EP0775754A1 - Process for preparing a composite metal matrix rotor - Google Patents

Process for preparing a composite metal matrix rotor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0775754A1
EP0775754A1 EP96402499A EP96402499A EP0775754A1 EP 0775754 A1 EP0775754 A1 EP 0775754A1 EP 96402499 A EP96402499 A EP 96402499A EP 96402499 A EP96402499 A EP 96402499A EP 0775754 A1 EP0775754 A1 EP 0775754A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
disc
metal
crown
plate
sleeve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96402499A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0775754B1 (en
Inventor
Yves Christian Louis Honnorat
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
Societe Nationale dEtude et de Construction de Moteurs dAviation SNECMA
SNECMA SAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/06—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element
    • C22C47/062—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element from wires or filaments only
    • C22C47/064—Winding wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/49318—Repairing or disassembling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/4932—Turbomachine making

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a composite rotor with a metal matrix.
  • These fibers make it possible to build resistant rotors, with high performance and whose weight is not very high. They are generally wrapped around a hub of the rotor and embedded in the metal matrix. Metallic material of composition identical to that of the matrix is added between the windings of the fiber to give good cohesion.
  • the manufacturing method therefore requires forming the windings of the fibers, placing these windings in the material of the matrix and uniting the assembly by hot compression which produces agglomeration between the fibers and the matrix while eliminating the interstices. between the windings and the metallic material added. It is however necessary to guard against the proliferation of the fiber, that is to say irregular displacements of the windings which disturb the regularity of their position in the finished part.
  • the characteristic of the invention is to avoid these contractions in diameter of the turns and their consequences, thanks to an improved hot compression, which is exerted only in the axial direction.
  • the metal matrix rotor including fiber windings which are finally obtained forms a unitary and compact mass with the fiber windings much more regularly arranged.
  • the block is therefore formed by agglomeration resulting from isothermal forging of the hub, the sleeve, the crown and the coating of the fibers, which are normally formed of the same material of the matrix and form a single block with the end of the process.
  • the fibers continue to adhere to their coating and are therefore perfectly integrated into the formed part.
  • the metal matrix is initially formed from four pieces, three of which are visible in FIG. 1: a hub 1, a crown 2 and a disc 3.
  • the hub 1 is formed by a lower circular plate 4 from the center of which stands a rod 5 cylindrical.
  • the crown 2 has a slightly larger diameter than the rod 5 and an external diameter identical to that of the plate 4.
  • a motor 8 rotates the axis 7.
  • a fiber 9 has been prepared. It is unwound from a reel 10 rotating at will, and it is passed through a pulley 11 freely rotating on a frame 12 itself movable in translation along two vertical and parallel slides 13 and 14.
  • the frame 12 is connected by a connecting rod 15 at an intermediate point 16 of a lever 17, one end of which is articulated at a fixed point 18 and the other end to a nut 19 movable along an Archimedes screw 20 vertical and movable under the action of a motor 21.
  • Two switches 22 and 23 sensitive to the contact of the connecting rod 17 are provided against the Archimedes screw 20 to provide limit switches.
  • the advance of the fiber 9 is produced by rotating the motor 8, which unwinds it from the coil 10 by forming windings around the rod 5. Simultaneously, the motor 21 is started to gradually lower the connecting rod 17 and therefore the pulley 11 from the upper switch 22 to the lower switch 23. The pulley 11 gradually drives the fiber 9 downwards and contributes to forming windings over the entire height of the rod 5, between the disc 3 and the tray. In this embodiment, the end of the fiber 9 is wedged between the disc 3 and the upper surface of the rod 5, but other ways of entraining the fiber by binding it to pieces 1, 2 and 3 of the matrix can be considered.
  • the crown 2 has a height greater than that of the disc 3 and is held so as to project around it upwards by a wedging pin 24 housed in a cavity formed both in the crown 2 and the disc 3, at their lower side.
  • Another pin 30 is used to center the disc 3 on the rod 5; it is housed in a cavity formed on the axis of these parts.
  • the centering pin 30 can be chosen with a diameter sufficient for the drive in rotation of the disc 3 to be ensured.
  • the axis 7 is replaced by a thinner axis on which the hub 1 and the disc 2, drilled in their center, are threaded. This process guarantees very regular windings without imposing any dexterity, unlike the previous delicate processes to accomplish. Crown 2 serves as coil side during winding and therefore prevents any displacement of the wound layers.
  • Fiber 9 is cut when the windings are made. We then proceed to arrive at the state illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the centering pin 24 is removed and a sleeve 26, which is the fourth piece of the metallic matrix, is slid around the crown 2, the windings 25 and of plate 4; then a hermetic sheath 27 is formed around the entire matrix, however making provision to pierce it with a degassing conduit 28 leading to a pump 29. It can be seen that, when the sleeve 26 is placed at the level of the plate 4, its top arrives at the height of the disc 3 but the crown 2 projects upwards.
  • Hot isostatic compression is then undertaken in order, according to the diagram in FIG. 3, to obtain a compact mass in the sheath 27.
  • the hot isostatic compression methods are now well known and will not be discussed further.
  • the main effect obtained is an agglomeration of the windings 25 which results in a reduction in the volume which they occupy and in a progressive collapse of the crown 2.
  • the isostatic compression becomes a purely axial compression of the windings 25 to because of the continuity of the sleeve 26, which replaces a circle of cores used in previous methods and which contracts radially until the cores touch.
  • the proliferation of the fiber is much smaller with the invention.
  • the height of the crown 2 is calculated so that its upper surface is flush with the upper surfaces of the disc 3 and the sleeve 26 when a satisfactory agglomeration of the windings 25 has been obtained, which is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the compression can then be stopped.
  • the sheath 27 is removed by machining and the metal matrix corresponding to the old pieces 1, 2, 3 and 26 can be machined at will to form the desired part.
  • the part 1, 2, 3 and 26 can be provided from the start with an external surface similar to that of the piece in the final state; the sheath 27 then has the consequent shape.
  • An effective manufacturing example concerns a TAGV alloy matrix and SIC silicon carbide fibers also coated with titanium.
  • the coatings of the windings 25 form a compact mass during compression. Perfect cohesion of the part is thus obtained.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)

