction in relation to the maximum value in the radiation diagram is at least -9 dB.
2. Handfunktelefon (1) gemäss Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein gefalteter 3$ λ -Antennen¬ strahler (3) gemäss der Hälfte eines Faltdipols verwendet wird, dessen Ende direkt mit der HF-Erde verbunden ist.2. Hand-held radio telephone (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that a folded 3 $ λ antenna antenna (3) is used according to half of a folding dipole, the end of which is connected directly to the HF earth.
3. Handfunktelefon (1) gemäss Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch die Anordnung eines gross¬ flächigen Direktors das Vor -/Rückwärtsverhältnis oder die Vorwärtsstrahlung bis zu 3 dB verbessert werden kann.3. Hand-held radio telephone (1) according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the forward / backward ratio or the forward radiation can be improved by up to 3 dB by the arrangement of a large-area director.
4. Handfunktelefon (1) gemäss Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine symetrische % λ - Dipol- Antenne oder eine Schleifenantenne beliebiger Foπn verwendet wird. 4. Handheld radio telephone (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that a symmetrical% λ - dipole antenna or a loop antenna of any Foπn is used.
EP96914832A 1996-05-23 1996-05-23 Mobile phone set with antenna reflector Withdrawn EP0861528A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CH1996/000202 WO1997044909A1 (en) 1996-05-23 1996-05-23 Mobile phone set with antenna reflector

Publications (1)

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EP0861528A1 true EP0861528A1 (en) 1998-09-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96914832A Withdrawn EP0861528A1 (en) 1996-05-23 1996-05-23 Mobile phone set with antenna reflector

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EP (1) EP0861528A1 (en)
AU (1) AU5683696A (en)
WO (1) WO1997044909A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE9901680L (en) * 1999-05-06 2000-11-07 Stjernvall Christian Richtner Mobile phone and antenna for such
US6891512B2 (en) 2000-12-27 2005-05-10 Cocomo Mb Cojmmunications, Inc. Antenna
US6956534B2 (en) 2000-12-27 2005-10-18 Cocomo Mb Communications, Inc. Method and apparatus for improving antenna efficiency
DE10238967A1 (en) * 2002-06-04 2003-12-18 Curtis 1000 Europ Ag Mobile telephone has e.g. metal foil, wire grating or metallized plastics film arranged between antenna and user's head to block radiation
ES2222789B1 (en) * 2002-12-19 2006-04-01 Jose Luis De La Torre Barreiro PASSIVE SIGNAL PASSIVE REFLECTOR.
ES2255438B1 (en) * 2004-12-01 2007-07-16 Jose Luis De La Torre Barreiro CAPTADORAS COILS ASSOCIATED WITH MOBILE PHONES.

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994026000A1 (en) * 1993-04-28 1994-11-10 Multi Service Corporation Anti-electromagnetic field antenna for cellular telephone
US5367309A (en) * 1993-07-09 1994-11-22 Richard Tashjian Cellular phone shield
GB2282028A (en) * 1993-08-26 1995-03-22 Betacom Plc Cordless telephone with loop antenna

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO9744909A1 *

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AU5683696A (en) 1997-12-09

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