Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q15/00—Anti-perspirants or body deodorants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
  • A61K8/26—Aluminium; Compounds thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
  • A61K8/28—Zirconium; Compounds thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • A61K8/86—Polyethers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/90—Block copolymers

Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to the field of antiperspirants and deodorants to reduce and prevent perspiration and body malodor associated with human perspiration, particularly underarm malodor, without the disadvantageous effects of stickiness or wetness following application.
• Antiperspirants combat axillary body malodors by inhibiting perspiration through the action of astringent salts such as aluminum and zirconium salts. As has been experienced by a considerable number of antiperspirant users, such active salts may be irritating and painful to the sensitive skin or body surface to which the antiperspirant is applied. Deodorants, on the other hand, prevent objectionable odors resulting from the degradation of the components of sweat which are attacked by chemicals and microbes, thereby producing foul-smelling fatty acids. Because deodorants do not inhibit sweat, but rather inhibit the growth of microorganisms that cause malodor, deodorants are generally less irritating to the skin than antiperspirants. However, the action of antiperspirants reduces or prevents wetness and sweating; therefore, antiperspirants are frequently preferred over deodorants.
• astringent salts such as aluminum and zirconium salts.
• antiperspirant salts which comprise antiperspirants
• these water-soluble salts in concentrated solutions, are astringent when applied to the skin, and are sticky as they dry, thereby producing an unpleasant tacky feeling in the underarms.
• a variety of product forms have been developed with the sole purpose of dealing with this elegance problem. Originally, squeeze bottle sprays were sold, but these were wet and drippy and did little to reduce tackiness in the underarms. Creams were less sticky, but required hand application and left unsightly residues on skin and clothing. Emulsion roll-on lotions were an improvement, because they were applied directly and delivered a thin film of product, but they were still sticky, messy, and slow drying. Moreover, aerosol sprays seemed to provide an elegant product form, but they delivered a choking, dusty spray around the user's face and later on were rejected because of the negative environmental impact of their properties.
• a number of antiperspirants formulated as viscous, high internal phase emulsions or microemulsions and comprising oil in water compositions and various additives may show a white residue after application of the antiperspirant and drying.
• Such a residue may be attributed to the volatilization of the liquid component, which is usually ethanol at high levels, and the leaving behind of a film of the non-volatile powdering ingredients.
• Another problem in the art, especially with those antiperspirant compositions having a significantly high alcohol content, is a stinging sensation which occurs after application of the product onto the skin, particularly after shaving.
• Clear or translucent gelled antiperspirant sticks which are substantially anhydrous, contain active antiperspirant material, a stabilizer as an essential component, and are gelled in a gelling agent, such as dibenzylidene monosorbitol acetal, have been disclosed (U.S. Patent No. 5,376,363 to A.J. Benfatto et al.).
• acetal gelling agents are often unstable in the acidic environment of most antiperspirant active materials, so that suitable buffering or stabilizing agents must be discovered and used to slow down the acid attack on the gelling agent.
• many of the clear or translucent antiperspirant sticks containing acetal gelling agent and solubilized active antiperspirant material have the disadvantage of being inherently tacky.
• compositions provide antiperspirant active materials in gellants of different types, such as polyamide gelling agent (U.S. Patent No. 5,500,209 to M.S. Mendolia et al.).
• a desired goal in the art remains for the development of clear, stable antiperspirant products which provide the following advantageous characteristics: 1) they do not feel objectionably wet or cold upon application; 2) they dry rapidly; 3) they do not feel sticky or tacky; and 4) they leave no visible residue in the underarm area after application.
• the present invention provides fully soluble, aqueous-based antiperspirant compositions that can be formulated in all types of liquid dosage or delivery forms.
• the antiperspirant compositions or formulations of the invention comprise newly-discovered classes of emollient solvents that are stable, safe for application to human skin, and uniquely meet the criteria as set forth above.
• the present compositions provide clear, cosmetically elegant antiperspirant formulations that are aesthetically acceptable after application, are non-irritating to the body and skin of the user, and are capable of effectively inhibiting perspiration and preventing wetness and body malodor.
• the present invention provides simple, aqueous-based antiperspirant compositions comprising, in general, one or more antiperspirant salts, polyglycols, preferably blocked polyglycols, water, and, if desired, optional ingredients conventionally used in antiperspirant compositions.
• the compositions of the invention are suitable for use in a number of different cosmetic manufactured forms for application onto the body and skin surface.
