EP0805223B1 - Heat treatment process for nickel base superalloy material - Google Patents
Heat treatment process for nickel base superalloy material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0805223B1 EP0805223B1 EP97810201A EP97810201A EP0805223B1 EP 0805223 B1 EP0805223 B1 EP 0805223B1 EP 97810201 A EP97810201 A EP 97810201A EP 97810201 A EP97810201 A EP 97810201A EP 0805223 B1 EP0805223 B1 EP 0805223B1
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- Prior art keywords
- heat treatment
- treatment process
- temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/057—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being less 10%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heat treatment process for material bodies Nickel-based superalloys according to the preamble of the first claim.
- Such heat treatment methods for material bodies made of nickel-based superalloys are known from US 4,643,782.
- nickel-based superalloys with the trade name "CMSX” are described, from which single-crystal components can be produced using the casting process, in particular blades for gas turbines.
- CMSX-4" essentially consists of (in% by weight): 9.3-10.0 Co, 6.4-6.8 Cr, 0.5-0.7 Mo, 6.2-6.6 W, 6.3 -6.7 Ta, 5.45-5.75 Al, 0.8-1.2 Ti, 0.07-0.12 Hf, 2.8-3.2 Re, balance nickel.
- CCSX-4 essentially consists of (in% by weight): 9.3-10.0 Co, 6.4-6.8 Cr, 0.5-0.7 Mo, 6.2-6.6 W, 6.3 -6.7 Ta, 5.45-5.75 Al, 0.8-1.2 Ti, 0.07-0.12 Hf, 2.8-3.2 Re, balance nickel.
- the invention has for its object in a heat treatment process for material bodies made of nickel-based superalloys of the aforementioned It is a way of creating a homogeneous, stable structure with a high creep and fatigue strength and has good aging properties.
- the heat treatment of the material body includes the following steps: annealing at 850 ° C to 1100 ° C, heating to 1200 ° C, heat from 1200 ° C to 1300 ° C with a heating rate lower equal to 1 ° C / min, a multi-stage homogenization and solution process a temperature of 1300 ° C ⁇ T ⁇ 1315 ° C.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows a particularly advantageous embodiment of the inventive Heat treatment process represented by the time t against the temperature T is plotted.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Wärmebehandlungsverfahren für Werkstoffkörper aus Nickel-Basis-Superlegierungen nach dem Oberbegriff des ersten Anspruches.The invention relates to a heat treatment process for material bodies Nickel-based superalloys according to the preamble of the first claim.
Derartige Wärmebehandlungsverfahren für Werkstoffkörper aus Nickel-Basis-Superlegierungen
sind bekannt aus US 4,643,782. Dort werden Nickel-Basis-Superlegierungen
mit dem Handelsnamen "CMSX" beschrieben, aus denen im
Gussverfahren Einkristall-Komponenten hergestellt werden können, insbesondere
Schaufeln für Gasturbinen. Eine solche Nickel-Basis-Superlegierungen mit der
Bezeichnung "CMSX-4" setzt sich im wesentlichen zusammen aus (in Gew.-%):
9.3-10.0 Co, 6.4-6.8 Cr, 0.5-0.7 Mo, 6.2-6.6 W, 6.3-6.7 Ta, 5.45-5.75 Al, 0.8-1.2
Ti, 0.07-0.12 Hf, 2.8-3.2 Re, Rest Nickel.
Diese Nickel-Basis-Superlegierungen werden gemäss der US 4,643,782 einer
Wärmebehandlung unterworfen um die γ'-Phase und das γ/γ'-Eutektikum zu lösen
und in einen Alterungsprozess reguläre γ'-Ausscheidungen zu erzeugen. Such heat treatment methods for material bodies made of nickel-based superalloys are known from US 4,643,782. There, nickel-based superalloys with the trade name "CMSX" are described, from which single-crystal components can be produced using the casting process, in particular blades for gas turbines. Such a nickel-based superalloy with the designation "CMSX-4" essentially consists of (in% by weight): 9.3-10.0 Co, 6.4-6.8 Cr, 0.5-0.7 Mo, 6.2-6.6 W, 6.3 -6.7 Ta, 5.45-5.75 Al, 0.8-1.2 Ti, 0.07-0.12 Hf, 2.8-3.2 Re, balance nickel.
