EP0780656A2 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0780656A2
EP0780656A2 EP96119514A EP96119514A EP0780656A2 EP 0780656 A2 EP0780656 A2 EP 0780656A2 EP 96119514 A EP96119514 A EP 96119514A EP 96119514 A EP96119514 A EP 96119514A EP 0780656 A2 EP0780656 A2 EP 0780656A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
tube
tubes
tube plate
protective
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP96119514A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0780656A3 (en
EP0780656B1 (en
Inventor
Miroslan Dr.-Ing. Podhorsky
Wilhelm Dipl.-Ing. Bruckmann (Fh)
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Balcke Duerr GmbH
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Balcke Duerr GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/002—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using inserts or attachments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
    • F28F21/083—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys from stainless steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0229—Double end plates; Single end plates with hollow spaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • F28F9/185—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding with additional preformed parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for waste heat use in the chemical industry, with heat exchanger tubes made of ferritic material and attached at their ends in bores of at least one tube plate and arranged in a heat exchanger housing through which a cooling medium flows.
  • the object of the invention is to protect the heat exchanger tubes of such heat exchangers, which are made of ferritic material, from embrittlement.
  • the solution to this problem by the invention is characterized in that at least in the high temperature range of the heat exchanger tubes, a protective tube made of material that is not sensitive to embrittlement, for example chromium-nickel steel, is arranged, which is fastened by hydraulic expansion in the area of the tube plate in the heat exchanger tube.
  • the diffusion of gas molecules is made possible by the protective tubes made of material that is insensitive to embrittlement, for example chromium-nickel steel, arranged within the heat exchanger tubes at least in the high temperature range of the heat-emitting medium in the ferritic material of the heat exchanger tubes prevented, so that they are effectively protected against embrittlement.
  • the protective tubes By hydraulically widening the protective tubes in the area of the tube plate, they are fastened in a particularly simple but effective manner in the respective heat exchanger tube.
  • the heat exchanger tubes can also be fastened in a manner known per se by hydraulic expansion in the tube plate.
  • the heat exchanger tubes are reliably fastened in the tube plate without a sealing weld seam connecting the end ends of the heat exchanger tubes to the tube plate being loaded with axial tube forces in accordance with a further feature of the invention.
  • the protective tubes are hydraulically expanded in the area of the hydraulic expansion of the heat exchanger tubes, and this expansion process of the heat exchanger tubes on the one hand and the protective tubes on the other hand can take place either simultaneously or in succession in time.
  • an additional insert tube provided on the outside with insulation, made of material which is insensitive to embrittlement, for example chromium-nickel steel, in the inlet area of the protective tubes.
  • the insulation of which preferably has an axial extent corresponding to at least the thickness of the tube plate and which is fixed outside of the tube plate by hydraulic expansion on the protective tube.
  • the tube plate is protected against thermal shock-like loads, the fixing of the insert tubes on the protective tube by hydraulic expansion taking place outside the tube plate ensuring that the insulation between the protective tube and the insert tube, which is sensitive to loads, is not overloaded.
  • the protective tubes and possibly the insert tubes protrude from the tube plate and the heat exchanger tubes on the inflow side out and are attached at their ends to an intermediate floor of an entry collector, preferably by welding. In this way, an additional securing of the tube plate against an excessive temperature load can be achieved.
  • the tube plate can be provided on the inflow side with a plating made of material which is insensitive to embrittlement, for example chromium-nickel steel, in order to avoid embrittlement of the tube plate when the tube plate is directly exposed to hot gas.
  • a plating made of material which is insensitive to embrittlement for example chromium-nickel steel
  • the heat exchanger shown only schematically in FIG. 1, for example used for waste heat in the chemical industry, comprises a gas line 1, from which the nitrogen-containing gas G h, for example 480 ° C., is fed to an inlet header 2. From this inlet header 2, the hot gas G h enters heat exchanger tubes 3, which are U-shaped in the exemplary embodiment and fastened pressure-tight with both ends in a tube plate 4. The heat exchanger tubes 3 are surrounded by a housing 5, which is provided with connections (not shown in the drawing) for the supply and discharge of a medium which absorbs heat from the hot gas G h .
  • the upstream ends 3a of the heat exchanger tubes 3 protrude from the tube plate 4. They are fastened in a pressure-tight manner in a wall of the inlet header 2 to be regarded as an intermediate floor 2a to the tube plate 4, so that the hot gas G h from the inlet header 2 into the Ends 3a of the heat exchanger tubes 3 enters.
  • the hot gas G h flows through the heat exchanger tubes 3 arranged in the housing 5, heat is extracted from the gas, so that in the selected exemplary embodiment it leaves the heat exchanger tubes 3 ending on the underside of the tube plate 4, for example at a temperature of 330 ° C.
  • This cooled gas G k is symbolized by an arrow in FIG. 1.
  • a protective tube 6 is arranged in each embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3 in the high temperature range of the heat exchanger tubes 3 in each heat exchanger tube 3 Material, such as chrome nickel steel.
  • This protective tube 6 is fastened in the area of the tube plate 4 by hydraulic expansion in the respective heat exchanger tube 3.
  • the heat exchanger tubes 3 are also fastened to the tube plate 4 by hydraulic expansion into corresponding annular recesses in the bores of the tube plate 4. The resulting annular depressions in the interior of the heat exchanger tubes 3 were used for the hydraulic expansion of the protective tubes 6.
  • the hydraulic expansion of the heat exchanger tubes 3, on the one hand, and the protective tubes 6, on the other hand, can take place sequentially or simultaneously.
  • the diffusion of gas molecules of the heat-emitting medium, in particular a nitrogen-containing gas into the ferritic material of the heat exchanger tubes 3, is prevented by the protective tubes 6, which are arranged in the high temperature range within the heat exchanger tubes 3, and are thus effectively protected against embrittlement.
  • the axial length of the protective tubes 6 essentially depends on the temperature profile in the axial direction of the heat exchanger tubes 3 and thus on the intensity of the cooling of the heat exchanger tubes 3. In the illustrated embodiment, the cooling is so intense that the protective tubes 6 protrude beyond the tube plate 4 on the downstream side with only a slight axial extension.
  • the protective tube 6 protrudes out of the tube plate 4 on the inflow side.
  • This inflow-side end 6a of the protective tubes 6 is fastened in a pressure-tight manner in accordance with FIG.
  • the protective tube 6 is attached to the intermediate base 2a by a weld seam 7.
  • the tube plate 4 is provided with a cladding 4a on the inflow side.
  • this is a material that can be welded with ferritic material, so that a sealing weld seam 8 can be placed between the cladding 4a and the end face of each heat exchanger tube 3. Due to the fixing of the heat exchanger tube 3 on the tube plate 4 by hydraulic expansion, this sealing weld seam 8, which serves in particular for better sealing, is relieved of axial tube forces.
  • an additional insert tube 10 which is also provided on the outside with insulation 9 and is likewise made of a material which is insensitive to embrittlement, is arranged in the inlet region of the protective tubes 6.
  • the insulation 9 arranged between the inner insert tube 10 and the outer protective tube 6 protects in particular during start-up and shutdown operations against thermal shock-like loads.
  • the insulation 9 preferably extends at least over an axial length corresponding to the thickness of the tube plate 4.
  • each insert tube 10 is fixed to the protective tube 6 by hydraulic expansion outside the tube plate 4, i.e. by widening in an area in which the insert tubes 10 and protective tubes 6 immediately, i.e. rest against each other without intermediate insulation 9.
  • the tube plate 4 is provided on the inflow side with a cladding 4a, between which and the heat exchanger tube 3 a sealing weld seam 8 is placed.
  • the insert tube 10 also protrudes from the tube plate 4, with In this embodiment, the flared insert tube 10 is fastened to the intermediate base 2a of the inlet header 2 by means of a weld seam 7.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The heat exchanger has heat exchange tubes (3) of ferritic material with their ends in borings in at least one tube plate (4). The tubes and plates are inside a heat exchanger casing. At least in the high temperature region of the heat exchange tubes, a protective tube (6) of material not liable to embrittlement is fitted. This tube is fixed in the region of the tube plates by hydraulic expansion. The heat exchange tubes may be fitted in the tube plates by the same hydraulic expansion method.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen insbesondere zur Abwärmenutzung in der chemischen Industrie bestimmten Wärmetauscher mit an ihren Enden in Bohrungen mindestens einer Rohrplatte druckdicht befestigten Wärmetauscherrohren aus ferritischem Werkstoff, die in einem von einem Kühlmedium durchflossenen Wärmetauschergehäuse angeordnet sind.The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for waste heat use in the chemical industry, with heat exchanger tubes made of ferritic material and attached at their ends in bores of at least one tube plate and arranged in a heat exchanger housing through which a cooling medium flows.

