Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B10/00—Drill bits
  • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
  • E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
  • E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B10/00—Drill bits
  • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
  • E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
  • E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
  • E21B10/573—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts characterised by support details, e.g. the substrate construction or the interface between the substrate and the cutting element

Definitions

• One-piece drill bit cutter is
• the present invention relates to cutting or cutting elements intended to be fixed to monoblock drilling tools used in drilling rock formations, for example in oil wells, or in drilling cement.
• a conventional cutter 10, as illustrated in FIG. 1 attached generally comprises a support 12 in the form of a cylindrical stud made of cemented metal carbide, for example tungsten carbide, and provided at one of its ends with a surface inclined plane 14 on which is fixed, for example by brazing, a plate-shaped layer 16 formed from a mixture of fine particles of polycrystalline diamond or PDC, cobalt powder and tungsten carbide. Said mixture is subjected to very high pressure and temperature, which causes it to sinter and bond to the support. The cutters thus produced are then fixed on the head of the drilling tool 18, for example by crimping in blind holes 20 pre-drilled on the head.
• a cutter of this type is described for example in US patents 4,073,354, 4,098,353 and 4,156,329.
• the cutter 10 is positioned relative to the rock formation 22, as shown in FIG. 1: the face free plate 24 of the plate 16 made with the normal N at the surface 25 of the rock formation an acute angle ⁇ , oriented in the opposite direction to the direction of movement F of the cutting edge, so that the plate 16 attacks the formation by its face flat 24.
• This cutter has a mode of operation by compression of the diamond face, that is to say that, as shown in Figure 1, the rock exerts a pressure on the flat diamond face 24. It forms a chip of rock 26 which breaks in front of said face.
• said force generally causes vibratory phenomena harmful to the life of the tool.
• the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks and to this end it relates to a solid tool cutter for drilling a rock formation, of the type comprising a support made of cemented metal carbide, fixed on the tool and to which is linked, for example by brazing, a cylindrical disc-shaped insert formed on the basis of polycrystalline diamond particles and provided with a side wall and a substantially flat free face, said cutting edge being characterized in that the insert is positioned so that the plane of its flat face makes with the normal to the surface of the rock formation an acute angle, oriented in the same direction as the direction of movement of the tool, so that the insert attacks the rock formation by its wall lateral.
• This position of the wafer which is substantially 90 ° relative to that which it has in the conventional cutting edge of FIG.
• the wafer no longer works with its free face in contact with the chip, but with its cylindrical side wall (all along its thickness) in contact with the formation.
• the chip which forms is therefore no longer in contact with the flat face but with the cylindrical wall of the wafer.
• the plate breaks the rock not only by shearing but also by punching;
• FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a cutter according to the prior art, crimped in a monoblock drilling tool which is only partially shown;
• Figure 2 is a sectional view of a cutter along
• Figure 3 is a sectional view of a cutter along a second embodiment of the invention
• Figure 4 is a sectional view of a cutting edge according to a third embodiment of the invention
• Figure 5 is a sectional view of a cutter according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
• the cutting edge 28 of the invention illustrated by FIG. 2 comprises a cylindrical support 30 made of cemented tungsten carbide, fixed in a blind hole 20 drilled in the one-piece tool 18. It has an inclined flat face 32 on which is fixed, by brazing or the like, a PDC plate 34 in the form of a cylindrical disc.
• the free face 36 of the insert makes with the normal N on the surface 25 of the rock formation an acute angle ⁇ oriented in the same direction as the direction of movement F of the cutting edge.
• the position of the plate according to FIG. 2 is practically 90 ° relative to that of FIG. 1 and makes it possible to work with ⁇ inclinations of the face 36
• the inclination ⁇ can vary between 0 and 25 °.
• the wafer works with its cylindrical side wall 40 over its entire thickness. It therefore operates a punching of the rock at its lowest point P at the same time as a shear.
• the cutter 34 has a uniform thickness and for reasons of economy, its thickness is relatively small, of the order of 0.5 to 1 mm.
• the cutting thickness h will therefore also be small.
• the cutter according to this embodiment will therefore be used essentially to work on semi-hard to hard terrains.
• the maximum amount of PDC is concentrated in the peripheral portion of the cutter.
• the peripheral groove can be given a much greater depth than the thickness of the standard plates. Tools crimped with such cutters will be able to drill a greater range of hardnesses in the ground. In addition, these cutters will have a longer service life than those in Figure 1.
• straight ribs and grooves can be replaced by any protruding and recessed relief.
• the ring 52 can be even thicker and higher than in the embodiment of FIG. 3.
• the tool provided with such cutting edges can therefore drill formations going from the most tender to the hardest.
• Another advantage of this cutter is that the core 56 of tungsten carbide can be drilled with a hole 58 to place a screw by means of which the cutter can be fixed to the body of the tool.
• the cutter is frustoconical and has, as in the embodiment of Figure 4, a PDC ring 60 at the periphery of its large base.
• the side wall of the ring coincides with the frustoconical wall of the cutting edge.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Earth Drilling (AREA)
• Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
• Drilling Tools (AREA)
• Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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ID=9480096

Family Applications (1)

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Families Citing this family (12)

Family Cites Families (15)

• 1995
  • 1995-06-16 FR FR9507240A patent/FR2735522B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1996
  • 1996-06-07 AU AU63081/96A patent/AU712588B2/en not_active Expired
  • 1996-06-07 US US08/793,726 patent/US5823277A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-06-07 WO PCT/FR1996/000861 patent/WO1997000372A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1996-06-07 RU RU97104071/03A patent/RU2166608C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1996-06-07 CA CA002197351A patent/CA2197351C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-06-07 EP EP96922074A patent/EP0776409B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-06-07 DE DE69609478T patent/DE69609478T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-06-14 AR ARP960103164A patent/AR002487A1/es unknown
  • 1996-06-14 CO CO96031227A patent/CO4520157A1/es unknown
• 1997
  • 1997-02-14 NO NO19970687A patent/NO310312B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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