EP0841687B1 - Ceramic discharge vessel - Google Patents

Ceramic discharge vessel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0841687B1
EP0841687B1 EP97117480A EP97117480A EP0841687B1 EP 0841687 B1 EP0841687 B1 EP 0841687B1 EP 97117480 A EP97117480 A EP 97117480A EP 97117480 A EP97117480 A EP 97117480A EP 0841687 B1 EP0841687 B1 EP 0841687B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
discharge vessel
ceramic
ceramic discharge
vessel according
contour
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EP97117480A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0841687A2 (en
EP0841687A3 (en
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Dieter Lang
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Osram GmbH
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Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a ceramic discharge vessel according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Ceramic discharge vessels for Metal halide lamps or high pressure sodium lamps exist usually made of aluminum oxide, which may be provided with dopants can. But also other well-known materials such as sapphire, aluminum nitride etc. can be used.
  • DE-A 31 37 076 describes elongated cylindrical or in the middle bulged discharge vessels for high pressure sodium discharge lamps, the inside diameter of the discharge volume being larger than that of the Ends is. In particular, it is recommended that the inside diameter be in height the electrode tip at least 60% of the inner diameter in the middle is.
  • a discharge vessel which consists of a straight cylindrical tube is formed, the ends with reduced diameter has.
  • the cylindrical tube can have an elliptical cross section.
  • EP-A 587 238 is a cylindrical discharge vessel with a right angle attached end faces known, in which the electrodes recessed into the ends are used.
  • Such cylindrical discharge vessels do allow a universal burning position, but its temperature distribution is also inhomogeneous, so that a very high hot spot temperature is also generated here.
  • a high temperature gradient as seen in both elongated elliptical as well as in cylindrical discharge vessels, encourages signs of corrosion on the ceramic during the life of the lamp.
  • the principle given with the use of ceramics Possibility to increase the cold spot temperature compared to quartz glass and thus to improve the lighting data with these geometries limited by the very high hot spot temperature that occurs there.
  • the hot spot temperature of the ceramic is limited to a maximum of about 1250 ° C, when lifetimes of 6,000 to 10,000 hours are aimed for.
  • the present invention describes a special "bulbous" geometry of the discharge vessel, which are almost equivalent in every burning position
  • photometric lamp data leads with elongated cylindrical or elliptical geometry. This geometry leads in particular to a reduced hot spot temperature and a very even temperature distribution.
  • the present invention is a ceramic Discharge vessel for a high-pressure discharge lamp, which has a light-emitting Filling contains.
  • the contour of the inner wall of the discharge vessel defines an internal volume V.
  • the discharge vessel has one Longitudinal axis and two ends with openings, electrical in the ends Feedthroughs are attached gastight, with two electrodes are electrically connected, which are in the internal volume in a given Face the electrode gap EA.
  • the contour of the inner wall has the following geometry:
  • the inner contour of the discharge vessel can be composed of three parts think, namely an essentially straight cylindrical one Middle part with the length L and with the inner radius R and two on it adjoining both sides, essentially hemispherical end pieces with the same radius R.
  • the basic condition is that the length of the cylindrical central part is less than or equal to its inner radius: L ⁇ R.
  • the inside diameter of the discharge vessel must be at least 2/3 of the total length of the discharge vessel. Especially preferably L ⁇ 0.8 R.
  • L and R should be chosen so that certain boundary conditions for the electrode spacing EA are observed. These define an upper and lower limit for the insertion length of the electrodes in the internal volume.
  • the total inside length of the discharge vessel must be at least 10% larger than the electrode gap EA. Otherwise the electrodes come too close to the end area and overheat the lead-through area: 2R + L ⁇ 1.1 EA.
  • the diameter (2R) of the discharge vessel must have a length of at least 80% of the electrode spacing EA, otherwise the discharge vessel is heated unnecessarily strongly in the middle by the curvature of the arc. At the same time, the diameter may have a maximum length of 150% of the electrode spacing EA, since otherwise the middle part remains too cold 1.5 EA ⁇ 2R ⁇ 0.8 EA.
  • the wall load of the discharge vessel (that is the nominal power based on the inner surface) can be set to values between 25 and 45 W / cm 2 , preferably to values between 25 and 35 W / cm 2 , and more so for small-watt lamps at 35 (for values around 20 W nominal power even up to 45 W / cm 2 ), with higher wattages rather at 25 W / cm 2 .
  • the wall load is about 10% lower than with conventional lamps according to the prior art cited above.
  • the wall load of the discharge vessel (in W / cm 2 ) for lamps with a nominal output between 35 and 250 W is dependent on the nominal output P (in W) and the sizes R and L (in each case in cm) of the discharge vessel , chosen so that 25 ⁇ P / (4 ⁇ R 2 + 2 ⁇ RL) ⁇ 35.
  • the volume V of the discharge vessel for a 35 W lamp is approx. 100 - 150 ⁇ l and increases by approx. 7 - 10 ⁇ l per watt of additional nominal power. Accordingly, it decreases with lower performance.
  • a 20 W lamp has one Discharge volume of about 35 ⁇ l.
  • the internal volume V of the discharge vessel (in ⁇ l) is selected as a function of the nominal power P (in W) using the following formula: 0.16 • P 3.5 ⁇ V ⁇ 0.32 • P 3.5 ; in particular 0.22 • P 3.5 ⁇ V ⁇ 0.32 • P 3.5 ,
  • L ⁇ 0.6 R is selected. This is particularly important for small-watt lamps, where the heat losses at the ends are highest, in relative terms.
  • the wall thickness of the discharge vessel is advantageously at least in the Center of the discharge vessel between 5 and 15% of the inner radius R.
  • Special a discharge vessel is suitable in which the wall thickness corresponds to the Ends increases and at the ends up to twice the wall thickness is in the middle.
  • the discharge vessel is usually made of aluminum oxide, which may can be doped with magnesium oxide and other oxides or from other materials such as aluminum nitride or sapphire.
  • the present invention also relates in particular to a high-pressure discharge lamp with a ceramic discharge tube as above described.
  • Separate ceramic are preferably at the ends of the discharge vessel Plug (possibly also designed as a cermet) for receiving the current feedthroughs appropriate.
  • the ends can also be integral parts of the discharge vessel.
  • the feedthroughs can be made from the known set of shapes (e.g. a pipe or pin made of niobium or molybdenum or a conductive cermet) is selected will, in particular, be designed as capillaries into which a suitable Electrode system is soldered.
  • a pipe or pin made of niobium or molybdenum or a conductive cermet e.g. a pipe or pin made of niobium or molybdenum or a conductive cermet
  • the inner contour of the discharge vessel is described here.
  • the outer contour that is less important for the present invention is then more or less predetermined by the wall thickness.
  • the outer contour is due to a uniform wall thickness specified.
  • the wall thickness is between 5% and 15% of the inner radius of the discharge vessel.
  • the Wall thickness increases in this case from typically 10% of the inner radius in the Center of the discharge vessel up to twice this value in the end area. This also prevents rapid corrosion of the ceramic during the lifespan most likely to occur in the end area.
  • an electrode system (not shown) is inserted in each of the plugs, the electrode spacing being 7.5 mm.
  • the filling contained in the discharge volume contains a mixture of the metal halides NaJ and TlJ with rare earth iodides, such as DyJ 3 , TmJ 3 and HoJ 3 , as are usually used for lamps with high wall loads. This results in an initial color temperature of 3030 ⁇ 80 K in the vertical and 2980 ⁇ 80 K in the horizontal burning position. The temperature difference between cold spot and hot spot is only 20 ° with this lamp, in contrast to 70 ° with conventional cylindrical lamps with right-angled end faces.
  • the wall load of this discharge vessel is approximately 28 W / cm 2 .
  • the internal volume of the discharge vessel is 370 ⁇ l.
  • FIG. 2 shows a discharge vessel 1 for a 35 W lamp.
  • the Length of the cylindrical middle part 2 but 1.9 mm, while the radius of the hemispherical end pieces 3 is now 2.55 mm.
  • the total length of the Internal volume is 7.0 mm.
  • the wall thickness of the discharge vessel 1 increases from the center (0.8 mm) towards the outside to a maximum of 0.95 mm.
  • the maximum outside diameter is 6.8 mm.
  • the lamp power is in further similarly constructed exemplary embodiments chosen higher.
  • the ratio for the semi-axes of the ellipsoid is: b / a ⁇ 1.25.
  • the end pieces 11 are together with the plug 12 is integrally made from a single molded ceramic part which consists of aluminum oxide. The wall thickness increases from the center where it is 0.8 mm, towards the ends continuously double.

