EP0814727A1 - Trans-cervical infusion pipette, and method - Google Patents
Trans-cervical infusion pipette, and methodInfo
- Publication number
- EP0814727A1 EP0814727A1 EP96945684A EP96945684A EP0814727A1 EP 0814727 A1 EP0814727 A1 EP 0814727A1 EP 96945684 A EP96945684 A EP 96945684A EP 96945684 A EP96945684 A EP 96945684A EP 0814727 A1 EP0814727 A1 EP 0814727A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pipette
- distal
- proximal
- tip
- lumen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
- A61D19/00—Instruments or methods for reproduction or fertilisation
- A61D19/02—Instruments or methods for reproduction or fertilisation for artificial insemination
- A61D19/027—Devices for injecting semen into animals, e.g. syringes, guns, probes
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the veterinary arts, and more specifically to devices for inseminating and infusing medicines into the uteri of large female farm animals such as cows and mares.
- the instrument commonly used for this purpose is a straight, tubular, plastic pipette from 18 to 22 inches (45 to 56 cm.), or so, in length connected to a proximal, fluid- expressing syringe. That is, the distal end of the standard infusion pipette is of the same diameter as the rest of the pipette along its length, and that end is simply squared off at a right angle to the pipette's long axis. In other words, this standard pipette's distal end is square when viewed in longitudinal cross section.
- distal and proximal used herein for orientation refer to the instrument of the invention, rather than, as is the convention in the veterinary arts, to the animal.
- Standard infusion procedure includes, first, extending a hand and arm into the animal's rectal canal and, by sense of touch with the fingertips of this "guide hand” through the combined thicknesses of the rectal and vaginal walls, guiding the narrow distal tip of the standard pipette up to the threshold of the cervical opening.
- an animal tender lacking infusing experience can easily drive a pipette tip directly into its vaginal or cervical flesh, embedding it therein, and then discharge the attached syringe's contents, without realizing the highly injurious mistake.
- Irritation or injury to an animal's vaginal, cervical and/or uterine areas can cause several reflexive reactions that make completion of the infusion procedure much more difficult, and perhaps even dangerous to an animal tender.
- One common reaction is constriction of the animal's strong rectal and vaginal muscles upon the animal tender's arms and hands, which can, at least, limit the tender's dexterity.
- Another is that cervical area pain tends to cause an animal to hunch its back, thus directing its vaginal and anal canals downward and causing the tender to resort to an awkward, uncomfortable stooped position while attempting to continue the infusion procedure.
- the trans-cervical mfusion pipette of the present invention is adapted to overcome the above-noted shortcomings and to fulfill the stated needs.
- This inventive pipette is comprised of an elongate tubular portion having proximal and distal ends; fluid delivering means engaged with the tubular portion's proximal end; and, an enlarged distal tip.
- This distal tip has a distal zone with an expanding diameter in a distal to proximal direction, and a proximal zone, either directly or indirectly contiguous with the distal zone, and having a decreasing diameter in a distal to proximal direction.
- a pipette so shaped is much easier to guide through the vaginal canal, and to align with the cervical opening, without causing any trauma. Further, it is easier to push through the cervix into the uterus without trauma to either; and, once pushed through, it can be manipulated in accordance with the method of the invention to n ⁇ iirnize leakage of the infusion back through the cervical canal.
- an object of the present invention to provide an infusion pipette better suited to preserving an animal's health than is possible with the currently-used square- tipped pipette. It is a further object of the present invention to provide an infusion pipette which is so much easier to use, that a less-experienced, lower-paid, animal tender can infuse an animal's uterus with medicine or semen as quickly and as safely as a more experienced, higher-paid animal tender.
- Yet another object of this invention is to provide a superior method for infusing and inseminating large farm animals.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the trans-cervical infusion pipette of the invention engaged with its syringe.
