EP0780481B1 - Method and installation for the recovery of aluminium from wastes and residues - Google Patents

Method and installation for the recovery of aluminium from wastes and residues Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0780481B1
EP0780481B1 EP19950810799 EP95810799A EP0780481B1 EP 0780481 B1 EP0780481 B1 EP 0780481B1 EP 19950810799 EP19950810799 EP 19950810799 EP 95810799 A EP95810799 A EP 95810799A EP 0780481 B1 EP0780481 B1 EP 0780481B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pyrolysis
melting
gas
plant
materials
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP19950810799
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0780481A1 (en
Inventor
Alois Franke
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Aluminium Rheinfelden GmbH
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Aluminium Rheinfelden GmbH
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Priority to EP19950810799 priority Critical patent/EP0780481B1/en
Priority to DE59509622T priority patent/DE59509622D1/en
Priority to AT95810799T priority patent/ATE205887T1/en
Publication of EP0780481A1 publication Critical patent/EP0780481A1/en
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Publication of EP0780481B1 publication Critical patent/EP0780481B1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/0038—Obtaining aluminium by other processes
    • C22B21/0069—Obtaining aluminium by other processes from scrap, skimmings or any secondary source aluminium, e.g. recovery of alloy constituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aluminum from materials with organic compounds, the organic compounds carbonized by pyrolysis to form pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis coke and the materials pretreated in this way are melted down.
  • a system for carrying out the method is also within the scope of the invention.
  • the inventor has set himself the task of creating a method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset with which the oxidation loss of aluminum during melting can be reduced in a simple manner.
  • the solution to the object according to the invention in the method is that the pyrolysis coke is separated from the pretreated materials before bright annealing.
  • the bright-annealed materials are also sighted before melting in order to separate off film components.
  • the pyrolysis gas is expediently combusted and the hot exhaust gas is used at least partially in a closed circuit as heating energy for the pyrolysis and, if appropriate, for heating pyrolysis gas lines and evaporators.
  • the combustion of the pyrolysis gas is preferably carried out at a temperature of at least 1200 ° C. and exhaust gas led out of the circuit is subsequently quenched to a temperature of less than 150 ° C.
  • the quenched exhaust gas is washed out, the washed-out washing liquid being evaporated and the evaporation residues, if necessary after a recipe correction, as melting salt for melting annealed materials can be used.
  • a system suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention has a pyrolysis drum with a failure housing and a sieve section arranged in it for separating fine material, a bright annealing unit decoupled from the pyrolysis drum and a melting system connected downstream thereof for melting the bright annealed materials.
  • the pyrolysis drum protrudes into the dropout housing with an end part designed as a sieve for separating fine material.
  • the screen section arranged below the end part can be designed as an adjustable flap.
  • a classifier for removing film components from the material flow can be arranged between the bright annealing unit and the melting system.
  • the bright annealing unit and / or the classifier can be heated by means of a mixture of furnace gases and air.
  • the melting system is preferably designed as a two-chamber system with an open charging chamber with a vortex system and with a stove as a heating chamber.
  • the pyrolysis coke separated in the process according to the invention can be used for the production of carbon products, in particular carbon anodes for the melt flow electrolysis of aluminum.
  • a plant for recovering aluminum from aluminum scrap containing organic compounds has the three operating units according to FIGS. 1 to 7 BE1 Material preparation BE2 Decoating system BE3 Smelting plant on.
  • the material preparation BE1 is assigned the material delivery, storage up to batching as well as the mechanical preparation and storage (buffering) of the processed material for the decoating system BE2.
  • the materials to be processed in the system are usually delivered by truck or rail wagon.
  • the incoming materials are weighed.
  • the type, origin and quantities of the delivered material are recorded and documented. Depending on the type of material, an incoming inspection is carried out.
  • aluminum composites S2 are temporarily stored in a preparation room before the rough crushing.
  • the aluminum composites S2 are fed to the coarse comminution via a feed conveyor 10 and a downstream further feed conveyor 14 into a slow-running cutting device 16.
  • the first feed conveyor 10 is fed via a feed shaft 12 by means of a stacker 18. It is also possible that To feed cutting unit 16 directly with the stacker 18.
  • the roughly shredded material falls out of the rotor shears 16 onto a belt conveyor 20; this also has a feed shaft 22 for the optimal feeding of batch material.
  • a belt magnet separator 24 with a loosening aid is arranged above the belt conveyor 20. At this point, coarse iron components S3 are removed from the material flow.
  • the belt conveyor 20 is equipped with an integrated strong field magnetic roller or magnetic drum 26. Here further iron components S3 including stainless steel are separated.
  • the processed aluminum composites S2 are introduced by means of steep conveyor 28 and allocation conveyor 30 into one of a total of, for example, five buffer containers 32 ae with a capacity of, for example, 40 m 3 each.
  • the buffer tanks 32 are closed, i.e. with encapsulated inlets and outlets as well as ventilation to an extraction system.
  • the stored material is discharged via a metering conveyor 34 a-e onto a belt conveyor 36; this transfers to the allocation conveyor 38 to the decoating system BE2.
  • these can be further divided, for example, in a cross-flow classifier 29 according to the aluminum content or the calorific value H u .
  • the different fractions with different aluminum contents or different calorific values H u are then temporarily stored separately in the buffer containers 32.
  • Aluminum chips S1 are removed from chip boxes in the staging area by means of a wheel loader and are fed to a sieve 44 via a feed shaft 40 in a feed conveyor 42.
  • the screen 44 separates coarse and fine chips.
  • the fine chips pass through a belt conveyor 46 and one Downstream further belt conveyor 48 with UeberbandMagnetscheider 50 for separating the iron components S3 in a buffer container 52 with, for example, 20 m 3 capacity.
  • Coarse material such as bushy chips are collected in a collecting container 54 and are fed to the shredding line for the aluminum composites by means of the stacker 18.
  • the material flow for detection and subsequent separation of undesired non-ferrous metals can pass through a metal detector 31.
  • the material flow for detection and subsequent removal of undesired non-ferrous metals can also pass through the metal detector 31 for a lumpy partial fraction of the cross-flow classifier 29.
  • the fine chips are transferred from the buffer container 52 by means of a metering conveyor 56 to a belt conveyor 58 and thus reach the processing line of the aluminum composites on the allocation conveyor 38 to the decoating system BE2.
  • the material from the composite and chip line first arrives in a buffer container or a material template 60, in which the material is possibly moistened.
  • the entry system of a pyrolysis drum 70 is loaded from here.
  • water, steam and / or a carrier gas, for example CO 2 can be injected into the pyrolysis feed head.
  • exhaust air is captured at various points such as shredders, transfer points and material buffers in order to ensure a diffuse release of emissions Encounter substances like dust.
  • the individual exhaust air flows are brought together and fed via a cyclone separator 62 and a downstream fan 64 to a combustion chamber 78 for afterburning. Solids separated in the cyclone separator 64 are discharged via a rotary valve 66 into a container 68 and charged, for example, into the feed shaft 22.
  • the pyrolysis drum, a bright annealing unit, a foil separator, a pyrolysis gas combustion and a flue gas cleaning system with quench, heat exchanger, two-stage scrubber, etc. are assigned to the BE2 decoating system.
  • the material is fed to the pyrolysis drum 70, which has a length L of, for example, 25 m, from the material preparation BE1 via the material template 60 and a lock system consisting of two sealing slides 72, 74.
  • a vacuum is applied to the lock system.
  • inert gas for example CO 2
  • the gas located between the two slides 72, 74 is simultaneously extracted by means of a fan 76 and fed to the combustion chamber 78 with the heating jacket exhaust gas S8.
  • the sealing slides 72, 74 are each designed to close tightly.
  • the material in the pyrolysis drum 70 is clocked via these slide systems. To avoid false air ingress into the drum, only one of the two slides can be opened, which is ensured by means of end position monitoring. A further sealing takes place via the material templates above the first double slide 72, between the two sealing slides 72, 74 and in an entry screw 80, which can be liquid-cooled.
  • the pyrolysis process takes place at approx. 550 ° C.
  • the temperature and residence time conditions ensure that the material is completely pyrolyzed after approx. 50 min when it reaches the pyrolysis discharge head. Extensive degassing of the materials takes place in the pyrolysis drum 70.
  • the energy required for the pyrolysis process is supplied via a heating jacket 82 surrounding the pyrolysis drum 70.
  • the heating jacket 82 is lined fireproof and designed even without a burner; the required hot gas S8 is brought from the outside of the combustion chamber 78 to the heating jacket 82 and is evenly conducted there to the pyrolysis drum wall.
  • the hot gas S8 which has cooled to about 580 ° C., is passed by the fan into heating jackets 84 from pyrolysis gas lines 86 and then fed back into the combustion chamber 78.
  • the return to the combustion chamber 78 takes place with a view to a closed circuit and consequent emission minimization.
  • the heating jacket 82 consists of a boiler plate construction with a refractory lining. To prevent heating gas from escaping between the heating jacket 82 and the rotating union of the pyrolysis drum 70, cable pull seals are installed. The sealing is carried out by mutually overlapping cast segments, which are pressed against the rotating rotary kiln sealing surface by means of looping wire rope and locking dowel pins. Due to the pressure conditions in the heating jacket 82, i.e. Low negative pressure due to the blower arrangement on the suction side also prevents construction gas from escaping to the surroundings.
