EP0777628A1 - Procede ameliore concernant l'extraction d'alumine a partir de la bauxite - Google Patents

Procede ameliore concernant l'extraction d'alumine a partir de la bauxite

Info

Publication number
EP0777628A1
EP0777628A1 EP95928901A EP95928901A EP0777628A1 EP 0777628 A1 EP0777628 A1 EP 0777628A1 EP 95928901 A EP95928901 A EP 95928901A EP 95928901 A EP95928901 A EP 95928901A EP 0777628 A1 EP0777628 A1 EP 0777628A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
digestion
liquor
boehmite
gibbsite
fraction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95928901A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0777628A4 (fr
Inventor
Darren Paul Rodda
Raymond Walter Shaw
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rio Tinto Aluminium Ltd
Original Assignee
Comalco Aluminum Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Comalco Aluminum Ltd filed Critical Comalco Aluminum Ltd
Publication of EP0777628A1 publication Critical patent/EP0777628A1/fr
Publication of EP0777628A4 publication Critical patent/EP0777628A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
    • C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
    • C01F7/04—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
    • C01F7/06—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
    • C01F7/062—Digestion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
    • C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
    • C01F7/46—Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates
    • C01F7/47—Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates of aluminates, e.g. removal of compounds of Si, Fe, Ga or of organic compounds from Bayer process liquors