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  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem keramischen Entladungsgefäß gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention is based on a ceramic discharge vessel according to the preamble of claim 1.

Es handelt sich dabei insbesondere um keramische Entladungsgefäße für Metallhalogenidlampen oder auch Natriumhochdrucklampen. Sie bestehen üblicherweise aus Aluminiumoxid, das mit Dotierstoffen versehen sein kann. Aber auch andere bekannte Materialien wie Saphir, Aluminiumnitrid o.ä. können verwendet werden.These are in particular ceramic discharge vessels for Metal halide lamps or high pressure sodium lamps. They exist usually made of aluminum oxide, which may be provided with dopants can. But also other well-known materials such as sapphire, aluminum nitride etc. can be used.

Die DE-A 31 37 076 beschreibt langgestreckte zylindrische oder in der Mitte ausgebauchte Entladungsgefäße für Natriumhochdruckentladungslampen, wobei der Innendurchmesser des Entladungsvolumens größer als der an den Enden ist. Insbesondere wird empfohlen, daß der Innendurchmesser in Höhe der Elektrodenspitze mindesten 60 % des Innendurchmessers in der Mitte beträgt.DE-A 31 37 076 describes elongated cylindrical or in the middle bulged discharge vessels for high pressure sodium discharge lamps, the inside diameter of the discharge volume being larger than that of the Ends is. In particular, it is recommended that the inside diameter be in height the electrode tip at least 60% of the inner diameter in the middle is.

Aus der EP-A 34 056 ist ein Entladungsgefäß bekannt, das aus einem geraden zylindrischen Rohr gebildet ist, das Enden mit reduziertem Durchmesser besitzt. Das zylindrische Rohr kann einen elliptischen Querschnitt aufweisen. Alternativ ist ein sehr langgestrecktes elliptisches Entladungsgefäß beschrieben, wobei das Achsverhältnis 1:4 bis 1:8 beträgt.From EP-A 34 056 a discharge vessel is known which consists of a straight cylindrical tube is formed, the ends with reduced diameter has. The cylindrical tube can have an elliptical cross section. Alternatively, there is a very elongated elliptical discharge vessel described, wherein the axis ratio is 1: 4 to 1: 8.

