EP0855518A2 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung der Eingangstemperatur für einen Luftkompressor - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung der Eingangstemperatur für einen Luftkompressor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0855518A2
EP0855518A2 EP98300201A EP98300201A EP0855518A2 EP 0855518 A2 EP0855518 A2 EP 0855518A2 EP 98300201 A EP98300201 A EP 98300201A EP 98300201 A EP98300201 A EP 98300201A EP 0855518 A2 EP0855518 A2 EP 0855518A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nitrogen
inlet
air compressor
air
cryogenic liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98300201A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0855518A3 (de
Inventor
Michael Ernest Garrett
John Terence Lavin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BOC Group Ltd
Original Assignee
BOC Group Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BOC Group Ltd filed Critical BOC Group Ltd
Publication of EP0855518A2 publication Critical patent/EP0855518A2/de
Publication of EP0855518A3 publication Critical patent/EP0855518A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/04—Heating; Cooling; Heat insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
    • F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/5846—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps cooling by injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04054—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04781—Pressure changing devices, e.g. for compression, expansion, liquid pumping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2210/00—Fluid
    • F04C2210/12—Fluid auxiliary
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
    • F04C2270/19—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/30—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/40—Air or oxygen enriched air, i.e. generally less than 30mol% of O2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/02—Compressor intake arrangement, e.g. filtering or cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/02—Internal refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/904—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by liquid or gaseous cryogen in an open loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/10—Mathematical formulae, modeling, plot or curves; Design methods

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for controlling the inlet temperature of an air compressor.
  • GB-A-2 274 407 relates to a process for separating the product gas, typically by pressure swing adsorption, from a gas mixture.
  • the gas separation plant includes a gas compressor for compressing gas mixture to be separated.
  • nitrogen is separated from air.
  • it is cooled by indirect heat exchange with a stream of liquefied gas having the same composition as the product.
  • the resulting vapour is then mixed with the product.
  • the air feed to the air compressor is cooled by indirect heat exchange with a stream of liquid nitrogen and the resulting nitrogen vapour is mixed with the nitrogen product separated by pressure swing adsorption.
  • a disadvantage of this arrangement is that the necessary heat exchanger for effecting the indirect heat exchange creates an additional pressure drop in the gas separation plant which offsets the advantage of cooling the incoming air. Further, in view of the large temperature difference between liquid nitrogen and ambient air, the heat exchange is relatively inefficient and therefore a relatively large rate of flow of liquid nitrogen is required to effect the desired cooling of the air.
  • the method and apparatus according to the invention avoid the need for such a heat exchanger.
  • a method of controlling the inlet temperature of an air compressor comprising the step of vaporising in the air upstream of its entry into the compressor a sufficient flow of cryogenic liquid to maintain the inlet temperature at or below a chosen value, wherein the cryogenic liquid is nitrogen or comprises a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.
  • the invention also provides apparatus for controlling the inlet temperature of an air compressor, comprising the air compressor and a mixing chamber having an outlet communicating with the air compressor, a first inlet communicating with the atmosphere, and a second inlet communicating with a source of liquid nitrogen or a source of cryogenic liquid comprising oxygen and nitrogen.
  • the cryogenic liquid comprises a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen
  • the effect on the composition of the air to be compressed is either eliminated or kept to a minimum.
  • the mole fraction of oxygen in the cryogenic liquid mixture may be the same as the mole fraction of oxygen in natural air.
  • the cryogenic liquid may be liquefied natural air.
  • the cryogenic liquid is a mixture comprising nitrogen and oxygen having an oxygen mole fraction in the range of 0.14 to 0.20. Such mixtures offer advantages in safety of handling over corresponding mixtures having an oxygen mole fraction of 0.21 or higher.
  • the cryogenic liquid is sprayed into the mixing chamber.
  • the mixing chamber may be a discrete unit may simply comprise a length of pipe. If desired, the mixing chamber may be thermally insulated.
  • a temperature sensor located in or adjacent the inlet to the air compressor and downstream of the mixing chamber.
  • the temperature sensor is preferably arranged to generate signals representative of the inlet temperature to a valve controller which operates a valve in a conduit placing the source of cryogenic liquid in communication with the second inlet so as to maintain the inlet temperature between chosen values, say, no more than 2K apart.
  • the air compressor may advantageously form the main air compressor of an air separation apparatus in which the air is separated by rectification at cryogenic temperatures, or the air compressor of a gas turbine.
  • the overall increase in the power produced may be greater than the power consumption in producing the necessary liquefied gas mixture.
  • periods of high ambient temperature coincide with high demands for electricity.
  • the price per unit electrical power is relatively high during periods of high demand and relatively low during periods of low demand. It is therefore particularly advantageous to liquefy the nitrogen or the mixture of oxygen and nitrogen (or its components) during periods of low demand for electricity.
  • the air compressor 2 may comprise a single compression stage or a plurality of compression stages. Downstream of the or each stage there is typically an aftercooler (not shown). The purpose of the or each aftercooler is to remove heat of compression from the air.
  • the air compressor 2 has an air inlet 4 communicating with an inlet conduit 6 in which an air filter 8 is located.
  • a thermally-insulated mixing chamber 10 is located in the conduit 6 intermediate the filter 8 and the air inlet 4.
  • a spray header 12 is located within the mixing chamber 10. The spray header 12 communicates via a conduit 14 with a source 16 of liquid nitrogen or cryogenic liquid mixture under pressure.
  • the source of cryogenic liquid mixture typically has a mole fraction of oxygen of 0.18, a mole fraction of argon of 0.01 and a mole fraction of nitrogen of 0.81.
  • a valve 18 is located in the conduit 16.
  • the valve 18 is of an automatically operable kind. It is controlled a valve controller 20 which receives signals from a temperature sensor 22 located in the inlet 4. In operation, the position of the valve is controlled so as to provide sufficient flow of cryogenic liquid mixture into the chamber 10 as to maintain the inlet temperature of the air compressor 2 at a chosen value.
  • the inlet temperature of the compressor 2 is maintained at 293K.
  • the ambient temperature is 303K.
  • approximately 24 sm 3 /hr of the cryogenic liquid are required that each 1,000 sm 3 /hr of air, i.e. the cryogenic liquid is supplied at a rate of about 2.4% of that at which air is drawn into the compressor 2 at the ambient temperature.
  • the compressor forms part of an air separation plant an increase in the production of the components of air (oxygen, nitrogen and argon) in the order of up to about 6% is made possible. This is substantially greater than is possible when the apparatus according to GB-A-2 274 407 is used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
EP98300201A 1997-01-24 1998-01-13 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung der Eingangstemperatur für einen Luftkompressor Withdrawn EP0855518A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9701416.1A GB9701416D0 (en) 1997-01-24 1997-01-24 An air compressor
GB9701416 1997-01-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0855518A2 true EP0855518A2 (de) 1998-07-29
EP0855518A3 EP0855518A3 (de) 1999-03-03

