EP0776272A1 - Mordants for ink-jet receptors sheets - Google Patents
Mordants for ink-jet receptors sheetsInfo
- Publication number
- EP0776272A1 EP0776272A1 EP96902085A EP96902085A EP0776272A1 EP 0776272 A1 EP0776272 A1 EP 0776272A1 EP 96902085 A EP96902085 A EP 96902085A EP 96902085 A EP96902085 A EP 96902085A EP 0776272 A1 EP0776272 A1 EP 0776272A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mordants
- mordant
- carbon atoms
- ink
- alkyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C8/00—Diffusion transfer processes or agents therefor; Photosensitive materials for such processes
- G03C8/42—Structural details
- G03C8/52—Bases or auxiliary layers; Substances therefor
- G03C8/56—Mordant layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
- B41M5/52—Macromolecular coatings
- B41M5/5245—Macromolecular coatings characterised by the use of polymers containing cationic or anionic groups, e.g. mordants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
- C08G65/333—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C08G65/33303—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen containing amino group
- C08G65/33306—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen containing amino group acyclic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
- C08G65/335—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing phosphorus
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
- G03C1/825—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by antireflection means or visible-light filtering means, e.g. antihalation
- G03C1/835—Macromolecular substances therefor, e.g. mordants
Definitions
- This invention relates to mordants for ink-jet receptors and the like and more particularly, it relates to various types of novel mordants based upon a poly(alkylene oxide) backbone.
- Mordants well-known in the photographic art, generally comprise materials containing quaternary ammonium groups as disclosed in U.S. Pat.
- Quaternary phosphonium groups have also been incorporated with certain polymer backbones to obtain different classes of mordants such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,547,649; 4,820,608; and 4,855,211; and
- the basic polymeric mordants useful to mordant a dye in a hydrophilic colloidal layer between a base and a photographic emulsion layer disclosed in
- R is hydrogen or a methyl group
- A is a -COO- or a -COO- alkylene group, e.g., -COOCH 2 -, -COOCH 2 CH 2 -, -COOCHOHCH 2 -
- R 2 is a hydrogen or a lower alkyl group having from 1-4 carbon atoms
- X ⁇ is an anion, e.g. , acetate, oxalate, sulfate, chloride, or bromide.
- Mordant I can comprise units derived from vinylic monomers, for example, acrylates, acrylamides, vinyl acetates, styrenes, vinyl ethers, vinyl ketones, vinyl alcohols, unsaturated chlorides, and nitriles with the proviso that such copolymerizable units be in a quantity of 10-20% by weight. Similar mordants with the exclusion of A in I are also disclosed in GB Patent No. 850,281.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,354,813 discloses several classes of polymeric mordants having a pendent heterocyclic aromatic moiety, e.g. , a pyridyl or an imidazolyl group, as represented by the fomula U below:
- X " represents an anion and n represents an integer of 2 or greater.
- Mordants prepared by polymerizing or copolymerizing vinyl pyridine or N-alkyl pyridinium salts are also known in the art (see, for example, Italian Patent No. 931 ,270).
- Non-diffusive mordants based on poly(N-vinylimidazole) of the type in are known in the art (see U.S. Patent No. 4,500,631) and have been used in certain radiographic image-forming processes wherein the mordants were coupled with water-soluble dyes. Mordants of the type in as well as IV are also disclosed in Japanese Publn. No. 63-307979.
- mordants I, p-MePhSO 3
- Other types of mordants for dyes are also known in the imaging arts.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,429,839 discloses mordants having pendant groups V, such as the mordant of formula VI :
- R,, R 2 , and R 3 are alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl groups, or any two of R, , R 2 , or R 3 are part of a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring and X " is an anion, usually an anion of a mineral acid or a carboxylic acid having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 1 , R , and R are alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl groups or any two of R] , R 2 , or R 3 are part of a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring and X " is an anion.
- R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms and R 2 is an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or alkaryl group having up to 10 carbon atoms inclusive; preferably alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms inclusive or phenyl; 1 and n are integers of 2 or greater, preferably 2-3, most preferably 3; m is an integer of 5 or greater, preferably 30-50, most preferably 40; and Q represents — (CH 2 ) y — wherein y is 1-20, preferably 3- 4.
- X " is independently an anion, preferably CH 3 SO 3 _ , Br _ , NO 3 ⁇ , Cl ⁇ ,
- alkyl group is intended to include not only pure open-chain and cyclic saturated hydrocarbon alkyl substituents, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, t-butyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, octadecyl, and the like, but also alkyl substituents bearing further substituents known in the art, such as hydroxyl, alkoxy, vinyl, phenyl, halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, and I), cyano, nitro, amino, carboxyl, etc.