  • natural gas is used as an energy source as long as there is still no sufficient pyrolysis gas production.
  • the heating takes place in in the same way, ie by providing the heating energy from the combustion chamber 78.
  • the pyrolysis drum 70 is driven on the discharge side by means of a toothed ring by means of a hydraulic drive, and the drum also has an auxiliary drive.
  • the drum speed is e.g. 5 revolutions per minute and can be varied.
  • the pyrolysis drum 70 is sealed on the entry and discharge sides by means of a mechanical seal and a CO 2 sealing gas guide.
  • the pyrolysis gas and the solids are separated off at the pyrolysis discharge head.
  • the pyrolysis gas is drawn off under pressure control.
  • the pressure control, as well as the subsequent pyrolysis gas line 86, is designed redundantly to increase operational reliability.
  • the pyrolysis drum 70 protrudes with its end part 71 by a dimension a into a failure housing 88.
  • This end part 71 is designed as a sieve for separating the solids discharged from the pyrolysis drum 70, into a sieved fine fraction and into a coarse fraction emerging from the opening end part 71.
  • the solids discharged from the pyrolysis drum 70, which i.w. made of aluminum and coke as a residue of the organic build-up used materials are discharged from the failure housing 88 by means of two lock systems.
  • the material is first passed through a pivotable screen 90 in the discharge of the pyrolysis drum 70.
  • Fine goods mainly pyrolysis coke R1
  • the fraction size of the discharged material to be assigned to the two lock systems can be adjusted via the position of the screen section 90 designed as an adjustable flap.
  • the pyrolysis coke R1 is cooled in a water-cooled cooling screw 96 with a double jacket and indirect cooling.
  • the cooled coke falls out of the screw into a cellular wheel sluice 98; this empties into a transport container 100.
  • the heat is dissipated through a cooling water circuit, to which the quench water circuit is also connected, via a total of three cooling towers 102a-c.
  • composition of the pyrolysis coke allows quantitative use in the manufacture of carbon products, e.g. Anodes for aluminum electrolysis.
  • the remaining material - as the screen residue of the screen section 90 - is discharged via a lock system consisting of two sealing slides 104, 106 in accordance with the material input.
  • the sealing slides 104, 106 are also each designed to close tightly.
  • the material discharge is clocked via these sliders. In order to avoid the ingress of false air into the pyrolysis drum 70, only one of the two slides can be opened, which is ensured by means of end position monitoring.
  • the material is fed out of the lock system onto a sieve 108; on this the free pyrolysis coke R1 still remaining in the material flow is discharged as a sieve passage (fine material) from the aluminum fraction via a cellular wheel sluice 110 into the cooling screw 96; this empties - as described above - via the rotary valve 98 into the transport container 100.
  • the pyrolysis coke can be used, for example, in the production of carbon anodes for the electrolysis for aluminum production.
  • the hot aluminum main stream still containing pyrolysis coke R1 is fed via a hot material conveyor 112 and a cellular wheel sluice 114 to a bright annealing unit 116.
  • this bright annealing unit 116 the remaining pyrolysis coke residues are selectively burned on an oscillating floor through which oxygen-controlled hot gas supply flows.
  • Proportional furnace gases S19 are used as hot gas, to which air is added in accordance with the oxygen content on the exhaust gas side of the annealing unit 116.
  • the hot gas is supplied via a hot gas fan 118.
  • the flue gases that are produced are fed to the combustion chamber 78.
  • Ash R3 contaminated with aluminum particles is separated from the main aluminum flow as a sieve passage of the bright annealing unit 116 and is thrown into a collecting container 130 via a cellular wheel lock 128.
  • the annealed material i.e. bare aluminum is discharged as a sieve residue from the bright annealing unit 116 via a cellular wheel sluice and then fed into a buffer container 126 by means of two hot material conveyors 122, 124 connected in series for film separation. From this, the material is fed to a classifier 134 via a continuous conveyor 132.
  • foils are removed from the material flow by means of air sifting by means of furnace exhaust gases S19 and air at a mixing temperature of approx. 400 ° C. and then separated from the sifting air in a hot gas cyclone 136 and discharged via a rotary valve 138 into a collecting container 140.
  • the hot gas leaves the hot gas cyclone 136 via a hot gas fan 137.
  • the separated film components can be fed to a separate utilization.
  • the heavy material resulting from the wind sifting comes out of the sifter 134 via a cellular wheel lock 142 to a hot material conveyor 144.
  • One part is discharged directly into a buffer container 148, the other part reaches another buffer container 154 via two hot material conveyors 150, 152 connected in series.
  • Both buffer containers or silos 148, 154 feed an associated melting system BE3 by means of continuous conveyors 156, 158.
  • the pyrolysis gas S7 is removed from the pyrolysis drum 70 via a redundant pressure control on the failure housing 88.
  • the amount of gas extracted depends on the internal drum pressure.
  • the separated pyrolysis gas is fed to the combustion chamber 78 by the shortest route by means of the double-jacket heated pyrolysis gas line 86.
  • the heating jacket 84 of the pyrolysis gas line 86 is subjected to heating jacket exhaust gas from the pyrolysis drum 70.
  • the combustion chamber 78 is a bricked-up, high-temperature-resistant combustion chamber (burner muffle), into which the pyrolysis gas is fed in via a ring line so that it can be re-ignited.
  • 78 exhaust gases from the bright annealing furnace (S18), the air classifier (S20), remaining flue gas quantities from the melting system (S19), exhaust air from the processing system (S22) and additional fresh air are fed into the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion air is fed in at various levels in order to achieve combustion that is as low in NOx as possible.
  • the oxygen content and temperature in the combustion chamber 78 are monitored in a registering manner.
  • a combustion chamber temperature of 1200 ° C is maintained as well as an oxygen content above 6% guaranteed in principle.
  • the combustion chamber geometry achieves a minimum dwell time of 2 seconds for the flue gases.
  • the combustion chamber is operated with natural gas.
  • the combustion chamber exhaust gas unless it is used as a partial stream for pyrolysis drum heating (S8), is fed to Quenche 160.
  • the combustion chamber exhaust gas used for the heating is again supplied to the combustion chamber 78.
  • the sudden cooling is achieved by injecting a very large amount of water into the gas stream. This is circulated by a Quenche sump pump or water circulation pump 162, evaporation losses are constantly replaced in the quench sump in a level-controlled manner.
  • the heat withdrawn from the gas stream via the circulated water is dissipated to a second water circuit via a heat exchanger 164 and is released to the environment via a total of three cooling towers 102a-c.
  • the Quenche 160 is equipped with an emergency nozzle system; if the water circulation pump 162 of the quench 160 fails, water can be injected into the quench 160 via an additional emergency water pump 163. In the event of a power failure, this system will continue to be operated via the emergency power supply.
  • the cooled exhaust gas S10 first passes into a droplet separator 166 and then into a two-stage gas scrubber 168a, b. Liquid accumulating at the droplet separator 166 is in the Quench circuit recirculated.
  • the hot exhaust gas emerging from the combustion chamber 78 can alternatively be supplied for energy use.
  • the exhaust gas enters a boiler with cooling coils after leaving the combustion chamber 78.
  • the cooled exhaust gas is fed to the cleaning system.
  • the water vapor heated in the cooling coils to, for example, 400 ° C is then at a pressure of e.g. 38 bar led to a generator for power generation.
  • S17 sodium hydroxide solution is used as a washing liquid additive in the gas scrubber; the feed takes place in a pH-controlled manner via a sodium hydroxide dosing pump 170 into the sump or into the wash liquor container 175 of the two washing stages.
  • fresh water is replenished under level control.
  • Sludge water with scrubber sludge (R2) is continuously discharged from the scrubber circuit and the quench water circuit and fed to an evaporation system designed as a thin-film evaporator 176 by means of sump pumps 172, 174.
  • the washing circuits of both washing stages are operated by redundant circulation pumps 178, 180 (stage 1) and 182, 184 (stage 2).
  • the washed exhaust gas S11 leaves the flue gas cleaning system at a temperature of approx. 85 ° C and saturated with water vapor.
  • hot melt exhaust gases are fed to a temperature of approx. 105-110 ° C. and then discharged into the free air flow via a chimney 190 by means of a redundantly designed exhaust gas fan.
  • salts and oxides remain from the laundry sludge. These can be used as melting salt in the BE3 melting system, if necessary after a recipe has been corrected.
  • the BE3 melting system is a two-chamber system (open well) and consists of an open charging chamber 190, 192 with a vortex system, a pump 194, 196, a stove as a heating chamber and a channel system.
  • liquid metal is conveyed with a pump via a trough into the specially designed charging chamber 190, 192, where it is set into a rotational movement, which creates a vortex.
  • Solid aluminum is continuously fed into the vortex into the rotating, liquid metal via the metering conveyor system 156, 158. Due to the rotational movement and the drop point, the solid aluminum is immediately pulled under the surface of the bath and wetted. Oxidation of the aluminum is largely avoided.
  • the metal stream returns from the charging chamber 190, 192 to the hearth furnace 198, 200. There, the enthalpy used in the melting process is compensated for by gas heating. Natural gas-air burners 202, 204 are used for this.
  • Oxides and salts remain as metal-rich dross on the bath surface during the melting process.
  • the hearth furnace 198, 200 is scrapped in an operational rhythm.
  • the molten aluminum is either fed in batches with liquid metal crucibles 206, 208 and transport trolleys to the foundry or poured into formats via a casting group 210, 212.
  • the melting capacity of the system is designed, for example, so that a total of max. 5 t / h can be melted (2.5 t / h per melting unit); this performance is achieved if only material with little organic buildup is pyrolyzed. On average, about 3.4 t / h are melted.
  • the metal produced is characterized and processed according to its alloy composition.