According to US Pat. No. 4,643,782, these nickel-based superalloys are subjected to a heat treatment in order to dissolve the γ'-phase and the γ / γ'-eutectic and to produce regular γ'-precipitates in an aging process.
Durch zu hohe Spannungen beim Gussprozess zwischen Form und Gussteil kann es jedoch nach dem Lösungsglühen der Gussteile zu unkontrollierbaren Rekristallisationen kommen, was bei der Produktion zu hohen Ausschussraten führt. Weiter entsteht aufgrund der geringen Abkühlraten im Einkristall-Gussverfahren eine grobe y'-Struktur im Gussteil, verglichen mit herkömmlichen Gussteilen. Die dentritische Segregation im Einkristall-Gussverfahren ist zudem stärker, was zu einer tieferen Phasenstabilität führt. Deshalb wird eine gute Diffusions-Glühbehandlung benötigt, damit während der Benutzung, d.h der Alterung, des Einkristall-Gussteiles keine spröden Phasen ausgeschieden werden.Excessive stresses in the casting process between the mold and the casting can however, after solution casting of the cast parts to uncontrollable recrystallizations come, which leads to high reject rates in production. Furthermore, due to the low cooling rates in the single-crystal casting process a rough y 'structure in the casting compared to conventional castings. The Dentritic segregation in the single crystal casting process is also stronger, too leads to deeper phase stability. That is why a good diffusion annealing treatment needed so that during use, i.e. aging, the Single crystal casting no brittle phases can be excreted.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem Wärmebehandlungsverfahren für Werkstoffkörper aus Nickel-Basis-Superlegierungen der eingangs genannten Art eine homogene, stabile Struktur zu erzeugen die eine hohe Kriech-, Ermüdungsfestigkeit und gute Alterungseigenschaften aufweist.The invention has for its object in a heat treatment process for material bodies made of nickel-based superalloys of the aforementioned It is a way of creating a homogeneous, stable structure with a high creep and fatigue strength and has good aging properties.
Erfindungsgemäss wird dies durch die Merkmale des ersten Anspruches erreicht.According to the invention, this is achieved by the features of the first claim.
Kern der Erfindung ist es also, dass die Wärmebehandlung des Werkstoffkörpers folgende Schritte umfasst: Glühen bei 850°C bis 1100°C, erwärmen auf 1200°C, erwärmen von 1200°C auf 1300°C mit einer Aufheizrate kleiner gleich 1°C/min, einem mehrstufigen Homogenisierungs- und Lösungsprozess bei einer Temperatur 1300°C ≤ T ≤ 1315°C.The essence of the invention is therefore that the heat treatment of the material body includes the following steps: annealing at 850 ° C to 1100 ° C, heating to 1200 ° C, heat from 1200 ° C to 1300 ° C with a heating rate lower equal to 1 ° C / min, a multi-stage homogenization and solution process a temperature of 1300 ° C ≤ T ≤ 1315 ° C.
Die Vorteile der Erfindung sind unter anderem darin zu sehen, dass durch das Verfahren Versetzungsquellen geschlossen und damit die Erzeugung weiterer Versetzungen verhindert wird. Weiter wird eine Rekristallisation währen dem Aufheizprozess vermieden und die Annihilation des Versetzungs-Netzwerkes forciert. Durch den mehrstufigen Homogenisierungs- und Lösungsprozess entsteht eine sehr gute Homogenisierung der Werkstoffkörper. Das verbleibende Eutektikum von 1 bis 4 Vol.-% reicht aus um die Korngrenzen von Rekristallisationskörner zu pinnen.The advantages of the invention can be seen, inter alia, in that Process sources of dislocation closed and thus the generation of further Dislocations are prevented. Further recrystallization takes place during the heating process avoided and the annihilation of the transfer network forced. The multi-stage homogenization and solution process creates one very good homogenization of the material body. The remaining eutectic from 1 to 4 vol.% is sufficient around the grain boundaries of recrystallization grains pin.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims.
