EP0795802A1 - Structure d'une tête d'impression fabriquée par revêtement autocatalytique sur un substrat plastique - Google Patents

Structure d'une tête d'impression fabriquée par revêtement autocatalytique sur un substrat plastique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0795802A1
EP0795802A1 EP97200699A EP97200699A EP0795802A1 EP 0795802 A1 EP0795802 A1 EP 0795802A1 EP 97200699 A EP97200699 A EP 97200699A EP 97200699 A EP97200699 A EP 97200699A EP 0795802 A1 EP0795802 A1 EP 0795802A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
printhead structure
metal
plastic substrate
catalyst
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97200699A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Guido Desie
André Heyvaerts
Gerhard-Dieter Wolf
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Agfa Gevaert NV
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Agfa Gevaert NV
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Publication date
Application filed by Agfa Gevaert NV filed Critical Agfa Gevaert NV
Priority to EP97200699A priority Critical patent/EP0795802A1/fr
Publication of EP0795802A1 publication Critical patent/EP0795802A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/385—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective supply of electric current or selective application of magnetism to a printing or impression-transfer material
    • B41J2/41—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective supply of electric current or selective application of magnetism to a printing or impression-transfer material for electrostatic printing
    • B41J2/415—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective supply of electric current or selective application of magnetism to a printing or impression-transfer material for electrostatic printing by passing charged particles through a hole or a slit
    • B41J2/4155—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective supply of electric current or selective application of magnetism to a printing or impression-transfer material for electrostatic printing by passing charged particles through a hole or a slit for direct electrostatic printing [DEP]

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a printhead structure and an apparatus used in the process of electrostatic printing and more particularly in Direct Electrostatic Printing (DEP).
  • DEP Direct Electrostatic Printing
  • electrostatic printing is performed directly from a toner delivery means on a receiving member substrate by means of an electronically addressable printhead structure.
  • the toner or developing material is deposited directly in an imagewise way on a receiving substrate, the latter not bearing any imagewise latent electrostatic image.
  • the substrate can be an intermediate endless flexible belt (e.g. aluminium, polyimide etc.).
  • the imagewise deposited toner must be transferred onto another final substrate.
  • the toner is deposited directly on the final receiving substrate, thus offering a possibility to create directly the image on the final receiving substrate, e.g. plain paper, transparency, etc.
  • This deposition step is followed by a final fusing step.
  • the method makes the method different from classical electrography, in which a latent electrostatic image on a charge retentive surface is developed by a suitable material to make the latent image visible. Further on, either the powder image is fused directly to said charge retentive surface, which then results in a direct electrographic print, or the powder image is subsequently transferred to the final substrate and then fused to that medium. The latter process results in an indirect electrographic print.
  • the final substrate may be a transparent medium, opaque polymeric film, paper, etc.
  • DEP is also markedly different from electrophotography in which an additional step and additional member is introduced to create the latent electrostatic image. More specifically, a photoconductor is used and a charging/exposure cycle is necessary.
  • a DEP device is disclosed in e.g. US 3,689,935.
  • This document discloses an electrostatic line printer having a multi-layered particle modulator or printhead structure comprising :
  • Selected potentials are applied to each of the control electrodes while a fixed potential is applied to the shield electrode.
  • An overall applied propulsion field between a toner delivery means and a receiving member support projects charged toner particles through a row of apertures of the printhead structure.
  • the intensity of the particle stream is modulated according to the pattern of potentials applied to the control electrodes.
  • the modulated stream of charged particles impinges upon a receiving member substrate, interposed in the modulated particle stream.
  • the receiving member substrate is transported in a direction orthogonal to the printhead structure, to provide a line-by-line scan printing.
  • the shield electrode may face the toner delivery means and the control electrode may face the receiving member substrate.
  • a DC field is applied between the printhead structure and a single back electrode on the receiving member support. This propulsion field is responsible for the attraction of toner to the receiving member substrate that is placed between the printhead structure and the back electrode.
  • This kind of printing engine does not produce stable results with high precision for a long writing time, since the apertures in the printhead become too easily blocked by toner particles adhering to the insulating material or shield and control electrodes.
  • a spark discharge is used to remove toner particles adhered to the printhead, in order to set if free again.