Bei derart langgestreckten Entladungsgefäßen ist für den Fall, daß die Füllung Metallhalogenide enthält, keine universelle Brennlage möglich. In vertikaler Brennstellung ist nämlich die cold-spot-Temperatur, die sich dann im Bereich der unteren Elektrode befindet, deutlich niedriger als bei horizontal brennender Lampe. Dies hat eine ausgeprägte Farbverschiebung zwischen horizontaler und vertikaler Brennlage zur Folge. Weiterhin ist die Temperaturverteilung bei derart langgestreckten Geometrien des Entladungsgefäßes relativ inhomogen, so daß ein starker Temperaturgradient auftritt. Bei vorgewählter cold-spot-Temperatur (die zum Erreichen der angestrebten lichttechnischen Werte notwendig ist) stellt sich bei langgestreckter Geometrie eine sehr hohe hot-spot-Temperatur ein, was zu einer Überlastung der Keramik des Entladungsgefäßes führen kann.In the case of such elongated discharge vessels, in the event that the filling Contains metal halides, no universal burning position possible. In vertical Burning position is namely the cold spot temperature, which is then in the The area of the lower electrode is significantly lower than at horizontal burning lamp. This has a pronounced color shift between horizontal and vertical burning position. Furthermore, the temperature distribution with such elongated geometries of the discharge vessel relatively inhomogeneous, so that a strong temperature gradient occurs. With preselected cold spot temperature (the temperature to achieve the desired lighting Values is necessary) arises with elongated geometry a very high hot spot temperature, causing an overload of the ceramic of the discharge vessel.

Aus der EP-A 587 238 ist ein zylindrisches Entladungsgefäß mit rechtwinklig angesetzten Endflächen bekannt, bei dem die Elektroden vertieft in die Enden eingesetzt sind. Derartige zylindrische Entladungsgefäße erlauben zwar eine universelle Brennlage, ihre Temperaturverteilung ist aber ebenfalls inhomogen, so daß auch hier eine sehr hohe hot-spot-Temperatur entsteht.From EP-A 587 238 is a cylindrical discharge vessel with a right angle attached end faces known, in which the electrodes recessed into the ends are used. Such cylindrical discharge vessels do allow a universal burning position, but its temperature distribution is also inhomogeneous, so that a very high hot spot temperature is also generated here.

Ein hoher Temperaturgradient, wie er sowohl in langgestreckten elliptischen als auch in zylindrischen Entladungsgefäßen entsteht, begünstigt Korrosionserscheinungen an der Keramik während der Lebensdauer der Lampe.A high temperature gradient, as seen in both elongated elliptical as well as in cylindrical discharge vessels, encourages signs of corrosion on the ceramic during the life of the lamp.

Weiterhin wird die mit der Verwendung der Keramik gegebene prinzipielle Möglichkeit, die cold-spot-Temperatur im Vergleich zu Quarzglas zu erhöhen und damit die lichttechnischen Daten zu verbessern, bei diesen Geometrien durch die dort auftretende sehr hohe hot-spot-Temperatur begrenzt. Die hot-spot-Temperatur der Keramik ist auf maximal etwa 1250 °C begrenzt, wenn Lebensdauern von 6 000 bis 10 000 Stunden angestrebt sind.Furthermore, the principle given with the use of ceramics Possibility to increase the cold spot temperature compared to quartz glass and thus to improve the lighting data with these geometries limited by the very high hot spot temperature that occurs there. The hot spot temperature of the ceramic is limited to a maximum of about 1250 ° C, when lifetimes of 6,000 to 10,000 hours are aimed for.

Es hat sich zudem herausgestellt, daß bei derartigen langgestreckten zylindrischen oder elliptischen Entladungsgefäßen wegen ihrer sehr inhomogenen Temperaturverteilung die lichttechnischen und elektrischen Lampendaten stark von der Brennlage abhängig sind. Derartige Entladungsgefäße können daher nur zum Einsatz kommen, wenn keine Unabhängigkeit dieser Lampendaten von der Brennlage gefordert ist. Dies ist nur für zweiseitig gesockelte Lampen möglich. Bei ihnen ist normalerweise nur eine horizontale Brennlage zulässig.It has also been found that with such elongated cylindrical or elliptical discharge vessels because of their very inhomogeneous Temperature distribution of the lighting and electrical lamp data are heavily dependent on the burning situation. Such discharge vessels can therefore only be used if this is not independent Lamp data from the burning position is required. This is only for two-sided socketed lamps possible. With them there is usually only a horizontal one Burning position permitted.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein keramisches Entladungsgefäß gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bereitzustellen, das eine sehr homogene Temperaturverteilung besitzt und daher für jede Brennlage geeignet ist. Insbesondere soll auch der Einsatz bei einseitig gesockelten Lampen möglich sein.It is an object of the present invention to provide a ceramic discharge vessel according to the preamble of claim 1, which is a very has a homogeneous temperature distribution and is therefore suitable for any burning position is. In particular, it should also be used with lamps with a base on one side to be possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen finden sich in den abhängigen Ansprüchen. This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1 solved. Particularly advantageous configurations can be found in the dependent ones Claims.

Die vorliegende Erfindung beschreibt eine spezielle "bauchige" Geometrie des Entladungsgefäßes, die bei jeder Brennlage zu nahezu gleichwertigen photometrischen Lampendaten führt, im Gegensatz zu den bekannten Entladungsgefäßen mit langgestreckter zylindrischer oder elliptischer Geometrie. Diese Geometrie führt insbesondere zu einer reduzierten hot-spot-Temperatur und zu einer sehr gleichmäßigen Temperaturverteilung.The present invention describes a special "bulbous" geometry of the discharge vessel, which are almost equivalent in every burning position In contrast to the known discharge vessels, photometric lamp data leads with elongated cylindrical or elliptical geometry. This geometry leads in particular to a reduced hot spot temperature and a very even temperature distribution.