In den Zeichnungen sind Schliffbilder von wärmebehandelten Proben der Legierung
"CMSX-4" sowie ein Wärmebehandlungsverfahren dargestellt.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Legierungsstruktur nach dem Homogenisierungs- und Lösungsprozess entsprechend dem erfindungsgemässen Wärmebehandlungsverfahren;
- Fig. 2
- durch Partikel des Resteutektikums gepinnte Rekristallisations-Korngrenzen;
- Fig. 3
- nadelförmige Ausscheidungen einer spröden, Re-Cr-reichen Phase, die Probe wurde bei Temperaturen unterhalb 1300°C lösungsgeglüht;
- Fig. 4
- eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemässen Wärmebehandlungsverfahren für eine einkristalline Schaufel.
Show it:
- Fig. 1
- an alloy structure after the homogenization and dissolution process according to the heat treatment process according to the invention;
- Fig. 2
- recrystallization grain boundaries pinned by particles of the residual eutectic;
- Fig. 3
- needle-shaped precipitates of a brittle, Re-Cr-rich phase, the sample was solution-annealed at temperatures below 1300 ° C;
- Fig. 4
- is a schematic representation of a heat treatment method according to the invention for a single-crystalline blade.
Aus der obengenannten Legierung "CMSX-4" wurden einkristalline Gussteile, insbesondere
Schaufeln, für Gasturbinen hergestellt. Die Gussteile wurden dem folgenden
Wärmebehandlungsverfahren unterworfen:
Das Spannungsarmglühen alleine reicht jedoch nicht aus, um eine Rekristallisation zu vermeiden, wenn die lokale Verformung im Material 3% überschreitet (Tabelle 1).
Wird nur eine geringe Aufheizrate angewendet, d.h. wird das Spannungsarmglühen nach a) und der nachfolgende Wärmebehandlungsschritt d) weggelassen, tritt jedoch Rekristallisation auf, wenn die lokale Verformung im Material 3.5% überschreitet (Tabelle 1).
Dieser Homogenisierungs- und Lösungsprozess erfolgt vorzugsweise mit zwei Schritten: Glühen bei etwa 1300°C während etwa 2 Stunden und anschliessend bei etwa 1310°C während 6 bis 12 Stunden. Das Wachstum von neuen Körnern während dem Lösungsglühen kann durch Partikel des verbleibende Eutektikums, durch die Temperatur und die Lösungszeit behindert werden. In der Fig. 2 ist eine durch das Resteutektikum gepinnte Korngrenze eines Rekristallisationskornes abgebildet. In der Tabelle 2 ist das erfindungsgemässe Wärmebehandlungsverfahren dem Verfahren nach US 4,643,782 gegenübergestellt. In den nach der US 4,643,782 hergestellten Proben entsteht ein verbleibendes Eutektikum von 7 bis 8% und Rekristallisationskörnern von sehr kleinem Durchmesser (≈0.5mm). Durch das Lösungsglühen bei Temperaturen unterhalb 1300°C entsteht bei der Alterung oder der Benützung dieser Proben bei 1050°C jedoch eine spröde, Re-Cr-reiche Ausscheidung. In der Fig. 3 sind diese nadelförmigen, Re-Cr-reichen Ausscheidungen dargestellt. Diese spröde Ausscheidung hat schlechte Kriech- sowie Ermüdungseigenschaften zur Folge. Durch die Partikel des verbleibenden Eutektikums werden die Korngrenzen der Rekristallisationskörner gepinnt und so am Wachstum gehindert. Die üblicherweise an der Oberfläche der Probekörper entstehenden Rekristallisations-Kömer können während der Bearbeitung der Schaufeln abgetragen werden. Bei Schaufeln können die innerhalb der Schaufel, beispielsweise an den Kühlkanälen, auftretenden Rekristallisations-Körner vernachlässigt werden, da dort keine hohen Spannungen auftreten.Mit der erfindungsgemässen Wärmebehandlung zwischen 1300°C ≤ T ≤ 1315°C wird eine geringe Versetzungsdichte, erzeugt durch das Spannungsarmglühen sowie den Annihilations-Prozess, viel weniger verbleibendes Eutektikum von 1 bis 4 Vol.-% und eine viel bessere Homogenisierung erreicht. Aufgrund des vorgenannten kann durch viel weniger verbleibendes Eutektikum von 1 bis 4 Vol.-% der gleiche Pinning-Effekt der Korngrenzen der Rekristallisationskömer erzielt werden, bei einer viel bessseren Homogenisation des Restkörpers.Bei einem Lösungsglühprozess oberhalb 1315°C würde das gesamte γ'-Eutektikum gelöst, gefolgt von einer Rekristallisation der Komponenten, ohne einer Behinderung des Komwachstumes.