Abstract

Recovering aluminium from waste materials covered with organic compounds comprises: (i) carbonising the organic compounds by pyrolysis, with formation of pyrolysis gases and coke; (ii) removing the pyrolysis coke from the pre-treated material and non oxidising annealing; and (iii) melting the remaining material. Also claimed are an installation for implementing the above method, and an application of the separated pyrolysis coke for manufacture of carbon electrodes used in aluminium production.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung von Aluminium aus mit organischen Verbindungen behafteten Materialien, wobei die organischen Verbindungen durch Pyrolyse unter Bildung von Pyrolysegas und Pyrolysekoks verschwelt und die derart vorbehandelten Materialien eingeschmolzen werden. Im Rahmen der Erfindung liegt auch eine Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aluminum from materials with organic compounds, the organic compounds carbonized by pyrolysis to form pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis coke and the materials pretreated in this way are melted down. A system for carrying out the method is also within the scope of the invention.

Bekannte Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung von Aluminium aus Abfällen und Reststoffen benutzen Salztrommelöfen oder Mehrkammerherdöfen. All diesen Verfahren ist gemeinsam, dass ihre Dioxin- und Furanemission ohne Verdünnung den heute geltenden Emissionswert von 0,1 ng TE/m3 (TE nach NATO-CCMS) überschreitet. Allenfalls kann dieser Grenzwert durch die Anwendung eines Aktivkohlefilters erreicht werden, welcher seinerseits dann mit Dioxinen und Furanen belastet ist. Auch Filterstäube sind bei diesen Verfahren mit Dioxinen und Furanen behaftet.Known methods for recovering aluminum from waste and residues use salt drum furnaces or multi-chamber hearth furnaces. All these processes have in common that their dioxin and furan emissions without dilution exceed the current emission level of 0.1 ng TE / m 3 (TE according to NATO-CCMS). At most, this limit can be achieved by using an activated carbon filter, which in turn is then contaminated with dioxins and furans. In this process, filter dusts are also contaminated with dioxins and furans.

Aus der EP-A-0523858 ist eine Anlage mit einer Pyrolysetrommel zur Verschwelung von mit organischen Verbindungen behafteten Materialien wie z.B. lackierte Aluminiumdosen bekannt, bei welcher die Pyrolysetrommel von Heissgas durchströmt wird. Hierbei wird das Heissgas über ein zentral in der Schweltrommel angeordnetes Rohr von einer Eintrittsöffnung zu einer Austrittsöffnung und von dort zu einem Nachbrenner geführt. Das im Nachbrenner nachverbrannte und erhitzte Pyrolysegas wird zum einen Teil durch das vorgängig beschriebene Rohr in die Schweltrommel geleitet und zu einem anderen Teil aus dem Kreislaufsystem herausgeführt und einer Nachbehandlung unterzogen. Ein wesentlicher Nachteil dieses vorbekannten Verfahrens wird darin gesehen, dass beim Einschmelzen der verschwelten Materialien durch den noch anhaftenden Pyrolysekoks, insbesondere bei Abfällen mit hohem organischen Anteil, ein hoher Teil des Aluminiums durch Oxidation verloren geht.From EP-A-0523858 a system with a pyrolysis drum for the carbonization of materials with organic compounds such as lacquered aluminum cans is known, in which hot gas flows through the pyrolysis drum. Here, the hot gas is fed from an inlet opening to an outlet opening and from there to an afterburner via a pipe arranged centrally in the carbonization drum. The pyrolysis gas afterburned and heated in the afterburner is partly due to the previous one The pipe described is passed into the carbonization drum and led to another part from the circulatory system and subjected to an aftertreatment. A major disadvantage of this previously known method is seen in the fact that when the smoldered materials are melted down by the pyrolysis coke still adhering, in particular in the case of wastes with a high organic content, a large part of the aluminum is lost through oxidation.

Angesichts dieser Gegebenheiten hat sich der Erfinder die Aufgabe gestellt, ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung der eingangs erwähnten Art zu schaffen, mit welchen auf einfache Weise der Oxidationsverlust von Aluminium beim Einschmelzen vermindert werden kann.In view of these circumstances, the inventor has set himself the task of creating a method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset with which the oxidation loss of aluminum during melting can be reduced in a simple manner.

Zur erfindungsgemässen Lösung der Aufgabe führt beim Verfahren, dass der Pyrolysekoks von den vorbehandelten Materialien vor einem Blankglühen abgetrennt wird.The solution to the object according to the invention in the method is that the pyrolysis coke is separated from the pretreated materials before bright annealing.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens werden zudem die blankgeglühten Materialien vor dem Einschmelzen zur Abtrennung von Folienbestandteilen gesichtet.In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the bright-annealed materials are also sighted before melting in order to separate off film components.

Zweckmässigerweise wird das Pyrolysegas verbrannt und das heisse Abgas zumindest teilweise in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf als Heizenergie für die Pyrolyse sowie ggf. zur Beheizung von Pyrolysegasleitungen und Verdampfer eingesetzt.The pyrolysis gas is expediently combusted and the hot exhaust gas is used at least partially in a closed circuit as heating energy for the pyrolysis and, if appropriate, for heating pyrolysis gas lines and evaporators.

Bevorzugt wird die Verbrennung des Pyrolysegases bei einer Temperatur von mindestens 1200°C durchgeführt und aus dem Kreislauf herausgeführtes Abgas nachfolgend auf eine Temperatur von weniger als 150°C abgeschreckt. Das abgeschreckte Abgas wird ausgewaschen, wobei die ausgeschleuste Waschflüssigkeit eingedampft und die Eindampfrückstände, ggf. nach einer Rezepturkorrektur, als Schmelzsalz zum Einschmelzen der blankgeglühten Materialien eingesetzt werden kann.The combustion of the pyrolysis gas is preferably carried out at a temperature of at least 1200 ° C. and exhaust gas led out of the circuit is subsequently quenched to a temperature of less than 150 ° C. The quenched exhaust gas is washed out, the washed-out washing liquid being evaporated and the evaporation residues, if necessary after a recipe correction, as melting salt for melting annealed materials can be used.

Eine zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens geeignete Anlage weist eine Pyrolysetrommel mit einem Ausfallgehäuse und einem in diesem angeordneten Siebschuss zur Abtrennung von Feingut, ein von der Pyrolysetrommel abgekoppeltes Blankglühaggregat sowie eine diesem nachgeschaltete Schmelzanlage zum Einschmelzen der blankgeglühten Materialien auf.A system suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention has a pyrolysis drum with a failure housing and a sieve section arranged in it for separating fine material, a bright annealing unit decoupled from the pyrolysis drum and a melting system connected downstream thereof for melting the bright annealed materials.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Anlage ragt die Pyrolysetrommel mit einem als Sieb ausgestalteten Endteil zur Abtrennung von Feingut in das Ausfallgehäuse ein. Der unterhalb des Endteils angeordnete Siebschuss kann als verstellbare Klappe ausgebildet sein.In a preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention, the pyrolysis drum protrudes into the dropout housing with an end part designed as a sieve for separating fine material. The screen section arranged below the end part can be designed as an adjustable flap.

Zwischen dem Blankglühaggregat und der Schmelzanlage kann ein Sichter zur Entnahme von Folienbestandteilen aus dem Materialstrom angeordnet sein.A classifier for removing film components from the material flow can be arranged between the bright annealing unit and the melting system.

Das Blankglühaggregat und/oder der Sichter können mittels eines Gemisches aus Schmelzofenabgasen und Luft beheizbar sein.The bright annealing unit and / or the classifier can be heated by means of a mixture of furnace gases and air.

Bevorzugt ist die Schmelzanlage als Zweikammersystem mit offener Chargierkammer mit Vortex-System und mit einem Herdofen als Heizkammer ausgestaltet.The melting system is preferably designed as a two-chamber system with an open charging chamber with a vortex system and with a stove as a heating chamber.

Der beim erfindungsgemässen Verfahren abgetrennte Pyrolysekoks kann zur Herstellung von Kohlenstoffprodukten, insbesondere Kohleanoden für die Schmelzflusselektrolyse von Aluminium eingesetzt werden.The pyrolysis coke separated in the process according to the invention can be used for the production of carbon products, in particular carbon anodes for the melt flow electrolysis of aluminum.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele sowie anhand der Zeichnung; diese zeigt schematisch in

  • Fig. 1 ein Schema des prinzipiellen Aufbaus einer Recycling-Anlage;
  • Fig. 2 ein Grundfliessbild der Anlage von Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 ein Blockschaltbild der Anlage von Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 ein Verfahrensfliessbild der Anlage von Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5-7 vergrösserte Ausschnitte aus Fig. 3.
Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments and from the drawing; this shows schematically in
  • Figure 1 is a schematic of the basic structure of a recycling plant.
  • Fig. 2 is a basic flow diagram of the plant of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the system of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a process flow diagram of the plant of Fig. 1;
  • 5-7 enlarged sections from FIG. 3.

Eine Anlage zur Rückgewinnung von Aluminium aus mit organischen Verbindungen behafteten Aluminium-Schrotten weist gemäss Fig. 1 bis 7 die drei Betriebseinheiten BE1 Materialaufbereitung BE2 Decoatinganlage BE3 Schmelzanlage auf.A plant for recovering aluminum from aluminum scrap containing organic compounds has the three operating units according to FIGS. 1 to 7 BE1 Material preparation BE2 Decoating system BE3 Smelting plant on.

Der Materialaufbereitung BE1 sind die Materialanlieferung, Lagerung bis zur Chargierung sowie die mechanische Aufbereitung und Vorhaltung (Pufferung) des aufbereiteten Materials für die Decoatinganlage BE2 zugeordnet.The material preparation BE1 is assigned the material delivery, storage up to batching as well as the mechanical preparation and storage (buffering) of the processed material for the decoating system BE2.