Definitions

  • This invention relates to processes for the extraction of alumina from bauxite, and particularly to improvements in double digestion processes for the extraction of alumina from bauxite.
  • the invention provides a process for the extraction of alumina from bauxite having a relatively high boehmite content including the steps of digestion of the gibbsite fraction of the bauxite, solid/liquid separation and digestion of the boehmite fraction, said process being characterised by relatively fast low temperature digestion of the gibbsite fraction to give a high A/C ratio liquor, negligible boehmite reversion, substantially complete kaolinite dissolution and substantially no precipitation of desilication product (DSP) in digestion, and a two stage post-desilication including the removal of some of the silica in a first stage followed by removal of substantially all of the remaining silica in a second stage by the use of tricalcium aluminate to reduce losses of alumina and lowering of the A/C ratio of the pregnant liquor.
  • DSP desilication product
  • digestion of the gibbsite fraction is conducted over a period of about 0.5 minutes to 5 minutes, preferably about 2 to 2.5 minutes, at a temperature substantially falling within the range 120°C to 160°C, preferably about 135 to 145°C, to an A/C ratio of 0.70 to 0.80, preferably about 0.75.
  • the process can operate at A/C ratios less than 0.70 or over a wider temperature range but efficiency is reduced.
  • the process is preferably carried out at caustic soda levels (expressed as Na : C0 3 ) from 200 g/L to 450 g/L and most preferably from 300 g/L to 350 g/L.
  • caustic soda levels expressed as Na : C0 3
  • the use of higher caustic soda levels allows higher pregnant liquor A/C's to be achieved without reaching the solubility limit of the alumina. This assists in preventing gibbsite precipitation during the solid liquid separation and desilication stages particularly where these are carried out at atmospheric pressure.
  • Use of lower temperatures for the DSP seeded post desilication can be advantageous in that the DSP formed at these temperatures has a lower caustic soda content and this reduces the loss of caustic soda from the circuit.
  • This high caustic soda level also increases the solubility of the hydroxysodalite which allows more silica to remain in the liquor which can be detrimental to subsequent operations where the dilution needed to reduce the caustic soda level prior to precipitation also destabilises the silica.
  • the use of the two stage post-desilication with TCA treatment overcomes this problem.
  • a rapid solid/liquid separation process is applied to the product of the gibbsite digestion process to substantially prevent precipitation of DSP and gibbsite. This step can either be carried out at the digestion temperature (as taught in Alcan 's patent) or after cooling to boiling point in cases where the residue has sufficiently good settling characteristics to allow rapid separation.
  • the bauxite processed according to the above definitions can be subjected to grinding to expose the gibbsite, it is preferred that the bauxite is only crushed or lightly ground if necessary and is not subjected to a fine grinding step, essential to other processes, such as that proposed by Alcan in WO 94/18122.
  • the avoidance of fine grinding assists in the solid/liquid separation and is most beneficial where this separation is carried out at atmospheric pressure.
  • the absence of the need for grinding can also simplify the equipment used and improve heat exchange efficiency particularly where the bauxite is not slurried prior to addition to the digester, as required by the Alcan process just referred to.
  • the bauxite as mined is often suitable for processing without even a crushing step. It has been found that particle sizes up to about 10mm are capable of being subjected to satisfactory extraction processes. In the preferred two stage process small amounts of unreacted gibbsite can be extracted during the subsequent boehmite digestion and are recovered.
  • a particle size of greater than 200 ⁇ m and preferably between about 200 ⁇ m and about 1mm has been found to be preferable to assist in subsequent removal of quartz prior to boehmite extraction if this step is desired.
  • the slurry residue from the initial digestion stage may also be lightly ground to assist in providing a more efficient separation of the quartz and to assist in improving the boehmite digestion step.
  • the residue from the gibbsite digestion is treated to recover the alumina contained as boehmite, and any incompletely digested gibbsite, which has not been attacked.
  • the exact process used depends upon the amount of boehmite present and the level and physical nature of any quartz present.
  • the invention provides a process for the extraction of alumina from bauxite having a gibbsite fraction and a boehmite fraction, including the steps of digestion of the gibbsite fraction, solid/liquid separation and digestion of the boehmite fraction, said process being characterised by digestion of the boehmitic fraction by digestion of a boehmite containing mud slurry at a low temperature using spent liquor having a low A/C ratio and a caustic soda content of from 250-450 g/L and preferably from 300-350 g/L.
  • the moderate A/C ratio liquor separated from the boehmite digestion stage is used for the low temperature digestion of the gibbsite fraction defined above.
  • the boehmite digestion stage is preferably conducted for a period of about 2 to 120 minutes at a temperature of about 150°C to 200°C to yield an A/C ratio of about 0.4 to 0.6. It has been determined that by using specialist equipment which improves the solid/liquid contact and increases the exposure of the boehmite to the liquor the recovery can become acceptable at temperatures as low as 150°C.
  • One example of the equipment suitable is the stirred mill such as provided by Metprotech.
  • the temperature chosen for the step is preferably set by the solubility requirement rather than the reaction kinetics through having the correct combination of equipment and physical properties of the boehmite containing residue to be digested.
  • the solubility needed in turn depends upon the alumina level in the spent liquor being used and the total amount of alumina desired to be extracted from the solids.