• the compositions have excellent efficacy in combatting body malodor and perspiration and are cosmetically aesthetic.
• the antiperspirant compositions of the invention apply easily onto the skin surface, dry quicky, are not perceived as feeling sticky, tacky or gritty, and leave no visible residue following application.
• An object of another aspect of the invention is to provide cosmetic compositions of the above-described antiperspirants which do not exhibit tackiness, which feel uniform and dry after application, do not feel greasy or oily, are applied clear to the skin and remain clear and clean, i.e., have no visible cakey or chalky residue after application, regardless of the forms in which the antiperspirant compositions are delivered (e.g., roll-on or aerosol, and the like).
• An object of yet another aspect of the invention is to provide an aqueous-based antiperspirant composition for use in methods for treating or preventing human malodor associated with perspiration and sweating, especially underarm malodor.
• the methods comprise applying to the skin of a human a safe and effective amount of the antiperspirant compositions of the invention.
• An object of still another aspect of the invention is to provide an aqueous-based antiperspirant solution technology utilizing polyglycols that minimizes or eliminates tack, is quick drying and clear.
• the antiperspirant solution technology is suitable for a wide variety of different delivery forms, has acceptable and advantageous organoleptic qualities, and costs significantly less than currently available antiperspirant products, e.g., clear roll-on products.
• the solution technology of the invention is also economical and easy to manufacture.
• the present invention provides fully soluble, aqueous-based antiperspirant compositions for reducing or inhibiting sweating and perspiration.
• the compositions provide simple and elegant formulations which comprise one or more antiperspirant salts in combination with polyglycols, preferably blocked polyglycols, and water. All of the components of the antiperspirant compositions of the invention are soluble and are in solution in the aqueous-based compositions.
• the compositions of the invention deposit an effective and suitable amount of active antiperspirant material when the compositions are applied to and rubbed onto the skin, e.g., in axillary regions of the body (i.e., the compositions have good pay-off properties).
• Blocked polyglycols as used herein encompasse molecules that are comprised of alternating sections of one chemical composition (e.g., PPG) separated by sections of a different chemical nature (e.g., POE).
• the component polyglycols of the compositions have been newly discovered as novel classes of emollient solvents that have the unique ability, when mixed with aqueous solutions of the popular antiperspirant salts, to form clear solutions which are physically and chemically stable, do not reduce the efficacy of the antiperspirant salts in the compositions, and do not feel wet upon application to the skin.
• the polyglycols formulated in the antiperspirant compositions of the invention serve to reduce or eliminate the stickiness and tack of the antiperspirants and produce no visible residue in the underarm as they spread and dry upon applicaiton.
• novel compositions do not sting or burn upon application, and do not increase the irritancy of the antiperspirant salts in the compositions, in contrast to ethanol.
• novel antiperspirant compositions comprising polyglycols do not need to contain significant amounts of alcohol components.
• the presence of the polyglycols in the antiperspirant compositions of the invention leads to the minimization, reduction, or elimination of tack.
• the polyglycols for example, PPG-2-Buteth-3, serve as detackifiers in the final compositions as described herein.
• such polyglycols can also function as emollients for improvement of the organoleptic qualities of the compositions of the invention. It is believed that tack can be attributed to an abundance of hydroxyl groups, mainly in the antiperspirant active and water components, but also in excipient ingredients of antiperspirant compositions. An excess of hydroxyl groups, in turn, causes subsequent hydrogen bonding on the skin.
• Nonlimiting examples of typical excipient ingredients in such antiperspirant formulations which are believed to be associated with the above-mentioned skin hydrogen bonding are acid-stabilized glyceryl monostearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium cetyl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, alkyl aryl sulfates, hexitol esters of the common fatty acids and their polyoxyethylene derivatives, and polyoxyethylene ethers.
• the polyglycols for use in the invention are included as members of the class of polyethylene or polypropylene oxide derivatives, for example, the linear polymers of ethylene and propylene oxides having the general formula: wherein m may be 0; however, m is generally greater than n; for example n is from 1 to about 34, preferably 2 to 20; and m has an average value of from about 2 to 45, preferably 3 to 30; and R is an alkyl, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, and the like, glyceryl, or H provided n>2, preferably n ⁇ 6. Liquid, water-soluble blocked polyglycols are presently preferred in the compositions of the invention.