Bei derartigen Wärmetauschern besteht die Gefahr der Versprödung des ferritischen Rohrwerkstoffes, wenn das in den Rohren strömende gasförmige Medium, beispielsweise stickstoffhaltige Gase, Temperaturen oberhalb 350°C aufweist.With such heat exchangers there is a risk of embrittlement of the ferritic tube material if the gaseous medium flowing in the tubes, for example nitrogen-containing gases, has temperatures above 350 ° C.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die aus ferritischem Werkstoff bestehenden Wärmetauscherrohre derartiger Wärmetauscher vor Versprödung zu schützen.The object of the invention is to protect the heat exchanger tubes of such heat exchangers, which are made of ferritic material, from embrittlement.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabenstellung durch die Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest im hohen Temperaturbereich der Wärmetauscherrohre jeweils ein Schutzrohr aus versprödungsunempfindlichem Material, beispielsweise Chromnickelstahl angeordnet ist, das durch hydraulisches Aufweiten im Bereich der Rohrplatte im Wärmetauscherrohr befestigt ist.The solution to this problem by the invention is characterized in that at least in the high temperature range of the heat exchanger tubes, a protective tube made of material that is not sensitive to embrittlement, for example chromium-nickel steel, is arranged, which is fastened by hydraulic expansion in the area of the tube plate in the heat exchanger tube.