- FIG. 2 is a top, partially transparent view of a large animal's vaginal canal laid open, showing an animal tender's arm inserted in the anal canal (not shown) above the plane of the vaginal canal, wherein the animal tender's hand is grasping the underlying cervical cylinder from the anal canal, and guiding the infusion pipette of FIG. 1 through the cervix.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the distal tip of a pipette adapted for use in infusing the uterus of a cow.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the distal tip of the pipette shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the distal tip of a pipette adapted for use in iriserninating, or infusing the uterus of, a mare.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the distal tip of the pipette shown in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the inner cervical orifice showing the tip of the pipette of FIG. 1 in the uterus and pulled backward into a sealing, seated position against the rim of the inner cervical orifice.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a cow pipette of the invention engaged with apparatus for expressing sperm therefrom.
- FIG. 9 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the pipette of FIG. 4 for use with the sperm-expressing apparatus of FIG 8.
- FIG. 10 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the pipette of FIG. 6 for use with the sperm-expressing apparatus of FIG 8.
- FIGS. 1 through 4 show one embodiment of the inventive pipette, specifically, one that is especially adapted for use in the procedure of infusing a cow's uterus with medicated fluid, this cow-specific embodiment being generally identified herein with the reference numeral 10.
- Cow pipette
- proximal end 12 has a proximal end 12, a mid-section 14 and a distal tip 18.
- Proximal end 12 is engageable with a common fluid-expressing syringe 16 of the type normally used for infusing cows.
- Syringe 16 is preferably able to contain 60 cc.'s of fluid, or so.
- Cow pipette 10 is approximately 53 cm. long from proximal end 12 through distal end 16.
- Pipette 10 has an outside diameter of approximately 5.0 mm., an inside diameter of 3.0 mm., and a wall thickness of approximately 1.0 mm.
- Proximal end 12 may include an endmost coupling region 20 which has a slightly larger inside diameter of 4 mm., or so.
- Coupling region 20 functions in mating syringe 16 to pipette 10.
- Coupling region 20 extends about 5 mm. in from pipette 10's proximal terminus, and ends at an interior circumferential ridge where, from there on through distal tip 16, pipette 10's inside diameter is approximately 3 mm.
- Pipette 10 is preferably constructed of relatively rigid, transparent plastic.
- pipette 10 has considerable lateral, resilient flexibility; thus, it is easy to bend, but when released, it readily springs back to a straight configuration.
- PVC Polyvinyl chloride
- polycarbonate, polyethylene and such other plastics as are known in the art to have the desired properties, and to be suitable for medical-type applications, may work satisfactorily in carrying out the invention.
- Distal tip 18 has a larger diameter than the rest of pipette 10.
- the overall length of enlarged tip 18 is approximately 22 mm., that being the distance between its distal-most terminus 22 and the distal-most extent of the directly proximally-adjacent, 5 mm. diameter mid-section 14.
- distal tip 18 is important for the best function of the invention and, as set forth more fully below, they are the reason for many of the unexpected benefits described herein.
- the preferred shape and dimensions of tip 18 were arrived at empirically. Experimental trials were conducted with various hand-made prototype pipettes having different tip shapes and sizes, and the tip performing best, overall, was chosen as the preferred embodiment.
- a tip's shape is most conveniently expressed in terms of its diameter at points along its length.
- the measured diameter at each increment is as shown in Table I.
- cow pipette tip 18 has a first, distal-most zone 26 which is approximately hemispherical, having a radius of about 4 to 5 mm., or so.
- a medial second zone 28 which is roughly cylindrical and 9-10 mm. in diameter, extends for another 4 mm., or so.
- Tip 18's inside diameter at terminus 22 is 3 mm., just as through the rest of tip 18 and mid-section 14, right up to coupling region 20.
- tip 18 is solid throughout and integral with the rest of pipette 10, and no cavity or larger inside diameter portion is included merewithin.