- alkyl moiety is limited to the inclusion of only pure open-chain and cyclic saturated hydrocarbon alkyl substituents, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, t-butyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, octadecyl, and the like.
- the Jeffamine primary amine mate ⁇ als used in the present invention are low average molecular weight materials and are commercially available from Texaco Chemical Co.
- Two different types of Jeffamine materials are used in the present invention: Jeffamine ED-2001 [poly(propylene glycol-b- ethylene glycol-b-propylene glycol)bis(2-aminopropyl ether], weight average MW 2,000 (XIa. and Jeffamine” T-5000 [Glycerol tris(poly(propylene glycol), amine-terminated)ether], weight average MW 5,000, (Xlb).
- Example 1 To a solution of 5g Jeffamine * ED-2001 (XIa) in 20g methanol was added a solution of the chloroacetone hydrazone (2.2 molar equiv.) of aminoguanidinium chloride in 10 mL methanol. The solution was heated to about 45°C for 10-15 minutes. Mordant Xlla (where X " and Y " are Cl-) was precipitated from ether as a semi-solid and dried in vacuum.
- Example 1(a) The reaction in Example 1(a) was repeated using chloromethyl triphenylphosphonium bromide in place of the hydrazone to obtain the mordant X ⁇ I(b) wherein Q is -CH 2 - and Y " is Cl " .
- Example 2 The reaction in Example 2(a) was repeated using bromopropyl triphenylphosphonium bromide in place of chloromethyl triphenylphosphonium bromide to obtain the mordant XIKb, where Q is - CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 - and Y " is Br " .
- Example 3 To a solution of 5g of Jeffamine ® T-5000 (Xlb. in 20g methanol was added a solution of the chloroacetone hydrazone (3.3 molar equiv.) of aminoguanidinium chloride in 10 L methanol. The solution was heated to about 45-50 °C for 15 minutes to obtain the mordant XIII.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Ink Jet Recording Methods And Recording Media Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Novel mordants based upon a poly(alkylene oxide) backbone and either pendant phosphonium or quaternized-nitrogen compounds are disclosed. The mordants find use in stopping or controlling ink-bleeding in ink-jet receptors and photographic films.
Description
Mordants for I nk-jet receptors sheets .
Field of the Invention This invention relates to mordants for ink-jet receptors and the like and more particularly, it relates to various types of novel mordants based upon a poly(alkylene oxide) backbone.
Background of the Art Mordants, well-known in the photographic art, generally comprise materials containing quaternary ammonium groups as disclosed in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 3,075,841; 3,271,148; 3,488,706; 4,379,838; and 4,814,255.
Quaternary phosphonium groups have also been incorporated with certain polymer backbones to obtain different classes of mordants such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,547,649; 4,820,608; and 4,855,211; and
5,403,955.
The basic polymeric mordants useful to mordant a dye in a hydrophilic colloidal layer between a base and a photographic emulsion layer disclosed in
U.S. Pat. No. 4,695,531 comprise repeating units of formula:
wherein: R, is hydrogen or a methyl group; A is a -COO- or a -COO- alkylene group, e.g., -COOCH2-, -COOCH2CH2-, -COOCHOHCH2-; R2 is a hydrogen or a lower alkyl group having from 1-4 carbon atoms; and X~ is an anion, e.g. , acetate, oxalate, sulfate, chloride, or bromide. Mordant I can comprise units derived from vinylic monomers, for example, acrylates, acrylamides, vinyl acetates, styrenes, vinyl ethers, vinyl ketones, vinyl alcohols, unsaturated chlorides, and nitriles with the proviso that such copolymerizable units be in a quantity of 10-20% by weight. Similar mordants with the exclusion of A in I are also disclosed in GB Patent No. 850,281.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,354,813 discloses several classes of polymeric mordants having a pendent heterocyclic aromatic moiety, e.g. , a pyridyl or an imidazolyl group, as represented by the fomula U below:
u wherein: X" represents an anion and n represents an integer of 2 or greater. Mordants prepared by polymerizing or copolymerizing vinyl pyridine or N-alkyl pyridinium salts are also known in the art (see, for example, Italian Patent No. 931 ,270).
Non-diffusive mordants based on poly(N-vinylimidazole) of the type in are known in the art (see U.S. Patent No. 4,500,631) and have been used in certain radiographic image-forming processes wherein the mordants were coupled with water-soluble dyes. Mordants of the type in as well as IV are also disclosed in Japanese Publn. No. 63-307979.