Durch die zumindest im hohen Temperaturbereich innerhalb der Wärmetauscherrohre angeordneten Schutzrohre aus versprödungsunempfindlichem Material, beispielsweise Chromnickelstahl wird die Diffusion von Gasmolekülen des wärmeabgebenden Mediums in den ferritischen Werkstoff der Wärmetauscherrohre verhindert, so daß diese wirksam vor Versprödung geschützt sind. Durch hydraulisches Aufweiten der Schutzrohre im Bereich der Rohrplatte werden diese auf besonders einfache, aber wirksame Weise im jeweiligen Wärmetauscherrohr befestigt.The diffusion of gas molecules is made possible by the protective tubes made of material that is insensitive to embrittlement, for example chromium-nickel steel, arranged within the heat exchanger tubes at least in the high temperature range of the heat-emitting medium in the ferritic material of the heat exchanger tubes prevented, so that they are effectively protected against embrittlement. By hydraulically widening the protective tubes in the area of the tube plate, they are fastened in a particularly simple but effective manner in the respective heat exchanger tube.

Auch die Wärmetauscherrohre können in an sich bekannter Weise durch hydraulisches Aufweiten in der Rohrplatte befestigt werden. Hierdurch erfolgt eine zuverlässige Befestigung der Wärmetauscherrohre in der Rohrplatte, ohne daß eine gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung die stirnseitigen Enden der Wärmetauscherrohre mit der Rohrplatte verbindende Dichtschweißnaht mit axialen Rohrkräften belastet wird.The heat exchanger tubes can also be fastened in a manner known per se by hydraulic expansion in the tube plate. As a result, the heat exchanger tubes are reliably fastened in the tube plate without a sealing weld seam connecting the end ends of the heat exchanger tubes to the tube plate being loaded with axial tube forces in accordance with a further feature of the invention.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden die Schutzrohre im Bereich der hydraulischen Aufweitung der Wärmetauscherrohre hydraulisch aufgeweitet, wobei dieser Aufweitvorgang der Wärmetauscherrohre einerseits und der Schutzrohre andererseits entweder gleichzeitig oder zeitlich aufeinanderfolgend erfolgen kann.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the protective tubes are hydraulically expanded in the area of the hydraulic expansion of the heat exchanger tubes, and this expansion process of the heat exchanger tubes on the one hand and the protective tubes on the other hand can take place either simultaneously or in succession in time.