• butanol-based (i.e., buteth) polyglycols having a chain length as depicted in the following formula: wherein, x ranges from an average value of about 2 to 33, and y ranges from an average value of about 3 to 45, and which are compatible with the active antiperspirant salts (e.g., aluminum and zirconium salts) are employed in the compositions of the invention.
• active antiperspirant salts e.g., aluminum and zirconium salts
• water-soluble polyglycols which are blocked polymers (blocked polyglycols) having a molecular weight of from about 200 to 20,000, preferably, about 250 to about 5000, and more preferably about 270 to 2000, are envisioned for use in the compositions of the invention.
• polyglycols for use in the invention include, but are not limited to, those which are commercially available as fluids and lubricants from Union Carbide under the registered trademark designation UCON®.
• UCON® Commercially available as fluids and lubricants from Union Carbide under the registered trademark designation UCON®.
• UCON® compounds suitable for use in the invention, and their solubilities in various solvents at 25°C, are described in the standard product booklet/handbook "UCON® Fluids and Lubricants", which is incorporated herein by reference. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the UCON® products also correspond to a more general designation of polyglycol chemical compounds known in the art.
• the UCON® product 50-HB-55 is also known as PPG-2-Buteth-3;
• PPG-2-Buteth-3 is, in turn, also known in the art as polyoxyethylene (3) polyoxypropylene (2) monobutyl ether and as polyoxypropylene (2) polyoxyethylene (3) monobutyl ether, as described in the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook.
• UCON® 50-HB compounds have a range of molecular weights and viscosities, and all are water-soluble.
• UCON® 50-HB-55 also known as PPG-2-Buteth-3
• UCON® 50-HB-100 also known as PPG-3-Buteth-5
• UCON® 50-HB-170 also known as PPG-5-Buteth-7
• UCON® 50-HB-260 has a molecular weight of 1000
• UCON® 50-HB-400 has a molecular weight of 270
• UCON® 50-HB-100 also known as PPG-3-Buteth-5
• UCON® 50-HB-170 also known as PPG-5-Buteth-7
• UCON® 50-HB-260 has a molecular weight of 1000
• UCON® 50-HB-400 has a molecular weight of 1000
• UCON® 50-HB-660 has a molecular weight of 1700
• UCON® 50-HB-2000 has a molecular weight of 2900
• UCON® 50-HB-3520 has a molecular weight of 3200
• UCON® 50-HB-5100 also known as PPG-33-Buteth-45
• PPG-33-Buteth-45 has a molecular weight of 4000.
• Specific but nonlimiting examples of the 75-H fluids useable in the compositions of the invention include: UCON® 75-H-450 having a molecular weight of 1050; 75-H-1400 having a molecular weight of 2500; 75-H-90,000 having a molecular weight of 12,000; and 75-H 1400.
• polyglycols suitable for use in the compositions of the invention include, but are not limited to, polypropylene glycol (17) or PPG-17; polypropylene glycol P-2000 or PPG-26; polypropylene glycol 4000 or PPG-30; PPG-9 (or Witconol PPG-400); PPG-34; PPG-10 butanediol; PPG-12-Buteth-16; PPG-15-Buteth-20; PPG-20-Buteth-30; PPG-24-Buteth-27; PPG-26-Buteth-26 (also known as Witconol APEB); PPG-28-Buteth-35; and PPG-2 Methyl Ether.
• Table 1 sets forth a number of exemplary blocked polyglycols for use in accordance with the invention and described by their CTFA designations, technical names, and tradenames.
• CTFA Designation Technical Name Tradename PPG-9 polyoxypropylene (9) polypropylene glycol (9) Witconol PPG-400 (Witco) PPG-17 polyoxypropylene (17) polypropylene glycol (17) PPG-26 polyoxypropylene (26) polypropylene glycol (26) Hodag PPG 2000 (Calgene) PPG-30 polyoxypropylene (30) polypropylene glycol (30) Polyglycol P-4000 (Dow) PPG-34 polyoxypropylene (34) polypropylene glycol (34) Witconol CD-17 (Witco) PPG-10 Butanediol Probutyl DB-10 (Croda, Inc.) PPG-2 Methyl ether dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether Dowanol DPM (Dow Chemical) PPG-4
• blocked polyglycols which are not water soluble, but which might be used in the compositions in suitable amounts under appropriate conditions and with appropriate amounts of the other component ingredients include PPG-4 Butyl Ether; PPG-5 Butyl Ether; PPG-9 Butyl Ether; PPG-14 Butyl Ether; PPG-15 Butyl Ether; PPG-16 Butyl Ether, and the like.