Die Anlieferung der in der Anlage zu verarbeitenden Materialien geschieht in der Regel per LKW oder Bahnwaggon. Die eingehenden Materialien werden verwogen. Art, Herkunft und Mengen des angelieferten Materials werden erfasst und dokumentiert. Je nach Materialart erfolgt eine Eingangsprüfung.The materials to be processed in the system are usually delivered by truck or rail wagon. The incoming materials are weighed. The type, origin and quantities of the delivered material are recorded and documented. Depending on the type of material, an incoming inspection is carried out.

Die Materialaufbereitung BE1 dient der Aufbereitung zweier grundsätzlich verschiedener Materialarten:

  • - Späne S1 aus der Metallbearbeitung. Diese werden gesiebt, die Grobfraktion wird zerkleinert und Eisenmetalle werden abgetrennt.
  • - Aluminium-Verbundstoffe S2. Diese werden auf eine stückige Grösse von beispielsweise 30 x 40 mm zerkleinert und Eisenmetalle werden aussortiert. Eingesetzte Stoffe sind hier also z.B. DSD-(Duales System Deutschland) Material, lackierte Bleche und Metallwaren, lackierte Strangpressprofile, lackierte Tuben und Aerosoldosen, flexible Verpackungen aus Aluminium im Verbund mit Kunststoffen oder Papier, gebrauchte Aluminiumdosen, Kühlerschrotte, Röhrchen, Lamellen, Durchstiche, Offset-Bleche, Kabel, geschält, mit Fett, Flaschenkapseln, Nummernschilder, Fahrbahnmarkierungen und Fensterprofile.
The material preparation BE1 is used to process two fundamentally different types of material:
  • - Metal shavings S1. These are sieved, the coarse fraction is crushed and ferrous metals are separated.
  • - Aluminum composite S2. These are crushed to a lump size, for example 30 x 40 mm, and ferrous metals are sorted out. The materials used here are, for example, DSD (dual system Germany) material, painted sheet metal and metalware, painted extruded profiles, painted tubes and aerosol cans, flexible packaging made of aluminum in combination with plastics or paper, used aluminum cans, cooler scrap, tubes, lamellas, punctures, Offset sheets, cables, peeled, with grease, bottle caps, license plates, road markings and window profiles.

Aluminium-Verbundstoffe S2 werden im Falle einer sofortigen Verarbeitung in einem Bereitstellungsraum vor der Grobzerkleinerung zwischengelagert. Die Zuführung der Aluminium-Verbundstoffe S2 zur Grobzerkleinerung erfolgt über einen Aufgabeförderer 10 und einen nachgeschalteten weiteren Aufgabeförderer 14 in ein langsam laufendes Schneidwerk 16. Die Beschickung des ersten Aufgabeförderers 10 erfolgt hierbei über einen Aufgabeschacht 12 mittels eines Staplers 18. Es ist auch möglich, das Schneidwerk 16 direkt mit dem Stapler 18 zu beschicken.In the case of immediate processing, aluminum composites S2 are temporarily stored in a preparation room before the rough crushing. The aluminum composites S2 are fed to the coarse comminution via a feed conveyor 10 and a downstream further feed conveyor 14 into a slow-running cutting device 16. The first feed conveyor 10 is fed via a feed shaft 12 by means of a stacker 18. It is also possible that To feed cutting unit 16 directly with the stacker 18.

Durch den Einsatz des langsam laufenden Schneidwerks 16 wird bei der Zerkleinerung ein spezifisch geringer Feinkornanteil erzeugt. Aluminium-Späne werden später in den Prozess eingeschleust.By using the slow-running cutting unit 16, a specifically low proportion of fine grains is generated during the comminution. Aluminum chips are later fed into the process.

Das grob zerkleinerte Material fällt aus der Rotorschere 16 heraus auf einen Gurtförderer 20; dieser hat zusätzlich einen Aufgabeschacht 22 zur optimalen Aufgabe von Chargenmaterial. Ueber dem Gurtförderer 20 ist ein Ueberbandmagnetabscheider 24 mit Auflockerungshilfe angeordnet. An dieser Stelle werden grobe Eisenbestandteile S3 aus dem Materialfluss entnommen.The roughly shredded material falls out of the rotor shears 16 onto a belt conveyor 20; this also has a feed shaft 22 for the optimal feeding of batch material. A belt magnet separator 24 with a loosening aid is arranged above the belt conveyor 20. At this point, coarse iron components S3 are removed from the material flow.

Der Gurtförderer 20 ist mit einer integrierten Starkfeldmagnetrolle oder Magnettrommel 26 ausgerüstet. Hier werden weitere Eisenbestandteile S3 einschliesslich Edelstahl abgetrennt.The belt conveyor 20 is equipped with an integrated strong field magnetic roller or magnetic drum 26. Here further iron components S3 including stainless steel are separated.

Die aufbereiteten Aluminium-Verbundstoffe S2 werden mittels Steilförderer 28 und Zuteilungsförderer 30 in einen von insgesamt beispielsweise fünf Pufferbehältern 32 a-e mit einem Fassungsvermögen von beispielsweise je 40 m3 eingetragen.The processed aluminum composites S2 are introduced by means of steep conveyor 28 and allocation conveyor 30 into one of a total of, for example, five buffer containers 32 ae with a capacity of, for example, 40 m 3 each.

Die Pufferbehälter 32 sind geschlossen ausgeführt d.h. mit gekapselten Ein- und Austrägen sowie Entlüftung zu einer Absauganlage. Das gespeicherte Material wird bedarfsabhängig über Dosierförderer 34 a-e auf einen Gurtförderer 36 ausgetragen; dieser übergibt an den Zuteilungsförderer 38 zur Decoatinganlage BE2.The buffer tanks 32 are closed, i.e. with encapsulated inlets and outlets as well as ventilation to an extraction system. Depending on requirements, the stored material is discharged via a metering conveyor 34 a-e onto a belt conveyor 36; this transfers to the allocation conveyor 38 to the decoating system BE2.

Alternativ zur Aufgabe der nach Abtrennung der Eisenbestandteile S3 aufbereiteten Aluminium-Verbundstoffe S2 auf den Steilförderer 28 können diese beispielsweise in einem Querstromsichter 29 nach dem Aluminiumgehalt bzw. dem Heizwert Hu weiter aufgeteilt werden. Die Trennung in aluminiumreiche Bestandteile mit niedrigem Heizwert Hu, z.B. Profilabschnitte, und in aluminiumarme Bestandteile mit hohem Heizwert Hu, z.B. beschichtete Folien, erfolgt im Querstromsichter 29 aufgrund des unterschiedlichen Gewichtes und des spezifischen Anströmquerschnittes. Die verschiedenen Fraktionen mit unterschiedlichem Aluminiumgehalt bzw. unterschiedlichem Heizwert Hu werden sodann in den Pufferbehältern 32 getrennt zwischengelagert.As an alternative to placing the aluminum composites S2 prepared after the iron components S3 have been separated off on the steep conveyor 28, these can be further divided, for example, in a cross-flow classifier 29 according to the aluminum content or the calorific value H u . The separation into aluminum-rich components with a low calorific value H u , for example profile sections, and into aluminum-poor components with a high calorific value H u , for example coated films, takes place in the cross-flow classifier 29 due to the different weight and the specific inflow cross section. The different fractions with different aluminum contents or different calorific values H u are then temporarily stored separately in the buffer containers 32.

Aluminiumspäne S1 werden im Bereitstellungsraum aus Späneboxen mittels Radlader entnommen und über einen Aufgabeschacht 40 in einem Aufgabeförderer 42 zu einem Sieb 44 aufgegeben. Das Sieb 44 trennt Grob- und Feinspäne.Aluminum chips S1 are removed from chip boxes in the staging area by means of a wheel loader and are fed to a sieve 44 via a feed shaft 40 in a feed conveyor 42. The screen 44 separates coarse and fine chips.

Die Feinspäne gelangen über einen Gurtförderer 46 und einen nachgeschalteten weiteren Gurtförderer 48 mit UeberbandMagnetscheider 50 zur Abtrennung der Eisenbestandteile S3 in einen Pufferbehälter 52 mit beispielsweise 20 m3 Fassungsvermögen.The fine chips pass through a belt conveyor 46 and one Downstream further belt conveyor 48 with UeberbandMagnetscheider 50 for separating the iron components S3 in a buffer container 52 with, for example, 20 m 3 capacity.

Anfallendes Grobgut wie z.B. buschige Späne werden in einem Sammelbehälter 54 aufgefangen und mittels des Staplers 18 der Zerkleinerungslinie für die Aluminium-Verbundstoffe aufgegeben.Coarse material such as bushy chips are collected in a collecting container 54 and are fed to the shredding line for the aluminum composites by means of the stacker 18.

Vor der Aufgabe der Feinspäne auf den Zuteilungsförderer 38 kann der Materialstrom zur Erkennung und nachfolgenden Abtrennung unerwünschter NE-Metalle einen Metalldetektor 31 durchlaufen.Before the fine chips are fed onto the allocation conveyor 38, the material flow for detection and subsequent separation of undesired non-ferrous metals can pass through a metal detector 31.

Zusätzlich kann nach Abtrennung der Eisenbestandteile auch für eine stückige Teilfraktion des Querstromsichters 29 der Materialstrom zur Erkennung und nachfolgenden Abtrennung unerwünschter NE-Metalle den Metalldetektor 31 durchlaufen.In addition, after the iron components have been separated off, the material flow for detection and subsequent removal of undesired non-ferrous metals can also pass through the metal detector 31 for a lumpy partial fraction of the cross-flow classifier 29.