Im einzelnen handelt es ich bei der vorliegenden Erfindung um ein keramisches Entladungsgefäß für eine Hochdruckentladungslampe, das eine lichtemittierende Füllung enthält. Die Kontur der Innenwand des Entladungsgefäßes definiert ein Innenvolumen V. Das Entladungsgefäß besitzt eine Längsachse sowie zwei Enden mit Öffnungen, wobei in den Enden elektrische Durchführungen gasdicht angebracht sind, die mit zwei Elektroden elektrisch verbunden sind, die sich im Innenvolumen in einem gegebenen Elektrodenabstand EA gegenüberstehen.In particular, the present invention is a ceramic Discharge vessel for a high-pressure discharge lamp, which has a light-emitting Filling contains. The contour of the inner wall of the discharge vessel defines an internal volume V. The discharge vessel has one Longitudinal axis and two ends with openings, electrical in the ends Feedthroughs are attached gastight, with two electrodes are electrically connected, which are in the internal volume in a given Face the electrode gap EA.

Die Kontur der Innenwand weist die folgende Geometrie auf:The contour of the inner wall has the following geometry:

Die Innenkontur des Entladungsgefäßes kann man sich aus drei Teilen zusammengesetzt denken, nämlich ein im wesentlichen gerades zylindrisches Mittelteil mit der Länge L und mit dem Innenradius R sowie zwei daran auf beiden Seiten anschließende, im wesentlichen halbkugelförmige Endstücke mit demselben Radius R.The inner contour of the discharge vessel can be composed of three parts think, namely an essentially straight cylindrical one Middle part with the length L and with the inner radius R and two on it adjoining both sides, essentially hemispherical end pieces with the same radius R.

Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß eine ausreichende Brennlagenunabhängigkeit durch die gleichzeitige Einhaltung mehrerer geometrischer Randbedingungen gewährleistet wird.It has been found that there is sufficient independence from the burning position through the simultaneous compliance with several geometric boundary conditions is guaranteed.

Grundlegende Bedingung ist, daß die Länge des zylindrischen Mittelteils kleiner oder gleich seinem Innenradius ist: L ≤ R. The basic condition is that the length of the cylindrical central part is less than or equal to its inner radius: L ≤ R.

Anders ausgedrückt, muß der Innendurchmesser des Entladungsgefäßes mindestens 2/3 der Gesamtlänge des Entladungsgefäßes betragen. Besonders bevorzugt gilt L ≤ 0,8 R.In other words, the inside diameter of the discharge vessel must be at least 2/3 of the total length of the discharge vessel. Especially preferably L ≤ 0.8 R.

L und R sind so zu wählen, daß bestimmte Randbedingungen für den Elektrodenabstand EA eingehalten werden. Diese definieren einen oberen und unteren Grenzwert für die Einsetzlänge der Elektroden im Innenvolumen. L and R should be chosen so that certain boundary conditions for the electrode spacing EA are observed. These define an upper and lower limit for the insertion length of the electrodes in the internal volume.

Die gesamte Innenlänge des Entladungsgefäßes muß um mindestens 10 % größer sein als der Elektrodenabstand EA. Sonst kommen die Elektroden dem Endenbereich zu nahe und erhitzen den Durchführungsbereich zu stark: 2R + L ≥ 1,1 EA. The total inside length of the discharge vessel must be at least 10% larger than the electrode gap EA. Otherwise the electrodes come too close to the end area and overheat the lead-through area: 2R + L ≥ 1.1 EA.

Der Durchmesser (2R) des Entladungsgefäßes muß mindestens eine Länge von 80 % des Elektrodenabstands EA besitzen, sonst wird das Entladungsgefäß in der Mitte durch die Krümmung des Lichtbogens unnötig stark erhitzt. Gleichzeitig darf der Durchmesser höchstens eine Länge von 150 % des Elektrodenabstands EA besitzen, da ansonsten das Mittelteil zu kalt bleibt 1,5 EA ≥ 2R ≥0.8 EA. The diameter (2R) of the discharge vessel must have a length of at least 80% of the electrode spacing EA, otherwise the discharge vessel is heated unnecessarily strongly in the middle by the curvature of the arc. At the same time, the diameter may have a maximum length of 150% of the electrode spacing EA, since otherwise the middle part remains too cold 1.5 EA ≥ 2R ≥0.8 EA.

Insgesamt ergibt sich aus diesen Bemessungen für das Entladungsgefäß ein Verhältnis zwischen der Gesamtlänge und dem maximalen Innendurchmesser von höchstens 1,5, bevorzugt kleiner gleich 1,3.Overall, these dimensions result for the discharge vessel Relationship between the total length and the maximum inside diameter of at most 1.5, preferably less than or equal to 1.3.