• the polyglycols are present in the compositions of the invention in an amount effective to solubilize and to reduce or eliminate the perception of tackiness or stickiness of the composition.
• the polyglycols are typically present in tne final antiperspirant composition in an amount of about 2% to 60% by weight, preferably about 5% to 50% by weight more preferably, about 10% to 30%, by weight based on the total weight of the composition. More than one blocked polyglycol may be formulated into the compositions, as exemplified, such that the final antiperspirant formulations contain a mixture or combination of polyglycols of appropriate effective amount, in % by weight.
• liquid, water-soluble polyglycol ethers are formulated into the antiperspirant compositions.
• water-soluble polymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and copolymers of ethylene and propylene oxides those particularly useful to meet the criteria for producing elegant, stable, clear antiperspirant solutions in this embodiment have one of the terminal hydroxyl groups reacted to form an ether.
• water-soluble polyglycol ethers are methyl, ethyl, butyl or glyceryl ethers of polyethylene, polypropylene or copolymers of ethylene and propylene oxides as set forth hereinbelow:
• antiperspirant active compounds i.e., active salts such as astringent antiperspirant metal salts
• active salts such as astringent antiperspirant metal salts
• astringent antiperspirant metal salts include, but are not limited to, typical aluminum and aluminum zirconium (Al/Zr) salts that are familiar to those skilled in the art.
• antiperspirant salts include, but are not limited to, aluminum chlorohydrate, sodium aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum sesquichlorohydrate, aluminum bromohydrate, aluminum halides (e.g., aluminum chloride), aluminum hydroxyhalides, sodium aluminum chlorohydroxylactate, buffered aluminum sulfate, aluminum chlorohydrex, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxychloride, aluminum oxysulfate, aluminum-zirconium compounds, such as aluminum-zirconium trichlorohydrex-gly, aluminum-zirconium tetrachlorohydrex-gly, aluminum-zirconium pentachlorohydrex-gly, aluminum-zirconium octachlorohydrex-gly, aluminum-zirconium trichlorohydrate, aluminum-zirconium pentachlorohydrate, aluminum-zirconium tetrachlorohydrate, aluminum-zirconium chloride, aluminum-zirconium sulfate, and potassium aluminum aluminum chlorohydrate
• astringent metal salts include those of zirconium, such as zirconyl oxyhalides, zirconyl hydroxyhalides (e.g., zirconyl hydroxychloride) and zirconium lactate. Mixtures, complexes and combinations of the antiperspirant metal salts are also suitable to use.
• zirconium compounds as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,120,948 to Shelton; in U.S. Patent No. 3,679,068; and in British Patent Specification No. 2,144,992 to Callaghan et al. may be used.
• Aluminum compounds are described in U.S. Patent No. 3,887,692, 3,904,741, 4,359,456; and in British Patent Specification No.
• Nonlimiting examples of aluminum and zirconium salts that are presently preferred in the compositions of the invention are available from the chemical company Reheis® Inc., particularly, aluminum-zirconium complexes commercially available under the registered trademark designation REACH®.
• the CTFA nomenclature corresponds to particular REACH® products as follows: REACH®AZP 701, 902, and 908 aluminum-zirconium complexes are aluminum-zirconium tetrachlorohydrex-gly pursuant to CTFA nomenclature; REACH®AZZ 902 aluminum-zirconium complex is aluminum-zirconium trichlorohydrex-gly pursuant to CTFA nomenclature; and REACH®AZO 902 and 908 aluminum-zirconium complexes are aluminum-zirconium octachlorohydrex-gly pursuant to CTFA nomenclature.
• aqueous aluminum zirconium salt that is quite suitable for employment in the compositions of the invention is 35% aqueous aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrex-Gly, commercially available as Westchlor® ZR 35B from Westwood Chemical Corporation, Middletown, NY.
• Weslchlor® ZR 35B is a conventional tetra salt with an AVZr atomic ratio of 3.5:1 and a metal/chloride ratio of 1.4:1, and is also known to those in the art as AZG or ZAG.
• glycine may be bound in the aluminum-zirconium complexes of the antiperspirant active metal salt.
• aluminum-zirconium complexes containing glycine are presently preferred.
• an aqueous solution of the antiperspirant e.g., a solution at a concentration of about 50% to 60% in water
• the 50% ACH solution in water can be purchased directly as such from the supplier.
