EP0803689B1 - Temperaturregelung eines Gerätes mit Bestimmung der Umgebungstemperatur - Google Patents

Temperaturregelung eines Gerätes mit Bestimmung der Umgebungstemperatur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0803689B1
EP0803689B1 EP96106664A EP96106664A EP0803689B1 EP 0803689 B1 EP0803689 B1 EP 0803689B1 EP 96106664 A EP96106664 A EP 96106664A EP 96106664 A EP96106664 A EP 96106664A EP 0803689 B1 EP0803689 B1 EP 0803689B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
producing element
cold producing
ambient temperature
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96106664A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0803689A1 (de
Inventor
Joseph R. Gromala
Vu T. Nguyen
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Robertshaw Controls Co
Original Assignee
Robertshaw Controls Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US08/357,930 priority Critical patent/US5524444A/en
Application filed by Robertshaw Controls Co filed Critical Robertshaw Controls Co
Priority to EP96106664A priority patent/EP0803689B1/de
Priority to DE69616025T priority patent/DE69616025T2/de
Publication of EP0803689A1 publication Critical patent/EP0803689A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0803689B1 publication Critical patent/EP0803689B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/1917—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using digital means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/29—High ambient temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/31—Low ambient temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
    • F25B2600/0251—Compressor control by controlling speed with on-off operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/12—Sensors measuring the inside temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/14—Sensors measuring the temperature outside the refrigerator or freezer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B40/00—Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to household appliances and to a method of controlling the temperature in an appliance like refrigerators, freezers and air conditioners.
  • the appliance In the usual operation of appliances, such as refrigerators, freezers and air conditioners, the appliance includes a sensor inside each compartment and if it is a multi-compartment unit, such as a refrigerator with a freezer, a sensor in each compartment to cause the initiation of the operation of a compressor based on preestablished consumer user settings (cooler or warmer) establishing preset temperatures associated with the setting established by the user.
  • a sensor inside each compartment and if it is a multi-compartment unit, such as a refrigerator with a freezer, a sensor in each compartment to cause the initiation of the operation of a compressor based on preestablished consumer user settings (cooler or warmer) establishing preset temperatures associated with the setting established by the user.
  • such preset temperatures are the same for each user setting, independent of ambient temperatures in which the appliance is operated.
  • some may include a single evaporator with different ways of transferring cold air to each compartment. Usually this involves some mechanical means, such as a sliding door or fan to let cold air move from one compartment to another compartment.
  • Still other types may include a single evaporator with sections balanced between the two compartments. Frequently this balanced type utilizes a single sensor for establishing the temperature regulation being satisfactory for both compartments only for a small range of external temperatures.
  • Such single sensor units result in only one compartment with very good regulation for all external temperatures, while the temperature in the other has poor regulation with variance in external temperatures outside a very narrow range.
  • 5,255,530 is drawn to a two-zone refrigerator temperature control, including an evaporator fan controlled by the temperature within a fresh food compartment while the speed of the compressor motor and condenser fan are controlled by a temperature sensor within the freezing compartment.
  • 4,495,780 teaches a hermetically closed control box, or cabinet, with a plurality of calling devices included therein.
  • One temperature sensor is included within the cabinet while another for detecting ambient temperatures is placed outside the control box.
  • Comparator circuitry receives signals from the two sensors submitting them to logic control circuits to control cooling equipment.
  • 5,187,941 is drawn to a refrigerator system that detects abnormally low temperature conditions in a particular portion of the fresh food compartment. If the sensed temperature fails to rise to a predetermined temperature within a particular range of time, an abnormal temperature condition is considered to exist requiring corrective action.
  • the two sensors included deal with temperature interaction between the two compartments of the refrigerator.
  • 5,224,355 pertains to a plural temperature adjustment apparatus for a refrigerator whereby cooling is automatically changed based on temperature changes within the refrigerator itself.
  • the system utilizes the input of data to a computer for refrigerator control.
  • 4,718,247 is drawn to a system that teaches the driving of a refrigerator at a higher speed when the internal temperature of the freezer compartment or fresh food compartment rise temporarily.
  • 4,916,912 pertains to defrosting of a heat pump wherein differences between exterior ambient temperatures and exterior heat exchanger temperatures are compared for determination of a difference function. Two sensors are utilized to determine operation of the system microprocessor.
  • the object of the present invention to provide an improved temperature control method for a two compartment appliance utilizing a temperature sensor.
  • the invention provides a method of controlling the temperature of an appliance as defined in claim 1 and an appliance as defined in claim 8.
  • a particular feature of the present invention is the utilization of information on the external ambient temperature to allow normal control of one compartment and indirect control of the second.
  • the cooling system is arranged to operate differently for each user setting based on varying outside ambient temperatures. This method allows for a substantial improvement in temperature control accuracy for the compartment which does not contain a sensor.