- distal tip 18 resultsed from trials and qualitative observations, wid a focus on several goals. These include: making the tip large enough in diameter for easy tactile location and manipulation by the user, even through tissue layers of the thicknesses encountered when infusing a cow, yet making the tip narrow enough to minimize the constricting, hunching and thrashing reactions of the animal upon attempting to drive the pipette tip through the cervix 32 to the uterus 34; keeping the pipette tip blunt enough to prevent injury to the vaginal 36, cervical 32 and uterine 34 tissues, but not so blunt as to impede its passage though the cervical canal 38; and, assuring that the overall length of the pipette tip is such that, once it is driven fully into the uterus and pulled back to seat against the inside of the cervix, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 7, the tip's distal terminus 22 does not project so far as to cause the infused fluid to
- First zone 26's generally hemispherical configuration in the stated dimensions, was also chosen for its tendency to "self-locate" the pipette tip 18 at the outer cervical opening 42, thus avoiding the prior problem of the pipette tip being deflected into the circular fold of softer vaginal flesh surrounding the more muscular, protruding, quasi- cylindrical tip of the cervix.
- the distance terminus 22 projects into uterus 34 once tip 18 is seated against the inside of the cervix is also affected by the angle of taper of tip 18's surface in its proximal third zone 30. A steeper angle would cause distal end 22 to project too far. Yet, a shallower angle would not provide one of the more important functional benefits of the inventive pipette's tip 18, that being that it provides the user with a clear tactile signal when it is seated properly against the inside rim 44 of the cervix. Specifically, upon insertion, resistance is felt as the pipette's tip is driven in a distal direction through the cervix.
- the point at which relatively resistance-free motion ceases and a resilient tension against further proximal movement is felt is the point at which tip 18 is properly seated against the inside rim 44 of d e cervix for infusion.
- the angle of taper of tip 18's surface in third zone 30 also affects the quality of the seal against backflow of infused fluid in response to intra-uterine pressure. Too steep an angle would cause less of zone 30's surface area to be in contact with the muscular inner cervical rim 44. In contrast, a shallower angle might cause more of zone 30's surface to be in contact with the lining of the cervical canal, but if too shallow, the pressure therebetween might not be sufficient to effect an efficient seal.
- the approximate 9 degree slope of zone 30 with respect to axis 24, and zone 30's approximate 14 mm. length have been found to be the optimum for safe, quick and positive cow infusion.
- tip 18 because of its shape, may make this locating step unnecessary for some experienced users; but, the palpable assurance that tip 18 is poised at the outer cervical os ready for insertion may be one factor in permitting less-experienced animal tenders to perform infusion safely and effectively.
- Another important step in the inventive method is driving the enlarged pipette tip gently through the cervix until a distinct reduction of resistance is felt, that being the point at which the tip emerges fully into the uterine cavity. Yet another, following this, is pulling back on the pipette to a point at which relatively resistance-free motion ceases and a resilient tension against further proximal movement is felt.
- Mare pipette 48 has a shape and dimensions somewhat different from those of cow pipette 10. However, these differences are confined solely to pipette 48's distal tip 50, and are dictated by all of the considerations of structure and function articulated above with respect to a cow but, in this instance, as applied to the anatomy of a mare. Thus, the proximal end 12, mid-section 14 syringe portion 16, and coupling region 20 of pipette 48 are identical with those of pipette 10 for these explanatory and exemplary purposes.
- Distal tip 50 has a larger diameter than the rest of pipette 48.
- the overall length of enlarged tip 50 is approximately 38 mm., that being the distance between its distal-most terminus 52 and the distal-most extent of the directly proximal ly-adjacent, 5 mm. diameter mid-section 14.
- the measured diameter at each increment is as shown in Table I.
- mare pipette tip 50 has a first, distal-most zone 56 which is approximately 8 mm. long and frusto-conical, such that tip 50's diameter increases in a distal to proximal direction at approximately 33 degrees to axis 54. See angle "B.” Following this, a short, transitional second zone 58, which is roughly 14 mm. in diameter extends for another 2 mm., or so. Finally, a proximal third zone 50, some 28 mm. long and having a frusto-conical shape at roughly 9 degrees to axis 54 (see angle "C"), narrows toward an integral union with the 5 mm. diameter, cylindrical mid-section 14 of pipette 10.
- tip 50's inside diameter at terminus 52 is 3 mm., just as through the rest of tip 50 and mid-section 14, right up to coupling region 20.
- tip 50 is solid throughout and integral with the rest of pipette 10, and no cavity or larger inside diameter portion is included merewithin.