Um die Rohrplatte des Wärmetauschers während der An- und Abfahrvorgänge des Wärmetauschers vor thermoschockartigen Belastungen zu schützen, wird in Weiterbildung der Erfindung vorgeschlagen, im Eintrittsbereich der Schutzrohre jeweils ein zusätzliches, auf seiner Außenseite mit einer Isolierung versehenes Einsatzrohr aus versprödungsunempfindlichem Material, beispielsweise Chromnickelstahl anzuordnen, dessen Isolierung vorzugsweise eine mindestens der Dicke der Rohrplatte entsprechende axiale Erstreckung hat und das außerhalb der Rohrplatte durch hydraulisches Aufweiten am Schutzrohr festgelegt ist. Mit diesem Vorschlag ergibt sich zusätzlich zum Schutz der Wärmetauscherrohre gegen Versprödung ein Schutz der Rohrplatte gegen thermoschockartige Belastungen, wobei die Festlegung der Einsatzrohre am Schutzrohr durch außerhalb der Rohrplatte erfolgendes hydraulisches Aufweiten sicherstellt, daß die gegen Belastungen empfindliche Isolierung zwischen Schutzrohr und Einsatzrohr nicht überbelastet wird.In order to protect the tube plate of the heat exchanger from thermal shock-like loads during the start-up and shutdown processes of the heat exchanger, it is proposed in a further development of the invention to arrange an additional insert tube, provided on the outside with insulation, made of material which is insensitive to embrittlement, for example chromium-nickel steel, in the inlet area of the protective tubes. the insulation of which preferably has an axial extent corresponding to at least the thickness of the tube plate and which is fixed outside of the tube plate by hydraulic expansion on the protective tube. With this proposal, in addition to protecting the heat exchanger tubes against embrittlement, the tube plate is protected against thermal shock-like loads, the fixing of the insert tubes on the protective tube by hydraulic expansion taking place outside the tube plate ensuring that the insulation between the protective tube and the insert tube, which is sensitive to loads, is not overloaded.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ragen die Schutzrohre und ggf. die Einsatzrohre einströmseitig aus der Rohrplatte und den Wärmetauscherrohren heraus und sind mit ihrem Ende an einem Zwischenboden eines Eintrittsammlers befestigt, vorzugsweise durch Schweißen. Auf diese Weise läßt sich eine zusätzliche Sicherung der Rohrplatte gegen eine zu hohe Temperaturbelastung erzielen.In a preferred embodiment, the protective tubes and possibly the insert tubes protrude from the tube plate and the heat exchanger tubes on the inflow side out and are attached at their ends to an intermediate floor of an entry collector, preferably by welding. In this way, an additional securing of the tube plate against an excessive temperature load can be achieved.

In an sich bekannter Weise kann die Rohrplatte einströmseitig mit einer Plattierung aus versprödungsunempfindlichem Material, beispielsweise Chromnickelstahl versehen sein, um bei einer direkten Beaufschlagung der Rohrplatte mit heißem Gas Versprödungen der Rohrplatte zu vermeiden.In a manner known per se, the tube plate can be provided on the inflow side with a plating made of material which is insensitive to embrittlement, for example chromium-nickel steel, in order to avoid embrittlement of the tube plate when the tube plate is directly exposed to hot gas.

Auf der Zeichnung sind zwei Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauschers dargestellt, und zwar zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung eines kompletten Wärmetauschers,
Fig. 2
ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel anhand eines Schnittes durch ein in der Rohrplatte druckdicht befestigtes Wärmetauscherrohr und
Fig. 3
eine der Fig. 2 entsprechende Schnittdarstellung eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels.
Two exemplary embodiments of the heat exchanger according to the invention are shown in the drawing, namely:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of a complete heat exchanger,
Fig. 2
a first embodiment based on a section through a pressure-tightly attached in the tube plate heat exchanger tube and
Fig. 3
one of FIG. 2 corresponding sectional view of a second embodiment.

Der in Fig. 1 nur schematisch dargestellte, beispielsweise zur Abwärmenutzung in der chemischen Industrie eingesetzte Wärmetauscher umfaßt eine Gasleitung 1, aus der das beispielsweise 480° C heiße, stickstoffhaltige Gas Gh einem Eintrittsammler 2 zugeführt wird. Aus diesem Eintrittsammler 2 gelangt das heiße Gas Gh in Wärmetauscherrohre 3, die beim Ausführungsbeispiel U-förmig ausgeführt und mit beiden Enden in einer Rohrplatte 4 druckdicht befestigt sind. Die Wärmetauscherrohre 3 sind hierbei von einem Gehäuse 5 umgeben, das mit auf der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Anschlüssen für die Zufuhr und Abfuhr eines aus dem heißen Gas Gh Wärme aufnehmenden Mediums versehen ist.The heat exchanger shown only schematically in FIG. 1, for example used for waste heat in the chemical industry, comprises a gas line 1, from which the nitrogen-containing gas G h, for example 480 ° C., is fed to an inlet header 2. From this inlet header 2, the hot gas G h enters heat exchanger tubes 3, which are U-shaped in the exemplary embodiment and fastened pressure-tight with both ends in a tube plate 4. The heat exchanger tubes 3 are surrounded by a housing 5, which is provided with connections (not shown in the drawing) for the supply and discharge of a medium which absorbs heat from the hot gas G h .