• the active antiperspirant ingredients are solubilized in the compositions of the invention in an effective antiperspirant amount to reduce or eliminate perspiration, wetness and body malodor, i.e., in a sufficient amount to have an effect to reduce body malodor by reducing wetness and the flow of perspiration where applied.
• reduction of body malodor is meant generally that there is less body malodor or wetness from perspiration after application of the composition to a person's skin compared with no application onto the skin. Such reduction can be due to a masking of the malodor, reduction of the levels of bacteria which produce the malodorous materials, e.g., from perspiration or sweat, reduction of perspiration, and the like. It is generally appreciated that antiperspirant materials primarily act to reduce body malodor by reducing the production of perspiration or sweat.
• the active antiperspirant e.g., antiperspirant metal salt
• the amount is on an active basis and can be from about 2% to about 60% by weight of the composition, preferably about 5% to about 35%, and more preferably up to about 26%.
• the amount of antiperspirant is commonly about 5% to about 26%. More particularly, the maximum use level for ACH is typically up to about 26% by weight, while the maximum use level for AZG is typically up to about 20% by weight, on an anhydrous basis.
• the amount of antiperspirant may be less than 8%.
• compositions formulated in accordance with the invention can include optional ingredients, in addition to the above-detailed ingredients, i.e., antiperspirant metal salts, blocked polyglycols, and water, to further enhance clarity, structural integrity, antiperspirant performance, cosmetic appeal, or to facilitate manufacturing.
• optional ingredients i.e., antiperspirant metal salts, blocked polyglycols, and water, to further enhance clarity, structural integrity, antiperspirant performance, cosmetic appeal, or to facilitate manufacturing.
• Nonlimiting, exemplary classes of cosmetic ingredients or other additives may optionally be used in the aqueous antiperspirant composition solutions of the invention in amounts of about 0.1% to 40%, preferably about 0.5% to 20%, more preferably, about 1% to 10% by weight.
• Such optional ingredients include, but are not limited to, emollients; emulsifiers; humectants; detergent and emulsifier intermediates; suspending and dispersing agents; antioxidants; preservatives; antimicrobial compounds; buffers; chelating agents; coupling agents; cosolvents, solvents, and solubilizers; clarifiers and detackifiers; foaming boosters; suspending and dispersing agents; thickening agents; penetrants; gelling agents; hardeners; strengtheners; opacifiers; waxes; dyes; colorants; fragrances; and mixtures or combinations thereof, and other components typically used in antiperspirant formulations.
• the antiperspirant may also include, illustratively,
• the presently preferred optional additive ingredients for the compositions of the invention include, but are not limited to, emollients; suspending and dispersing agents; buffers; chelating agents; coupling agents; cosolvents, solvents and solubilizers; clarifiers and detackifiers; fragrances; perfumes; and combinations or mixtures thereof.
• More preferred optional ingredients include suitable amounts of solvents, cosolvents and solubilizers for optimum product clarity, e.g., dipropylene glycol or polyethylene glycol or surfactants, e.g., Brij 78, in amounts of about 0.1% to 40% by weight; perfumes and colors, in amounts of about 0.1 % to 2% by weight; and antimicrobial compounds in amounts of about 0.01% to 2% by weight.
• solvents, cosolvents and solubilizers for optimum product clarity e.g., dipropylene glycol or polyethylene glycol or surfactants, e.g., Brij 78
• perfumes and colors in amounts of about 0.1 % to 2% by weight
• antimicrobial compounds in amounts of about 0.01% to 2% by weight.
• the pH of the compositions of the invention is typically about 2.5 to 6.5, preferably, about 3.0 to 5.5, more preferably about 3.5 to 4.5.
• a low pH can be attributed to the antiperspirant active metal salts used in the compositions, which are acidic in nature.
• the components and additives formulated in to the compositions of the invention are acid-stable and acid-compatible for optimum stability and shelf-life.
• solvents and cosolvents may be formulated into the compositions of the invention to assist in the solubilization of component ingredients of the compositions and for optimum product clarity.
• Commonly employed solvents and cosolvents are selected from dihydroxy aliphatic alcohols containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and include, for example, dipropylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol; 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol; 1,4-butylene glycol; and 1,5-dihydroxy pentane.
• cosolvent in the compositions of the invention is dipropylene glycol.
• dihydroxy aliphatic ethers containing from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, such as dibutylene glycol, may be also utilized.
