EP0781373A1 - Method of operating an internal-combustion engine - Google Patents
Method of operating an internal-combustion engineInfo
- Publication number
- EP0781373A1 EP0781373A1 EP95910406A EP95910406A EP0781373A1 EP 0781373 A1 EP0781373 A1 EP 0781373A1 EP 95910406 A EP95910406 A EP 95910406A EP 95910406 A EP95910406 A EP 95910406A EP 0781373 A1 EP0781373 A1 EP 0781373A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- fuel
- exhaust gas
- cage molecules
- combustion engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/12—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with non-fuel substances or with anti-knock agents, e.g. with anti-knock fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P23/00—Other ignition
- F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
- C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
- C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
- C10L1/1857—Aldehydes; Ketones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/20—Organic compounds containing halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/223—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/26—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
- C10L1/301—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) derived from metals
- C10L1/303—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) derived from metals boron compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
- C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
- C10L1/306—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond) organo Pb compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine, in which intake air is supplied to at least one combustion chamber, the intake air is mixed with fuel to form a fuel / air mixture, and the drive energy for operating the internal combustion engine Combustion of the fuel / air mixture is generated in the combustion chamber with a predeterminable clock frequency, the exhaust gas formed by the combustion is expelled.
- the aim is on the one hand to achieve low fuel consumption and on the other hand to ensure that the emission of pollutants is as low as possible in every operating state of the internal combustion engine. At the same time, the performance of the internal combustion engine should still be sufficient in every operating state.
- additives are known which are added to the fuel in order to improve the operation of an internal combustion engine.
- Anti-knock agents, anti-pre-additive additives or carburetor cleaning additives may be mentioned here as examples.
- the present invention is based on the technical problem or the task of specifying a method for operating an internal combustion engine of the type mentioned at the outset, which uses little fuel and has a low pollutant emission while maintaining the highest possible
- the process of the invention is therefore distinguished by the fact that the sucked air and / or the force 'substance- / air mixture and / or the exhaust open or gezzie ⁇ ne cage molecules, preferably fullerenes, fullerene derivatives, Ful ⁇ lerite, heterofullerenes, hetero fullerene derivatives, fullerene - Fragment and / or heterofullerene fragment derivatives are supplied.
- a preferred embodiment is characterized in that the supply of the cage molecules is controllable as a function of the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine, in particular temperature, speed, throttle valve position and / or the signals from a catalytic converter present in the exhaust gas stream, preferably with a lambda probe .
- the supply of the cage molecules is controllable as a function of the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine, in particular temperature, speed, throttle valve position and / or the signals from a catalytic converter present in the exhaust gas stream, preferably with a lambda probe .
- An essential idea of the present invention is to add additives which promote combustion and / or reduce emissions, depending on the operating state of the internal combustion engine.
- These additives can preferably cage molecules of the above. Be kind.
- engine control variables e.g. fuel quantity / ignition point
- target variables low consumption and minimal pollutant emission
- the method according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously for the concept of the lean-burn engine.
- a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the temperature of the supplied cage molecules and / or the supplied fuel / air mixture and / or the intake air can be controlled as a function of the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine.
- the temperature of the cage molecules supplied can preferably be increased in the cold start phase, which leads to more favorable properties and lower pollutant emissions.
- a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the cage molecules are fed directly to the at least one combustion chamber.
- Internal combustion engines usually have a plurality of combustion chambers, each of which is essentially formed by a cylinder and a piston which is displaceable in the cylinder. In this case, cylinder- lective.
- This has the advantage that each cylinder can be individually adjusted to the optimum 'operating state, in which is advantageous for optimum regulation or control, the use entspre ⁇ chender cylinder-selective sensors.
- a further advantageous embodiment is characterized by this . from the fact that the cage molecules are fed to the at least one combustion chamber indirectly, ie, preferably via an upstream antechamber.
- the antechamber can for; intensive mixing or swirling of the cage molecules with the fuel / air mixture can be achieved, which has a combustion-promoting effect.
- the cage molecules can be added in solid or gaseous state or in a solvent in dissolved form.
- the cage molecules can be added in the form of an aerosol or in the form of a suspension.
- a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that known fuel additives are added to the cage molecules, the binding of which to the cage molecule is preferably provided by addition and / or doping and / or incorporation and / or admixture or by chemical means Way is done.
- known additives such as lead alkyls, aromatic amines or oxygen-containing compounds, in particular methanol, ethanol, ether, etc., can be formed as fuel additives.
- phosphorus or boron compounds can be used as additives.
- additives which form or split off O and / or OH radicals which has a particularly favorable effect on preventing the formation of soot particles in the exhaust gas.
- a particularly important embodiment variant of the method according to the invention in which a catalyst device present in the exhaust gas stream of the internal combustion engine is used, is characterized in that the exhaust gas is exposed to the surface of the catalyst device, the catalyst device being at least partially with cage molecules is provided, which are able to bind and / or split and / or oxidize the exhaust gas components carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and / or soot particles, preferably in the presence of a catalyst material.