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel ragen die zuströmseitigen Enden 3a der Wärmetauscherrohre 3 aus der Rohrplatte 4 heraus. Sie sind in einer als Zwischenboden 2a zur Rohrplatte 4 anzusehenden Wand des Eintrittsammlers 2 druckdicht befestigt, so daß das heiße Gas Gh aus dem Eintrittsammler 2 in die Enden 3a der Wärmetauscherrohre 3 eintritt. Bei der Durchströmung des heißen Gases Gh durch die im Gehäuse 5 angeordneten Wärmetauscherrohre 3 wird dem Gas Wärme entzogen, so daß es beim gewählten Ausführungsbeispiel die auf der Unterseite der Rohrplatte 4 endenden Wärmetauscherrohre 3 beispielsweise mit einer Temperatur von 330° C verläßt. Dieses abgekühlte Gas Gk ist durch einen Pfeil in Fig. 1 symbolisiert.In the exemplary embodiment, the upstream ends 3a of the heat exchanger tubes 3 protrude from the tube plate 4. They are fastened in a pressure-tight manner in a wall of the inlet header 2 to be regarded as an intermediate floor 2a to the tube plate 4, so that the hot gas G h from the inlet header 2 into the Ends 3a of the heat exchanger tubes 3 enters. When the hot gas G h flows through the heat exchanger tubes 3 arranged in the housing 5, heat is extracted from the gas, so that in the selected exemplary embodiment it leaves the heat exchanger tubes 3 ending on the underside of the tube plate 4, for example at a temperature of 330 ° C. This cooled gas G k is symbolized by an arrow in FIG. 1.

Um eine insbesondere durch die hohen Temperaturen begünstigte Versprödung der aus ferritischem Werkstoff bestehenden Wärmetauscherrohre 3 zu verhindern, ist bei beiden Ausführungsbeispielen gemäß den Fig. 2 und 3 im hohen Temperaturbereich der Wärmetauscherrohre 3 in jedem Wärmetauscherrohr 3 jeweils ein Schutzrohr 6 angeordnet, das aus einem versprödungsunempfindlichen Material, beispielsweise Chromnickelstahl besteht. Dieses Schutzrohr 6 ist im Bereich der Rohrplatte 4 durch hydraulisches Aufweiten im jeweiligen Wärmetauscherrohr 3 befestigt. Bei den beiden Ausführungsbeispielen sind auch die Wärmetauscherrohre 3 durch hydraulisches Aufweiten in entsprechende ringförmige Ausnehmungen in den Bohrungen der Rohrplatte 4 an dieser befestigt. Die sich hierbei ergebenden ringförmigen Vertiefungen im Inneren der Wärmetauscherrohre 3 wurden für das hydraulische Aufweiten der Schutzrohre 6 benutzt. Das hydraulische Aufweiten einerseits der Wärmetauscherrohre 3 und andererseits der Schutzrohre 6 kann zeitlich aufeinanderfolgend oder gleichzeitig erfolgen.In order to prevent embrittlement of the heat exchanger tubes 3 made of ferritic material, which is particularly favored by the high temperatures, a protective tube 6 is arranged in each embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3 in the high temperature range of the heat exchanger tubes 3 in each heat exchanger tube 3 Material, such as chrome nickel steel. This protective tube 6 is fastened in the area of the tube plate 4 by hydraulic expansion in the respective heat exchanger tube 3. In the two exemplary embodiments, the heat exchanger tubes 3 are also fastened to the tube plate 4 by hydraulic expansion into corresponding annular recesses in the bores of the tube plate 4. The resulting annular depressions in the interior of the heat exchanger tubes 3 were used for the hydraulic expansion of the protective tubes 6. The hydraulic expansion of the heat exchanger tubes 3, on the one hand, and the protective tubes 6, on the other hand, can take place sequentially or simultaneously.