Mit dieser Geometrie kann die Wandbelastung des Entladungsgefäßes (das ist die auf die innere Oberfläche bezogene Nennleistung) auf Werte zwischen 25 und 45 W/cm2, bevorzugt auf Werte zwischen 25 und 35 W/cm2 eingestellt werden, und zwar bei kleinwattigen Lampen eher bei 35 (bei Werten um 20 W Nennleistung sogar bis 45 W/cm2), bei höherwattigen eher bei 25 W/cm2. Dies gilt insbesondere im Bereich von etwa 20 W bis ca. 250 W Lampenleistung. Damit ist die Wandbelastung um etwa 10 % niedriger als bei konventionellen Lampen gemäß dem oben zitierten Stand der Technik.With this geometry, the wall load of the discharge vessel (that is the nominal power based on the inner surface) can be set to values between 25 and 45 W / cm 2 , preferably to values between 25 and 35 W / cm 2 , and more so for small-watt lamps at 35 (for values around 20 W nominal power even up to 45 W / cm 2 ), with higher wattages rather at 25 W / cm 2 . This applies in particular in the range from about 20 W to about 250 W lamp power. This means that the wall load is about 10% lower than with conventional lamps according to the prior art cited above.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Wandbelastung des Entladungsgefäßes (in W/cm2) für Lampen mit einer Nennleistung zwischen 35 und 250 W, abhängig von der Nennleistung P (in W) und den Größen R und L (jeweils in cm) des Entladungsgefäßes, so gewählt, daß 25 ≤ P/(4πR2 + 2πRL) ≤ 35. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the wall load of the discharge vessel (in W / cm 2 ) for lamps with a nominal output between 35 and 250 W is dependent on the nominal output P (in W) and the sizes R and L (in each case in cm) of the discharge vessel , chosen so that 25 ≤ P / (4πR 2 + 2πRL) ≤ 35.

Das Volumen V des Entladungsgefäßes liegt bei einer 35 W-Lampe bei ca. 100 - 150 µl und steigt je Watt zusätzlicher Nennleistung um ca. 7 - 10 µl. Entsprechend nimmt es bei geringerer Leistung ab. Eine 20 W-Lampe hat ein Entladungsvolumen von etwa 35 µl. The volume V of the discharge vessel for a 35 W lamp is approx. 100 - 150 µl and increases by approx. 7 - 10 µl per watt of additional nominal power. Accordingly, it decreases with lower performance. A 20 W lamp has one Discharge volume of about 35 µl.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Innenvolumen V des Entladungsgefäßes (in µl) abhängig von der Nennleistung P (in W) nach folgender Formel gewählt: 0,16•P5/3 ≤ V ≤ 0,32•P5/3 ; insbesondere 0,22•P5/3 ≤ V ≤ 0,32•P5/3. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the internal volume V of the discharge vessel (in μl) is selected as a function of the nominal power P (in W) using the following formula: 0.16 • P 3.5 ≤ V ≤ 0.32 • P 3.5 ; in particular 0.22 • P 3.5 ≤ V ≤ 0.32 • P 3.5 ,

Für das Erzielen einer möglichst homogenen Temperaturverteilung hat es sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, wenn L ≤ 0.6 R gewählt wird. Dies ist besonders für kleinwattige Lampen von Bedeutung, bei denen die Wärmeverluste an den Enden, relativ gesehen, am höchsten sind. In diesem Fall kann die Innenkontur in guter Näherung durch ein Rotationsellipsoid mit der kleinen Halbachse a und der großen Halbachse b beschrieben werden, wobei R ≤ a ≤ 1.1R   und   b = R + L/2. To achieve a temperature distribution that is as homogeneous as possible, it has proven to be advantageous if L ≤ 0.6 R is selected. This is particularly important for small-watt lamps, where the heat losses at the ends are highest, in relative terms. In this case, the inner contour can be described in good approximation by an ellipsoid of revolution with the small semiaxis a and the large semiaxis b, whereby R ≤ a ≤ 1.1R and b = R + L / 2.

Vorteilhaft beträgt die Wandstärke des Entladungsgefäßes zumindest in der Mitte des Entladungsgefäßes zwischen 5 und 15 % des Innenradius R. Besonders geeignet ist ein Entladungsgefäß, bei dem die Wandstärke zu den Enden hin zunimmt und an den Enden bis zum Doppelten der Wandstärke in der Mitte beträgt.The wall thickness of the discharge vessel is advantageously at least in the Center of the discharge vessel between 5 and 15% of the inner radius R. Special a discharge vessel is suitable in which the wall thickness corresponds to the Ends increases and at the ends up to twice the wall thickness is in the middle.

Normalerweise besteht das Entladungsgefäß aus Aluminiumoxid, das evtl. mit Magnesiumoxid und anderen Oxiden dotiert sein kann oder auch aus anderen Materialien wie Aluminiumnitrid oder Saphir.The discharge vessel is usually made of aluminum oxide, which may can be doped with magnesium oxide and other oxides or from other materials such as aluminum nitride or sapphire.

Die vorliegenden Erfindung bezieht sich insbesondere auch auf eine Hochdruckentladungslampe mit einem keramischen Entladungsgefäß wie oben beschrieben.The present invention also relates in particular to a high-pressure discharge lamp with a ceramic discharge tube as above described.

An den Enden des Entladungsgefäßes sind bevorzugt separate keramische Stopfen (evtl. auch als Cermet ausgeführt) zur Aufnahme der Stromdurchführungen angebracht. Die Enden können aber auch integrale Bestandteile des Entladungsgefäßes sein.Separate ceramic are preferably at the ends of the discharge vessel Plug (possibly also designed as a cermet) for receiving the current feedthroughs appropriate. The ends can also be integral parts of the discharge vessel.

Die Durchführungen können aus dem an sich bekannten Formenschatz (z.B. ein Rohr oder Stift aus Niob oder Molybdän oder ein leitendes Cermet) ausgewählt werden, insbesondere als Kapillaren ausgeführt sein, in die ein geeignetes Elektrodensystem eingelötet wird,.The feedthroughs can be made from the known set of shapes (e.g. a pipe or pin made of niobium or molybdenum or a conductive cermet) is selected will, in particular, be designed as capillaries into which a suitable Electrode system is soldered.