  • the solution is drawn to a refrigerator having two compartments requiring that the temperatures be controlled at two different temperatures.
  • one of the sections is for food stored above 0°C (a typical refrigerator section) and a second section for food stored below 0°C (the freezer section).
  • the doors to both sections are closed.
  • the refrigerator has a single evaporator with one portion in the refrigerator section and another portion in the freezer. The shape and volume of the evaporator is so designed that the temperature is balanced in both parts when it is properly cooling.
  • the single temperature sensor is utilized within the refrigerator section, to cause the associated compressor to turn on and off so that the desired temperature is achieved.
  • the arrangement is quite accurate in its control of the refrigerator section.
  • the freezer While placed in an environment of normal external temperatures, the freezer operates near its correct temperature due to the balanced size of the evaporator.
  • the freezer regulation becomes increasingly poorer.
  • the compressor is only on long enough in a cold external temperature, e.g. 2°C, to allow the refrigerator section to go to the correct temperature. This prevents the freezer from getting cold enough to provide optimal freezing temperatures. This condition results from the greater temperature difference between the freezer and the external temperature than the difference between the refrigerator section and the external temperature.
  • the present invention utilizes external temperature information to compensate for inaccurate freezer temperatures. Initially, testing is performed and data collected on both compartments of the refrigerator in varying external temperature conditions. In this arrangement, the time it takes for the compressor to turn on or turn off will vary and correlate to the outside temperature. In this arrangement, both the refrigerator and freezer will have rise and fall times which correlate to the external temperature. Optimum times for each compartment are not the same, which of course is the problem.
  • a device such as a microcontroller is added to the refrigerator to monitor the operation of the compressor based on readings of the sensor placed inside the refrigerator compartment.
  • the turn on and turn off times for the compressor, as referenced, are stored in the microcontroller.
  • the microcontroller then keeps track of the time it takes for the temperatures to change between the turn on and turn off temperatures. In this instance, reference times for the refrigerator turn on and turn off times are compared to the present time conditions in the refrigerator to calculate temperature outside the refrigerator. With this information on hand, the microcontroller is able to operate the compressor in an adjusted way to make sure the freezer temperature is closer to its optimal temperature.
  • the microcontroller While it would be possible for the consumer to change the desired temperature in the refrigerator or the freezer, the microcontroller would still be able to adjust the reference times based on the initial data or is able to make small shifts in reference values so that outside temperatures may still detected. In other words, if there are two desired temperatures, the microcontroller can recognize these settings and have two different groups of reference times. Since the external temperature affects the inside temperature differently based on the differential between the two set temperatures, reference times can be different for each settings.
  • the measurement period (of the compressor) times of each refrigerator cycle are measured. External temperature is known from the comparison to reference times which were recorded previously.
  • the microcontroller will force the compressor on and off according to the reference times in that external temperature of the freezer unit. Microcontroller 601 will then repeat these periods.
  • the microcontroller 601 as shown in FIG. 5 will force the compressor on and off according to reference times and the external temperature of the freezer. The microcontroller 601 then repeats these periods.
  • the forced adjust period based on freezer times is alternated with the measurement period which is based on refrigerator temperature.
  • a microcontroller 601 or some similar measuring device, measures the time it takes for the sensor temperature of sensor 108 to rise and fall. Since the information stored in the microcontroller consists of times of internal operation which correlate to various external temperatures of the refrigerator, the evaporator section, as may be seen in FIG. 1, is balanced between section 105 and refrigerator section 101 and evaporator section 106 and freezer compartment 102. This arrangement insures that the refrigerator normally will be operated at 6°C with the freezer being operated at-10°C in a room temperature of 25°C.
  • the refrigerator in initially place in a room having a temperature of 15°C.
  • the inside of the refrigerator is set to operate at the 6°C temperature and the desired freezer temperature at -10°C.
  • the microcontroller 601 will measure on (t2) three times as shown in FIG. 2 averaging them to twenty minutes as shown in the table portion of FIG. 3. From the stored reference times, the outside temperature is 15°C. Because the evaporator is balanced for 25°C external temperatures, the freezer will be warmer than -10°C so the microcontroller will start an adjust period (Tadjust 1, as shown in FIG. 3) for two cycles when it forces the compressor on for a period of 29 minutes.
  • the microcontroller 601 will then start another adjustment period (TM 2) and adjust accordingly (Tadjust 2) as shown in FIG. 3. Accordingly, the performance of the freezer is substantially improved due to the adjust period and knowledge of the external temperature.