Abstract

A method is claimed for the fabrication of a rotor in a composite material with a metal matrix (1, 2, 3, 26), made up of a metal block containing fibres arranged in circles. The method comprises: (a) constructing a metal medium (1) made up of a plate and a shaft; (b) placing a metal disc (3) on the shaft with a metal ring (2) that extends around the disc (3); (c) winding the fibres, coated with the matrix material, around the shaft and between the disc (3) and the plate; (d) arranging a metal casing (26) around the plate and the fibres, the ring (2) passing beyond the casing (26) and the shaft and freeing the ring (2) from the disc (3); (e) surrounding the medium (1), the casing (26) and the ring (2) with a sleeve (27) fitted with a degassing aperture (28); (f) compressing the sleeve (27) by hot isostatic compression until the ring (2) embeds itself and attains a determined level; and (g) removing the sleeve (27) and machining the metal block to a desired shape should this be necessary.

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un rotor composite à matrice métallique.The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a composite rotor with a metal matrix.

On recourt désormais assez souvent à des pièces de rotor formées d'un bloc à partir d'une matrice métallique qui est ensuite usinée à la forme voulue.Nowadays, rotor parts formed from a block from a metal matrix are used quite often, which is then machined to the desired shape.

On a également eu l'idée de renforcer la matrice, qui est souvent formée d'un alliage fragile tel que de titane et d'aluminium, par des fibres enroulées en cercles internes, noyés dans la matrice, autour de l'axe du rotor.We also had the idea of strengthening the matrix, which is often formed from a fragile alloy such as titanium and aluminum, by fibers wound in internal circles, embedded in the matrix, around the axis of the rotor. .

