EP0845299A2 - Outlet nozzle for pressurized fluid including a flexible membrane sealing the nozzle outlet channel - Google Patents
Outlet nozzle for pressurized fluid including a flexible membrane sealing the nozzle outlet channel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0845299A2 EP0845299A2 EP97500208A EP97500208A EP0845299A2 EP 0845299 A2 EP0845299 A2 EP 0845299A2 EP 97500208 A EP97500208 A EP 97500208A EP 97500208 A EP97500208 A EP 97500208A EP 0845299 A2 EP0845299 A2 EP 0845299A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- outlet
- nozzle
- plate
- insert
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/0005—Components or details
- B05B11/0062—Outlet valves actuated by the pressure of the fluid to be sprayed
- B05B11/0072—A valve member forming part of an outlet opening
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/0005—Components or details
- B05B11/0062—Outlet valves actuated by the pressure of the fluid to be sprayed
- B05B11/0064—Lift valves
- B05B11/0067—Lift valves having a valve seat located downstream the valve element (take precedence)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
- B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
- B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
- B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
- B05B1/3431—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
- B05B1/3436—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the interface being a plane perpendicular to the outlet axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
- B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
- B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
- B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
- B05B1/3431—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
- B05B1/3452—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the cooperating elements being movable, e.g. adjustable relative to one another
- B05B1/3457—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the cooperating elements being movable, e.g. adjustable relative to one another in response to liquid pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
- B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
- B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
- B05B1/3468—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with means for controlling the flow of liquid entering or leaving the swirl chamber
- B05B1/3473—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with means for controlling the flow of liquid entering or leaving the swirl chamber in response to liquid pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/0005—Components or details
- B05B11/0062—Outlet valves actuated by the pressure of the fluid to be sprayed
- B05B11/007—Outlet valves actuated by the pressure of the fluid to be sprayed being opened by deformation of a sealing element made of resiliently deformable material, e.g. flaps, skirts, duck-bill valves
Definitions
- the present invention refers to the improvements in the outlet nozzles of a pressurized fluid including a flexible membrane sealing the nozzle outlet channel.
- the present invention refers to improvements in the flexible membranes capable to selectively adjust the hermetic seal in the outlet nozzles of a pressurized fluid, the nozzles of this type being capable to deliver: a spray mist, a sprinkling operation, a gel discreet metering, a distribution of a discreet mass of a cream or pasty liquid, a drop or a gas outlet or a liquid blast, as a function of the nozzle design and of the outcome sought after.
- Non-exhaustive and simply illustrative examples of these functions are given in the aerosol containers or packages provided with a pump, capable of causing inside, a positive pressure and to deliver the liquid like a fine sprinkling, such as a perfume, etc.
- the aerosol packages and the packages provided with a pump or a pumping element to distribute its content are extensively known. These packages deliver its content by means of a pump operation or with a gas keeping the content under a positive pressure.
- the content is allowed to go out; by defining the content, a content column within the package communicating with the outlet head and hence to the atmosphere.
- the content is distributed through an outlet nozzle.
- the nozzles include small partition walls perpendicular to the direction of the axis of the outgoing fluid flow provided with a small hole; the partition wall inside face mark the boundaries of the front face of a small chamber within which and from a side clearance, the pressurized fluid arrives.
- This clearance and said chamber is, at least, achieved with a channel communicating said clearance with said chamber.
- This channel can be provided with an annular distributor or rather with one or more channels radially or eccentrically relative to the partition wall center being coincident with the outlet hole, so a vortex effect is provided allowing (for instance) the best performance of the sprinkling mist.
- the partition wall is achieved by means of an inserable part at the nozzle end.
- the problem facing the manufacturers and users of these arrangements and packages is to provide an effective sealing for the action of the outside atmosphere as relative to the package's content making up said content column; a seal prevents the air contacting said column.
- the package sealing is achieved in a separated position as relative to said nozzle outlet hole.
- This seal given as an example of a valve sealing, is located generally inwardly from the nozzle, at an intermediate path, between the own container and at times, is also polymerized by the extended air contact.