• Cosolvents are typically employed at concentrations of from about 0% to about 40%, preferably about 10% to 25%, more preferably about 5% to 15%.
• An additional exemplary class of compounds having solubilizer function in the antiperspirant compositions of the present invention is that of the alkyoxylated alcohols, such as ceteareth-15, ceteareth-16, ceteareth-17, ceteareth-18, ceteareth-20, ceteareth-23, ceteareth-25, ceteareth-27, ceteareth-28, and ceteareth-30, with ceteareth-20 being especially suitable for solubilizer function in the compositions of the invention.
• the ceteareths are further described in the CTFA Cosmetic Handbook, 1992.
• compositions of the invention may contain small amounts of one, or several, emollients, surfactants and other water soluble or insoluble components which may additionally function to increase clarity or as antitacking agents to prevent stickiness of the compositions after they have dried on the skin surface.
• Emollients enhance the feel of the compositions and the ease with which they can be applied.
• Emollients include lubricants and other materials used to enhance the organoleptics of an antiperspirant product, as is well known in the art. Indeed, in the compositions of the invention the blocked polyglycols serve as effective emollient solvents, thereby obviating other emollient additives, unless desired or necessary, as optional additives in the compositions.
• compositions may optionally contain semipolar products which are soluble or compatible with propylene glycol or dipropylene glycol, which are known to those skilled in the art and which can be utilized in the practice of the invention.
• semipolar products which are soluble or compatible with propylene glycol or dipropylene glycol, which are known to those skilled in the art and which can be utilized in the practice of the invention.
• Clear, liquid semipolar emollients and surfactants may be used to attain improved clarity under all temperature conditions, if desired.
• CTFA Designation Source 1 Arosurf 66-E2 Isosteareth-2 Sherex 2. Arlasolve 200 Isoceteth-20 ICI 3. Dermol G-76 Glycereth-7-Benzoate Alzo 4. Brij 30 Laureth-4 ICI 5. Arosurf 66PE12 PPG-3 Isosteareth-9 Sherex 6. Cetiol HE PEG-7-Glycerol Cocoate Henkel 7. Aethoxal B PPG-5-Laureth-5 Henkel 8. Emulgin L PPG-2-Ceteareth-9 Henkel 9.
• compositions of the invention include diisopropyl seacate, myristyl lactate and isopropyl myristate.
• Clarifiers and detackifiers may be employed typically at a concentration level of from about 0.5% to 12%, preferably, about 1% to 10%, more preferably about 1.5% to 8%.
• perfumes and fragrances normally employed in cosmetic compositions such as the antiperspirant compositions of this invention may be employed herein if desired. If employed, the perfumes or fragrances are acid-stable and are typically present in the compositions at a concentration of 0.01% to about 2%, preferably from about 0.05% to 2%.
• Antimicrobial compounds e.g., antibacterial compounds
• Antibacterial compounds include, for example, Triclosan, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, and zinc phenolsulfonate.
• the compositions may contain about 0.01% to about 2% antibacterial agent, preferably about 0.05% to 1.5%.
• compositions may additionally contain coloring agents, botanicals, or other components used in such compositions, provided that such additives are acid-stable, and are soluble in and compatible with (or can be formulated as such) the other components in the compositions.
• coloring agents botanicals, or other components used in such compositions, provided that such additives are acid-stable, and are soluble in and compatible with (or can be formulated as such) the other components in the compositions.
• An important factor in the final stability, clarity, and organoleptics of the antiperspirant products of the invention is the compatibility and solubility of the various component ingredients of the novel compositions as described.
• the components of the final compositions are completely in solution, thereby creating the novel and versatile aqueous solution technology of the invention.
• aqueous-based antiperspirant compositions of the invention are effective and useful as common, aqueous-based solution formulations which may, in turn, be formulated into a variety of cosmetic dosage and/or delivery forms for application and administration of antiperspirant active materials.
• the aqueous-based antiperspirants may be manufactured/produced in the following forms, which are not intended to be limiting: creams; gels; solids (e.g., barrier pack; liquiding); sprays (e.g., pump sprays); aerosols (e.g., true clear aerosol); roll-ons (e.g., for quicker drying roll-ons); opacified roll-ons; foams and the like.
• the preferred modes of applying the antiperspirant compositions of the invention are as roll-ons, sprays, or aerosols.