Ces fibres, plus résistantes à la rupture que la matrice et à module d'élasticité plus élevé, permettent de construire des rotors résistants, à hautes performances et dont le poids n'est pas très élevé. Elles sont généralement enroulées autour d'un moyeu du rotor et noyées dans la matrice métallique. De la matière métallique de composition identique à celle de la matrice est ajoutée entre les enroulements de la fibre pour donner une bonne cohésion. La méthode de fabrication impose donc de former les enroulements des fibres, de placer ces enroulements dans la matière de la matrice et d'unir l'ensemble par une compression à chaud qui produit une agglomération entre les fibres et la matrice tout en supprimant les interstices entre les enroulements et la matière métallique ajoutée. Il faut toutefois se prémunir contre le foisonnement de la fibre, c'est-à-dire des déplacements irréguliers des enroulements qui perturbent la régularité de leur position dans la pièce finie.These fibers, more resistant to breakage than the matrix and with a higher modulus of elasticity, make it possible to build resistant rotors, with high performance and whose weight is not very high. They are generally wrapped around a hub of the rotor and embedded in the metal matrix. Metallic material of composition identical to that of the matrix is added between the windings of the fiber to give good cohesion. The manufacturing method therefore requires forming the windings of the fibers, placing these windings in the material of the matrix and uniting the assembly by hot compression which produces agglomeration between the fibers and the matrix while eliminating the interstices. between the windings and the metallic material added. It is however necessary to guard against the proliferation of the fiber, that is to say irregular displacements of the windings which disturb the regularity of their position in the finished part.

On a en effet démontré qu'une pièce de cette composition, soumise à un essai à la rupture en traction dans la direction des fibres, se rompait normalement avec une décohésion de cisaillement de la liaison entre la matrice et les fibres, entre deux plans de rupture de deux fibres voisines ; ce mode de rupture absorbe une énergie importante mais n'apparaît que si les fibres sont régulièrement réparties. Sinon, les concentrations de contraintes créées au voisinage d'une fibre s'étendent jusqu'à ses voisines si celles-ci sont proches, avec la conséquence qu'elles se rompent à leur tour presque tout de suite. On peut observer une propagation de la rupture à travers toute l'éprouvette selon un plan, à une force assez faible et sans participation notable de la matière de la matrice à la résistance.It has indeed been shown that a part of this composition, subjected to a tensile rupture test in the direction of the fibers, normally breaks with a shear decohesion of the connection between the matrix and the fibers, between two planes of rupture of two neighboring fibers; this mode of rupture absorbs significant energy but only appears if the fibers are regularly distributed. Otherwise, the stress concentrations created in the vicinity of a fiber extend to its neighbors if these are close, with the consequence that they in turn break almost immediately. One can observe a propagation of the rupture through all the test-tube according to a plan, with a rather weak force and without notable participation of the material of the matrix to the resistance.

On a donc conçu divers procédés pour obtenir une disposition régulière des enroulements de la fibre. Dans un premier d'entre eux, la fibre est enroulée couche par couche autour d'un mandrin et la matière ajoutée de la matrice est projetée en plasma entre les spires de la couche exposée. Des projections obliques dans les deux sens sont nécessaires pour bien combler les interstices entre spires, et il faut ensuite réaliser une projection supplémentaire pour couvrir les spires. Cela est malcommode et compliqué.Various methods have therefore been devised to obtain a regular arrangement of the windings of the fiber. In a first of these, the fiber is wound layer by layer around a mandrel and the added material of the matrix is projected in plasma between the turns of the exposed layer. Oblique projections in both directions are necessary to properly fill the interstices between turns, and an additional projection must then be made to cover the turns. This is awkward and complicated.

On a aussi imaginé de disposer la matière ajoutée de la matrice en feuillards qu'on alternait avec les couches de spires de la fibre. Les feuillards pouvaient être enroulés directement sur la machine de fabrication, ou bien la structure pouvait être préparée en posant à plat, alternativement, des feuillards et des nappes de fibre, et l'enroulement était réalisé dans une étape suivante. Mais on rencontrait des difficultés de fabrication, pour joindre les extrémités des feuillards, pour éviter qu'ils ne se plissent et pour réaliser des recouvrements homogènes, sans notamment laisser les fibres glisser à l'enroulement. Des concentrations de contraintes dues à des irrégularités de structure étaient observées sur les pièces finies.It has also been imagined to arrange the added material of the matrix in strips which are alternated with the layers of turns of the fiber. The strips could be wound directly on the manufacturing machine, or the structure could be prepared by laying flat, alternately, strips and sheets of fiber, and the winding was carried out in a following step. But we encountered manufacturing difficulties, to join the ends strips, to prevent them from wrinkling and to achieve homogeneous overlaps, without in particular allowing the fibers to slide in the winding. Concentrations of stresses due to structural irregularities were observed on the finished parts.