Stress relieving alone is not sufficient to avoid recrystallization if the local deformation in the material exceeds 3% (Table 1).
If only a low heating rate is used, ie the stress relief annealing according to a) and the subsequent heat treatment step d) are omitted, however, recrystallization occurs if the local deformation in the material exceeds 3.5% (Table 1).
This homogenization and dissolving process is preferably carried out in two steps: annealing at about 1300 ° C. for about 2 hours and then at about 1310 ° C. for 6 to 12 hours. The growth of new grains during solution annealing can be hindered by particles of the remaining eutectic, temperature and dissolution time. FIG. 2 shows a grain boundary of a recrystallization grain pinned by the residual eutectic. Table 2 compares the heat treatment method according to the invention with the method according to US 4,643,782. In the samples produced according to US 4,643,782, a remaining eutectic of 7 to 8% and recrystallization grains of very small diameter (≈0.5mm) are formed. Solution annealing at temperatures below 1300 ° C results in a brittle, Re-Cr-rich precipitate when these samples are aged or used at 1050 ° C. 3 shows these needle-shaped, Re-Cr-rich precipitates. This brittle excretion results in poor creep and fatigue properties. The grain boundaries of the recrystallization grains are pinned by the particles of the remaining eutectic and thus prevented from growing. The recrystallization grains usually formed on the surface of the test specimens can be removed during the machining of the blades. In the case of blades, the recrystallization grains that occur within the blade, for example on the cooling channels, can be neglected, since there are no high stresses there as well as the annihilation process, much less remaining eutectic of 1 to 4% by volume and a much better homogenization. Due to the aforementioned, the same pinning effect of the grain boundaries of the recrystallization grains can be achieved by much less remaining eutectic of 1 to 4% by volume, with a much better homogenization of the residual body. With a solution annealing process above 1315 ° C, the entire Eutectic dissolved, followed by recrystallization of the components without obstructing coma growth.
In der Fig. 4 ist schematisch eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Wärmebehandlungsverfahren dargestellt, indem die Zeit t gegen die Temperatur T aufgetragen ist. Die einkristalline Schaufel wird mit einer Aufheizgeschwindigkeit R1 = 10°C/min auf eine Temperatur T1 = 950°C aufgeheizt und bei T1 während 1 - 4 Stunden gehalten. Danach wird die einkristalline Schaufel mit einer Aufheizgeschwindigkeit R2 = 10°C/min auf eine Temperatur T2 = 1050°C aufgeheizt und bei T2 während 2 - 20 Stunden gehalten. Anschliessend wird die einkristalline Schaufel mit einer Aufheizgeschwindigkeit R3 = 10°C/min auf eine Temperatur T3 = 1200°C aufgeheizt. Die einkristalline Schaufel wird nun mit einer Aufheizgeschwindigkeit R4 = 0.5°C/min auf eine Temperatur T4 = 1300°C aufgeheizt und bei T4 während 2 Stunden gehalten. Danach wird die einkristalline Schaufel auf eine Temperatur T5 = 1310°C aufgeheizt und bei T5 während 6 - 12 Stunden gehalten und anschliessend mit einen Argonstrom abgeschreckt.4 schematically shows a particularly advantageous embodiment of the inventive Heat treatment process represented by the time t against the temperature T is plotted. The single-crystal blade is made with a Heating rate R1 = 10 ° C / min heated to a temperature T1 = 950 ° C and held at T1 for 1-4 hours. Then the single crystal Shovel with a heating rate R2 = 10 ° C / min to a temperature T2 = 1050 ° C heated and held at T2 for 2 - 20 hours. Subsequently the single-crystalline blade with a heating rate R3 = 10 ° C / min heated to a temperature T3 = 1200 ° C. The single crystalline shovel is now with a heating rate R4 = 0.5 ° C / min to a temperature T4 = Heated at 1300 ° C and held at T4 for 2 hours. Then the single crystal Blade heated to a temperature T5 = 1310 ° C and at T5 during Hold for 6 - 12 hours and then quenched with a stream of argon.