- the content is a lacquer, such as a hair fixing lacquer
- the lacquer drying is caused within the path, between the nozzle and the valve sealing; an action which puts out the package.
- this path has a length that can be mostly relevant, this problem as a function of the content features, shows several aspects that have to be overcome.
- a head structure having basically a coupling for a connecting pipe communicating the outlet head with an internal housing, wherein a coaxial part is located at the housing contiguous to the hole, and defining at least, a side clearance which distributes the liquid and delivers it to a rechamber to which the fluid arrives by means of the already cited channels and when the rechamber is already flown, with or without a rotative motion, the liquid is thrown outside through the nozzle.
- the improvements in the membrane of the outlet nozzle of a pressurized fluid comprises a flexibly resilient membrane interposed between the outlet partition wall and the remainder of the distributing head by defining a directly sealing relation against the walls of the path of the outlet hole, said package being incorporable to the arrangement of the distributors tip, without forcibly altering its component parts.
- this nozzle has a plate with an outlet hole communicating with an outlet duct, said plate having a collecting channel and eventually forming an outlet vortex of the propelled fluid, the plate being retained by an insert defining laterally, at least, a path for said package content, characterized in that a flexibly resilient membrane is interposed between the internal face of said plate and the opposite face of the opposed insert, said membrane having at the central part of its active face leaning against the internal face of the central plate, a dome-flared shaped projection defining, at the membrane opposite face, an additional recess; said membrane being pressurized against the plate internal face by said insert, and a hermetic seal is determined at its two respective faces in the areas of the so-pressurized membrane; said dome-flared projection is sealed against the internal walls of the outlet channels defining an annular seal against them, while being selectively movable by the content pressure incident against the membrane active face and said membrane forming against the insert surface
- Figure 1 shows a plan view of the internal face of the nozzle outlet plate.
- Figure 2 shows the diametral section of the outlet nozzle with the membrane of the present invention and the coupled insert in a resting position and according to the plane AA' of figure 1.
- Figure 3 shows a diametral section of the outlet nozzle with the membrane of the present invention and the coupled insert of figure 2 distorted under the pressure of the package content.
- Figure 4 shows the membrane isolated section at a wider scale, the half right-hand being related to a variable wall-thicked membrane with a non-plane insert, seen at its half left-hand.
- outlet plate being (1a) the outlet hole and (1b) the outlet channel communicating the plate external face with the plate internal face (1c).
- This internal face (1c) may have, at least, one of the channels (1a) communicating with the collecting chamber (1g) at its inside end, with the annular distributor (1e) at the other end.
- This distributor (1e) communicates with the paths (2a) of the insert (2); the arrows of figure 2 showing the forward direction of the pressurized content.
- the present invention is characterized for having a flexible and resilient membrane (3) pressurized at its lower face (3a) (see figure 4) by the insert (2), whereas at its upper face (3b) is pressurized against the free surfaces or faces (1) (see figure 1) which are limiting the channels (1a).
- the pressure which is pushed against said faces (3a) and (3b) of the membrane (3) is conveniently higher than the fluid pressure raising from the channels (2a-1d) to prevent undesirable leakages.
- the membrane (3) which at its central parts of its upper surface or face (3b) defines its active face and is leaning against the central plate internal face has a dome-flared projection (3c), defining in the membrane opposite face, an additional recess or cavity (3d) facing the free surface (2b) of the insert (2) (see figure 4).
- This dome (3c) seats, at least, with a part of its surface against the outlet channel (1b) with a relation of hermetic seal at its resting position and is originated against the insert face (2b) and the cavity (3d) of the face (3a), while the chamber (3e) is matching with the recess (3d).
- This chamber (3e) is full of air and hermetical at its perimeter by the pressure of the insert wall (2b) against (3a).
- the fluid to be distributed goes forward to the channels (2a), as already said, under pressure from the tank or reservoir, it goes then into the distributor (1g) and penetrates into the channels (1d). There smoothly presses against the dome-flared projection (3c) distorting it towards the insert face (2b), i.e. compressing the air contained in the housing or chamber (3e)
- the membrane for one thing, is by itself flexibly resilient, it does return to its original position when just the fluid positive pressure ceases pushing and for another thing, the membrane returns being aided by the air pressure within this chamner (3e).