Le dépôt de couches hélicoïdales alternées de couches de fibre et de feuillard, proposé dans le brevet français 2 607 071, possède des inconvénients analogues.The deposition of alternating helical layers of fiber and strip layers, proposed in French patent 2 607 071, has similar drawbacks.

Enfin, on a eu l'idée de déposer la matière ajoutée de la matrice sur la fibre avant de former les enroulements et de soumettre l'assemblage à une compression isostatique à chaud. Ce procédé est exposé dans le brevet français 2 684 578. Il est plus facile à exécuter mais n'élimine pas complètement les défauts de régularité sur la structure de la pièce.Finally, we had the idea of depositing the added material of the matrix on the fiber before forming the windings and subjecting the assembly to hot isostatic compression. This process is described in French patent 2,684,578. It is easier to execute but does not completely eliminate irregularities in the structure of the part.

L'origine de l'invention peut être vue dans l'idée que la compression isostatique à chaud contribuait elle aussi à l'apparition des irrégularités de structure, quels qu'aient pu être le procédé choisi pour l'enroulement et le soin apporté à sa réalisation. En effet, la suppression des interstices implique un resserrement des enroulements, et donc une contraction de leur diamètre et des déformations de flambement des fibres.The origin of the invention can be seen in the idea that hot isostatic compression also contributed to the appearance of structural irregularities, whatever the process chosen for winding and the care taken may have been. its realization. In fact, the elimination of the interstices implies a tightening of the windings, and therefore a contraction of their diameter and buckling deformations of the fibers.

La caractéristique de l'invention est d'éviter ces contractions de diamètre des spires et leurs conséquences, grâce à une compression à chaud améliorée, qui ne s'exerce qu'en direction axiale.The characteristic of the invention is to avoid these contractions in diameter of the turns and their consequences, thanks to an improved hot compression, which is exerted only in the axial direction.

Cependant, il faut aussi garantir une régularité parfaite des enroulements pour éviter qu'ils ne foisonnent à la compression à chaud, ce qui est très difficile à cause de la finesse des fibres, dont le diamètre est voisin de 50 microns : les fibres sont donc très souples, et leurs enroulements nombreux. Un procédé de placement des enroulements qui soit fiable et d'utilisation simple dans l'industrie serait donc souhaité ; il est décrit ci-dessous et appartient aussi à l'invention.However, it is also necessary to guarantee perfect regularity of the windings to prevent them from swelling during hot compression, which is very difficult because of the fineness of the fibers, the diameter of which is close to 50 microns: the fibers are therefore very flexible, and their numerous windings. A method for placing the windings which is reliable and simple to use in industry would therefore be desired; it is described below and also belongs to the invention.

Le rotor à matrice métallique incluant des enroulements de fibre qu'on obtient finalement forme une masse unitaire et compacte aux enroulements de fibre beaucoup plus régulièrement disposés.The metal matrix rotor including fiber windings which are finally obtained forms a unitary and compact mass with the fiber windings much more regularly arranged.

Le procédé de l'invention comprend les étapes que voici :

  • construire un moyeu métallique composé d'un plateau et d'une tige dressée sur le plateau,
  • poser un disque métallique sur la tige, une couronne métallique étant unie au disque et s'étendant autour du disque, puis :
  • enrouler des fibres enrobées de la matière de la matrice autour de la tige et entre le disque et le plateau,
  • disposer une douille métallique autour du plateau et des fibres, la couronne dépassant de la douille et de la tige, et libérer la couronne du disque,
  • entourer le moyeu, la douille et la couronne par une gaine munie d'un orifice de dégazage,
  • comprimer la gaine par une compression isostatique à chaud jusqu'à ce que la couronne s'enfonce et atteigne un niveau déterminé,
  • ôter la gaine et usiner si nécessaire le bloc métallique à une forme désirée.
The process of the invention comprises the following stages:
  • build a metal hub composed of a plate and a rod erected on the plate,
  • place a metal disc on the stem, a metal crown being joined to the disc and extending around the disc, then:
  • winding fibers coated with the matrix material around the rod and between the disc and the plate,
  • place a metal sleeve around the plate and the fibers, the crown protruding from the sleeve and the rod, and free the crown from the disc,
  • surround the hub, the bushing and the crown by a sheath provided with a degassing orifice,
  • compress the sheath by hot isostatic compression until the crown sinks and reaches a determined level,
  • remove the sheath and if necessary machine the metal block to a desired shape.