Die Feinspäne werden aus dem Pufferbehälter 52 mittels eines Dosierförderers 56 auf einen Gurtförderer 58 gegeben und gelangen so zur Aufbereitungslinie der Aluminium-Verbundstoffe auf den Zuteilungsförderer 38 zur Decoatinganlage BE2.The fine chips are transferred from the buffer container 52 by means of a metering conveyor 56 to a belt conveyor 58 and thus reach the processing line of the aluminum composites on the allocation conveyor 38 to the decoating system BE2.

Das Material aus der Verbund- und Spänelinie gelangt zunächst in einen Pufferbehälter bzw. eine Materialvorlage 60, in der das Material ggf. befeuchtet wird. Von hier aus wird das Eintragssystem einer Pyrolysetrommel 70 beaufschlagt. An Stelle der Befeuchtung im Pufferbehälter 60 kann am Pyrolyseeintragskopf Wasser, Wasserdampf und/oder ein Trägergas, z.B. CO2, eingedüst werden.The material from the composite and chip line first arrives in a buffer container or a material template 60, in which the material is possibly moistened. The entry system of a pyrolysis drum 70 is loaded from here. Instead of the humidification in the buffer tank 60, water, steam and / or a carrier gas, for example CO 2 , can be injected into the pyrolysis feed head.

An der Aufbereitungsanlage wird an verschiedenen Stellen wie Zerkleinerer, Uebergabestellen und Materialpuffer Abluft erfasst, um einer diffusen Freisetzung von Emissionen luftfremder Stoffe wie Staub zu begegnen. Die einzelnen Abluftströme werden zusammengeführt und über einen Zyklonabscheider 62 und einen nachgeschalteten Ventilator 64 einer Brennkammer 78 zur Nachverbrennung zugeführt. Im Zyklonabscheider 64 abgeschiedene Feststoffe werden über eine Zellenradschleuse 66 in einen Container 68 ausgetragen und beispielsweise in den Aufgabeschacht 22 chargiert.At the processing plant, exhaust air is captured at various points such as shredders, transfer points and material buffers in order to ensure a diffuse release of emissions Encounter substances like dust. The individual exhaust air flows are brought together and fed via a cyclone separator 62 and a downstream fan 64 to a combustion chamber 78 for afterburning. Solids separated in the cyclone separator 64 are discharged via a rotary valve 66 into a container 68 and charged, for example, into the feed shaft 22.

Der Decoatinganlage BE2 sind die Pyrolysetrommel, ein Blankglüh-Aggregat, ein Folienabscheider, eine Pyrolysegas-Verbrennung sowie eine Rauchgasreinigung mit Quenche, Wärmetauscher, Zweistufenwäscher, etc. zugeordnet.The pyrolysis drum, a bright annealing unit, a foil separator, a pyrolysis gas combustion and a flue gas cleaning system with quench, heat exchanger, two-stage scrubber, etc. are assigned to the BE2 decoating system.

Das Material wird der Pyrolysetrommel 70, die eine Länge L von beispielsweise 25 m aufweist, aus der Materialvorbereitung BE1 über die Materaialvorlage 60 und ein Schleusensystem bestehend aus zwei Dichtschiebern 72, 74 zugeführt.The material is fed to the pyrolysis drum 70, which has a length L of, for example, 25 m, from the material preparation BE1 via the material template 60 and a lock system consisting of two sealing slides 72, 74.

Zur Vermeidung von Pyrolysegasaustritten aus dem Aufgabebereich und Minimierung von Falschlufteinbrüchen in die Pyrolysetrommel 70 wird an das Schleusensystem ein Unterdruck angelegt. Hierzu wird in diesen Raum Inertgas, z.B. CO2, gespült und das zwischen den beiden Schiebern 72, 74 befindliche Gas gleichzeitig mittels eines Ventilators 76 abgesaugt und mit dem Heizmantel-Abgas S8 der Brennkammer 78 zugeführt.In order to avoid pyrolysis gas escaping from the task area and minimizing ingress of false air into the pyrolysis drum 70, a vacuum is applied to the lock system. For this purpose, inert gas, for example CO 2 , is flushed into this space and the gas located between the two slides 72, 74 is simultaneously extracted by means of a fan 76 and fed to the combustion chamber 78 with the heating jacket exhaust gas S8.

Die Dichtschieber 72, 74 sind jeweils dichtschliessend ausgeführt. Die Materialzugabe in die Pyrolysetrommel 70 erfolgt getaktet über diese Schiebersysteme. Zur Vermeidung von Falschlufteinbruch in die Trommel kann jeweils nur einer der beiden Schieber geöffnet sein, was mittels einer Endlagenüberwachung gewährleistet ist. Eine weitere Abdichtung erfolgt über die Materialvorlagen über dem ersten Doppelschieber 72, zwischen beiden Dichtschiebern 72, 74 sowie in einer Eintragsschnecke 80, die flüssigkeitsgekühlt sein kann.The sealing slides 72, 74 are each designed to close tightly. The material in the pyrolysis drum 70 is clocked via these slide systems. To avoid false air ingress into the drum, only one of the two slides can be opened, which is ensured by means of end position monitoring. A further sealing takes place via the material templates above the first double slide 72, between the two sealing slides 72, 74 and in an entry screw 80, which can be liquid-cooled.

Der Pyrolysevorgang geschieht bei ca. 550°C. Aufgrund der Temperatur- und Verweilzeitverhältnisse ist gewährleistet, dass das Material bei Erreichen des Pyrolyseaustragskopfes nach ca. 50 min vollständig pyrolysiert ist. In der Pyrolysetrommel 70 findet eine umfassende Entgasung der Materialien statt.The pyrolysis process takes place at approx. 550 ° C. The temperature and residence time conditions ensure that the material is completely pyrolyzed after approx. 50 min when it reaches the pyrolysis discharge head. Extensive degassing of the materials takes place in the pyrolysis drum 70.

Die für den Pyrolysevorgang erforderliche Energie wird über einen die Pyrolysetrommel 70 umgebenden Heizmantel 82 zugeführt. Der Heizmantel 82 ist feuerfest ausgekleidet und selbst ohne Brenner ausgeführt; das erforderliche Heissgas S8 wird von aussen von der Brennkammer 78 an den Heizmantel 82 herangeführt und dort gleichmässig an die Pyrolysetrommelwand geleitet. Nach Durchströmen des Heizmantels 82 wird das auf ca. 580°C abgekühlte Heissgas S8 mittels des Ventilators in Heizmäntel 84 von Pyrolysegasleitungen 86 geleitet und anschliessend wieder in die Brennkammer 78 eingespeist. Die Rückführung in die Brennkammer 78 erfolgt im Hinblick auf eine geschlossene Kreislaufführung und konsequente Emissionsminimierung.The energy required for the pyrolysis process is supplied via a heating jacket 82 surrounding the pyrolysis drum 70. The heating jacket 82 is lined fireproof and designed even without a burner; the required hot gas S8 is brought from the outside of the combustion chamber 78 to the heating jacket 82 and is evenly conducted there to the pyrolysis drum wall. After flowing through the heating jacket 82, the hot gas S8, which has cooled to about 580 ° C., is passed by the fan into heating jackets 84 from pyrolysis gas lines 86 and then fed back into the combustion chamber 78. The return to the combustion chamber 78 takes place with a view to a closed circuit and consequent emission minimization.

Der Heizmantel 82 besteht aus einer Kesselblechkonstruktion mit Feuerfest-Ausmauerung. Zur Vermeidung eines Heizgasaustritts zwischen Heizmantel 82 und Drehdurchführung der Pyrolysetrommel 70 sind Seilzugabdichtungen installiert. Die Dichtung erfolgt durch sich gegenseitig überlappende Gusssegmente, die mittels umschlingendem Drahtseil über arretierende Spannstifte gegen die rotierende Drehofendichtfläche gepresst werden. Aufgrund der Druckverhältnisse im Heizmantel 82, d.h. geringer Unterdruck durch die saugseitige Gebläseanordnung wird ein Heizgasaustritt an die Umgebung ebenfalls bereits konstruktiv verhindert.The heating jacket 82 consists of a boiler plate construction with a refractory lining. To prevent heating gas from escaping between the heating jacket 82 and the rotating union of the pyrolysis drum 70, cable pull seals are installed. The sealing is carried out by mutually overlapping cast segments, which are pressed against the rotating rotary kiln sealing surface by means of looping wire rope and locking dowel pins. Due to the pressure conditions in the heating jacket 82, i.e. Low negative pressure due to the blower arrangement on the suction side also prevents construction gas from escaping to the surroundings.

Zum Anfahren der Pyrolysetrommel 70 wird, solange noch keine ausreichende Pyrolysegasproduktion stattfindet, Erdgas als Energieträger verwendet. Die Beheizung erfolgt dabei in gleicher Weise, d.h. durch Bereitstellung der Heizenergie aus der Brennkammer 78.To start the pyrolysis drum 70, natural gas is used as an energy source as long as there is still no sufficient pyrolysis gas production. The heating takes place in in the same way, ie by providing the heating energy from the combustion chamber 78.

Die Pyrolysetrommel 70 wird an der Austragsseite über einen Zahnkranz mittels Hydraulikantrieb angetrieben, zusätzlich verfügt die Trommel noch über einen Hilfsantrieb. Die Trommeldrehzahl beträgt z.B. 5 Umdrehungen pro Minute und kann variiert werden.The pyrolysis drum 70 is driven on the discharge side by means of a toothed ring by means of a hydraulic drive, and the drum also has an auxiliary drive. The drum speed is e.g. 5 revolutions per minute and can be varied.

Die Pyrolysetrommel 70 ist an Ein- wie Austragsseite mittels Gleitringdichtung und CO2-Sperrgasführung abgedichtet.The pyrolysis drum 70 is sealed on the entry and discharge sides by means of a mechanical seal and a CO 2 sealing gas guide.