  • the use of the spent liquor to prepare TCA, as described further below, further helps in lowering the temperature needed.
  • the preferred method is to use hydrocyclones or similar separators to take out the quartz particles which are coarser than the boehmite minerals.
  • This step is preferably carried out under pressure to avoid the need to cool the liquor. Part of the spent liquor can be mixed with the residue from the pressure decanter to give a slurry more suitable for the separation.
  • this step is included or not depends upon the level of quartz present, its reactivity under the conditions chosen for the boehmite digestion, and the efficiency possible in the separation step. The quartz attack does not interfere with the process and therefore treatment to remove it is purely an economic consideration.
  • the pregnant liquor produced by the gibbsite extraction stage is much too high in silica, being already supersaturated, to be fed to precipitation for recovery of the alumina.
  • Removal of this silica through formation of a desilication product such as sodalite by seeding with desilication product is conventionally practised and carrying this step out either at atmospheric pressure or under pressure at elevated temperatures is disclosed in the Alcan U.S. Patent.
  • the limitation of the prior art technology is that the solubility of the silica is relatively high and is dependant upon the levels of caustic and alumina in the liquor. It has been found that at the caustic and alumina levels preferred to give the desired productivity from the digestion the residual silica levels from conventional desilication are unacceptably high.
  • the invention provides a process for the extraction of alumina from bauxite containing gibbsite and boehmite by digestion of the gibbsite and boehmite fractions of the bauxite, characterised by one or more desilication steps in which tricalcium aluminate is added to pregnant liquor to remove silica therefrom, said process being characterised by the step of producing tricalcium aluminate from spent liquor by the addition of a suitable calcium containing compound such as lime to the spent liquor.
  • the gibbsite and boehmite fractions are separated in separate process steps, and the pregnant liquor produced by the gibbsite extraction step is subjected to post-desilication in accordance with the above definition.
  • the pregnant liquor is subjected to primary and secondary post-desilication, the primary desilication step preferably being achieved by subjecting the pregnant liquor to hydroxysodalite seed to reduce the silica concentration close to the solubility of hydroxysodalite.
  • the secondary desilication step preferably involves the use of tricalcium aluminate to remove the majority of the remaining silica as hydrogarnet.
  • the invention further provides a process for removing silica from Bayer process liquors comprising the step of introducing tricalciumaluminate into the liquor at a concentration necessary to convert at least some of the silica in the liquor to hydrogarnet.
  • the liquor to which tricalciumaluminate is introduced is to pregnant liquor, the tricalciumaluminate preferably being produced in the spent liquor to reduce the amount of alumina in the spent liquor and to reduce the amount of silica in the spent liquor.
  • the invention provides a process for the extraction of alumina from bauxite including the steps of digestion of the gibbsite fraction, solid/liquid separation and digestion of the boehmite fraction, said process being characterised by subjecting the liquid fraction from the gibbsite digestion stage to post-desilication in the presence of hydroxysodalite seed to reduce the silica concentration close to the solubility of hydroxysodalite.
  • the liquid fraction is subjected to a secondary desilication process in which tricalciumaluminate (TCA) is used to remove the majority of the remaining silica as hydrogarnet.
  • TCA tricalciumaluminate
  • the TCA is used to change the solubility of the silica species from being controlled by that of the hydroxysodalite to that of the hydrogarnet.
  • Other calcium containing species can also achieve this (e.g. lime. Grossular, Dolomite) and can also be employed but do not appear to be as commercially attractive as TCA.
  • the post-desilication stages are preferably carried out at a temperature substantially falling within the range 80° to 160°C.
  • TCA is preferably prepared externally and in this way the alumina and calcium needed are being fed to the liquor so only the silica is being removed.
  • TCA can be prepared in a number of ways all of which involve reacting lime with alumina generally in a caustic solution. In the industry this has most commonly been done using pregnant liquor (for example U.S. Patent 4518571 assigned to VAMI) which has a high alumina content and the reaction readily goes to completion.
  • spent liquor is used to produce the TCA. This avoids loss of potential product alumina in the pregnant liquor and also lowers the alumina level in the spent liquor to allow it to dissolve more alumina from the boehmite in the gibbsite digestion residue.
  • a further advantage of preparing TCA in spent liquor is that residual silica can be removed thus reducing scaling during reheating of the liquor for the boehmite digestion stage. In certain configurations this procedure of adding lime to spent liquor may be applied solely to reduce this scaling rather than to provide TCA for desilicating pregnant liquor. In that application the resultant desilication product may be allowed to remain with the liquor and return to the digestion rather than be separated out.
  • a complexity in using spent liquor to produce TCA is that the ratio of lime to liquor has to be carefully controlled to ensure complete reaction as if the liquor is depleted too much in alumina the TCA species become soluble and the transformation is incomplete.
  • the situation is further complicated by the fact that high dissolved Na 2 C0 3 concentrations in the liquor can cause formation of CaC0 3 rather than TCA.