Le bloc est donc formé par l'agglomération résultant d'un forgeage isotherme du moyeu, de la douille, de la couronne et de l'enrobage des fibres, qui sont normalement formées de la même matière de la matrice et forment un bloc unique à la fin du procédé. Les fibres continuent d'adhérer à leur enrobage et sont donc parfaitement intégrées à la pièce formée.The block is therefore formed by agglomeration resulting from isothermal forging of the hub, the sleeve, the crown and the coating of the fibers, which are normally formed of the same material of the matrix and form a single block with the end of the process. The fibers continue to adhere to their coating and are therefore perfectly integrated into the formed part.

L'invention va maintenant être décrite plus en détail à l'aide des figures suivantes qui décrivent une réalisation possible et sont fournies à titre illustratif et non limitatif :

  • les figures 1, 2, 3 et 4 représentent quatre étapes de la fabrication.
The invention will now be described in more detail with the aid of the following figures which describe a possible embodiment and are provided by way of illustration and not limitation:
  • Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 show four stages of manufacturing.

La matrice métallique est initialement formée de quatre morceaux dont trois sont visibles à la figure 1 : un moyeu 1, une couronne 2 et un disque 3. Le moyeu 1 est formé d'un plateau 4 circulaire inférieur du centre duquel se dresse une tige 5 cylindrique. La couronne 2 a un diamètre légèrement plus large que la tige 5 et un diamètre externe identique à celui du plateau 4. Quant au disque 3, son diamètre est semblable à celui de la tige 5. On commence par poser le disque 3 sur la tige 5 et la couronne 2 autour du disque 3, de façon qu'elle puisse coulisser autour de lui et de la tige 5, et le plateau 4 est posé sur un support 6 de façon qu'il soit coaxial à un axe 7 soutenant le support 6, de même que la couronne 2, le disque 3 et la tige 5. Un moteur 8 fait tourner l'axe 7.The metal matrix is initially formed from four pieces, three of which are visible in FIG. 1: a hub 1, a crown 2 and a disc 3. The hub 1 is formed by a lower circular plate 4 from the center of which stands a rod 5 cylindrical. The crown 2 has a slightly larger diameter than the rod 5 and an external diameter identical to that of the plate 4. As for the disk 3, its diameter is similar to that of the rod 5. We begin by placing the disk 3 on the rod 5 and the crown 2 around the disc 3, so that it can slide around it and the rod 5, and the plate 4 is placed on a support 6 so that it is coaxial with an axis 7 supporting the support 6, as well as the crown 2, the disc 3 and the rod 5. A motor 8 rotates the axis 7.

Une fibre 9 a été préparée. Elle est déroulée d'une bobine 10 tournant à volonté, et on la fait passer par une poulie 11 tournant librement sur un châssis 12 lui-même mobile en translation le long de deux glissière verticales et parallèles 13 et 14. Le châssis 12 est relié par une bielle 15 à un point intermédiaire 16 d'un levier 17, dont une extrémité est articulée à un point fixe 18 et l'autre extrémité à un écrou 19 mobile le long d'une vis d'Archimède 20 verticale et mobile sous l'action d'un moteur 21. Deux interrupteurs 22 et 23 sensibles au contact de la bielle 17 sont prévus contre la vis d'Archimède 20 pour fournir des fin de course.A fiber 9 has been prepared. It is unwound from a reel 10 rotating at will, and it is passed through a pulley 11 freely rotating on a frame 12 itself movable in translation along two vertical and parallel slides 13 and 14. The frame 12 is connected by a connecting rod 15 at an intermediate point 16 of a lever 17, one end of which is articulated at a fixed point 18 and the other end to a nut 19 movable along an Archimedes screw 20 vertical and movable under the action of a motor 21. Two switches 22 and 23 sensitive to the contact of the connecting rod 17 are provided against the Archimedes screw 20 to provide limit switches.