X" = I, p-MePhSO3
Other types of mordants for dyes are also known in the imaging arts. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,429,839 discloses mordants having pendant groups V, such as the mordant of formula VI :
VI
wherein: R,, R2, and R3 are alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl groups, or any two of R, , R2, or R3 are part of a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring and X" is an anion, usually an anion of a mineral acid or a carboxylic acid having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,547,649 discloses mordants of the following formulae:
VII VIII
wherein: R1 , R , and R are alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl groups or any two of R] , R2, or R3 are part of a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring and X" is an anion. Because of the advent of ink-jet printers, there is a continued demand in the industry for mordants which will control or stop ink-bleeding in ink-jet receptors and the like. It was against this background that research for such novel mordants was conducted.
Summary of the Invention The present invention provides novel mordants for dyes and the like. In one embodiment, the inventive mordants are represented by the following general formula:
IX
wherein: R is
wherein R1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms and R2 is an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or alkaryl group having up to 10 carbon atoms inclusive; preferably alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms inclusive or phenyl; 1 and n are integers of 2 or greater, preferably 2-3, most preferably 3; m is an integer of 5 or greater, preferably 30-50, most preferably 40; and Q represents — (CH2)y — wherein y is 1-20, preferably 3- 4. X" is independently an anion, preferably CH3SO3 _, Br_, NO3 ~, Cl~,
CF3COO",
, p- MePhSO3 ", ClO4 ~, F~, CF3SO3 ~, BF4 ~, C4F9SO3 ~
FSO3 ~, PF6 ~, CISO , or SbF6 ~.
In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a class of inventive mordants of the general formula:
wherein: R, R , R , and X" are the same as in formula IX above and p is an integer greater than or equal to 2; preferably 16-26, most preferably 20. The inventive mordants described above are believed to be novel and not to have been previously disclosed in the literature. The inventive mordants are useful in a variety of applications such as in ink-jet and photographic films.
As is well understood in this area, substitution is not only tolerated, but is often advisable. As a means of simplifying the discussion and recitation of certain terminology used throughout this application, the terms "group" and "moiety" are used to differentiate between chemical species that allow for substitution or which may be substituted and those which do not so allow or may not be so substituted. Thus, when the term "group" is used to describe a chemical substituent, the described chemical material includes the basic group and that group with conventional substitution. Where the term "moiety" is
used to describe a chemical compound or substituent, only an unsubstituted chemical material is intended to be included. For example, the phrase "alkyl group" is intended to include not only pure open-chain and cyclic saturated hydrocarbon alkyl substituents, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, t-butyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, octadecyl, and the like, but also alkyl substituents bearing further substituents known in the art, such as hydroxyl, alkoxy, vinyl, phenyl, halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, and I), cyano, nitro, amino, carboxyl, etc. On the other hand, the phrase "alkyl moiety" is limited to the inclusion of only pure open-chain and cyclic saturated hydrocarbon alkyl substituents, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, t-butyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, octadecyl, and the like.
Other aspects of the present invention are apparent from the detailed description, the examples, and the claims.
Detailed Description and Examples
The Jeffamine primary amine mateπals used in the present invention are low average molecular weight materials and are commercially available from Texaco Chemical Co. Two different types of Jeffamine materials are used in the present invention: Jeffamine ED-2001 [poly(propylene glycol-b- ethylene glycol-b-propylene glycol)bis(2-aminopropyl ether], weight average MW 2,000 (XIa. and Jeffamine" T-5000 [Glycerol tris(poly(propylene glycol), amine-terminated)ether], weight average MW 5,000, (Xlb).
XIa
XIa: / = 2-3, = 40, n = 2-3
Xlb p = 16-23
The following examples illustrate the synthesis of the inventive mordants.
Example 1 (a) To a solution of 5g Jeffamine* ED-2001 (XIa) in 20g methanol was added a solution of the chloroacetone hydrazone (2.2 molar equiv.) of aminoguanidinium chloride in 10 mL methanol. The solution was heated to about 45°C for 10-15 minutes. Mordant Xlla (where X" and Y" are Cl-) was precipitated from ether as a semi-solid and dried in vacuum. (b) The reaction in Example 1(a) was repeated using the chloroacetone hydrazone of aminoguanidinium trifluoroacetate and the product was isolated by the same procedure to obtain Xlla (where X" is trifluoroacetate and Y" is Cl").