- cow pipette 10's tip 18 mare tip 50's abilities in eliminating problems in the insertion procedure are primarily a function of the diameter and slope of the tip's distal portion, while providing a good seal against leakage of the infused fluid from the uterus, once the tip is pulled back into a seated position against the inside of the cervix, is primarily a function of the diameter and slope of the tip's proximal portion.
- FIG. 8 shows such a cow pipette 62, along with insemination apparatus 64 including rigid metal sleeve 66 with flared proximal portion 67 and proximal hub-like handle 68; retaining ring 70; rigid plunger rod 72 with proximal disc-shaped handle 74; and, semen-containing straw 76.
- Pipette 62 includes a proximal end 78, an elongate mid-section 80 and an enlarged distal tip 82.
- Proximal end 78 and mid-section 80 of pipette 62 have a continuous lumen 84, wherein lumen 84 has an inside diameter dimensioned for sliding receipt of rigid sleeve 66.
- Proximal end 78 of pipette 62 expands slightly upon receipt of flared proximal portion 67 of rigid sleeve 66.
- Pipette 62 is locked frictionally to sleeve 66 by retaining ring 70 which fits snugly and securely on flared portion 67, binding proximal end 78 of pipette 62 thereto.
- Sleeve 66 projects through lumen 84 up to, or closely adjacent to, a constriction which may be in the form of a first step 86, beyond which lumen 86 has a first decreased- diameter portion 88.
- First step 86 is preferably adjacent to or within tip 82 of pipette 62, so that the stiffening function of sleeve 66 ties pipette 62's mid-section 80 and tip 82 together into a single rigid structure.
- First decreased-diameter portion 88 is preferably dimensioned for sliding receipt of semen-containing straw 76.
- first decreased-diameter portion 88 is preferably slightly tapered toward its distal extent, said tapered portion being generally identified herein with reference numeral 90.
- Tapered portion 90 is preferably dimensioned such that when the sealed distal end of semen-containing straw 76 is cut off and straw 76 is inserted, distal end first, into the proximal end of sleeve 66, straw 76 can be driven distally to a point where its distal end will lodge securely at or closely adjacent to the distal extent of tapered portion 90.
- a second step 92 at the distal extent of tapered portion 90 helps assure that straw 76 cannot be driven further in a distal direction.
- a second decreased- diameter portion 94 forms the distal end of lumen 84. The distal end of second decreased- diameter portion 94 is the opening in the rounded, distal-most surface of distal tip 82.
- Straw 76 is driven distally through sleeve 66 by inserting the distal end of rigid plunger rod 72 into sleeve 66 behind straw 76.
- Straw 76 includes an open proximal end fitted with fibrous plug 96.
- the diameter of rigid plunger rod 72 is such that its distal end fits into the proximal end of straw 76, behind fibrous plug 96.
- the length of rigid plunger rod 72 is such that when it is driven in a distal direction behind fibrous plug 96 by distally- directed pressure on the proximal face of disc-shaped handle 74, disc-shaped handle 74 seats against the proximal side of hub-like handle 68 as the distal end of rigid plunger rod 72 reaches the distal end of semen straw 76.
- Rigid plunger rod 76 should not be so long that it is able to push fibrous plug 96 beyond straw 76's distal end.
- the semen therein is expressed from the end of straw 76, through second decreased-diameter portion 94, and out of the central opening in pipette 62's distal tip 82.
- Such axial expression of the semen assures that it suffers the least damage from the shear forces generated in its movement out of straw 76 and into the uterus.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 show cow and mare pipettes 62 and 98, respectively, for use with standard insemination apparatus 64. However, FIGS. 9 and 10 show only pipettes 62 and 98 to better illustrate their structures.
- a pipette include a smoothly rounded rim 100 around the distal opening of lumen 84 at distal tip 82. That is, a smooth, seamless surface should be present between, and integral with, the inner surface of the pipette which defines lumen 84 and the outer, distal-most surface of the pipette's tip. Such rounded rims 100 are shown in the pipettes of FIGS. 9 and 10.