L'avance de la fibre 9 est produite en faisant tourner le moteur 8, ce qui la dévide de la bobine 10 en formant des enroulements autour de la tige 5. Simultanément, le moteur 21 est mis en marche pour abaisser peu à peu la bielle 17 et donc la poulie 11 de l'interrupteur supérieur 22 à l'interrupteur inférieur 23. La poulie 11 entraîne peu à peu la fibre 9 vers le bas et contribue à former des enroulements sur toute la hauteur de la tige 5, entre le disque 3 et le plateau. Dans cette réalisation, l'extrémité de la fibre 9 est coincée entre le disque 3 et la surface supérieure de la tige 5, mais d'autres facons d'entraîner la fibre en la liant aux morceaux 1, 2 et 3 de la matrice peuvent être envisagées. La couronne 2 a une hauteur supérieure à celle du disque 3 et est maintenue de façon à saillir autour de lui vers le haut par un pion de coincement 24 logé dans une cavité ménagée à la fois dans la couronne 2 et le disque 3, à leur face inférieure. Un autre pion 30 est utilisé pour centrer le disque 3 sur la tige 5 ; il est logé dans une cavité ménagée sur l'axe de ces pièces. Mais d'autres solutions existent pour assurer cet assemblage : ainsi, la couronne 2 peut sertir le disque 3 avec un léger coincement et s'étendre un peu au-dessous de lui, au niveau du sommet de la tige 5 qui assure elle-même le centrage. Le pion de centrage 30 peut être choisi avec un diamètre suffisant pour que l'entraînement en rotation du disque 3 soit assuré. Dans une autre réalisation possible, l'axe 7 est remplacé par un axe plus mince sur lequel le moyeu 1 et le disque 2, percés en leur centre, sont enfilés. Ce procédé garantit des enroulements très réguliers sans imposer aucune dextérité, contrairement aux procédés précédents délicats à accomplir. La couronne 2 sert de joue de bobine pendant l'enroulement et empêche donc tout déplacement des couches enroulées.The advance of the fiber 9 is produced by rotating the motor 8, which unwinds it from the coil 10 by forming windings around the rod 5. Simultaneously, the motor 21 is started to gradually lower the connecting rod 17 and therefore the pulley 11 from the upper switch 22 to the lower switch 23. The pulley 11 gradually drives the fiber 9 downwards and contributes to forming windings over the entire height of the rod 5, between the disc 3 and the tray. In this embodiment, the end of the fiber 9 is wedged between the disc 3 and the upper surface of the rod 5, but other ways of entraining the fiber by binding it to pieces 1, 2 and 3 of the matrix can be considered. The crown 2 has a height greater than that of the disc 3 and is held so as to project around it upwards by a wedging pin 24 housed in a cavity formed both in the crown 2 and the disc 3, at their lower side. Another pin 30 is used to center the disc 3 on the rod 5; it is housed in a cavity formed on the axis of these parts. But other solutions exist to ensure this assembly: thus, the crown 2 can crimp the disc 3 with a slight wedging and extend a little below it, at the top of the rod 5 which ensures itself centering. The centering pin 30 can be chosen with a diameter sufficient for the drive in rotation of the disc 3 to be ensured. In another possible embodiment, the axis 7 is replaced by a thinner axis on which the hub 1 and the disc 2, drilled in their center, are threaded. This process guarantees very regular windings without imposing any dexterity, unlike the previous delicate processes to accomplish. Crown 2 serves as coil side during winding and therefore prevents any displacement of the wound layers.