Beschrieben wird hier im wesentlichen die Innenkontur des Entladungsgefäßes. Die für die vorliegende Erfindung weniger wichtige Außenkontur ist dann durch die Wandstärke mehr oder weniger vorbestimmt. Essentially, the inner contour of the discharge vessel is described here. The outer contour that is less important for the present invention is then more or less predetermined by the wall thickness.

Die Außenkontur ist im einfachsten Fall durch eine gleichmäßige Wandstärke vorgegeben. Die Wandstärke beträgt zwischen 5 % und 15 % des Innenradius des Entladungsgefäßes. Zweckmäßiger ist es jedoch, eine von der Mitte zu den Enden hin leicht ansteigende Wandstärke zu haben. Dies wirkt erstens als Maßnahme für Wärmestau und leitet außerdem verstärkt Wärme von der Mitte zu den Enden hin, was die Wärmeverluste durch das Elektrodensystem und den Durchführungsbereich teilweise kompensiert. Somit wird eine weitere Homogenisierung der Temperaturverteilung erzielt. Die Wandstärke steigt in diesem Fall von typisch 10 % des Innenradius in der Mitte des Entladungsgefäßes bis auf das Doppelte dieses Wertes im Endbereich. Dies verhindert außerdem eine schnelle Korrosion der Keramik während der Lebensdauer, die im Endbereich am ehesten auftritt.In the simplest case, the outer contour is due to a uniform wall thickness specified. The wall thickness is between 5% and 15% of the inner radius of the discharge vessel. However, it is more appropriate to use one of the To have a slightly increasing wall thickness towards the ends. This works firstly, as a measure for heat accumulation and also conducts more heat from the center to the ends, which is the heat loss through the electrode system and partially compensated for the implementation area. Consequently a further homogenization of the temperature distribution is achieved. The Wall thickness increases in this case from typically 10% of the inner radius in the Center of the discharge vessel up to twice this value in the end area. This also prevents rapid corrosion of the ceramic during the lifespan most likely to occur in the end area.

Im folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand mehrerer Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
das keramische Entladungsgefäß einer Metallhalogenidlampe im Schnitt
Figur 2
ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines keramischen Entladungsgefäßes im Schnitt
Figur 3
das Prinzip der elliptischen Näherung für kleine Längen L
Figur 4
ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines keramischen Entladungsgefäßes im Schnitt, basierend auf der Näherung gemäß Fig. 3
The invention will be explained in more detail below with the aid of several exemplary embodiments. Show it:
Figure 1
the ceramic discharge vessel of a metal halide lamp in section
Figure 2
another embodiment of a ceramic discharge vessel in section
Figure 3
the principle of the elliptical approximation for small lengths L
Figure 4
a further embodiment of a ceramic discharge vessel in section, based on the approximation according to FIG. 3

Das in Fig. 1 gezeigte keramische Entladungsgefäß 1 ist für eine 70 W-Lampe gedacht. Es besteht aus einem zylindrischen geraden Mittelteil 2 mit der Länge L = 2 mm und zwei halbkugelförmigen Endstücken 3 mit dem Radius R = 4 mm. Die Gesamtlänge des Innenvolumens ist 10 mm. Die Wandstärke des Entladungsgefäß ist konstant 0,9 mm. Der maximale Außendurchmesser ist 9,8 mm. An den Endstücken 3 erstrecken sich axial jeweils zylindrische, integrale etwa 1,5 mm lange Ansatzstücke 4 nach außen. In ihnen sind keramische langgezogene Stopfen 5 eingesetzt. Sie sind etwas vertieft in die Ansatzstücke 4 eingesetzt, so daß sie die Idealform der halbkreisförmigen Innenkontur noch besser annähern. Im einfachsten Fall haben sie innere Stirnseiten 6, die gerade sind (Fig. 1 linke Hälfte). Vorteilhaft ist die Innenstirnseite 6' des Stopfens abgeschrägt oder selbst konkav gebogen und daher der halbkreisförmigen Innenkontur noch besser angepaßt (Fig. 1, rechte Hälfte). Auf diese Weise wird eine ideale Isothermie erzeugt.The ceramic discharge vessel 1 shown in FIG. 1 is for a 70 W lamp thought. It consists of a cylindrical straight central part 2 with the length L = 2 mm and two hemispherical end pieces 3 with the Radius R = 4 mm. The total length of the inner volume is 10 mm. The The wall thickness of the discharge vessel is a constant 0.9 mm. The maximum outside diameter is 9.8 mm. At the end pieces 3 each extend axially cylindrical, integral approximately 1.5 mm long extensions 4 to the outside. Ceramic elongated plugs 5 are used in them. You are something deepened into the end pieces 4 so that they have the ideal shape of the semicircular Approach inner contour even better. In the simplest case they inner end faces 6, which are straight (Fig. 1 left half). It is advantageous the inner end face 6 'of the stopper is chamfered or even curved concavely and therefore the semicircular inner contour even better adapted (Fig. 1, right half). In this way an ideal isothermal energy is generated.