  • TCA prepared externally with spent liquor for control of the final residual silica level in pregnant liquor is applicable to any circuit but is particularly useful for operations running with high caustic and alumina levels where the silica solubility for the normal sodalite is high. In these circuits the solubility change across the precipitation stage is sufficiently high to cause problems of silica scaling and contamination. The addition point of this step will depend upon the plant arrangement but would most probably be during the final stages of the liquor cooling where the system is above boiling point and under pressure. The desilication reactions proceed more rapidly at higher temperatures.
  • the preferred lime/spent liquor ratio depends upon the temperature and liquor composition with 10 grams of CaO per one litre of spent liquor being preferred at 100°C for liquor of CS * 240 g/L and A/C of 0.40.
  • the upper limit is dependant upon the solubility of TCA and avoiding excess residual lime.
  • the tricalciumaluminate is separately produced from spent liquor and lime, although other processes may be used.
  • the invention provides an improved processing method for boehmite containing bauxites which does allow for operation at lower temperature whilst giving higher productivity, reduction in the caustic losses due to silica, and reduced scaling due to silica throughout the entire circuit.
  • Figure 1 is a process flowsheet which conceptually details the process steps of the preferred embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 is a graph of the liquor A/C achieved in experimental trial runs testing the process embodying the invention
  • Figure 3 details the liquor caustic after digestion for the experimental trial runs referred to above;
  • Figure 4 details the gibbsite extraction achieved in the experimental trial runs referred to above;
  • Figure 5 details the boehmite mass in bauxite and in mud for the experimental trial runs referred to above;
  • Figure 6 details the kaolinite dissolution achieved in the experimental trial runs referred to above
  • Figure 7 details the liquor Si0 2 /CS ratio after digestion for the experimental trial runs referred to above;
  • Figure 8 is a graph showing liquor A/C, liquor SiOVCS and Na 2 0/Si0 2 mud ratio achieved in different experimental trials over the indicated time period;
  • Figure 9 is a graph showing the distribution of red mud components after digestion.
  • Figure 10 is a graph showing changes in soda/silica ratio with temperature for various Na ; C0 3 levels. Description of Preferred Embodiment
  • the notable steps of the flowsheet are the short residence time, narrow temperature range gibbsite digestion at high caustic soda levels, the use of two stage post- desilication with the second step employing tricalciumaluminate and the silica containing residue being separated for further treatment if desired; the preparation of the TCA from spent liquor to minimise the alumina losses from the pregnant liquor, to provide a lower alumina content spent liquor for the boehmite digestion and to reduce the silica content of spent liquor and reduce scaling; boehmite digestion at lower temperature and/or lower residence times than is normally achieved; and separation of the quartz from the gibbsite digestion residue to avoid attack in the boehmite digestion.
  • the gibbsite to boehmite transition temperature is predicted to be around 100°C. However, the rate of conversion is exceedingly slow at this temperature.
  • the experimental data presented in Figure 8 supports the viability of a fast low temperature digestion of the gibbsite fraction to give a high A C ratio liquor, substantially complete kaolinite dissolution, and prevention of DSP precipitation.
  • Digestion of bauxite under conditions specified above is sufficient to dissolve the majority of kaolinite present but insufficient to allow significant formation of DSP provided a rapid solid/liquid separation is possible. Hence, bound soda losses to the red mud are minimised. As a consequence, however, the resulting liquor is very high in silica and requires post-desilication prior to precipitation.
  • TCA 2NaOH + C0 2 ⁇ Na,C0 3 + H 2 0
  • lOg of lime was added to spent liquor (240 g/L CS, 0.65 g/L Si0 2 , A/C 0.40) and reacted at the desired temperature for one hour.
  • the spent liquor may typically have an A/C ratio of 0.30 to 0.40, more particularly 0.35 to 0.40, and this provides sufficient alumina for the production of the required amounts of TCA.
  • the XRD analysis of the solid products show that there are varying amounts of impurities in each of the trials (Table 2).
  • the major phase in each of the samples is Ca 3 Al 2 (OH) 12 .
  • TCA 6 Major Reference Trace Minor Trace
  • the XRD results show that TCA was the major phase in the solid produced at all temperatures investigated. Only trace amounts of 4CaO.Al 2 0 3 .C0 2 . l lH 2 0 were present. The XRD pattern indicated that excess lime was also present in the solid product. From the experiments conducted it can be concluded that a high purity TCA can be formed in spent liquor.
  • the main impurities are Ca(OH) 2 , CaC0 3 and 4CaO.Al 2 0 3 .C0 2 . l lH 2 0. Temperature has no significant influence over the formation of TCA.
  • TCA also concurrently removes the silica from the liquor effectively desi Heating the spent liquor.
  • quartz removal preferably takes place prior to the boehmite digestion stage. This is preferably achieved by the use of a conventional physical separation step. This is possible because the size distributions of the quartz and other mud components after the gibbsite digestion stage, as detailed in the graph of Figure 9, indicates that quartz remains in the course fraction. Therefore size separation using standard physical separation techniques, such as cyclones and screens, allows between 80% and 90% of the quartz to be removed with much less loss of the boehmite. Boehmite Extraction
  • the liquor is subjected to post-desilication in the presence of hydroxysodalite seed to reduce the silica concentration close to the solubility of hydroxysodalite.
  • the boehmitic mud slurry is digested at low temperature in spent liquor of low A/C ratio to a moderate final A/C ratio.
  • the moderate A/C ratio liquor is used for the gibbsite extraction operation.
  • Liquor from post-desilication is subjected to a secondary desilication using TCA to remove the majority of remaining silica as hydrogarnet.
  • TCA to be used for secondary desilication is produced by reaction of spent liquor with lime. Traces of silica in spent liquor are removed and the A/C ratio is lowered which facilitates low temperature extraction of boehmite.