  • the printing time is divided in a writing time (during which an image is written to the receiving material) and a cleaning time.
  • the voltage applied to the back electrode is enhanced so that a spark discharge occurs from printhead to back electrode.
  • Toner particles adhered to the printhead become dislodged and are gathered upon the back electrode.
  • a spark discharge between shield and control electrode providing the same effect, namely cleaning of clogged apertures in the printhead.
  • an AC voltage is used for the backing electrode during the cleaning cycle.
  • the AC voltage on the back electrode is phase shifted by 180° if compared with the AC that is used upon the charged toner conveyor which is needed to obtain a high toner mist production, leading to high optical densities and short printing times. Further on the AC voltage can also have a certain DC-offset.
  • WO 90/14959 the printhead is treated with pressurized air or vacuum so that the individual toner particles do not adhere to the printhead for such a large amount if compared with a printing engine not using the air treatment.
  • an additional improvement is described where by the magnetic toner particles are removed from the printhead by using a much stronger magnetic field during the cleaning cycle than during the writing cycle.
  • DEP Direct Electrostatic Printing
  • a printhead structure comprising a metallic layer on a plastic substrate and an array of printing apertures through said metallic layer and said substrate, characterised in that
  • DEP device that comprises :
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of a possible embodiment of a DEP device according to the present invention.
  • the metal for forming the electrodes is attached to said insulating material by means of an adhesive. It has been found that said adhesive layer is largely responsible for the clogging of the printing apertures.
  • the thickness of said metallic layers can be varied between a thickness lower than 1 ⁇ m to a thickness of several ⁇ m. If even thicker conducting layers are wanted, then said conductive layer obtained by electroless plating can be further enhanced in thickness by electrodeposition processes, i.e. the deposition of a metal under influence of electric fields. At the end a plastic material is obtained having a very thin interface zone between the plastic material and the conductive material without any adhesives, e.g., low-Tg-polymers that are conventionally used for adhesive purposes. Both in the electroless plating and in the electrodeposition of a metal on the catalyst layer, any metal can be used, it is however preferred to use copper or aluminium.
  • Said conductive layer is then treated as known to those skilled in the art by conventional (copper) etching techniques to obtain a (copper) pattern of control electrodes.
  • the printing apertures through both of said plastic material and conductive material can be made as known to those skilled in the art by methods such as mechanical drilling, laser burning and plasma etching. For printhead structures with a high printing addressability (high resolution) small printing apertures have to be made.
  • Said plastic material with a thin conductive layer and a very thin non-tacky interface zone with excellent adhesive power to both of said plastic material and conductive material, is extremely well adapted for making printhead structures with these wanted properties of high resolution.
  • the printing apertures in a printhead structure according to this invention are preferably made by a method as described in EP-A 719 648.
  • the catalyst used to apply the catalyst layer onto the plastic substrate can be of any type that allows good electroless plating and that gives good adhesion to the plastic substrate.
  • Examples of catalysts useful in the production of printhead structures according to this invention are described in several publications. In, e.g., EP-A 125 617 Ti, Zr, V and Cr are used as catalyzing metal, in, e.g., US 4,469,714 it is disclosed to use a catalyser solution comprising a UV-curable resin and a Pd catalyst, in, e.g. US 3,937,857 it is disclosed to use either Pd or Pt as catalyst, in e.g. EP-A 520 195 Pd, Pt, Ag and Au are disclosed as possible catalysts.
  • EP-A 256 395 it is disclosed to use metal organic compounds comprising metals selected from the subgroup 1b and group 8 of the periodic table of elements, i.e. a metal being a member of the group consisting of Cu, Ag, Au, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd and Pt.
  • the catalysts disclosed in EP-A 256 395 are preferred for use in the manufacture of a printhead structure according to the present invention.
  • the catalyst solution are mostly a dispersion of the catalyst in an organic solvent or solvent mixture and comprises binders as, e.g., polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polyisocyanates, etc.
  • Said catalyst solution can further comprise fillers as, e.g. silica, titania, etc, wetting agents, viscosity regulators, degassing promoters, etc.
  • Highly preferred catalysts for use in the manufacturing of a printhead structure according to the present invention are Pd-based catalysts sold by BAYER AG, Leverkusen, Germany under tradename BAYPRINT.