In den Stopfen ist, ähnlich wie in EP-A 587 238 beschrieben, jeweils ein Elektrodensystem (nicht dargestellt) eingesetzt, wobei der Elektrodenabstand 7,5 mm beträgt. Die im Entladungsvolumen enthaltene Füllung enthält eine Mischung der Metallhalogenide NaJ und TlJ mit Seltenerd-Jodiden, wie z.B. DyJ3, TmJ3 und HoJ3, wie sie üblicherweise für Lampen mit hoher Wandbelastung eingesetzt werden. Damit wird eine anfängliche Farbtemperatur von 3030 ± 80 K in vertikaler und 2980 ± 80 K in horizontaler Brennlage erzielt. Der Temperaturunterschied zwischen cold-spot und hot-spot beträgt bei dieser Lampe nur noch 20° im Gegensatz zu 70° bei konventionellen zylindrischen Lampen mit rechtwinklig angesetzten Endflächen.Similar to that described in EP-A 587 238, an electrode system (not shown) is inserted in each of the plugs, the electrode spacing being 7.5 mm. The filling contained in the discharge volume contains a mixture of the metal halides NaJ and TlJ with rare earth iodides, such as DyJ 3 , TmJ 3 and HoJ 3 , as are usually used for lamps with high wall loads. This results in an initial color temperature of 3030 ± 80 K in the vertical and 2980 ± 80 K in the horizontal burning position. The temperature difference between cold spot and hot spot is only 20 ° with this lamp, in contrast to 70 ° with conventional cylindrical lamps with right-angled end faces.

Die Wandbelastung dieses Entladungsgefäßes beträgt etwa 28 W/cm2. Das Innenvolumen des Entladungsgefäßes ist 370 µl.The wall load of this discharge vessel is approximately 28 W / cm 2 . The internal volume of the discharge vessel is 370 µl.

In Fig. 2 ist ein Entladungsgefäß 1 für eine 35 W-Lampe gezeigt. Hier ist die Länge des zylindrischen Mittelteils 2 aber 1,9 mm, während der Radius der halbkugelförmigen Endstücke 3 jetzt 2,55 mm beträgt. Die Gesamtlänge des Innenvolumens ist 7.0 mm.2 shows a discharge vessel 1 for a 35 W lamp. Here is the Length of the cylindrical middle part 2 but 1.9 mm, while the radius of the hemispherical end pieces 3 is now 2.55 mm. The total length of the Internal volume is 7.0 mm.

Die Wandstärke des Entladungsgefäßes 1 nimmt von der Mitte (0,8 mm) nach außen hin auf maximal 0,95 mm zu. Der maximale Außendurchmesser ist 6,8 mm. Auch hier sind wieder integrale Ansatzstücke 4 und separate Stopfen 5 vorgesehen.The wall thickness of the discharge vessel 1 increases from the center (0.8 mm) towards the outside to a maximum of 0.95 mm. The maximum outside diameter is 6.8 mm. Again, there are integral extensions 4 and separate Stopper 5 provided.

In weiteren ähnlich aufgebauten Ausführungsbeispielen ist die Lampenleistung höher gewählt. Bei 100 W Leistung ist L = 2,5 mm und R = 4,5 mm. Bei 150 W Leistung ist L = 2 mm und R = 6 mm. Bei 250 W Leistung ist L = 6 mm und R = 7,0 mm.The lamp power is in further similarly constructed exemplary embodiments chosen higher. At 100 W power, L = 2.5 mm and R = 4.5 mm. at 150 W power is L = 2 mm and R = 6 mm. At 250 W power, L = 6 mm and R = 7.0 mm.

Um die Erfordernisse, denen die oben dargestellte Kontur genügt, noch befriedigend zu erfüllen, genügt auch eine näherungsweise Einhaltung der oben angegebenen Abmessungsvorschriften mit maximal 15 % Abweichung.To meet the requirements that the contour shown above satisfies an approximate compliance with the Dimensional specifications given above with a maximum deviation of 15%.

Daher ist für den Grenzfall kleiner Längen des Mittelteils (L ≈ 0,5 R) die Beschreibung der Innenkontur mittels einer elliptischen Formel mit den Halbachsen a und b möglich, da diese Näherung auf 15 % genau ist. Therefore, for the limit case of small lengths of the middle part (L ≈ 0.5 R), the description the inner contour using an elliptical formula with the semiaxes a and b possible because this approximation is accurate to 15%.

Unter der Voraussetzung, daß die kleine Halbachse a der Ellipse so gewählt ist, daß die Abweichung von der idealen Kontur (mit Radius R und Länge L des Mittelteils) höchstens 15 % ist: R ≤ a ≤ 1,1 R, und unter Berücksichtigung der Tatsache, daß die große Halbachse b als b = R + L/2 dargestellt werden kann, ist in Fig. 3 ein Vergleich der beiden Konturen gezeigt. Es ergibt sich dabei ein Verhältnis für die Halbachsen des Ellipsoids von: b/a ≤ 1,25. Provided that the small semiaxis a of the ellipse is chosen so that the deviation from the ideal contour (with radius R and length L of the middle part) is at most 15%: R ≤ a ≤ 1.1 R, and taking into account the fact that the large semi-axis b can be represented as b = R + L / 2, a comparison of the two contours is shown in FIG. The ratio for the semi-axes of the ellipsoid is: b / a ≤ 1.25.

Die restlichen Bemessungsregeln hinsichtlich Elektrodenabstand und Wandbelastung gelten dabei unverändert weiter.The remaining dimensioning rules regarding electrode spacing and Wall loads continue to apply unchanged.