Abstract

Un procédé, qui permet d'extraire l'alumine à partir d'une bauxite à relativement forte teneur en boehmite, consiste en des étapes de digestion de la fraction de gibbsite contenue dans la bauxite pendant environ 2 à 2,5 minutes, à une température d'environ 135 à 145 °C et selon un rapport A/C d'environ 0,76, pour parvenir à une réversion de boehmite négligeable, à une dissolution pratiquement complète de la kaolinite et à une précipitation pratiquement nulle de produits de désiliciage. Ce procédé consiste ensuite à soumettre la fraction liquide provenant de l'étape de digestion de gibbsite à un post-désiliciage en présence de germes d'hydroxysodalite pour ramener la concentration en silice près de la solubilité d l'hydroxysodalite, puis à soumettre cette fraction liquide à un désiliciage secondaire à l'aide d'un aluminate de tricalcium produit à part par l'adjonction de chaux à une liqueur épuisée pour minimiser les pertes d'alumine à partir de la liqueur sursaturée et réduire la teneur en silice de la liqueur épuisée afin de limiter l'entartrage, puis à soumettre le résidu de digestion de gibbsite à une étape de digestion supplémentaire pour digérer la boehmite, cette digestion de la fraction de boehmite intervenant à une température plus basse et/ou pendant un temps de résidence plus court qu'il n'est habituel.
EP95928901A 1994-08-23 1995-08-23 Procede ameliore concernant l'extraction d'alumine a partir de la bauxite Withdrawn EP0777628A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPM7611A AUPM761194A0 (en) 1994-08-23 1994-08-23 Improved process for the extraction of alumina from bauxite
AUPM7611/94 1994-08-23
PCT/AU1995/000526 WO1996006043A1 (fr) 1994-08-23 1995-08-23 Procede ameliore concernant l'extraction d'alumine a partir de la bauxite

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0777628A1 true EP0777628A1 (fr) 1997-06-11
EP0777628A4 EP0777628A4 (fr) 1999-06-09

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95928901A Withdrawn EP0777628A4 (fr) 1994-08-23 1995-08-23 Procede ameliore concernant l'extraction d'alumine a partir de la bauxite