- An embodiment of the method according to the invention which is particularly favorable with regard to an optimal combustion process is characterized in that an arc is generated intermittently outside the at least one combustion chamber and is deflected essentially transversely to its longitudinal direction through an opening into the combustion chamber, as a result of which A flame-like arc area is created in the combustion chamber.
- the formation of this flame-like arc region ensures optimal ignition conditions within the combustion chamber.
- the deflection of the arc can take place, for example, in that a pipe section is present on one side transversely to the course of the arc, or in addition the arc is in an arcuate shape Guide device is generated, wherein the opening is preferably arranged at the apex of the arc.
- the arc can also be deflected in certain areas by means of magnetic or electrical forces.
- a method is used in which the use of a conventional ignition device is dispensed with and to which at least one combustion chamber is fed, preferably injected, a chemical ignition agent, the addition amount / volume / time of which is preferred depending on the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine.
- the injection of the chemical ignition agent is particularly advantageously designed in such a way that a type of conical jacket is formed, so that ignition also takes place in the area of the peripheral annular gap of the usual combustion chamber with cylinder and piston, which has a particularly favorable effect in terms of pollutant emissions.
- Ignition takes place in this method according to the invention similarly to a method of a diesel internal combustion engine, the ignition means being preferably injected into the combustion chamber at the time of top dead center or shortly before.
- a high-pressure injection device can preferably be used, which has a small injection quantity and a structurally simple structure.
- Another feature of the present invention which is essential to the invention is characterized in that the use of an electrical ignition device is dispensed with and the combustion in the at least one combustion chamber is initiated intermittently by an intense laser pulse which is focused into the combustion chamber.
- the optical energy of the laser pulse is preferably between 0.1 watt seconds and one watt second, the duration of the laser pulse between 5 and 50 nanoseconds.
- the laser pulse is generated at the end of the intake stroke, preferably shortly before or at the top dead center of the piston movement.
- the particular advantage of this feature of the invention is that the focus can be placed at any desired location in the combustion chamber by means of the optical beam guidance, without metallic electrodes protruding into the combustion chamber, as in a conventional spark plug. Furthermore, it is easily possible to focus several beams in the combustion chamber so that the combustion in the cylinder is even and complete.
- the beam can be supplied via light guides, so that the laser apparatus need not be attached directly to the cylinder head.
- all laser devices are suitable for the optical ignition of the fuel-air mixture, which generate laser pulses in the above-mentioned energy range from approximately 0.1 watt seconds to one watt second and a time period of approximately 5 to 50 nanoseconds.
- a host material for example, yttrium-aluminum garnet - YAG -, or glass, or yttrium lithium fluoride - YLF -
- these laser preferably with a diode laser to 800 nanometer wavelength radiates, can be pumped optically.
- Such systems achieve efficiencies in the conversion of electrical energy into optical energy of more than 10%, so that, for example for a four-stroke internal combustion engine at 3600 revolutions per minute, the following energy balance results for the ignition system of a cylinder:
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of an arc device with arcs deflected in regions into a combustion chamber
- a fuel / air mixture is supplied to a schematically illustrated internal combustion engine 10 via intake lines 12, which is ignited within the internal combustion engines in each case in a combustion chamber (not shown in more detail), and ' thereby displaces a piston which is displaceable within a cylinder downwards, the Displacement of the piston is converted into a rotary movement via a crankshaft, not shown.
- the resulting exhaust gas is discharged from the combustion chamber via exhaust pipes 14.
- a fuel / air mixture is fed to the intake lines 12 via a schematically illustrated mixture preparation device (carburetor) 16.
- a catalytic converter device 18 is arranged in the collective exhaust gas line 14.1, which reduces the pollutants present in the exhaust gas.
- a measurement line 20.1, 20.2 is present upstream and downstream of the catalyst device 18, which conducts measurement signals with regard to the exhaust gas composition to a schematically illustrated control device 22.
- the control device 22 regulates the fuel preparation in the carburetor 16 via the line 24, by correspondingly controlling various manipulated variables.
- the supply of fuel or air to the carburetor 16 is not shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
- the preparation and supply of the fuel / air mixture can alternatively take place cylinder-specifically via the intake lines 28 ' .
- the intake lines 28 ' there are four cylinders, ie four combustion chambers.
- the control device 22 also outputs its values to a cage molecule addition device 30 via a line 32 which, according to FIG. 1, supplies cage molecules to the respective combustion chambers via the lines 32.
- the cage molecule addition device 30 is also shown schematically via a Line 34 shown signals supplied which characterize the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine 10. These parameters are evaluated and the addition time, the addition quantity and the addition volume of the cage molecules are determined as a function thereof. In the present case, this is done cylinder-specifically.
- the internal combustion engine 10 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 essentially differs in the line routing relating to the cage molecule addition device 30.
- the same components have the same reference numerals and will not be explained again.
- control device 22 emits a signal via the control line 32 to the cage molecule addition device 30, which delivers the cage molecules to the mixture preparation system 16 via a line 38 as a function of the operating characteristics of the fuel machine 10.
- Corresponding signals for the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine are likewise applied to the control device 22 via the measuring line 34.1.