  • the microcontroller When the room temperature with the same refrigerator is changed to 31°C, as shown in the table portion of FIG. 3, the microcontroller will measure 3 on times with an average time being 68 minutes (shown as Tm 1 in FIG. 3). From the stored reference times, the outside temperature is determined to be 31°C. Thus, the microcontroller will start an adjust period (again see Tadjust 1 column, FIG. 3) for two cycles when it will force the compressor on for a total of 77 minutes. This will make the freezer portion -10°C in the 31°C room. This time the microcontroller will start another measurement period (Tm 2) and adjust accordingly (Tadjust 2) as shown in FIG. 3.
  • Tm 2 the microcontroller will start another measurement period (Tm 2) and adjust accordingly (Tadjust 2) as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the microcontroller could also make the temperature compensation in the refrigerator compartment, energy efficiency improvements as well as temperature changes to other compartments which are also in the same room as the refrigerator. It is also possible in the alternative for the microcontroller to utilize the adjust period as the next measurement period.
  • the system is considered stabilized when the compartment temperature has reached its cut-out temperature at the current setting.
  • the cut-out temperature normally is the low temperature of a setting at which the compressor will turn off. Stability of the compartment temperature is necessary to insure accuracy of ambient temperature detection.
  • compressor on and off times are measured during each compressor cycle. Compressor on and off times will be calculated for a fixed length of time or a fixed number of compressor cycles to determine average time. Average compressor on and off time is then compared to a known average on and off time of a setting to decide if there is a change in the ambient temperature. If the average compressor off time is increasing, then the ambient is regarded as falling, while the average compressor on time is increasing it is then determined that the ambient temperature is regarded as rising. These known average on and off times of the settings are values based on experimentation and testing. Each ambient range will have a distinct average on and off time for every setting to compare. Change in the compressor on time will be more noticeable at higher ambient temperatures and change in compressor off times will be more noticeable at lower ambient temperatures. Utilizing compressor on and off times when making the comparison will maximize accuracy of the ambient detection.
  • the setting When the program detects a change within a certain ambient range, the setting will be modified to the adaptive settings.
  • the adaptive settings will have a different cut-in and cut-out temperature which will optimize the system performance for that ambient range.
  • the cut-in temperature is the high temperature setpoint of a setting at which the compressor will turn on.
  • the average compressor on and off times after a fixed number of cycles or hours are calculated, and after which calculation of the compressor on and off times difference takes place, decisions are made as to whether the off time is increasing or decreasing, should it not be increasing, another decision is made as to whether the on time difference is increasing.
  • the ambient temperature is falling by virtue of the calculation of the off and on time difference, it is referred to number of decisions within selected ambient ranges, known as ranges A, B, C and D, as well as no change, decisions are made, and then if the decision is made that it is within a particular range, or that it is not within the normal ambient temperature range, another decision is made as to whether the current temperature setting is within the modified ambient range as to one of A, B, C, D or normal ambient range. If the answer is "no", appropriate changes are made to bring the current temperature setting within the selected ambient range, or should it be "yes", the main program would be returned and repeated from point A as shown on the software flow chart.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Verfahren zum Steuern der Temperatur in einem Gerät mit
    zwei Fächern und einem Temperaturfühler, der zum Abfühlen der Temperatur in einem der Fächer vorgesehen ist,
    einem Kälteerzeugungselement, das intermittierend betrieben werden kann, und
    Mitteln zum Einstellen von Temperatureinstellungen des Geräts, wobei der Betrieb des Kälteerzeugungselements auf der Basis der Temperatureinstellungen gesteuert wird,
    wobei das Verfahren folgende Schritte umfaßt:
    Berechnen, entweder nach einer festgesetzten Anzahl von Arbeitszyklen oder nach einer festgesetzten Zeitspanne, der aktuellen durchschnittlichen Betriebs-Zeitzustände des Kälteerzeugungselements durch Überwachen der Ein- und Ausschaltzeiten desselben,
    Vergleichen der berechneten aktuellen durchschnittlichen Betriebs-Zeitzustände des Kälteerzeugungselements mit gespeicherten Bezugszeiten der Ein- und Ausschaltzeiten des Kälteerzeugungselements,