Family

ID=10806504

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98300201A Withdrawn EP0855518A3 (de) 1997-01-24 1998-01-13 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung der Eingangstemperatur für einen Luftkompressor

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0855518A3 (de)
AU (1) AU5209398A (de)
CA (1) CA2227563A1 (de)
GB (1) GB9701416D0 (de)
PL (1) PL324446A1 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2862746A1 (fr) * 2003-11-25 2005-05-27 Air Liquide Procede et installation de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
GB2479001A (en) * 2010-03-26 2011-09-28 Linde Ag Compressor with atomised cryogenic liquefied gas injection
CN110307091A (zh) * 2019-08-08 2019-10-08 上海交通大学 用于燃气轮机的液氮直喷式进气冷却系统
CN114837915A (zh) * 2021-02-02 2022-08-02 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 一种空压机的进气管路及进气方法、燃料电池系统、车辆

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1438150A (fr) * 1965-07-07 1966-05-06 Int Research & Dev Co Ltd Procédé de production d'air sec
FR2264973A1 (de) * 1974-03-20 1975-10-17 Mtu Muenchen Gmbh
EP0622535A1 (de) * 1993-04-27 1994-11-02 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Gebrauch von Stickstoff von einer Luftzerlegungsanlage um die Zufuhrluft zum Kompressor einer Gasturbine zu kühlen und dadurch der Wirkungsgrad zu erhöhen

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1438150A (fr) * 1965-07-07 1966-05-06 Int Research & Dev Co Ltd Procédé de production d'air sec
FR2264973A1 (de) * 1974-03-20 1975-10-17 Mtu Muenchen Gmbh
EP0622535A1 (de) * 1993-04-27 1994-11-02 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Gebrauch von Stickstoff von einer Luftzerlegungsanlage um die Zufuhrluft zum Kompressor einer Gasturbine zu kühlen und dadurch der Wirkungsgrad zu erhöhen

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2862746A1 (fr) * 2003-11-25 2005-05-27 Air Liquide Procede et installation de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
GB2479001A (en) * 2010-03-26 2011-09-28 Linde Ag Compressor with atomised cryogenic liquefied gas injection
CN110307091A (zh) * 2019-08-08 2019-10-08 上海交通大学 用于燃气轮机的液氮直喷式进气冷却系统
CN114837915A (zh) * 2021-02-02 2022-08-02 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 一种空压机的进气管路及进气方法、燃料电池系统、车辆

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0855518A3 (de) 1999-03-03
PL324446A1 (en) 1998-08-03
AU5209398A (en) 1998-08-13
GB9701416D0 (en) 1997-03-12
CA2227563A1 (en) 1998-07-24

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