Durch die im hohen Temperaturbereich innerhalb der Wärmetauscherrohre 3 angeordneten Schutzrohre 6 aus versprödungsunempfindlichem Material wird die Diffusion von Gasmolekülen des wärmeabgebenden Mediums, insbesondere eines stickstoffhaltigen Gases in den ferritischen Werkstoff der Wärmetauscherrohre 3 verhindert, so daß diese wirksam vor Versprödung geschützt sind. Die axiale Länge der Schutzrohre 6 hängt hierbei im wesentlichen vom Temperaturverlauf in axialer Richtung der Wärmetauscherrohre 3 und damit von der Intensität der Kühlung der Wärmetauscherrohre 3 ab. Beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Kühlung derart intensiv, daß die Schutzrohre 6 mit einer nur geringfügigen axialen Erstreckung abströmseitig die Rohrplatte 4 überragen.The diffusion of gas molecules of the heat-emitting medium, in particular a nitrogen-containing gas into the ferritic material of the heat exchanger tubes 3, is prevented by the protective tubes 6, which are arranged in the high temperature range within the heat exchanger tubes 3, and are thus effectively protected against embrittlement. The axial length of the protective tubes 6 essentially depends on the temperature profile in the axial direction of the heat exchanger tubes 3 and thus on the intensity of the cooling of the heat exchanger tubes 3. In the illustrated embodiment, the cooling is so intense that the protective tubes 6 protrude beyond the tube plate 4 on the downstream side with only a slight axial extension.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 ragt das Schutzrohr 6 einströmseitig aus der Rohrplatte 4 heraus. Dieses zuströmseitige Ende 6a der Schutzrohre 6 ist gemäß Fig. 2 in einem Zwischenboden 2a druckdicht befestigt, der gemäß Fig. 1 Teil eines Eintrittsammlers 2 sein kann. Die Befestigung des Schutzrohres 6 am Zwischenboden 2a erfolgt beim Ausführungsbeispiel durch eine Schweißnaht 7.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the protective tube 6 protrudes out of the tube plate 4 on the inflow side. This inflow-side end 6a of the protective tubes 6 is fastened in a pressure-tight manner in accordance with FIG. In the exemplary embodiment, the protective tube 6 is attached to the intermediate base 2a by a weld seam 7.

Um auch die ungekühlte Oberfläche der Rohrplatte 4 vor einer unerwünschten Versprödung zu schützen, ist die Rohrplatte 4 einströmseitig mit einer Plattierung 4a versehen. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel handelt es sich hierbei um ein mit ferritischem Material verschweißbares Material, so daß zwischen Plattierung 4a und der Stirnseite jedes Wärmetauscherrohres 3 eine Dichtschweißnaht 8 gelegt werden kann. Aufgrund der Festlegung des Wärmetauscherrohres 3 an der Rohrplatte 4 durch hydraulisches Aufweiten ist diese insbesondere der besseren Abdichtung dienende Dichtschweißnaht 8 von axialen Rohrkräften entlastet.In order to protect the uncooled surface of the tube plate 4 from undesired embrittlement, the tube plate 4 is provided with a cladding 4a on the inflow side. In the exemplary embodiment, this is a material that can be welded with ferritic material, so that a sealing weld seam 8 can be placed between the cladding 4a and the end face of each heat exchanger tube 3. Due to the fixing of the heat exchanger tube 3 on the tube plate 4 by hydraulic expansion, this sealing weld seam 8, which serves in particular for better sealing, is relieved of axial tube forces.

Beim zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 3 ist im Eintrittsbereich der Schutzrohre 6 jeweils ein zusätzliches, auf seiner Außenseite mit einer Isolierung 9 versehenes Einsatzrohr 10 angeordnet, das ebenfalls aus einem versprödungsunempfindlichen Material besteht. Die zwischen dem innenliegenden Einsatzrohr 10 und dem außenliegenden Schutzrohr 6 angeordnete Isolierung 9 schützt insbesondere bei Anfahr- und Abfahrvorgängen gegen thermoschockartige Belastungen. Die Isolierung 9 erstreckt sich vorzugsweise mindestens über eine der Dicke der Rohrplatte 4 entsprechende axiale Länge. Um die empfindliche Isolierung 9 vor Beschädigungen oder Zerstörungen zu schützen, erfolgt die Festlegung jedes Einsatzrohres 10 am Schutzrohr 6 durch außerhalb der Rohrplatte 4 erfolgendes hydraulisches Aufweiten, d.h. durch ein Aufweiten in einem Bereich, in dem die Einsatzrohre 10 und Schutzrohre 6 unmittelbar, d.h. ohne zwischenliegende Isolierung 9 aneinanderliegen.In the second exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, an additional insert tube 10, which is also provided on the outside with insulation 9 and is likewise made of a material which is insensitive to embrittlement, is arranged in the inlet region of the protective tubes 6. The insulation 9 arranged between the inner insert tube 10 and the outer protective tube 6 protects in particular during start-up and shutdown operations against thermal shock-like loads. The insulation 9 preferably extends at least over an axial length corresponding to the thickness of the tube plate 4. In order to protect the sensitive insulation 9 from damage or destruction, each insert tube 10 is fixed to the protective tube 6 by hydraulic expansion outside the tube plate 4, i.e. by widening in an area in which the insert tubes 10 and protective tubes 6 immediately, i.e. rest against each other without intermediate insulation 9.