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0777628A4 (fr)
AU (1) AUPM761194A0 (fr)
BR (1) BR9508761A (fr)
CA (1) CA2197457A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996006043A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AUPO376296A0 (en) * 1996-11-20 1996-12-12 Comalco Aluminium Limited Removal of silica from bauxite
US6528028B2 (en) * 1999-12-28 2003-03-04 Showa Denko K.K. Process for treating bauxite in which a desilication product and an insoluble residure are separately precipitated
FR2860782B1 (fr) * 2003-10-10 2006-09-29 Pechiney Aluminium Procede pour reduire l'encrassement des echangeurs thermiques d'un circuit bayer
US8029752B2 (en) 2009-04-06 2011-10-04 Nalco Company Approach in controlling DSP scale in bayer process
US9487408B2 (en) 2009-09-25 2016-11-08 Nalco Company Reducing aluminosilicate scale in the bayer process
US9416020B2 (en) 2009-09-25 2016-08-16 Nalco Company Surfactant based small molecules for reducing aluminosilicate scale in the bayer process
CN106542553B (zh) * 2015-09-21 2018-05-22 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 一种氧化铝生产中三水铝石矿的溶出工艺方法
CN110563011A (zh) * 2019-09-12 2019-12-13 西南能矿集团股份有限公司 一种氧化铝制备用的脱硅剂及其制备方法

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US4518571A (en) * 1984-02-27 1985-05-21 Vsesojuzny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky I Proektny Institut Aljuminievo Magnievoi I Elektrodnoi Promyshlennosti Process for desilication of aluminate liquors in the production of alumina
WO1994002416A1 (fr) * 1992-07-24 1994-02-03 Comalco Aluminium Limited Procede d'extraction d'alumine de la bauxite

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US4324769A (en) * 1979-10-01 1982-04-13 Alumina Development Corporation Extraction and production of alumina containing less than 0.03 percent iron oxide
JPS57145029A (en) * 1981-02-27 1982-09-07 Sumitomo Alum Smelt Co Ltd Extracting method of alumina from mixed type bauxite
US4446117A (en) * 1983-04-04 1984-05-01 Alumina Development Corporation Double digestion system to reduce formation of ferrous iron
CA1330865C (fr) * 1989-01-31 1994-07-26 George Dennison Fulford Procede de production d'alumine a partir de bauxite
GB8906500D0 (en) * 1989-03-21 1989-05-04 Shell Int Research Process for the production of aluminium hydroxide from bauxite
AU668979B2 (en) * 1992-07-24 1996-05-23 Comalco Aluminium Limited Extracting alumina from bauxite
FR2712275B1 (fr) * 1993-11-09 1995-12-15 Pechiney Aluminium Procédé de traitement de bauxites contenant un mélange de trihydrate d'alumine et de monohydrate d'alumine.

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US4518571A (en) * 1984-02-27 1985-05-21 Vsesojuzny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky I Proektny Institut Aljuminievo Magnievoi I Elektrodnoi Promyshlennosti Process for desilication of aluminate liquors in the production of alumina
WO1994002416A1 (fr) * 1992-07-24 1994-02-03 Comalco Aluminium Limited Procede d'extraction d'alumine de la bauxite

Non-Patent Citations (3)

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Title
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 101, no. 24, 10 December 1984 Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 213412, SHMIGIDIN, YU. I. ET AL: "Decomposition of high-modulus aluminate solutions from the pilot-plant treatment of nepheline rocks of the Sea of Azov region" XP002081109 & KHIM. TEKHNOL. (KIEV) (1984), (2), 18-20 CODEN: KHMTA6;ISSN: 0368-556X, *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class E33, AN 71-53735S XP002081110 & SU 218 855 A (ALUMINIUM, MAGNESIUM AND) *
See also references of WO9606043A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AUPM761194A0 (en) 1994-09-15
CA2197457A1 (fr) 1996-02-29
BR9508761A (pt) 1998-01-13
WO1996006043A1 (fr) 1996-02-29
EP0777628A4 (fr) 1999-06-09

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