Die Abtrennung des Pyrolysegases und der Feststoffe erfolgt am Pyrolyseaustragskopf. Das Pyrolysegas wird druckgeregelt abgezogen. Die Druckregelung wie auch die nachfolgende Pyrolysegasleitung 86 ist zur Erhöhung der Betriebssicherheit redundant ausgeführt.The pyrolysis gas and the solids are separated off at the pyrolysis discharge head. The pyrolysis gas is drawn off under pressure control. The pressure control, as well as the subsequent pyrolysis gas line 86, is designed redundantly to increase operational reliability.

Am Pyrolyseausgangskopf ragt die Pyrolysetrommel 70 mit ihrem Endteil 71 um ein Mass a in ein Ausfallgehäuse 88 ein. Dieser Endteil 71 ist als Sieb zur Auftrennung der aus der Pyrolysetrommel 70 ausgetragenen Feststoffe, in eine gesiebte Feinfraktion und in eine aus dem offenden Endteil 71 austretende Grobfraktion ausgestaltet.At the pyrolysis output head, the pyrolysis drum 70 protrudes with its end part 71 by a dimension a into a failure housing 88. This end part 71 is designed as a sieve for separating the solids discharged from the pyrolysis drum 70, into a sieved fine fraction and into a coarse fraction emerging from the opening end part 71.

Die aus der Pyrolysetrommel 70 ausgetragenen Feststoffe, die i.w. aus Aluminium sowie aus Koks als Rückstand der organischen Anhaftungen eingesetzter Materialien bestehen, werden mittels zweier Schleusensysteme aus dem Ausfallgehäuse 88 ausgetragen.The solids discharged from the pyrolysis drum 70, which i.w. made of aluminum and coke as a residue of the organic build-up used materials are discharged from the failure housing 88 by means of two lock systems.

Zur Abtrennung des Pyrolysekokses R1 wird das Material zunächst im Austrag der Pyrolysetrommel 70 über einen schwenkbaren Siebschuss 90 geführt. Feingut, i.w. Pyrolysekoks R1, fällt in einen darunterliegenden Schacht 92 und wird von dort zeitgetaktet über einen Dichtschieber 94 entsprechend dem Materialeintrag nach unten ausgetragen.To separate the pyrolysis coke R1, the material is first passed through a pivotable screen 90 in the discharge of the pyrolysis drum 70. Fine goods, mainly pyrolysis coke R1, falls into an underlying shaft 92 and is discharged from there downwards in a timed manner via a sealing slide 94 in accordance with the material input.

Ueber die Stellung des als verstellbare Klappe ausgebildeten Siebschusses 90 kann die den beiden Schleusensystemen zuzuweisende Fraktionsgrösse des ausgetragenen Materials eingestellt werden.The fraction size of the discharged material to be assigned to the two lock systems can be adjusted via the position of the screen section 90 designed as an adjustable flap.

Der Pyrolysekoks R1 wird in einer wassergekühlten Kühlschnecke 96 mit Doppelmantel und indirekter Kühlung gekühlt. Aus der Schnecke fällt der gekühlte Koks in eine Zellenradschleuse 98; diese entleert in einen Transportcontainer 100. Die Wärmeabfuhr erfolgt durch einen Kühlwasserkreislauf, an den auch der Quenchewasserkreislauf angeschlossen ist, über insgesamt drei Kühltürme 102a-c.The pyrolysis coke R1 is cooled in a water-cooled cooling screw 96 with a double jacket and indirect cooling. The cooled coke falls out of the screw into a cellular wheel sluice 98; this empties into a transport container 100. The heat is dissipated through a cooling water circuit, to which the quench water circuit is also connected, via a total of three cooling towers 102a-c.

Die Zusammensetzung des Pyrolysekokses erlaubt einen quantitativen Einsatz bei der Herstellung von Kohlenstoffprodukten, z.B. Anoden für die Aluminium-Elektrolyse.The composition of the pyrolysis coke allows quantitative use in the manufacture of carbon products, e.g. Anodes for aluminum electrolysis.

Das verbleibende Material -- als Siebrückstand des Siebschusses 90 -- wird über ein aus zwei Dichtschiebern 104, 106 bestehendes Schleusensystem entsprechend dem Materialeintrag ausgetragen. Die Dichtschieber 104, 106 sind jeweils ebenfalls dichtschliessend ausgeführt. Der Materialaustrag erfolgt getaktet über diese Schieber. Zur Vermeidung von Falschlufteinbruch in die Pyrolysetrommel 70 kann jeweils nur einer der beiden Schieber geöffnet sein, was mittels einer Endlagenüberwachung gewährleistet ist.The remaining material - as the screen residue of the screen section 90 - is discharged via a lock system consisting of two sealing slides 104, 106 in accordance with the material input. The sealing slides 104, 106 are also each designed to close tightly. The material discharge is clocked via these sliders. In order to avoid the ingress of false air into the pyrolysis drum 70, only one of the two slides can be opened, which is ensured by means of end position monitoring.

Das Material wird aus dem Schleusensystem heraus auf ein Sieb 108 aufgegeben; auf diesem wird der noch im Materialstrom verbliebene freie Pyrolysekoks R1 als Siebdurchgang (Feingut) von der Aluminium-Fraktion getrennt über eine Zellenradschleuse 110 in die Kühlschnecke 96 ausgetragen; diese entleert -- wie oben beschrieben -- über die Zellenradschleuse 98 in den Transportcontainer 100. Der Pyrolysekoks kann beispielsweise bei der Herstellung von Kohleanoden für die Elektrolyse zur Aluminiumerzeugung verwertet werden.The material is fed out of the lock system onto a sieve 108; on this the free pyrolysis coke R1 still remaining in the material flow is discharged as a sieve passage (fine material) from the aluminum fraction via a cellular wheel sluice 110 into the cooling screw 96; this empties - as described above - via the rotary valve 98 into the transport container 100. The pyrolysis coke can be used, for example, in the production of carbon anodes for the electrolysis for aluminum production.

Der noch mit Pyrolysekoks R1 behaftete heisse Aluminium-Hauptstrom wird über einen Heissgutförderer 112 und eine Zellenradschleuse 114 einem Blankglüh-Aggregat 116 zugeführt. In diesem Blankglüh-Aggregat 116 werden die noch vorhandenen Pyrolysekoksreste auf einem mit sauerstoffgeregelter Heissgaszufuhr durchströmten Schwingboden gezielt verbrannt. Als Heissgas werden anteilig Schmelzofenabgase S19 eingesetzt, denen entsprechend dem Sauerstoffgehalt auf der Abgasseite des Glühaggregates 116 Luft zugemischt wird. Die Heissgaszuführung erfolgt über einen Heissgasventilator 118. Die entstehenden Rauchgase werden der Brennkammer 78 zugeleitet.The hot aluminum main stream still containing pyrolysis coke R1 is fed via a hot material conveyor 112 and a cellular wheel sluice 114 to a bright annealing unit 116. In this bright annealing unit 116, the remaining pyrolysis coke residues are selectively burned on an oscillating floor through which oxygen-controlled hot gas supply flows. Proportional furnace gases S19 are used as hot gas, to which air is added in accordance with the oxygen content on the exhaust gas side of the annealing unit 116. The hot gas is supplied via a hot gas fan 118. The flue gases that are produced are fed to the combustion chamber 78.

Mit Aluminiumpartikeln verunreinigte Asche R3 wird als Siebdurchgang des Blankglüh-Aggregates 116 vom Aluminium-Hauptstrom abgetrennt und über eine Zellenradschleuse 128 in einen Sammelcontainer 130 abgeworfen.Ash R3 contaminated with aluminum particles is separated from the main aluminum flow as a sieve passage of the bright annealing unit 116 and is thrown into a collecting container 130 via a cellular wheel lock 128.

Das geglühte Material, d.h. blankes Aluminium, wird als Siebrückstand über eine Zellenradschleuse aus dem Blankglüh-Aggregat 116 ausgetragen und danach mittels zweier hintereinander geschalteter Heissgutförderer 122, 124 zur Folienabscheidung in einen Pufferbehälter 126 aufgegeben. Aus diesem wird das Material über einen Stetigförderer 132 einem Sichter 134 zugeführt. Hier werden mittels Schmelzofenabgasen S19 und Luft bei einer Mischtemperatur von ca. 400°C durch Windsichtung Folien aus dem Materialstrom entnommen und anschliessend in einem Heissgaszyklon 136 aus der Sichtluft abgeschieden und über eine Zellenradschleuse 138 in einen Sammelcontainer 140 ausgetragen. Das Heissgas verlässt den Heissgaszyklon 136 über einen Heissgasventilator 137. Die abgeschiedenen Folienbestandteile können einer separaten Verwertung zugeführt werden.The annealed material, i.e. bare aluminum is discharged as a sieve residue from the bright annealing unit 116 via a cellular wheel sluice and then fed into a buffer container 126 by means of two hot material conveyors 122, 124 connected in series for film separation. From this, the material is fed to a classifier 134 via a continuous conveyor 132. Here, foils are removed from the material flow by means of air sifting by means of furnace exhaust gases S19 and air at a mixing temperature of approx. 400 ° C. and then separated from the sifting air in a hot gas cyclone 136 and discharged via a rotary valve 138 into a collecting container 140. The hot gas leaves the hot gas cyclone 136 via a hot gas fan 137. The separated film components can be fed to a separate utilization.