Auch beim zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 3 ist die Rohrplatte 4 einströmseitig mit einer Plattierung 4a versehen, zwischen der und dem Wärmetauscherrohr 3 jeweils eine Dichtschweißnaht 8 gelegt ist. Außer dem Schutzrohr 6 ragt auch das Einsatzrohr 10 aus der Rohrplatte 4 heraus, wobei bei dieser Ausführungsform das konisch aufgeweitete Einsatzrohr 10 mittels einer Schweißnaht 7 am Zwischenboden 2a des Eintrittsammlers 2 befestigt ist.In the second exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, the tube plate 4 is provided on the inflow side with a cladding 4a, between which and the heat exchanger tube 3 a sealing weld seam 8 is placed. In addition to the protective tube 6, the insert tube 10 also protrudes from the tube plate 4, with In this embodiment, the flared insert tube 10 is fastened to the intermediate base 2a of the inlet header 2 by means of a weld seam 7.

Bezugszeichenliste:Reference symbol list:

11
GasleitungGas pipe
22nd
EintrittsammlerEntry collector
2a2a
ZwischenbodenMezzanine
33rd
WärmetauscherrohrHeat exchanger tube
3a3a
zustömseitiges Endeupstream end
44th
RohrplatteTube plate
4a4a
PlattierungPlating
55
Gehäusecasing
66
SchutzrohrProtective tube
6a6a
zuströmseitiges Endeupstream end
77
SchweißnahtWeld
88th
DichtschweißnahtSealing weld seam
99
Isolierunginsulation
1010th
EinsatzrohrInsert tube
Ga G a
heißes Gashot gas
Gk G k
abgekühltes Gascooled gas

Claims (8)

Wärmetauscher, insbesondere zur Abwärmenutzung in der chemischen Industrie, mit an ihren Enden in Bohrungen mindestens einer Rohrplatte druckdicht befestigten Wärmetauscherrohren aus ferritischem Werkstoff, die in einem von einem Kühlmedium durchflossenen Wärmetauschergehäuse angeordnet sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß zumindest im hohen Temperaturbereich der Wärmetauscherrohre (3) jeweils ein Schutzrohr (6) aus versprödungsunempfindlichem Material, beispielsweise Chromnickelstahl angeordnet ist, das durch hydraulisches Aufweiten im Bereich der Rohrplatte (4) im Wärmetauscherrohr (3) befestigt ist.Heat exchangers, in particular for waste heat use in the chemical industry, with heat exchanger tubes made of ferritic material fastened at their ends in bores of at least one tube plate and arranged in a heat exchanger housing through which a cooling medium flows,
characterized by
that at least in the high temperature range of the heat exchanger tubes (3) there is a protective tube (6) made of material which is insensitive to embrittlement, for example chromium-nickel steel, which is attached by hydraulic expansion in the area of the tube plate (4) in the heat exchanger tube (3). Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wärmetauscherrohre (3) durch hydraulisches Aufweiten in der Rohrplatte (4) befestigt sind.Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger tubes (3) are fastened in the tube plate (4) by hydraulic expansion. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die stirnseitigen Enden der Wärmetauscherrohre (3) mit der Rohrplatte (4) durch eine Dichtschweißnaht (8) verbunden sind.Heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the front ends of the heat exchanger tubes (3) are connected to the tube plate (4) by a sealing weld seam (8). Wärmetauscher nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schutzrohre (6) im Bereich der hydraulischen Aufweitung der Wärmetauscherrohre (3) hydraulisch aufgeweitet sind.Heat exchanger according to at least one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the protective tubes (6) are hydraulically expanded in the region of the hydraulic expansion of the heat exchanger tubes (3). Wärmetauscher nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Eintrittsbereich der Schutzrohre (6) jeweils ein zusätzliches, auf seiner Außenseite mit einer Isolierung (9) versehenes Einsatzrohr (10) aus versprödungsunempfindlichem Material, beispielsweise Chromnickelstahl angeordnet ist, das außerhalb der Rohrplatte (4) durch hydraulisches Aufweiten am Schutzrohr (6) festgelegt ist.Heat exchanger according to at least one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an additional insert tube (10) made of material which is insensitive to embrittlement, for example chromium-nickel steel and which is provided on the outside with insulation (9), is arranged in the inlet area of the protective tubes (6) and is located outside the tube plate (4) is fixed by hydraulic expansion on the protective tube (6). Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Isolierung eine mindestens der Dicke der Rohrplatte (4) entsprechende axiale Erstreckung hat.Heat exchanger according to Claim 5, characterized in that the insulation has an axial extent which corresponds at least to the thickness of the tube plate (4). Wärmetauscher nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schutzrohre (6) und ggf. Einsatzrohre (10) einströmseitig aus der Rohrplatte (4) und den Wärmetauscherrohren (3) herausragen und mit diesem Ende an einem Zwischenboden (2a) eines Eintrittsammlers (2) befestigt sind.Heat exchanger according to at least one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the protective tubes (6) and possibly insert tubes (10) protrude on the inflow side from the tube plate (4) and the heat exchanger tubes (3) and with this end on an intermediate floor (2a) an entry collector (2) are attached. Wärmetauscher nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rohrplatte (4) einströmseitig mit einer Plattierung (4a) versehen ist.Heat exchanger according to at least one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the tube plate (4) is provided with a cladding (4a) on the inflow side.
EP96119514A 1995-12-23 1996-12-05 Heat exchanger Expired - Lifetime EP0780656B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19548688A DE19548688C2 (en) 1995-12-23 1995-12-23 Heat exchanger for cooling high temperature nitrogenous gas
DE19548688 1995-12-23