Selbstverständlich ist die Erfindung nicht auf das gezeigte und beschriebene
Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt. Das obenbeschriebenen Wärmebehandlungsverfahren
kann auch auf andere Nickel-Basis-Superlegierungen mit einer ähnlichen
Soliduslinie, Schmelztemperatur und γ'-Lösungs-Temperatur angewendet
werden.
Claims (7)
- Heat treatment process for material bodies made of nickel base superalloys, in particular for monocrystals made of nickel base superalloys, characterized in that the heat treatment of the material body comprises the following steps: annealing at 850°C to 1100°C, heating to 1200°C, heating from 1200°C to 1300°C at a heat-up rate of less than or equal to 1°C/min, and a multistage homogenization and dissolution process at a temperature of 1300°C ≤ T ≤ 1315°C.
- Heat treatment process according to Claim 1, characterized in that annealing is carried out at a temperature of 930°C ≤ T ≤ 970°C for 1 to 4 hours and at a temperature of 1030°C ≤ T ≤ 1070°C for 2 to 20 hours.
- Heat treatment process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that annealing is carried out at a temperature of about 950°C for 1 to 4 hours and at a temperature of about 1050°C for 2 to 20 hours.
- Heat treatment process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the body is heated from 1200°C to 1300°C at a heat-up rate of about 0.5°C/min.
- Heat treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that the homogenization and dissolution process comprises: annealing at about 1300°C for about 2 hours and then at about 1310°C for 6 to 12 hours.
- Heat treatment process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a material body is heat treated which is essentially composed of (in % by weight): 9.3-10.0 Co, 6.4-6.8 Cr, 0.5-0.7 Mo, 6.2-6.6 W, 6.3-6.7 Ta, 5.45-5.75 Al, 0.8-1.2 Ti, 0.07-0.12 Hf, 2.8-3.2 Re, remainder nickel.