- Figure 3 allows to see a possible distribution of said membrane
- figure 4 illustrates a differentiated wall-thicked membrane (3f) with a dome of less decreasing resistance
- the left-hand part of the same figure shows a section of the constant membrane (3), however, with a face (2c) of the insert (2) having a depression opposing the cavity (3d).
Abstract
Description
- *NOZZLE:
- It identifies the body communicating with the fluid allowing the fluid discharge, such as formerly shown.
- * OUTLET HEAD:
- It identifies the element containing or connecting the valve or pumping element, at one end, while at the other end, it contains or is linked to said nozzle; this outlet head can be matched with a valve or pump operating element and can directly be connected to said nozzle or by means of a convenient duct.
- * CONTENT:
- The fluid gas-air or powder contained within the package and designed to go out from the nozzle is designated in this way.
- * PACKAGE:
- As such is identified every sealed container capable to be housed inside the content and keeping it under the pressure of a subsequent agent, such as a gas or rather submitting it to the action of a pump capable to pressure the content.
Claims (5)
- IMPROVEMENTS IN THE OUTLET NOZZLES OF A PRESSURIZED FLUID INCLUDING A FLEXIBLE MEMBRANE SEALING SAID NOZZLE OUTLET CHANNEL; this nozzle being applied to the outlet of a fluid contained in a package and being distributed under a positive pressure; the nozzle having a plate with an outlet hole communicating with an outlet duct, said plate having the collecting channels and eventually forming the outlet vortex of the propelled fluid; the plate being retained by an insert laterally defining, at least, a path for said package content, said improvements being characterized in that a generally resilient membrane is interposed between the internal face of said plate and the opposite face of the insert facing it; said membrane having, at the central part of its active face leaning against the plate internal face with said outlet hole, a dome-flared projection defining an additional recess at the membrane opposite face; said membrane being pressed against the plate internal face, and respectively against the free face of said insert by said insert body and determining at the areas of this so pressurized membrane, a hermetic seal, at its respective two opposite faces; said dome-flared projection being seated against the internal wall of the outlet channel provided on said plate, and defining an annular sealing against them, and being selectively movable by the content pressure incident against the membrane active face, and said membrane forming against the insert surface, an air-sealed chamber being compressible by the distorsion of said flared projection.
- INPROVEMENTS IN THE OUTLET NOZZLES OF A PRESSURIZED FLUID INCLUDING A FLEXIBLE MEMBRANE SEALING SAID NOZZLE OURLET CHANNEL, according to claim 1, characterized in that said membrane has a constant cross.section.
- IMPROVEMENTS IN THE OUTLET NOZZLES OF A PRESSURIZED FLUID INCLUDING A FLEXIBLE MEMBRANE SEALING SAID NOZZLE OURLET CHANNEL, according to claim 1, characterized in that said membrane has a variable cross-section thinner at the dome-flared end.
- IMPROVEMENTS IN THE OUTLET NOZZLES OF A PRESSURIZED FLUID INCLUDING A FLEXIBLE MEMBRANE SEALING SAID NOZZLE OUTLET CHANNEL, according to claim 1, characterized in that said insert has a flat surface against the membrane opposite face pressing thereon.