  • the layer of catalyst can be applied to the plastic substrate out of solution by any means know in the art, e.g. by screen printing, by coating, etc. Both methods, screen printing and coating, can be useful in the present invention, coating methods having the advantage that it is easier to apply the catalyst layer to plastic material in web form by coating than by screen printing.
  • this coating can proceed by the known coating techniques, e.g., dip coating, rod coating, blade coating, air knife coating, gravure coating, reverse roll coating, extrusion coating, slide coating and curtain coating.
  • An overview of these coating techniques can be found in the book "Modern Coating and Drying Technology", Edward Cohen and Edgar B. Gutoff Editors, VCH publishers, Inc, New York, NY, 1992.
  • the layer of catalyst can be applied on only one side of a plastic material or on both sides depending on the lay-out of the printhead structure to be manufactured, e.g. a printhead structure with only control electrodes necessitates the presence of a layer of catalyst on only one side of the plastic film, a printhead structure comprising both control electrodes and a shield electrode will necessitate the presence of a layer of catalyst on both sides of the plastic film.
  • the layer of catalyst can be applied to any insulating substrate, although plastic substrates are preferred. From the plastic substrates, the most preferred substrates are polyimide, polyesters (e.g. polyethyleleterephthalate, polyethylenenaphthalate) and syndiotactic polystyrene.
  • the present invention encompasses a method for manufacturing a printhead structure, useful for use in DEP devices, but printhead structures made by the manufacturing method according to the present invention, can also be used in ink-jet devices, ionography, etc.
  • a first manufacturing method comprises the steps of :
  • An alternative manufacturing method that is also encompassed in the present invention comprises the steps of :
  • the patterning of the catalyst layer can proceed in several ways.
  • a photopolymer can be applied on the layer of catalyst, the desired pattern can then be exposed on said photopolymer layer, then the photopolymer layer is exposed and the non-exposed area washed away, leaving a pattern of free catalyst layer, that can be converted to conducting metal control electrodes by electroless plating.
  • the catalyst layer can image-wise be ablated, e.g. by an excimer laser, and the remaining catalyst pattern can be converted to conducting metal control electrodes by electroless plating.
  • An other way to produce, in a method according to this invention, a pattern for forming control electrodes by electroless plating with a catalyst layer is to apply an inactive catalyst layer to the plastic substrate and image-wise activate the catalyst. The active part of the catalyst layer is then used to form conducting metal control electrodes by electroless plating.
  • a pattern for forming control electrodes by electroless plating with a catalyst layer can be produced by covering the (active) catalyst layer by a cover layer, that can be ablated image-wise.
  • the catalyst layer in manufacturing methods according to this invention, contains an metal organic compound wherein said metal is a member selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ag, Au, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd and Pt.
  • a non limitative example of a DEP device comprising a printhead structure according to the present invention comprises (fig 1):
  • a DEP method using one electrode (106a) on printhead 106 it is possible to implement a DEP method, using toner particles according to the present invention using devices with different constructions of the printhead (106). It is, e.g. possible to implement a DEP method with a device having a printhead comprising two or even more electrode structures.
  • the apertures in these printhead structures can have a constant diameter, or can have a broader entrance or exit diameter.
  • the back electrode (105) of this DEP device can also be made to cooperate with the printhead structure, said back electrode being constructed from different styli or wires that are galvanically isolated and connected to a voltage source as disclosed in e.g. US 4,568,955 and US 4,733,256.
  • the back electrode, cooperating with the printhead structure can also comprise one or more flexible PCB's (Printed Circuit Board).
  • a DEP device can be operated successfully when a single magnetic brush is used in contact with a Charged Toner Conveyor (CTC) to provide a layer of charged toner on said CTC.
  • CTC Charged Toner Conveyor
  • an additional AC-source can also be connected to the sleeve of the magnetic brush.
  • the magnetic brush 104 preferentially used in a DEP device according to the present invention is of the type with stationary core and rotating sleeve.
  • any type of known carrier particles and toner particles can successfully be used. It is however preferred to use "soft" magnetic carrier particles.
  • Soft magnetic carrier particles useful in a DEP device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention are soft ferrite carrier particles. Such soft ferrite particles exhibit only a small amount of remanent behaviour, characterised in coercivity values ranging from about 3.9 kA/m up to 20 kA/m (50 up to 250 Oe).