La fibre 9 est coupée quand les enroulements sont réalisés. On procède alors pour arriver à l'état illustré à la figure 2. Le pion de centrage 24 est retiré et on fait glisser une douille 26, qui est le quatrième morceau de la matrice métallique, autour de la couronne 2, des enroulements 25 et du plateau 4 ; puis une gaine 27 hermétique est formée autour de toute la matrice, en prévoyant toutefois de la percer d'un conduit de dégazage 28 aboutissant à une pompe 29. On s'aperçoit que, quand la douille 26 est posée à hauteur du plateau 4, son sommet arrive à hauteur du disque 3 mais la couronne 2 est en saillie vers le haut.Fiber 9 is cut when the windings are made. We then proceed to arrive at the state illustrated in FIG. 2. The centering pin 24 is removed and a sleeve 26, which is the fourth piece of the metallic matrix, is slid around the crown 2, the windings 25 and of plate 4; then a hermetic sheath 27 is formed around the entire matrix, however making provision to pierce it with a degassing conduit 28 leading to a pump 29. It can be seen that, when the sleeve 26 is placed at the level of the plate 4, its top arrives at the height of the disc 3 but the crown 2 projects upwards.

Une compression isostatique à chaud est alors entreprise pour, selon le schéma de la figure 3, obtenir une masse compacte dans la gaine 27. Les procédés de compression isostatique à chaud sont maintenant bien connus et ne seront pas évoqués davantage. Dans le cas présent, l'effet principal obtenu est une agglomération des enroulements 25 qui se traduit par une diminution du volume qu'ils occupent et par un affaissement progressif de la couronne 2. La compression isostatique devient une compression purement axiale des enroulements 25 à cause de la continuité de la douille 26, qui remplace un cercle de noyaux utilisé dans des procédés antérieurs et qui se contracte radialement jusqu'à ce que les noyaux se touchent. On a déjà mentionné les inconvénients de cette compression radiale pour la régularité des enroulements 25. Le foisonnement de la fibre est beaucoup plus petit avec l'invention. Avantageusement, la hauteur de la couronne 2 est calculée pour que sa surface supérieure affleure aux surfaces supérieures du disque 3 et de la douille 26 quand une agglomération satisfaisante des enroulements 25 a été obtenue, ce qui est représenté à la figure 3. On peut alors arrêter la compression.Hot isostatic compression is then undertaken in order, according to the diagram in FIG. 3, to obtain a compact mass in the sheath 27. The hot isostatic compression methods are now well known and will not be discussed further. In the present case, the main effect obtained is an agglomeration of the windings 25 which results in a reduction in the volume which they occupy and in a progressive collapse of the crown 2. The isostatic compression becomes a purely axial compression of the windings 25 to because of the continuity of the sleeve 26, which replaces a circle of cores used in previous methods and which contracts radially until the cores touch. We have already mentioned the drawbacks of this radial compression for the regularity of the windings 25. The proliferation of the fiber is much smaller with the invention. Advantageously, the height of the crown 2 is calculated so that its upper surface is flush with the upper surfaces of the disc 3 and the sleeve 26 when a satisfactory agglomeration of the windings 25 has been obtained, which is shown in FIG. 3. The compression can then be stopped.

Enfin et conformément à la figure 4, la gaine 27 est ôtée par usinage et la matrice métallique correspondant aux anciens morceaux 1, 2, 3 et 26 peut être usinée à volonté pour former la pièce souhaitée.Finally and in accordance with Figure 4, the sheath 27 is removed by machining and the metal matrix corresponding to the old pieces 1, 2, 3 and 26 can be machined at will to form the desired part.

On peut ainsi la creuser dans son axe pour former un alésage 30, et enlever de la matière à sa périphérie extérieure pour n'y laisser subsister que des aubes 31 ; plus généralement, la pièce peut être usinée à volonté. On conçoit qu'une très grande liberté existe en fonction de la forme finale souhaitée. En variante, les morceaux 1, 2, 3 et 26 peuvent être prévus dès le début avec une surface extérieure semblable à celle de la pièce à l'état définitif ; la gaine 27 a alors la forme conséquente.It can thus be dug in its axis to form a bore 30, and remove material at its outer periphery to leave only vanes 31; more generally, the part can be machined at will. We can see that a great deal of freedom exists depending on the desired final shape. As a variant, the pieces 1, 2, 3 and 26 can be provided from the start with an external surface similar to that of the piece in the final state; the sheath 27 then has the consequent shape.