- Heat treatment process according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a material body is heat treated which has an approximately identical solidus line, melting temperature and γ' dissolution temperature as a material body which is essentially composed of (in % by weight): 9.3-10.0 Co, 6.4-6.8 Cr, 0.5-0.7 Mo, 6.2-6.6 W, 6.3-6.7 Ta, 5.45-5.75 Al, 0.8-1.2 Ti, 0.07-0.12 Hf, 2.8-3.2 Re, remainder nickel.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19617093A DE19617093C2 (en) | 1996-04-29 | 1996-04-29 | Heat treatment process for material bodies made of nickel-based superalloys |
DE19617093 | 1996-04-29 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0805223A1 EP0805223A1 (en) | 1997-11-05 |
EP0805223B1 true EP0805223B1 (en) | 2001-07-11 |
Family
ID=7792776
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97810201A Expired - Lifetime EP0805223B1 (en) | 1996-04-29 | 1997-04-07 | Heat treatment process for nickel base superalloy material |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5882446A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0805223B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3950513B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2202331C (en) |
DE (2) | DE19617093C2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2161427T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000003053A1 (en) | 1998-07-09 | 2000-01-20 | Inco Alloys International, Inc. | Heat treatment for nickel-base alloys |
EP1258545B1 (en) * | 2001-05-14 | 2004-12-01 | ALSTOM Technology Ltd | Method for isothermal brazing of single crystal components |
EP1398393A1 (en) * | 2002-09-16 | 2004-03-17 | ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd | Property recovering method |
EP1900839B1 (en) | 2006-09-07 | 2013-11-06 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Method for the heat treatment of nickel-based superalloys |
FR2941962B1 (en) * | 2009-02-06 | 2013-05-31 | Aubert & Duval Sa | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLIANCE WORKPIECE, AND A PRODUCT OBTAINED THEREBY |
RU2485204C1 (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2013-06-20 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина" | Method for heat treatment of castings from carbon-free heat-resistant nickel alloys for monocrystalline casting |
US10563293B2 (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2020-02-18 | Ati Properties Llc | Methods for processing nickel-base alloys |
CN114134294A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-03-04 | 苏州翰微材料科技有限公司 | Stress relief annealing process for inhibiting recrystallization of nickel-based single crystal superalloy turbine blade |
CN115011768B (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2023-05-26 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | Toughening heat treatment process capable of eliminating medium-temperature brittleness of high-temperature alloy |
CN115354133B (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2023-10-17 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Method for preventing local recrystallization of monocrystalline superalloy blade |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1417474A (en) * | 1973-09-06 | 1975-12-10 | Int Nickel Ltd | Heat-treatment of nickel-chromium-cobalt base alloys |
US4459160A (en) * | 1980-03-13 | 1984-07-10 | Rolls-Royce Limited | Single crystal castings |
US4624716A (en) * | 1982-12-13 | 1986-11-25 | Armco Inc. | Method of treating a nickel base alloy |
US4583608A (en) * | 1983-06-06 | 1986-04-22 | United Technologies Corporation | Heat treatment of single crystals |
US4643782A (en) * | 1984-03-19 | 1987-02-17 | Cannon Muskegon Corporation | Single crystal alloy technology |
US4721540A (en) * | 1984-12-04 | 1988-01-26 | Cannon Muskegon Corporation | Low density single crystal super alloy |
US4712540A (en) * | 1985-05-16 | 1987-12-15 | Jobst Institute | Cervical collar |
US4717432A (en) * | 1986-04-09 | 1988-01-05 | United Technologies Corporation | Varied heating rate solution heat treatment for superalloy castings |
US5151249A (en) * | 1989-12-29 | 1992-09-29 | General Electric Company | Nickel-based single crystal superalloy and method of making |
US5240518A (en) * | 1990-09-05 | 1993-08-31 | General Electric Company | Single crystal, environmentally-resistant gas turbine shroud |
US5489346A (en) * | 1994-05-03 | 1996-02-06 | Sps Technologies, Inc. | Hot corrosion resistant single crystal nickel-based superalloys |
US5509980A (en) * | 1994-08-17 | 1996-04-23 | National University Of Singapore | Cyclic overageing heat treatment for ductility and weldability improvement of nickel-based superalloys |
-
1996
- 1996-04-29 DE DE19617093A patent/DE19617093C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-04-07 EP EP97810201A patent/EP0805223B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-07 DE DE59703990T patent/DE59703990D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-07 ES ES97810201T patent/ES2161427T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-10 US US08/843,642 patent/US5882446A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-10 CA CA002202331A patent/CA2202331C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-30 JP JP12471197A patent/JP3950513B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2202331A1 (en) | 1997-10-29 |
DE59703990D1 (en) | 2001-08-16 |
JP3950513B2 (en) | 2007-08-01 |
DE19617093C2 (en) | 2003-12-24 |
ES2161427T3 (en) | 2001-12-01 |
JPH1046303A (en) | 1998-02-17 |
US5882446A (en) | 1999-03-16 |
EP0805223A1 (en) | 1997-11-05 |
CA2202331C (en) | 2007-01-09 |
DE19617093A1 (en) | 1997-10-30 |
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