  • Further very useful soft magnetic carrier particles for use in a DEP device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, are composite carrier particles, comprising a resin binder and a mixture of two magnetites having a different particle size as described in EP-B 289 663.
  • the particle size of both magnetites will vary between 0.05 and 3 ⁇ m.
  • the carrier particles have preferably an average volume diameter (d v50 ) between 10 and 300 ⁇ m, preferably between 20 and 100 ⁇ m. More detailed descriptions of carrier particles, as mentioned above, can be found in EP-A 675 417, that is incorporated herein by reference.
  • toner particles with an absolute average charge corresponding to 1 fC ⁇
  • the absolute average charge of the toner particles is measured by an apparatus sold by Dr. R. Epping PES-Laboratorium D-8056 Neufahrn, Germany under the name "q-meter”.
  • the q-meter is used to measure the distribution of the toner particle charge (q in femtoCoulomb (fC)) with respect to a measured toner diameter (d in 10 ⁇ m). From the absolute average charge per 10 ⁇ m (
  • the charge distribution measured with the apparatus cited above, is narrow, i.e. shows a distribution wherein the coefficient of variability (v), i.e. the ratio of the standard deviation to the average value, is equal to or lower than 0.33.
  • the toner particles used in a device according to the present invention have an average volume diameter (d v50 ) between 1 and 20 ⁇ m, more preferably between 3 and 15 ⁇ m. More detailed descriptions of toner particles, as mentioned above, can be found in EP-A 675 417.
  • a DEP device making use of the above mentioned marking toner particles can be addressed in a way that enables it to give black and white. It can thus be operated in a "binary way", useful for black and white text and graphics and useful for classical bilevel halftoning to render continuous tone images.
  • a DEP device is especially suited for rendering an image with a plurality of grey levels.
  • Grey level printing can be controlled by either an amplitude modulation of the voltage V3 applied on the control electrode 106a or by a time modulation of V3. By changing the duty cycle of the time modulation at a specific frequency, it is possible to print accurately fine differences in grey levels. It is also possible to control the grey level printing by a combination of an amplitude modulation and a time modulation of the voltage V3, applied on the control electrode.
  • Printing examples were made by an apparatus using a developer, comprising toner and carrier particles, as described further on.
  • a printhead structure 106 was made from a polyimide film of 75 ⁇ m thickness, KAPTON 300 HN, commercially available from Dupont, Wilmington, USA.
  • a catalyst layer (BAYPRINT 3305, trade name, commercially available through BAYER AG, Leverkusen, Germany) was screen printed onto said polyimide layer. The amount of catalyst that was screen printed was adjusted so as to give a dry coating weight of 2 g catalyst per m 2 . After screen printing, the material was dried and treated at a temperature of 150°C for 60 minutes.
  • the polyimide film with catalyst layer was converted to a conducting film with 1 ⁇ m thick copper through an electroless plating bath (XD-6157-T, MacDermid, USA), followed by a conventional electrodeposition step enhancing the thickness of said copper coating from about 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the flexprint material obtained in this way was further treated, as known to those skilled in the art, by photoresist and copper etching techniques to obtain copper control electrodes around square shaped "printing apertures" of 35 ⁇ m width staggered in 4 rows to obtain an addressability of 600 dpi (dot per inch, or 236 dots/cm).
  • the holes through the polyimide material were made by excimer laser burning resulting in printing apertures with excellent aperture definition.
  • Each of said control electrodes was individually addressable from a high voltage power supply. So a printhead structure was made from a polyimide plastic material with a thin copper coating with good-adhesive power, combining a high printing resolution of 600 dpi with excellent aperture and control electrode definition.
  • the carrier particles are of the carrier particles.
  • a macroscopic "soft" ferrite carrier consisting of a MgZn-ferrite with average particle size 50 ⁇ m, a magnetisation at saturation of 3.6 ⁇ Tm 3 /kg (29 emu/g) was provided with a 1 ⁇ m thick acrylic coating. The material showed virtually no remanence.
  • the toner used for the experiment had the following composition : 97 parts of a co-polyester resin of fumaric acid and bispropoxylated bisphenol A, having an acid value of 18 and volume resistivity of 5.1 x 10 16 ohm.cm was melt-blended for 30 minutes at 110° C in a laboratory kneader with 3 parts of Cu-phthalocyanine pigment (Colour Index PB 15:3).