    Schätzen einer aktuellen Umgebungstemperatur auf der Basis dieses Vergleichs,
    Bestimmen, ob die aktuellen Temperatureinstellungen für die geschätzte aktuelle Umgebungstemperatur angemessen sind, und
    falls bestimmt wird, daß die Einstellungen nicht angemessen sind, Ändern der aktuellen Temperatureinstellungen für die geschätzte aktuelle Umgebungstemperatur.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Schritte des Vergleichens der berechneten aktuellen durchschnittlichen Betriebs-Zeitzustände des Kälteerzeugungselements mit gespeicherten Bezugszeiten und des Schätzens der aktuellen Umgebungstemperatur folgende Unterschritte umfassen:
    Bestimmen, ob die aktuellen Betriebs-Durchschnittszeiten zunehmen oder abnehmen,
    Bestimmen einer Angabe einer fallenden Umgebungstemperatur basierend auf dem Vorhandensein einer Zunahme in der Ausschaltzeit oder dem Vorhandensein einer Abnahme in der Einschaltzeit des Kälteerzeugungselements, und umgekehrt, Bestimmen einer Angabe einer steigenden Umgebungstemperatur basierend auf dem Vorhandensein einer Zunahme in der Einschaltzeit oder dem Vorhandensein einer Abnahme in der Ausschaltzeit des Kälteerzeugungselements,
    Schätzen der aktuellen Umgebungstemperatur auf der Basis der Ein- oder Ausschaltzeitdifferenz, und
    Vergleichen der geschätzten aktuellen Umgebungstemperatur mit mehreren vordefinierten Umgebungstemperaturbereichen, um einen aktuellen Umgebungstemperaturbereich zu bestimmen.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei, falls bei dem Schritt des Vergleichens der berechneten aktuellen durchschnittlichen Betriebs-Zeitzustände des Kälteerzeugungselements mit gespeicherten Bezugszeiten keine Differenz ermittelt wird, diesem Schritt ein Schritt des Zurückkehrens zu dem Schritt des Berechnens der aktuellen durchschnittlichen Betriebs-Zeitzustände des Kälteerzeugungselements durch Überwachen der Ein- und Ausschaltzeiten desselben nach einer festgesetzten Anzahl von Arbeitszyklen oder nach einer festgesetzten Zeitspanne folgt.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, wobei, falls die aktuellen Temperatureinstellungen in dem Schritt des Bestimmens, ob die aktuellen Temperatureinstellungen für die geschätzte aktuelle Umgebungstemperatur angemessen sind, als angemessen bestimmt werden, diesem Schritt ein Schritt des Zurückkehrens zu dem Schritt des Berechnens der aktuellen durchschnittlichen Betriebs-Zeitzustände des Kälteerzeugungselements durch Überwachen der Ein- und Ausschaltzeiten desselben nach einer festgesetzten Anzahl von Arbeitszyklen oder nach einer festgesetzten Zeitspanne folgt.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3 oder 4, wobei der Schritt des Schätzens der Umgebungstemperatur eingeleitet wird, nachdem sich die Temperatur im Fach nach dem Start oder nach externen Eingriffen, wie z.B. einem Öffnen der Tür oder einer Unterbrechung der Stromzufuhr, stabilisiert hat.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei das Kälteerzeugungselement einen Kompressor umfaßt.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei einzelne oder alle Schritte durch einen Mikro-Controller durchgeführt werden.
  8. Gerät mit
    zwei Fächern (101,102) und einem Temperaturfühler (108), der zum Abfühlen der Temperatur in einem der Fächer (101,102) vorgesehen ist,
    einem Kälteerzeugungselement (107), das intermittierend betrieben werden kann, und
    Mitteln zum Einstellen von Temperatureinstellungen des Geräts, und
    einem Mikro-Controller (601), der den Betrieb des Kälteerzeugungselements (107) auf der Basis der Temperatureinstellungen und gemäß dem Verfahren, wie es in den Ansprüchen 1 bis 7 definiert ist, zu steuern vermag.
  9. Gerät nach Anspruch 8, wobei das Kälteerzeugungselement einen Kompressor (107) umfaßt.
EP96106664A 1994-12-16 1996-04-26 Temperaturregelung eines Gerätes mit Bestimmung der Umgebungstemperatur Expired - Lifetime EP0803689B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/357,930 US5524444A (en) 1994-12-16 1994-12-16 Temperature control of an appliance using ambient air temperature determination
EP96106664A EP0803689B1 (de) 1994-12-16 1996-04-26 Temperaturregelung eines Gerätes mit Bestimmung der Umgebungstemperatur
DE69616025T DE69616025T2 (de) 1996-04-26 1996-04-26 Temperaturregelung eines Gerätes mit Bestimmung der Umgebungstemperatur

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/357,930 US5524444A (en) 1994-12-16 1994-12-16 Temperature control of an appliance using ambient air temperature determination
EP96106664A EP0803689B1 (de) 1994-12-16 1996-04-26 Temperaturregelung eines Gerätes mit Bestimmung der Umgebungstemperatur

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP0803689A1 EP0803689A1 (de) 1997-10-29
EP0803689B1 true EP0803689B1 (de) 2001-10-17

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CN105190413B (zh) 2013-03-15 2018-10-26 霍尼韦尔国际公司 静电放电连接器以及用于电子装置的方法
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CN111412506B (zh) * 2020-03-31 2022-04-15 佛山市顺德区美的洗涤电器制造有限公司 烹饪设备的开启检测方法及装置、吸油烟机和存储介质
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US5524444A (en) 1996-06-11
EP0803689A1 (de) 1997-10-29

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