Das bei der Windsichtung anfallende Schwergut, d.h. die verbleibende Aluminiumfraktion, gelangt aus dem Sichter 134 über eine Zellradschleuse 142 auf einen Heissgutförderer 144. Dieser mündet in einer Wechselklappe 146, die den Materialstrom, d.h. blankes Aluminium S13, auf zwei Linien aufteilt. Der eine Teil wird direkt in einen Pufferbehälter 148 abgegeben, der andere Teil gelangt über zwei hintereinander geschaltete Heissgutförderer 150, 152 in einen weiteren Pufferbehälter 154.The heavy material resulting from the wind sifting, ie the remaining aluminum fraction, comes out of the sifter 134 via a cellular wheel lock 142 to a hot material conveyor 144. This ends in an interchangeable flap 146 which divides the material flow, ie bare aluminum S13, into two lines. One part is discharged directly into a buffer container 148, the other part reaches another buffer container 154 via two hot material conveyors 150, 152 connected in series.

Beide Pufferbehälter bzw. Silos 148, 154 beschicken mittels Stetigförderern 156, 158 eine angegliederte Schmelzanlage BE3.Both buffer containers or silos 148, 154 feed an associated melting system BE3 by means of continuous conveyors 156, 158.

Das Pyrolysegas S7 wird aus der Pyrolysetrommel 70 über eine redundante Druckregelung am Ausfallgehäuse 88 entnommen. Die Absaugmenge des Gases richtet sich dabei nach dem Trommelinnendruck.The pyrolysis gas S7 is removed from the pyrolysis drum 70 via a redundant pressure control on the failure housing 88. The amount of gas extracted depends on the internal drum pressure.

Das abgetrennte Pyrolysegas wird auf kürzestem Weg mittels der ebenfalls redundant ausgeführten doppelmantelbeheizten Pyrolysegasleitung 86 der Brennnkammer 78 zugeführt. Der Heizmantel 84 der Pyrolysegasleitung 86 wird hierbei mit Heizmantelabgas der Pyrolysetrommel 70 beaufschlagt.The separated pyrolysis gas is fed to the combustion chamber 78 by the shortest route by means of the double-jacket heated pyrolysis gas line 86. The heating jacket 84 of the pyrolysis gas line 86 is subjected to heating jacket exhaust gas from the pyrolysis drum 70.

Bei der Brennkammer 78 handelt es sich um eine ausgemauerte hochtemperaturfeste Brennkammer (Brennermuffel), in die das Pyrolysegas über eine Ringleitung rückzündsicher aufgegeben wird. Neben Pyrolysegas werden in die Brennkammer 78 Abgase des Blankglühofens (S18), des Windsichters (S20), verbleibende Rauchgasmengen der Schmelzanlage (S19), Abluft der Aufbereitungsanlage (S22) sowie zusätzlich Frischluft eingespeist. Die Einspeisung der Verbrennungsluft erfolgt gestuft auf verschiedenen Ebenen, um eine möglichst NOx-arme Verbrennung zu erreichen.The combustion chamber 78 is a bricked-up, high-temperature-resistant combustion chamber (burner muffle), into which the pyrolysis gas is fed in via a ring line so that it can be re-ignited. In addition to pyrolysis gas, 78 exhaust gases from the bright annealing furnace (S18), the air classifier (S20), remaining flue gas quantities from the melting system (S19), exhaust air from the processing system (S22) and additional fresh air are fed into the combustion chamber. The combustion air is fed in at various levels in order to achieve combustion that is as low in NOx as possible.

Sauerstoffgehalt sowie Temperatur in der Brennkammer 78 werden registrierend überwacht. Es wird eine Brennkammertemperatur von 1200°C gehalten sowie ein Sauerstoffgehalt oberhalb 6% grundsätzlich sichergestellt. Durch die Brennkammergeometrie wird eine Mindestverweilzeit der Rauchgase von 2 sec erreicht. Im An- und Abfahrbetrieb der Anlage wird die Brennkammer mit Erdgas betrieben.The oxygen content and temperature in the combustion chamber 78 are monitored in a registering manner. A combustion chamber temperature of 1200 ° C is maintained as well as an oxygen content above 6% guaranteed in principle. The combustion chamber geometry achieves a minimum dwell time of 2 seconds for the flue gases. In the start-up and shutdown mode of the system, the combustion chamber is operated with natural gas.

Das Brennkammerabgas wird, sofern es nicht als Teilstrom zur Pyrolysetrommelheizung (S8) genutzt wird, der Quenche 160 zugeleitet. Das für die Beheizung genutzte Brennkammerabgas wird erneut der Brennkammer 78 aufgegeben.The combustion chamber exhaust gas, unless it is used as a partial stream for pyrolysis drum heating (S8), is fed to Quenche 160. The combustion chamber exhaust gas used for the heating is again supplied to the combustion chamber 78.

In der Quenche 160 wird das Rauchgas S9 schlagartig auf unter 150°C abgekühlt. Hierdurch wird eine Neubildung polychlorierter p-Dibenzodioxine und Dibenzofurane (PCDD/PCDF) verhindert (Vermeidung einer "de-novo-Synthese"). In Verbindung mit dem bei der Hochtemperaturverbrennung erreichbaren Ausbrand ist eine bestmögliche Verminderung der PCDD/PCDE-Emission durch Primärmassnahmen zu erreichen.In quench 160, the flue gas S9 is suddenly cooled to below 150 ° C. This prevents the formation of new polychlorinated p-dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD / PCDF) (avoiding a "de novo synthesis"). In conjunction with the burnout that can be achieved with high-temperature combustion, the best possible reduction in PCDD / PCDE emissions can be achieved through primary measures.

Die schlagartige Abkühlung wird erreicht durch die Eindüsung einer sehr grossen Wassermenge in den Gasstrom. Diese wird durch eine Quenche-Sumpfpumpe bzw. Wasserzirkulationspumpe 162 umgewälzt, Verdunstungsverluste werden laufend niveaugeregelt in den Quenchesumpf ersetzt. Die über das umgewälzte Wasser aus dem Gasstrom entnommene Wärme wird über einen Wärmetauscher 164 an einen zweiten Wasserkreislauf abgeführt und über die insgesamt drei Kühltürme 102a-c an die Umgebung abgegeben. Zur Sicherstellung der Kühlwirkung ist die Quenche 160 mit einem Notbedüsungssystem ausgerüstet; bei Ausfall der Wasserzirkulationspumpe 162 der Quenche 160 kann über eine zusätzliche Notwasser-Pumpe 163 Wasser in die Quenche 160 eingedüst werden. Bei Stromausfall wird dieses System über die Notstromversorgung weiter betrieben.The sudden cooling is achieved by injecting a very large amount of water into the gas stream. This is circulated by a Quenche sump pump or water circulation pump 162, evaporation losses are constantly replaced in the quench sump in a level-controlled manner. The heat withdrawn from the gas stream via the circulated water is dissipated to a second water circuit via a heat exchanger 164 and is released to the environment via a total of three cooling towers 102a-c. To ensure the cooling effect, the Quenche 160 is equipped with an emergency nozzle system; if the water circulation pump 162 of the quench 160 fails, water can be injected into the quench 160 via an additional emergency water pump 163. In the event of a power failure, this system will continue to be operated via the emergency power supply.

Nach der Quenche 160 gelangt das abgekühlte Abgas S10 zunächst in einen Tropfenabscheider 166 und anschliessend in einen zweistufig ausgeführten Gaswäscher 168a,b. Am Tropfenabscheider 166 anfallende Flüssigkeit wird in den Quenchekreislauf rezirkuliert.After the quench 160, the cooled exhaust gas S10 first passes into a droplet separator 166 and then into a two-stage gas scrubber 168a, b. Liquid accumulating at the droplet separator 166 is in the Quench circuit recirculated.

Das aus der Brennkammer 78 austretende heisse Abgas kann alternativ einer Energienutzung zugeführt werden. Hierzu tritt das Abgas nach dem Austritt aus der Brennkammer 78 in einen Kessel mit Kühlschlangen ein. Das gekühlte Abgas wird der Reinigung zugeführt. Der in den Kühlschlangen auf beispielsweise 400°C erhitzte Wasserdampf wird sodann mit einem Druck von z.B. 38 bar auf einen Generator zur Stromerzeugung geführt.The hot exhaust gas emerging from the combustion chamber 78 can alternatively be supplied for energy use. For this purpose, the exhaust gas enters a boiler with cooling coils after leaving the combustion chamber 78. The cooled exhaust gas is fed to the cleaning system. The water vapor heated in the cooling coils to, for example, 400 ° C is then at a pressure of e.g. 38 bar led to a generator for power generation.

Als Waschflüssigkeitszusatz im Gaswäscher wird Natronlauge S17 eingesetzt; die Einspeisung erfolgt pH-geregelt über eine Natronlauge-Dosierpumpe 170 in den Sumpf bzw. in die Waschlaugenbehälter 175 der beiden Wäscherstufen. Zusätzlich wird niveaugeregelt Frischwasser nachgespeist. Aus dem Wäscherkreislauf sowie dem Quenchewasserkreislauf wird kontinuierlich Schlammwasser mit Wäscherschlamm (R2) ausgeschleust und mittels Wäschersumpfpumpen 172, 174 einer als Dünnschichtverdampfer 176 ausgestalteten Eindampfanlage zugeführt. Die Waschkreisläufe beider Wäscherstufen werden durch redundante Kreislaufpumpen 178, 180 (Stufe 1) und 182, 184 (Stufe 2) betrieben.S17 sodium hydroxide solution is used as a washing liquid additive in the gas scrubber; the feed takes place in a pH-controlled manner via a sodium hydroxide dosing pump 170 into the sump or into the wash liquor container 175 of the two washing stages. In addition, fresh water is replenished under level control. Sludge water with scrubber sludge (R2) is continuously discharged from the scrubber circuit and the quench water circuit and fed to an evaporation system designed as a thin-film evaporator 176 by means of sump pumps 172, 174. The washing circuits of both washing stages are operated by redundant circulation pumps 178, 180 (stage 1) and 182, 184 (stage 2).