- proximal third zone 30's angle "A" could conceivably be adjusted between approximately 5 and 50 degrees, depending on the needs at hand.
- the angles "B” and “C” employed in the corresponding zones of mare pipette 48, as well as its overall dimensions, may be varied similarly to suit particular needs.
- the shapes and dimensions disclosed herein are considered optimum for general use on cows and mares, changes can be made, as necessary, without departing from the spirit of the invention.
- the overall shape and dimensions of the pipette tip used are not critical, as long as the distal tip has an enlarged diameter in comparison with the rest of the pipette's length.
- the enlarged tip be of a sufficiently small diameter to fit through the cervix without trauma or extreme discomfort, and to be of a sufficiently large diameter to lodge sealingly in the inner cervical orifice (perhaps with a bit of constricting pressure on the cervical cylinder with the guide hand), such that the tip's distal-most terminus protrudes a bit into the uterus.
- the pipette's distal tip be shaped as disclosed herein. As long the tip is larger than the proximal portions of the pipette, the method can be practiced more or less effectively.
- Diameters of distal tips of cow and horse infusion pipettes were measured in consecutive 2.0 mm. increments, beginning from their distal-most termini.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Reproductive Health (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US58147495A | 1995-12-18 | 1995-12-18 | |
US581474 | 1995-12-18 | ||
PCT/US1996/020884 WO1997022309A1 (en) | 1995-12-18 | 1996-12-18 | Trans-cervical infusion pipette, and method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0814727A1 true EP0814727A1 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
EP0814727B1 EP0814727B1 (en) | 2002-05-29 |
Family
ID=24325344
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96945684A Expired - Lifetime EP0814727B1 (en) | 1995-12-18 | 1996-12-18 | Trans-cervical infusion pipette |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0814727B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE218051T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1690197A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2213252C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69621433T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997022309A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100322995B1 (en) * | 1999-09-14 | 2002-03-13 | 공일근 | An apparatus for artificial inseminator |
US6527703B2 (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2003-03-04 | Minitube Of America, Inc. | Device for sow-intra-uterine insemination and embryo transfer |
GB0703639D0 (en) | 2007-02-24 | 2007-04-04 | Visser Phililp A | Infusing Tube |
WO2018101934A1 (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-07 | Innovative Medicine, Llc | Device and method for artificial insemination |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3021030A1 (en) * | 1980-06-03 | 1981-12-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Seisan Nipponsha, Tokyo | Cattle artificial insemination instrument - has pump discharging semen via hose to injector with pipe at free end |
FR2510393A1 (en) * | 1981-07-31 | 1983-02-04 | Bertrand Cassou | APPARATUS FOR TRANSFERRING ANIMAL REPRODUCTIVE ELEMENTS, SUCH AS EMBRYOS |
DE3347714A1 (en) * | 1983-12-31 | 1985-07-11 | Rehau Plastiks Ag + Co, 8673 Rehau | Insemination cover for artificial insemination of animals |
FR2668054B1 (en) * | 1990-10-19 | 1992-12-11 | Cooperative Bretonne Insem Art | PROBE NOZZLE FOR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION OF ANIMALS SUCH AS SOWS. |
PL307305A1 (en) * | 1993-06-04 | 1995-05-15 | Kwahak International Co Ltd | Apparatus for arificial fertilisation and transfer of embryos |
-
1996
- 1996-12-18 WO PCT/US1996/020884 patent/WO1997022309A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-12-18 CA CA002213252A patent/CA2213252C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-18 AT AT96945684T patent/ATE218051T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-18 AU AU16901/97A patent/AU1690197A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-12-18 DE DE69621433T patent/DE69621433T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-18 EP EP96945684A patent/EP0814727B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9722309A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU1690197A (en) | 1997-07-14 |
ATE218051T1 (en) | 2002-06-15 |
CA2213252C (en) | 2005-10-18 |
WO1997022309A1 (en) | 1997-06-26 |
EP0814727B1 (en) | 2002-05-29 |
DE69621433T2 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
CA2213252A1 (en) | 1997-06-26 |
DE69621433D1 (en) | 2002-07-04 |
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