  • a resistivity decreasing substance - having the following formula : (CH 3 ) 3 N + C 16 H 33 Br - was added in a quantity of 0.5 % with respect to the binder, as described in WO 94/027192.
  • the solidified mass was pulverized and milled using an ALPINE Fliessbettarnastrahlmühle type 100AFG (tradename) and further classified using an ALPINE multiplex zig-zag classifier type 100MZR (tradename).
  • the average particle size was measured by Coulter Counter model Multisizer (tradename), was found to be 6.3 ⁇ m by number and 8.2 ⁇ m by volume.
  • the toner particles were mixed with 0.5 % of hydrophobic colloidal silica particles (BET-value 130 m 2 /g).
  • An electrostatographic developer was prepared by mixing said mixture of toner particles and colloidal silica in a 4 % ratio (w/w) with carrier particles.
  • the triboelectric charging of the toner-carrier mixture was performed by mixing said mixture in a standard tumbling set-up for 10 min.
  • the developer mixture was run in the magnetic brush for 5 minutes, after which the toner was sampled and the tribo-electric properties were measured, according to a method as described in the above mentioned EP-A 675 417.
  • the average charge, q, of the toner particles was -7.1 fC.
  • the toner delivery means (101) The toner delivery means (101)
  • the toner delivery means 101 comprised a cylindrical charged toner conveyer (103) with a sleeve made of aluminium with a TEFLON (trade name) coating an a surface roughness of 2.5 ⁇ m (Ra-value measured according to ANSI/ASME B46.1-1985) and a diameter of 20 mm.
  • the charged toner conveyer was rotated at a speed of 50 rpm.
  • the charged toner conveyer 103 was connected to an AC power supply with a square wave oscillating field of 600 V at a frequency of 3.0 kHz with 20 V DC-offset.
  • toner was propelled to this conveyer from a stationary core/rotating sleeve type magnetic brush (104) comprising two mixing rods and one metering roller. One rod was used to transport the developer through the unit, the other one to mix toner with developer.
  • the magnetic brush 104 was constituted of the so called magnetic roller, which in this case contained inside the roller assembly a stationary magnetic core, having three magnetic poles with an open position (no magnetic poles present) to enable used developer to fall off from the magnetic roller (open position was one quarter of the perimeter and located at the position opposite to said CTC (103).
  • a scraper blade was used to force developer to leave the magnetic roller.
  • a doctoring blade was used to meter a small amount of developer onto the surface of said magnetic brush.
  • the sleeve was rotating at 100 rpm, the internal elements rotating at such a speed as to conform to a good internal transport within the development unit.
  • the magnetic brush 104 was connected to a DC power supply of -200 V.
  • the distance between the upper surface of the charged toner conveyor 103 and the front side of said printhead structure 106 was set to 400 ⁇ m, the distance between the back electrode 105 and the back side of the printhead structure 106 was set to 150 ⁇ m and the paper travelled at 7 mm/sec.
  • the back electrode 105 was connected to a high voltage power supply of +600 V.
  • a DEP device adapted for colour printing was made using a printhead structure manufactured by the method of the present invention.
  • the printhead structure was made essentially in the same way as described above.
  • a catalyst layer was applied to a polyimide film followed by electroless deposition of copper as described above. Afterwards, the thickness of the metal layer was enhanced by electrodeposition to 5 ⁇ m copper thickness. Then the control electrode were patterned and the copper was etched.
  • the printing apertures were square shaped with a width of 100 ⁇ m and staggered in 2 rows so to obtain a printing resolution of 254 dpi (dot per inch, 100 dots per cm).
  • the through holes were drilled by an excimer laser using the copper electrodes as mask, and further cleaned by a short isotropic plasma etching treatment. 20992 printing apertures yielded a printing width of 210 mm.
  • a similar printhead structure was made for four different applicator modules.
  • toner applicator module As charged toner applicator module a commercially available non magnetic mono-component unit of an Apple Color Laserwriter 12/600 PS (i.e. yellow toner cartridge M3758 G/A, magenta toner cartridge M3760 G/A, cyan toner cartridge M3757 G/A, and black toner cartridge M3756 G/A) was used.