• the final antiperspirant products comprising the compositions of the invention are preferably clear upon application and drying, i.e., transparent to the transmission of light, such that minimal white residue or film is visible on the skin at the application site. If the antiperspirant solutions of the invention were to be formulated in a solid or gelled form, they would preferably allow sufficient light to pass through to enable an observer to see without difficulty an image, e.g., lettering, that is placed directly behind and in contact with the solid or gel form.
• the process of preparing the compositions is efficient, easy, and is most suitable for the present aqueous formulations of the invention. More particularly and with regard to the formulation of the component ingredients as exemplified herein, the process essentially involves heating the solubilizer, e.g., ceteareth-20, as in Examples 9 and 10, at approximately 50° C until melted.
• solubilizer e.g., ceteareth-20
• the other components of the composition are mixed at room temperature in the following order: first, antiperspirant metal salt, e.g., ACH; next, deionized water; next, blocked polyglycol detackifier and emollient, e.g., PPG-2-Buteth-3; next, solvent, e.g., dipropylene glycol; and then, blocked polyglycol emollient, e.g., PPG-9 (Witconol PPG-400). While these ingredients are mixing, the melted solubilizer (ceteareth) is added and mixing is continued at room temperature until the ceteareth is completely dissolved (i.e., for about 30 minutes).
• antiperspirant metal salt e.g., ACH
• deionized water e.g., deionized water
• blocked polyglycol detackifier and emollient e.g., PPG-2-Buteth-3
• solvent e.g., dipropylene glyco
• antiperspirant compositions of this invention when tested for effectiveness substantially as described in Federal Register, Vol. 47, Number 162, August 20, 1982, are as active as commercially available compositions and are optically-clear (i.e., transparent), quick-drying and non-tacky on the user.
• blind antiperspirant evaluations are completed by a total of eight panelists over the course of several testing sessions, depending upon the number of composition samples being tested.
• four testing sessions are used.
• the pairs tested are A/B; C/D; E/F; and G/H. All samples are presented in pairs, but not all of the panelists receive the same pair in a given session; some panelists test pair A/B, while others test C/D, E/F, or G/H.
• the order of presentation of the samples within each pair is randomized to minimize position bias (e.g., A/B, B/A).
• the sample antiperspirant products are applied according to the following protocol:
• the designated panel leader uses an automatic pipette to dispense 0.4 mL of product.
• 0.1 mL of product is dispensed.
• One sample is dispensed to the left arm and the second sample is dispensed to the right arm.
• Each panelist then applies the product using the index finger (protected by a finger cot) in four upward strokes which distributes the product over the evaluation area.
• organoleptics and aesthetic character of the product as defined by residual skinfeel and appearance are evaluated. Specifically, sample characteristics evaluated included, for example, gloss, stickiness or tackiness, (fold), stickiness or tackiness (tactile), particulate, oil, grease, wax, visible white residue, total residue (tactile), taut, rub-off whitening, opacity, and slipperiness.
• a sample product is routinely assessed for tackiness as the product is drying on the skin after application, for example, as a roll-on.
• the evaluator determines the sensation of tack or stickness of the product of the finger and the sensation of tack on the skin as the product is drying after application, for example within up to a minute, preferably within 5 to 30 seconds after application.
• the faster that the composition dries on the skin after application the less tackiness is discerned or perceived by the evaluator in the sensory testing.
• the antiperspirant formulation of the invention with which the commercial roll-on was compared in the sensory test as described in this Example is presented in Table 8: Ingredients Function % wt. Aluminum chlorohydrate, 50% (Summit) Antiperspirant 44.00 PPG-9 (Witconol PPG400) Emollient solvent 2.00 PPG-2-Buteth-3 Emollient solvent 10.00 Dipropylene glycol Co-solvent/solubilizer 5.00 Water, deionized (DI) Solvent 39.00 100.00
• the results of this comparative sensory testing analysis showed that the commercial roll-on product displayed significantly higher scores than did the test sample of the invention for all of the significant characteristics, with the exception of particulate at 5 minutes.
• the commercial roll-on was found to be more glossy, sticky, wet and greasy than the test sample of the invention.
• the commercial product was determined to leave the skin feeling more occluded and taut and had more visual and tactile residue, which was whiter and more opaque, than the minimal or neglible residue of the test sample. Further, the commercial roll-on product produced significantly more rub-off whitening when evaluated at the end of the evaluation period. Accordingly, the antiperspirant compositions of the invention provide more pleasing organoleptics, more advantageous cosmetic characteristics and more satisfying personal aesthetics than the commercially available roll-on.