In Fig. 4 ist das Beispiel einer 70 W-Lampe dargestellt, bei der die Innenkontur 10 des Entladungsgefäßes 9 als geschlossenes Ellipsoid geformt ist mit den Abmessungen a = 4,4 mm sowie b = 5 mm, ausgehend von einem Design mit R =4 mm. Somit ist b/a =1,14. Die Endstücke 11 sind zusammen mit den Stopfen 12 integral aus einem einzigen Keramikformteil hergestellt, das aus Aluminiumoxid besteht. Die Wandstärke nimmt von der Mitte, wo sie 0,8 mm beträgt, zu den Enden kontinuierlich auf das Doppelte zu.In Fig. 4 the example of a 70 W lamp is shown in which the inner contour 10 of the discharge vessel 9 is formed with a closed ellipsoid the dimensions a = 4.4 mm and b = 5 mm, based on a design with R = 4 mm. Hence b / a = 1.14. The end pieces 11 are together with the plug 12 is integrally made from a single molded ceramic part which consists of aluminum oxide. The wall thickness increases from the center where it is 0.8 mm, towards the ends continuously double.

Alle derartigen Lampen zeigen auch nach 9000 Stunden noch keinerlei Korrosion des Entladungsgefäßes. Dagegen haben die besten konventionellen Lampen gemäß dem eingangs vorgestellten Stand der Technik bereits nach 8000 Stunden eine Ausfallrate von 50 %.All such lamps do not show any corrosion even after 9000 hours of the discharge vessel. In contrast, the best have conventional ones Lamps according to the prior art presented at the beginning 8000 hours, a failure rate of 50%.

Claims (11)

  1. Ceramic discharge vessel for a high-pressure discharge lamp, in which the contour of the inner wall of the discharge vessel defines an internal volume V which contains a light-emitting fill and which has a longitudinal axis and two ends with openings, electrical lead-throughs being arranged in a gas tight manner in the openings, which electrical lead-throughs are electrically connected to two electrodes which are positioned opposite one another, at a given electrode spacing EA, in the internal volume, characterized in that the contour of the inner wall has the following geometry:
    the contour has a substantially straight, cylindrical centre part of length L and internal radius R and two substantially hemispherical end pieces having the same radius R,
    the length of the cylindrical centre part is less than or equal to its internal radius: L ≤ R,
    the internal length of the discharge vessel is at least 10% greater than the electrode spacing EA: 2R + L ≥ 1.1 EA,
    the diameter 2R of the discharge vessel corresponds to at least 80% of the electrode spacing EA; at the same time, it may have a length of at most 150% of the electrode spacing EA: 1.5 EA ≥ 2 R ≥ 0.8 EA
  2. Ceramic discharge vessel according to Claim 1, characterized in that the wall loading of the discharge vessel is between 25 and 45 W/cm2.
  3. Ceramic discharge vessel according to Claim 1, characterized in that the wall loading of the discharge vessel in W/cm2 is selected as a function of the rated output P in W of the discharge vessel, in a such a way that 25 ≤ P / (4πR2 + 2πRL) ≤ 35
  4. Ceramic discharge vessel according to Claim 1, characterized in that the internal volume V of the discharge vessel for a rated output of at least 35 W is at least 100 µl.
  5. Ceramic discharge vessel according to Claim 1, characterized in that the internal volume of the discharge vessel in µl is selected as a function of the rated output P in W, according to the following formula: 0.16•P5/3 ≤ V ≤ 0.32•P5/3, in particular 0.22•P5/3 ≤ V ≤ 0.32•P5/3
  6. Ceramic discharge vessel according to Claim 1, characterized in that L ≤ 0.5 R.
  7. Ceramic discharge vessel according to Claim 6, characterized in that the internal contour is described by a rotational ellipsoid having the semiaxes a and b, where R ≤ a ≤ 1.1 R and b = R + L/2.
  8. Ceramic discharge vessel according to Claim 1, characterized in that the wall thickness of the discharge vessel, at least in the centre of the discharge vessel is between 5 and 15% of the internal radius R.
  9. Ceramic discharge vessel according to Claim 1, characterized in that the wall thickness increases towards the ends, where it is up to twice the wall thickness in the centre.
  10. Ceramic discharge vessel according to Claim 1, characterized in that stoppers, the discharge-side end sides of which are bevelled or concavely curved, are fitted in the openings.
  11. High-pressure discharge lamp having a ceramic discharge vessel according to one of the preceding claims.
EP97117480A 1996-11-07 1997-10-09 Ceramic discharge vessel Expired - Lifetime EP0841687B1 (en)

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DE19645960A DE19645960A1 (en) 1996-11-07 1996-11-07 Ceramic discharge tube
DE19645960 1996-11-07
US08/949,523 US5936351A (en) 1996-11-07 1997-10-14 Ceramic discharge vessel

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EP0841687A2 EP0841687A2 (en) 1998-05-13
EP0841687A3 EP0841687A3 (en) 1998-06-17
EP0841687B1 true EP0841687B1 (en) 2003-01-08

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JP (1) JP3723676B2 (en)
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CN1182276A (en) 1998-05-20
HUP9701882A2 (en) 1998-06-29
CA2218639C (en) 2005-12-20
US5936351A (en) 1999-08-10
JP3723676B2 (en) 2005-12-07
CA2218639A1 (en) 1998-05-07
HU9701882D0 (en) 1998-01-28
EP0841687A2 (en) 1998-05-13
EP0841687A3 (en) 1998-06-17
HUP9701882A3 (en) 2000-02-28
JPH10144261A (en) 1998-05-29
CN1102798C (en) 2003-03-05
HU220258B (en) 2001-11-28
DE19645960A1 (en) 1998-05-14

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