Un exemple effectif de fabrication concerne une matrice en alliage TAGV et des fibres en carbure de silicium SIC enrobées également de titane. Les enrobages des enroulements 25 forment une masse compacte pendant la compression. Une cohésion parfaite de la pièce est ainsi obtenue.An effective manufacturing example concerns a TAGV alloy matrix and SIC silicon carbide fibers also coated with titanium. The coatings of the windings 25 form a compact mass during compression. Perfect cohesion of the part is thus obtained.

Claims (2)

Procédé de fabrication d'un rotor composite à matrice métallique, composé d'un bloc métallique contenant des fibres (9) disposées en cercles, consistant à : - construire un moyeu métallique (1) composé d'un plateau (4) et d'une tige (5) dressée sur le plateau, - poser un disque métallique (3) sur la tige (5), une couronne métallique (2) étant unie au disque (3) et s'étendant autour du disque (3), puis : - enrouler les fibres, enrobées de matière de la matrice, autour de la tige et entre le disque et le plateau, - disposer une douille métallique (26) autour du plateau et des fibres, la couronne dépassant de la douille et de la tige, et libérer la couronne (2) du disque (3), - entourer le moyeu, la douille et la couronne par une gaine (27) munie d'un orifice de dégazage (28), - comprimer la gaine par une compression isostatique à chaud jusqu'à ce que la couronne s'enfonce et atteigne un niveau déterminé, - ôter la gaine et usiner si nécessaire le bloc métallique à une forme désirée. Method for manufacturing a composite rotor with a metal matrix, composed of a metal block containing fibers (9) arranged in circles, consisting of: - construct a metallic hub (1) composed of a plate (4) and a rod (5) erected on the plate, - place a metal disc (3) on the rod (5), a metal crown (2) being joined to the disc (3) and extending around the disc (3), then: - wind the fibers, coated with matrix material, around the rod and between the disc and the plate, - place a metal sleeve (26) around the plate and the fibers, the crown protruding from the sleeve and the rod, and free the crown (2) from the disc (3), - surround the hub, the bushing and the crown by a sheath (27) provided with a degassing orifice (28), - compress the sheath by hot isostatic compression until the crown sinks and reaches a determined level, - remove the sheath and if necessary machine the metal block to a desired shape. Procédé de fabrication d'un rotor composite suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le niveau prédéterminé correspond à un niveau où une surface supérieure de la couronne affleure à une surface supérieure de la douille.A method of manufacturing a composite rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that the predetermined level corresponds to a level where an upper surface of the crown is flush with an upper surface of the sleeve.
EP96402499A 1995-11-22 1996-11-21 Process for preparing a composite metal matrix rotor Expired - Lifetime EP0775754B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9513832 1995-11-22
FR9513832A FR2741383B1 (en) 1995-11-22 1995-11-22 METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE ROTOR

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EP0775754A1 true EP0775754A1 (en) 1997-05-28
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EP (1) EP0775754B1 (en)
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CA (1) CA2190567C (en)
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FR2784616B1 (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-11-17 Snecma METHOD FOR OBTAINING THIN, LIGHT AND RIGID METALLIC PARTS
US6158102A (en) * 1999-03-24 2000-12-12 General Electric Co. Apparatus and methods for aligning holes through wheels and spacers and stacking the wheels and spacers to form a turbine rotor
FR2933422B1 (en) * 2008-07-04 2011-05-13 Messier Dowty Sa METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A METAL PIECE COMPRISING INTERNAL REINFORCEMENTS FORMED OF CERAMIC FIBERS

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FR2684578A1 (en) 1991-12-04 1993-06-11 Snecma PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING PARTS OF METALLIC MATRIX COMPOSITE MATERIAL
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US8065799B2 (en) 2006-05-24 2011-11-29 Snecma Method of fabricating a turbomachine rotor disk

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CA2190567C (en) 2004-08-03
FR2741383B1 (en) 1997-12-12
DE69606502T2 (en) 2000-06-21
DE69606502D1 (en) 2000-03-09
JPH09192892A (en) 1997-07-29
JP3308174B2 (en) 2002-07-29
US5745994A (en) 1998-05-05
CA2190567A1 (en) 1997-05-23
FR2741383A1 (en) 1997-05-23
EP0775754B1 (en) 2000-02-02

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