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0780656A2 true EP0780656A2 (en) 1997-06-25
EP0780656A3 EP0780656A3 (en) 1998-11-18
EP0780656B1 EP0780656B1 (en) 2002-05-29

Family

ID=7781383

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96119514A Expired - Lifetime EP0780656B1 (en) 1995-12-23 1996-12-05 Heat exchanger

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0780656B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH09178393A (en)
DE (2) DE19548688C2 (en)

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WO2007075634A3 (en) * 2005-12-21 2008-01-10 Exxonmobil Res & Eng Co Corrosion resistant material for reduced fouling, heat transfer component with improved corrosion and fouling resistance, and method for reducing fouling
US8201619B2 (en) 2005-12-21 2012-06-19 Exxonmobil Research & Engineering Company Corrosion resistant material for reduced fouling, a heat transfer component having reduced fouling and a method for reducing fouling in a refinery
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US11454461B2 (en) * 2017-01-31 2022-09-27 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Apparatus and method for protecting the tube-sheet of a syngas loop boiler

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CN105634836B (en) 2014-10-27 2020-03-17 香港理工大学 Information processing method and device
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WO2007075634A3 (en) * 2005-12-21 2008-01-10 Exxonmobil Res & Eng Co Corrosion resistant material for reduced fouling, heat transfer component with improved corrosion and fouling resistance, and method for reducing fouling
US8037928B2 (en) 2005-12-21 2011-10-18 Exxonmobil Research & Engineering Company Chromium-enriched oxide containing material and preoxidation method of making the same to mitigate corrosion and fouling associated with heat transfer components
US8201619B2 (en) 2005-12-21 2012-06-19 Exxonmobil Research & Engineering Company Corrosion resistant material for reduced fouling, a heat transfer component having reduced fouling and a method for reducing fouling in a refinery
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US8286695B2 (en) 2005-12-21 2012-10-16 Exxonmobil Research & Engineering Company Insert and method for reducing fouling in a process stream
US8465599B2 (en) 2005-12-21 2013-06-18 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Chromiun-enriched oxide containing material and preoxidation method of making the same to mitigate corrosion and fouling associated with heat transfer components
US8469081B2 (en) 2005-12-21 2013-06-25 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Corrosion resistant material for reduced fouling, a heat transfer component having reduced fouling and a method for reducing fouling in a refinery
US8470097B2 (en) 2005-12-21 2013-06-25 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Silicon-containing steel compostition with improved heat exchanger corrosion and fouling resistance
US8349267B2 (en) 2007-10-05 2013-01-08 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Crude oil pre-heat train with improved heat transfer
US11454461B2 (en) * 2017-01-31 2022-09-27 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Apparatus and method for protecting the tube-sheet of a syngas loop boiler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0780656A3 (en) 1998-11-18
DE59609262D1 (en) 2002-07-04
EP0780656B1 (en) 2002-05-29
DE19548688C2 (en) 1999-04-08
JPH09178393A (en) 1997-07-11
DE19548688A1 (en) 1997-06-26

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