- the internal combustion engine 10 shown in FIG. 3 is similar to that shown in FIG. 1.
- the cage molecules here do not become direct via the cage molecule supply device 30
- FIG. 4 schematically shows the upper area of a cylinder 50 of an internal combustion engine, in which a piston 52 is slidably mounted.
- the inner area between the cylinder wall and the top of the piston forms the combustion chamber
- an arc 64 arises. Due to the integrally formed tube section 58 in the central area of the tube area 60, turbulence or deflection forces arise which cause the arc 64 to be deflected in this area and down through the tube section 48 into the combustion chamber.
- this flame-shaped area 66 favors the combustion in the combustion space 54 as a result of the enlarged surface of the arc, which increases in terms of fuel consumption.
- FIG. 1 Another variant of the arc guidance is shown in FIG.
- the arc 70 generated between the electrodes 62 is guided in an arc from the start, the opening tube section 72 being present in the region of the apex of the arc 70 and ' the arc being moved in the desired direction to the combustion chamber by the magnetic field of its own current' .
- FIG. 6 shows schematically that the deflection of the arc 64 generated between the electrodes 6 ' 2 can also be generated by a magnetic force M.
- the method according to the invention ensures low fuel consumption and at the same time compliance with reduced pollutant values in the exhaust gas.
- the method according to the invention is not restricted to the addition of Kägig molecules. Rather, the method according to the invention can be used anywhere in which combustion-promoting and / or exhaust-gas-reducing additives are fed in depending on the operating state of the internal combustion engine.
- Adequate performance can also be maintained in any partial load range.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows an optical laser ignition system with an optical fiber and focusing optics for a cylinder of an internal combustion engine.
- the laser device 80 consists of an Nd.YAG laser 82 with an optical switch 84 for generating the giant pulses of 5 to 50 nanoseconds in duration, a diode laser 86 for optically pumping the Nd.YAG laser and a power supply and control unit 88 , which are connected to the diode laser 86 and to the optical switch 84 via the electrical lines 90, 92.
- the control unit is integrated in the conventional engine control in order to specify the ignition timing and possibly also the ignition energy, which is not shown here.
- the diode laser pumps the Nd.YAG laser in a continuous wave or pulsed with a pulse duration that can be a hundred to ten thousand times longer than the optical laser pulses.
- the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is ü_ -; a focusing device 96 and an optical fiber 94 are connected to the laser device.
- the focusing device 96 can be screwed into the cylinder housing 50 like a conventional spark plug. It also contains optics for adapting the focusing lens 98 to the light guide. In addition, an aperture 102 is required to prevent the optics from becoming dirty.
- the focusing lens focuses the laser beam 104 into the focal point 106, in which the ignition plasma is generated.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4405769A DE4405769A1 (en) | 1994-02-23 | 1994-02-23 | Method for operating an internal combustion engine |
DE4405769 | 1994-02-23 | ||
PCT/DE1995/000223 WO1995023283A1 (en) | 1994-02-23 | 1995-02-22 | Method of operating an internal-combustion engine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0781373A1 true EP0781373A1 (en) | 1997-07-02 |
Family
ID=6510962
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP95910406A Withdrawn EP0781373A1 (en) | 1994-02-23 | 1995-02-22 | Method of operating an internal-combustion engine |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0781373A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE4405769A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995023283A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT410575B (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2003-06-25 | Jenbacher Ag | DEVICE FOR IGNITING A FUEL AIR MIXTURE |
DE10148803A1 (en) * | 2001-10-02 | 2003-04-24 | Wissenschaftliche Werkstatt Fu | Process for reducing the fuel consumption and thus pollutant emissions and exhaust gases in vehicles, comprises using a measuring system to determine the concentration of important components and the pressure, temperature and mass stream |
DE102010000349B3 (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-11-24 | Stefan Goldammer | Spark plug for plasma ignition of fuel-containing mixtures in internal combustion engines and internal combustion turbines, comprises a central electrode, a ground electrode, and a coil which is connected to ground with its one end |
RU2545575C2 (en) * | 2012-10-01 | 2015-04-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Кемеровский государственный университет" | Coal dressing and combustion waste processing complex |
RU2535425C1 (en) * | 2013-08-12 | 2014-12-10 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Южно-Российский государственный технический университет (Новочеркасский политехнический институт)" | Intensification method of combustion process of low-reactivity coal in tpp boilers |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5234474A (en) * | 1991-06-19 | 1993-08-10 | Whewell Christopher J | Fuel compositions comprising fullerenes |
US5258048A (en) * | 1991-06-19 | 1993-11-02 | Whewell Christopher J | Fuel compositions comprising fullerenes |
US5234475A (en) * | 1991-08-14 | 1993-08-10 | Sri International | Hydrocarbon fuels having one or more fullerenes therein as indentification media |
-
1994
- 1994-02-23 DE DE4405769A patent/DE4405769A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-02-22 WO PCT/DE1995/000223 patent/WO1995023283A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-02-22 EP EP95910406A patent/EP0781373A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9523283A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4405769A1 (en) | 1995-09-28 |
WO1995023283A1 (en) | 1995-08-31 |
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