- IMPROVEMENTS IN THE OUTLET NOZZLES OF A PRESSURIZED FLUID INCLUDING A FLEXIBLE MEMBRANE SEALING SAID NOZZLE OUTLET CHANNEL, according to claim 1, characterized in that said insert has a surface provided with a recess defining an opposite cavity and opposed to the membrane recess against the membrane opposite face pressing thereon.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ARP960105423 AR001305A1 (en) | 1996-11-29 | 1996-11-29 | Improvements in nozzles, outlet of a pressurized fluid that includes a flexible membrane, sealing the outlet channel of said nozzle. |
AR10542396 | 1996-11-29 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0845299A2 true EP0845299A2 (en) | 1998-06-03 |
EP0845299A3 EP0845299A3 (en) | 1999-01-13 |
EP0845299B1 EP0845299B1 (en) | 2003-05-21 |
Family
ID=36955974
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97500208A Expired - Lifetime EP0845299B1 (en) | 1996-11-29 | 1997-11-28 | Outlet nozzle for pressurized fluid including a flexible membrane sealing the nozzle outlet channel |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0845299B1 (en) |
AR (1) | AR001305A1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE240787T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9705594A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69722142T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2200142T3 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000062939A1 (en) | 1999-04-20 | 2000-10-26 | Valois S.A. | Spray head for fluid product comprising a seal |
DE19919461A1 (en) * | 1999-04-29 | 2000-11-02 | Elias Russegger | Closable nozzle for fluid media has outlet opening and closing element movable relative to each other against spring force where spring is formed by membrane which can be part of housing wall |
EP1331036A1 (en) * | 2002-01-24 | 2003-07-30 | Daniel Osvaldo Portugués | A flexible membrane as an outlet channel stopper |
US7484678B2 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2009-02-03 | Glaxo Group Limited | Nozzle for a nasal inhaler |
US7854352B2 (en) | 2003-03-11 | 2010-12-21 | Glaxo Group Limited | Fluid dispensing device with stopper |
US20150166081A1 (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2015-06-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Air duct system for a rail vehicle of passenger traffic |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2940738B2 (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-09-12 | Decam Tech Solutions 2000 S L | NOZZLE ANTI-DRIP SYSTEM WITH MEMBRANE |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2524348A1 (en) * | 1982-03-30 | 1983-10-07 | Ramis Michel | Vaporising pump made with plastics parts - has spray orifice which closes automatically after vapourisation under plastics spring action |
-
1996
- 1996-11-29 AR ARP960105423 patent/AR001305A1/en unknown
-
1997
- 1997-11-28 ES ES97500208T patent/ES2200142T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-28 BR BR9705594-8A patent/BR9705594A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-28 EP EP97500208A patent/EP0845299B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-28 AT AT97500208T patent/ATE240787T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-28 DE DE69722142T patent/DE69722142T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2524348A1 (en) * | 1982-03-30 | 1983-10-07 | Ramis Michel | Vaporising pump made with plastics parts - has spray orifice which closes automatically after vapourisation under plastics spring action |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000062939A1 (en) | 1999-04-20 | 2000-10-26 | Valois S.A. | Spray head for fluid product comprising a seal |
FR2792552A1 (en) | 1999-04-20 | 2000-10-27 | Valois Sa | Obturator used in nozzle for spray atomization of liquid has conical projection in end face, fitting into nozzle, and has angled flow channels in otherwise flat front face |
US6722585B1 (en) | 1999-04-20 | 2004-04-20 | Valois S.A. | Fluid spray head including a closure member |
DE19919461A1 (en) * | 1999-04-29 | 2000-11-02 | Elias Russegger | Closable nozzle for fluid media has outlet opening and closing element movable relative to each other against spring force where spring is formed by membrane which can be part of housing wall |
EP1331036A1 (en) * | 2002-01-24 | 2003-07-30 | Daniel Osvaldo Portugués | A flexible membrane as an outlet channel stopper |
US7854352B2 (en) | 2003-03-11 | 2010-12-21 | Glaxo Group Limited | Fluid dispensing device with stopper |
US7484678B2 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2009-02-03 | Glaxo Group Limited | Nozzle for a nasal inhaler |
US20150166081A1 (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2015-06-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Air duct system for a rail vehicle of passenger traffic |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9705594A (en) | 1999-09-08 |
DE69722142D1 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
EP0845299A3 (en) | 1999-01-13 |
ATE240787T1 (en) | 2003-06-15 |
DE69722142T2 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
AR001305A1 (en) | 1997-10-08 |
EP0845299B1 (en) | 2003-05-21 |
ES2200142T3 (en) | 2004-03-01 |
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