  • the doctor blade and toner roller were connected to a high power supply delivering a 3.0 kHz square wave oscillating AC voltage of 300 Vrms and -200 V DC-component.
  • the distance between the surface of toner roller and the surface of the printhead structure bearing on that side the different control electrodes was set to 300 ⁇ m.
  • the printhead structure was stretched over 4 roller bars in a frame as described in EP-A 712 056 and located in the printing engine in a rigid way so that correct alignment between the four different printhead structures was possible.
  • the image receiving paper was conducted at a printing speed of 20 mm/s over a back electrode at 500 ⁇ m distance from the back side of the printhead structure, said back electrode being connected to a high voltage power supply of 1500 V.

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  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
EP97200699A 1996-03-15 1997-03-08 Structure d'une tête d'impression fabriquée par revêtement autocatalytique sur un substrat plastique Withdrawn EP0795802A1 (fr)

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EP97200699A EP0795802A1 (fr) 1996-03-15 1997-03-08 Structure d'une tête d'impression fabriquée par revêtement autocatalytique sur un substrat plastique

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EP96200723 1996-03-15
EP96200723 1996-03-15
EP97200699A EP0795802A1 (fr) 1996-03-15 1997-03-08 Structure d'une tête d'impression fabriquée par revêtement autocatalytique sur un substrat plastique

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0924089A1 (fr) 1997-12-18 1999-06-23 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Structure d'une tête d'impression utilisée dans un dispositif d'impression électrostatique directe comprenant des électrodes symétriques à la surface d'impression

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4374709A (en) * 1980-05-01 1983-02-22 Occidental Chemical Corporation Process for plating polymeric substrates
EP0256395A2 (fr) * 1986-08-12 1988-02-24 Bayer Ag Procédé pour améliorer l'adhérence des couches de métaux déposées par voie chimique sur des surfaces en matière plastique
EP0329406A1 (fr) * 1988-02-16 1989-08-23 Polyonics Corporation Produits laminés revêtus d'un métal fabriqués à partir d'un film de polyimide texturé
US5256246A (en) * 1990-03-05 1993-10-26 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method for manufacturing aperture electrode for controlling toner supply operation
US5305026A (en) * 1990-10-17 1994-04-19 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Image recording apparatus having toner particle control member
EP0712055A1 (fr) * 1994-11-09 1996-05-15 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif de formation d'images
EP0712056A1 (fr) * 1994-11-08 1996-05-15 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Dispositif d'impression électrostatique direct avec tête d'impression spéciale
EP0719648A1 (fr) * 1994-12-27 1996-07-03 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Appareil d'impression électrostatique directe comprenant une structure de tête d'impression avec un flux de courant inférieur ou égal à 50 microA entre les électrodes de commande et d'écran

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4374709A (en) * 1980-05-01 1983-02-22 Occidental Chemical Corporation Process for plating polymeric substrates
EP0256395A2 (fr) * 1986-08-12 1988-02-24 Bayer Ag Procédé pour améliorer l'adhérence des couches de métaux déposées par voie chimique sur des surfaces en matière plastique
EP0329406A1 (fr) * 1988-02-16 1989-08-23 Polyonics Corporation Produits laminés revêtus d'un métal fabriqués à partir d'un film de polyimide texturé
US5256246A (en) * 1990-03-05 1993-10-26 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method for manufacturing aperture electrode for controlling toner supply operation
US5305026A (en) * 1990-10-17 1994-04-19 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Image recording apparatus having toner particle control member
EP0712056A1 (fr) * 1994-11-08 1996-05-15 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Dispositif d'impression électrostatique direct avec tête d'impression spéciale
EP0712055A1 (fr) * 1994-11-09 1996-05-15 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif de formation d'images
EP0719648A1 (fr) * 1994-12-27 1996-07-03 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Appareil d'impression électrostatique directe comprenant une structure de tête d'impression avec un flux de courant inférieur ou égal à 50 microA entre les électrodes de commande et d'écran

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0924089A1 (fr) 1997-12-18 1999-06-23 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Structure d'une tête d'impression utilisée dans un dispositif d'impression électrostatique directe comprenant des électrodes symétriques à la surface d'impression

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