Das gewaschene Abgas S11 verlässt die Rauchgasreinigungsanlage mit einer Temperatur von ca. 85°C sowie wasserdampfgesättigt. Um eine bessere Ableitung der Abgase zu erreichen werden daher durch Zuspeisung noch heisser Schmelzabgase auf eine Temperatur von ca. 105 - 110°C angehoben und anschliessend mittels redundant ausgelegtem Abgasventilator über einen Kamin 190 in die freie Luftströmung abgeleitet.The washed exhaust gas S11 leaves the flue gas cleaning system at a temperature of approx. 85 ° C and saturated with water vapor. In order to achieve a better discharge of the exhaust gases, hot melt exhaust gases are fed to a temperature of approx. 105-110 ° C. and then discharged into the free air flow via a chimney 190 by means of a redundantly designed exhaust gas fan.

Aus dem Wäscherschlamm verbleiben nach dessen Eindampfung i.w. Salze sowie Oxide (R2). Diese können, ggf. nach einer Rezepturkorrektur, als Schmelzsalz in der Schmelzanlage BE3 eingesetzt werden.After evaporation, salts and oxides (R2) remain from the laundry sludge. These can be used as melting salt in the BE3 melting system, if necessary after a recipe has been corrected.

Die Schmelzanlage BE3 ist ein Zweikammer-System (open well) und besteht aus einer offenen Chargierkammer 190, 192 mit Vortex-System, einer Pumpe 194, 196, einem Herdofen als Heizkammer sowie einem Rinnensystem.The BE3 melting system is a two-chamber system (open well) and consists of an open charging chamber 190, 192 with a vortex system, a pump 194, 196, a stove as a heating chamber and a channel system.

Vom Herdofen 198, 200 wird flüssiges Metall mit einer Pumpe über eine Rinne in die speziell ausgebildete Chargierkammer 190, 192 gefördert und dort in eine Rotationsbewegung versetzt, wodurch ein Wirbel (Vortex) entsteht.From the hearth furnace 198, 200, liquid metal is conveyed with a pump via a trough into the specially designed charging chamber 190, 192, where it is set into a rotational movement, which creates a vortex.

In das rotierende, flüssige Metall wird über das Dosierfördersystem 156, 158 kontinuierlich festes Aluminium in den Wirbel aufgegeben. Bedingt durch die Rotationsbewegung und den Aufgabepunkt wird das feste Aluimium sofort unter die Badoberfläche gezogen und benetzt. Eine Oxidation des Aluminiums wird weitgehend vermieden.Solid aluminum is continuously fed into the vortex into the rotating, liquid metal via the metering conveyor system 156, 158. Due to the rotational movement and the drop point, the solid aluminum is immediately pulled under the surface of the bath and wetted. Oxidation of the aluminum is largely avoided.

Von der Chargierkammer 190, 192 gelangt der Metallstrom zurück in den Herdofen 198, 200. Dort wird die beim Schmelzvorgang aufgewendete Enthalpie durch Gasbeheizung kompensiert. Hierzu werden Erdgas-Luft-Brenner 202, 204 eingesetzt.The metal stream returns from the charging chamber 190, 192 to the hearth furnace 198, 200. There, the enthalpy used in the melting process is compensated for by gas heating. Natural gas-air burners 202, 204 are used for this.

Oxide und Salze bleiben beim Schmelzvorgang auf der Badoberfläche als metallreiche Krätze zurück. In einem betriebsbedingten Rhythmus wird der Herdofen 198, 200 abgekrätzt.Oxides and salts remain as metal-rich dross on the bath surface during the melting process. The hearth furnace 198, 200 is scrapped in an operational rhythm.

Das schmelzflüssige Aluminium wird chargenweise entweder mit Flüssigmetalltiegel 206, 208 und Transportwagen der Giesserei zugeführt oder über eine Giessgruppe 210, 212 in Formate abgegossen.The molten aluminum is either fed in batches with liquid metal crucibles 206, 208 and transport trolleys to the foundry or poured into formats via a casting group 210, 212.

Die Schmelzleistung der Anlage ist beispielsweise so ausgelegt, dass insgesamt max. 5 t/h erschmolzen werden können (jeweils 2,5 t/h pro Schmelzaggregat); diese Leistung wird dann gefahren, wenn nur Material mit wenig organischen Anhaftungen pyrolysiert wird. Im Mittel werden etwa 3,4 t/h erschmolzen.The melting capacity of the system is designed, for example, so that a total of max. 5 t / h can be melted (2.5 t / h per melting unit); this performance is achieved if only material with little organic buildup is pyrolyzed. On average, about 3.4 t / h are melted.

Das erzeugte Metall wird entsprechend seiner Legierungszusammensetzung charakterisiert und verarbeitet.The metal produced is characterized and processed according to its alloy composition.

Claims (11)

  1. Process for recovery of aluminium from materials contaminated with organic compounds, where the organic compounds are carbonized by pyrolysis under formation of pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis coke, and the materials pretreated in this way are melted,
    characterized in that
    the pyrolysis coke is separated from the pretreated materials before bright annealing.
  2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the bright annealed materials are sorted before melting to separate out foil residue.
  3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pyrolysis gas is combusted and the hot waste gas used at least in part in a closed circuit as heat energy for the pyrolysis, and where applicable to heat pyrolysis gas lines and vaporizers.
  4. Process according to claim 3, characterized in that the pyrolysis gas is combusted at a temperature of at least 1200°C and waste gas extracted from the circuit is then quenched to a temperature of less than 150°C.
  5. Process according to claim 4, characterized in that the cooled gas is washed out, the washing fluid is vaporized and the vaporization residue, where applicable after recipe correction, can be used as a melting salt for melting the bright annealed materials.
  6. Plant for performance of a process according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it has a pyrolysis drum (70) with a precipitation housing (88), and arranged in this a sieve section (90) for separation of fine goods, a bright annealing device (116) decoupled from the pyrolysis drum (70), and connected after this a melting plant (BE3) for melting the bright annealed materials.
  7. Plant according to claim 6, characterized in that the pyrolysis drum (70) projects with an end part (71) formed as a sieve into the precipitation housing (88) for separation of fine goods.
  8. Plant according to claim 7, characterized in that the sieve section (90) arranged below the end part (71) can be formed as an adjustable flap.
  9. Plant according to any of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that between the bright annealing device (116) and the melting plant (BE3) can be arranged a separator (134) for extracting foil residue from the material flow.
  10. Plant according to any of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the bright annealing device (116) and/or the separator (134) can be heated by means of a mixture of melting oven waste gases (S19) and air.
  11. Plant according to any of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the melting plant (BE3) is designed as a two-chamber system with an open charging chamber (190, 192) with vortex system, and with an open-hearth furnace (198, 200) as the heating chamber.
EP19950810799 1995-12-15 1995-12-15 Method and installation for the recovery of aluminium from wastes and residues Expired - Lifetime EP0780481B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

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EP19950810799 EP0780481B1 (en) 1995-12-15 1995-12-15 Method and installation for the recovery of aluminium from wastes and residues
DE59509622T DE59509622D1 (en) 1995-12-15 1995-12-15 Process and plant for the recovery of aluminum from waste and residues
AT95810799T ATE205887T1 (en) 1995-12-15 1995-12-15 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR RECOVERING ALUMINUM FROM WASTE AND RESIDUES

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EP19950810799 EP0780481B1 (en) 1995-12-15 1995-12-15 Method and installation for the recovery of aluminium from wastes and residues

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EP1111077A1 (en) * 1999-12-24 2001-06-27 ALUMINIUM RHEINFELDEN GmbH Aluminium alloy produced from scrap metal and casting alloy so produced
CN105420504B (en) * 2015-12-31 2017-11-24 衢州市荣胜环保科技有限公司 A kind of metal solid waste recovery processing equipment
AT520225B1 (en) 2017-07-25 2021-08-15 Seccon Gmbh Process for the recovery of valuable materials from waste products
CN112195349B (en) * 2020-10-10 2022-06-24 江西邦展建筑模板科技有限公司 Aluminum alloy recycling device for building solid waste
DE102020132240A1 (en) 2020-12-03 2022-06-09 Loi Thermprocess Gmbh Process for the recovery of aluminum from aluminum scrap and multi-chamber melting furnace

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US3272619A (en) * 1963-07-23 1966-09-13 Metal Pumping Services Inc Apparatus and process for adding solids to a liquid
DE1205704B (en) * 1964-05-30 1965-11-25 Dr Josef Blanderer Process for the suppression and recovery of highly dispersed salt mist, such as those produced in particular when aluminum waste is remelted
US3697257A (en) * 1969-11-07 1972-10-10 Horizons Research Inc Scrap recovery process
US4264060A (en) * 1977-02-25 1981-04-28 Automated Production Systems Corporation Apparatus for treating metallic scrap in the recovery of metal therefrom
DE3205366C2 (en) * 1982-02-16 1984-06-07 Deutsche Kommunal-Anlagen Miete GmbH, 8000 München Discharge device for a rotary kiln
US4394166A (en) * 1982-05-28 1983-07-19 The William L. Bonnell Company Scrap metal recovery process
US5059116A (en) * 1988-12-16 1991-10-22 Gillespie & Powers, Inc. Apparatus and process for removing volatile coatings from scrap metal
GB2229800B (en) * 1989-03-28 1993-08-04 Stein Atkinson Strody Ltd Scrap recovery apparatus
TW221462B (en) 1991-06-28 1994-03-01 Stein Atkinson Strody Ltd
DE4237161C2 (en) * 1992-11-04 1995-11-30 Ellinghaus Umweltschutzanlagen Device for processing aluminum-containing materials

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