XII
Xlla
Q ^Ph
R= ^ Y\ Br Ph Ph
Xllb
/= 2-3; m = 40; Q = -CH2-, or -CH2-CH2-CH2-; X" =C1" or trifluoroacetate
Example 2
(a) The reaction in Example 1(a) was repeated using chloromethyl triphenylphosphonium bromide in place of the hydrazone to obtain the mordant XΙI(b) wherein Q is -CH2- and Y" is Cl" .
(b) The reaction in Example 2(a) was repeated using bromopropyl triphenylphosphonium bromide in place of chloromethyl triphenylphosphonium bromide to obtain the mordant XIKb, where Q is - CH2CH2CH2- and Y" is Br" .
Example 3 To a solution of 5g of Jeffamine® T-5000 (Xlb. in 20g methanol was added a solution of the chloroacetone hydrazone (3.3 molar equiv.) of aminoguanidinium chloride in 10 L methanol. The solution was heated to about 45-50 °C for 15 minutes to obtain the mordant XIII.
XIII p = 16-23;
Reasonable modifications and variations are possible from the foregoing disclosure without departing from either the spirit or scope of the present invention as defined in the claims.
Claims
1. A mordant of the general formula:
wherein: R is or ,Q-P — ( )-ι
and: R1 is an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R2 is an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or alkaryl group of up to 10 carbon atoms inclusive; 1 and n are integers of 2 or greater; m is an integer of 5 or greater; and Q represents - (CH2)y — wherein y is 1-20; and each X" is independently an anion.
2. The mordant of Claim 1 wherein Rl is an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
3. The mordant of Claim 1 wherein R^ is an alkyl group having up to 6 carbon atoms inclusive or phenyl.
3. The mordant of Claim 3 wherein / and n are 2-3; m is 30-50; and y = 3-4.
The mordant according to Claim 2 wherein / and n are 3 and m is 40.
5. The mordant according to Claim 1 wherein X" is independently
CH3SO3 _; Br-; NO3 ~; Cl"; CF3COO" ; />-MePhSO3 "
ClO4 ~; F"; CF3SO3 ~;BF4 _; C4F9SO3 ~; FSO3 "; PF6 ~; ClSO3 ~; or SbF6 ~.
6. A mordant of the general formula:
wherein: R and
R1 is an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R" is an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or alkaryl group having up to 10 carbon atoms inclusive; p is an integer of greater than or equal to 2; and each X" is independently an anion.
7. The mordant according to Claim 6 wherein R1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
8. The mordant according to Claim 6 wherein R^ is an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or is phenyl.
9. The mordant of Claim 6 wherein p is 16-26.
10. The mordant of Claim 6 wherein p is 20.
11. The mordant of Claim 6 wherein X" is independently CH3SO3-
Br"; NO3~; Cl~; CF3COO~; MJ ; />-MePhSO3 "; ClO4 ~; F";
CF3SO3- F
BF4~; C4F9SO3~; FSO3 ~; PF6 "; ClSO3~; or SbF6 ".
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US39320895A | 1995-02-23 | 1995-02-23 | |
US393208 | 1995-02-23 | ||
US548580 | 1995-10-26 | ||
US08/548,580 US5686602A (en) | 1995-10-26 | 1995-10-26 | Crosslinked cellulose polymer/colloidal sol matrix and its use with ink jet recording sheets |
PCT/US1996/000127 WO1996026074A1 (en) | 1995-02-23 | 1996-01-05 | Mordants for ink-jet receptors sheets |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0776272A1 true EP0776272A1 (en) | 1997-06-04 |
Family
ID=27014204
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96902085A Ceased EP0776272A1 (en) | 1995-02-23 | 1996-01-05 | Mordants for ink-jet receptors sheets |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0776272A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996026074A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE60113388T2 (en) | 2000-02-08 | 2006-06-14 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | IMPROVED METHODS FOR COLD IMAGE TRANSFER |
ATE302694T1 (en) | 2000-02-08 | 2005-09-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | METHOD AND KIT FOR PROVIDING A PERMANENT IMAGE ON A SUBSTRATE |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1185307B (en) * | 1985-07-25 | 1987-11-12 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR USE IN RADIOGRAPHY AND PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF A RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGE |
EP0306564B1 (en) * | 1987-09-11 | 1992-04-15 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Polymeric phosphonium mordant and photographic element containing the same |
US5354813A (en) * | 1993-03-12 | 1994-10-11 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Polymeric mordants for dyes and the like |
-
1996
- 1996-01-05 WO PCT/US1996/000127 patent/WO1996026074A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-01-05 EP EP96902085A patent/EP0776272A1/en not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO9626074A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO1996026074A1 (en) | 1996-08-29 |
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