• the composition was briefly and initially evaluated for its organoleptic properties in the laboratory directly after its preparation.
• Such a first quick assessment i.e., an initial organoleptic evaluation
• composition was clear, and the initial organoleptic evaluation determined that the final composition produced negligible tack.
• An antiperspirant composition of the invention was prepared by mixing the ingredients as presented in this Example. Ingredients % wt. Aluminum chlorohydrate, (Summit 303) 44.00 Dipropylene glycol 13.70 PPG-14 Butyl ether (UCON® Fluid AP) 9.13 PPG-9 (Witconol PPG-400) 6.85 Polyglyceryl-4 oleate (Witconol-14) 2.00 Ethyl alcohol 15.64 Sodium xylene sulfonate 8.68 100.0%
• composition was clear, and the initial organoleptic evaluation determined that the final composition produced negligible tack.
• composition of the invention was prepared from the components as described in this Example, employing the procedure used for the above-described Examples.
• Ingredients % wt. Aluminum chlorohydrate, 50% (Summit) 44.00 Dipropylene glycol 15.00 UCON® Fluid 5100 10.00 Methoxy PEG 550 (Carbowax Sentry Grade 550NF, Union Carbide) 15.00 Water, deionized (DI) 16.00 100.00
• composition was clear, and the initial organoleptic evaluation determined that the final composition was non-tacky and produced negligible residue on skin.
• composition of the invention was prepared by mixing the following ingredients as described. Ingredients % wt. Aluminum chlorohydrate, 50% (Reheis) 44.00 PPG-9-Buteth-12 10.00 PPG-9 (Witconol PPG400) 2.00 Dipropylene glycol 5.00 Water, deionized (DI) 39.00 100.00
• composition was clear, and the initial organoleptic evaluation determined that the final composition was negligibly tacky and produced negligible residue.
• composition of the invention was prepared from the component ingredients listed below as described herein. Ingredients % wt. Aluminum chlorohydrate, 50% (Reheis) 44.00 PPG-2 Methyl Ether (Dowanol DPM) 20.00 PPG-9 (Witconol PPG-400) 1.00 Methoxy PEG 550 20.00 Water, deionized (DI) 15.00 100.00
• a composition was prepared in accordance with the invention from the component ingredients as presented in this Example. Ingredients % wt. Aluminum chlorohydrate, 50% (Reheis) 44.00 PPG-2-Buteth-3 (UCON® 50-HB-55) 10.00 PPG-9 (Witconol PPG400) 2.00 Dipropylene glycol 5.00 Water, deionized (DI) 39.00 100.00
• Another antiperspirant composition was prepared in accordance with the invention from the component ingredients as presented in this Example. Ingredients % wt. Aluminum chlorohydrate, 50% (Reheis) 44.00 PPG-2-Buteth-3 (UCON® 50-HB-55) 10.00 Ceteareth-20 8.00 PPG-9 (Witconol PPG-400) 10.00 Water, deionized (DI) 28.00 100.00
• An antiperspirant composition was prepared in accordance with the invention from the component ingredients as presented in this Example. Ingredients % wt. Aluminum chlorohydrate, 50% (Reheis) 44.00 PPG-2-Buteth-3 (UCON® 50-HB-55) 13.11 PPG-9 (Witconol PPG-400) 5.11 Dipropylene glycol 8.11 Ceteareth-20 1.00 Water, deionized (DI) 27.97 Fragrance 0.70 100.00
• composition was clear, and the initial organoleptic evaluation determined that the final composition had negligible tack and successfully solubilized fragrance.
• a composition of the invention was prepared from the components listed below using the procedure described below. Ingredients % wt. Aluminum chlorohydrate, 50% (Reheis) 44.00 PPG-2 Methyl Ether (Dowanol DPM, Dow) 15.00 PPG-2-Buteth-3 10.00 Methoxy PEG-550 15.00 Brij 78, ICI (Polyoxyethylene 20 stearylether) 1.00 Water, deionized (DI) 15.00 100.00
• composition of this example was prepared as follows: deionized water and aluminum chlorohydrate, 50%, were mixed. Next, PPG-2 Methyl Ether, Methoxy PEG 550, and PPG-2-Buteth-3 were added in sequence. All of these components were mixed until a clear solution was obtained. Ingredient number 5, Brij 78, was heated to 50°C to melt. The melted Brij 78 was then added with mixing to the batch mixture of the other ingredients.

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• 1996
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