Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
  • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
  • E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
  • E02D3/061—Tampers with directly acting explosion chambers
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
  • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
  • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
  • E02D7/12—Drivers with explosion chambers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device for pyrotechnic projection of tools connected to a mobile projection piston inside a launching tube. More particularly, the present invention relates to a pyrotechnic projection device, included in a modular pyrotechnic projection system of tools, using the energy delivered by a gas generator and whose recoil balancing is ensured by the effect gravity on the launch structure.
• the invention applies even more particularly to a pyrotechnic projection equipment for tools equipped with a piston for a high-speed projection interface from a launch tube in which a combustion pressure is created created by the gases emitted by a gas generator from a propellant powder.
• EP-A-0 389 375 describes a system for driving anchoring into the ground by using the energy delivered by a gas generator, a system whose recoil balancing is ensured by the effect of gravity on the launch structure which acts as an acoustic protector.
• EP-A-0 561 968 describes a system for measuring the characteristics of the soil by driving in a probe rod, the speed of which is achieved by the energy delivered by a gas generator and the evolution of which of the speed of penetration into the ground is continuously measured by an electromagnetic assembly. Since the implementation of these anchoring penetration systems and measurement of soil characteristics, other needs of the same type have been expressed by different building trades and public works, in particular needs relating to compaction, coring, digging of point foundations, etc., ...
• the purpose of the pyrotechnic projection device according to the present invention is precisely to better satisfy these various wishes of the users.
• the subject of the present invention is a device for pyrotechnic projection of a tool, contained inside a barrel or frame and consisting of a generator of projection gas, associated with a triggering or initiation system, placed in a modular cylinder head connected to a spout or grip, and fixed to one end of a launching tube secured to a ballast mass intended to withstand the recoil effect exerted on the cylinder head during projection and which is connected to one of its SES ex ⁇ hoppers with a damping cylinder interposed between the frame and the ballast mass to absorb the fallout of this ballast mass after its retreat.
• the gas generator placed in the cylinder head and its trigger system are located outside and at one end of the launch tube which receives the tool through the other end.
• the launch tube comprises, at its end oppo ⁇ ed to the gas generator, lateral gas ejection vents before the projection piston leaves the launch tube , and these vents open into an annular chamber formed between the outer wall of the launch tube and a cylindrical extension of the frame surrounding the launch tube.
• the launching tube is internally equipped with a sub-calibrated pull-out tube allowing the use of a piston for projecting tools of smaller diameter.
• the triggering system of the gas generator consists of a device for striking a primer. It is separated from the cylinder head receiving the gas generator by a vented part capable of ejecting the gases coming from the leaks at the level of the percussion orifice; it is thus possible to avoid fouling of the trigger system.
• the pyrotechnic projection device comprises a tool loading member consisting of a cable axially passing through the launch tube and connected to a gripper capable of '' be disconnected under the effect of the propelling force acting on the tool's projection piston in the launching tube and a sealing plate serving as a support and stop element during the ascent of the tool in the launch tube and used to control the release of the clamp.
• the projection piston is capable of being rigidly connected or of being secured to various tools such as plate compactor, punch compactor, coring tube, burial tube, injector, penetrating rod, supporting rod earth cable.
• the gas generator is placed in a combustion chamber and its launching system is preferably located outside the launching tube and outside the projected tool or its launch piston.
• a modular cylinder head housing allows, in the same material, the use of gas generators of different diameters and therefore of different masses of propellant powders which are adapted to the energy necessary for the proper functioning of each tool.
• the gripping handle of the modular cylinder head housing facilitates the introduction and especially the extraction after operation of the gas generator in its combustion chamber.
• the caliber of the launch tube is adaptable to the diameter of the projected tool or its tool holder thanks to the introduction and locking in position of tubes of smaller diameter inside the launch tube.
• the launching tube is equipped with lateral vents which make it possible to eject , after the passage of the piston of the tool, gases upwards in the annular chamber which constitutes a silencer inside the frame of the device according to the invention.
• the launch tube and its ballast structure or ballast mass are free to recede vertically upwards and this recoil ensures, under the effect of gravity, the balance of the amount of movement applied to the piston and to the projected tool.
• Damping of the fallout of the launch tube and its ballast structure after a tool shot is ensured by a synchronized gas spring which deploys when the launch tube moves back and which thus joins it at the end of its trajectory vertical, and brakes its descent by controlled transfer of gases between the two chambers of the gas spring.
• the adaptation of the jacking up speed, the retaining force applied to the launching tube and its ballast structure and the return speed of the launching tube and its ballast structure is carried out using calibrated single or double pass vents and cylinder inflation pressure.
• the percussion triggering system is preferably mounted on a set of studs allowing the gases leaving the percussion system and, the if necessary, from the cylinder head, to go outside the system - an elastic sealing membrane capable of completing the protection of the percussion system.
• the loading or placing of heavy tools is carried out according to the invention using a cable which passes axially through the launch tube.
• the projection devices in the case of heavy tools, are equipped with an offset combustion chamber to allow the passage of the cable which is preferably wound on a drum using an electric motor.
• the cable is equipped at its end with a clamp which is disengageable either mechanically under the effect of the traction due to the pressure of the gases, or electrically, or under the effect of the pressure created in the launching tube.
• the device for pyrotechnic projection of tools according to the invention can be equipped with a tube for measuring the speed of projection of the tool, a composite measurement tube being fixed on a rigid structure made of non-magnetic and non-conductive composite material, in order to connect the measuring tube to the frame of the device.
• the pyrotechnic tool projection system thus produced is preferably mounted on a tracked carrier, but, for small models, it can be mounted on a wheeled carrier, motorized or not or at the rear of a truck or from a pickup truck or even on a rail car.
• a quick attachment system on a public works vehicle arm makes it possible to transform the pyrotechnic projection device into a tool interchangeable with the buckets of the backhoe.
• the pyrotechnic projection system can thus be loaded either vertically or horizontally. Placing in the folded position for loading or for transport is preferably carried out by a mechanical system of the wheel and worm type driven by an electric motor.
• a mechanical system of the wheel and worm type driven by an electric motor preferably carried out by a mechanical system of the wheel and worm type driven by an electric motor.
• other motion generation systems can be applied, such as cylinders and hydraulic motors, wheels and transmission chains.
• FIG. 1 shows in longitudinal axial section , a device for pyrotechnic projection of tools according to the invention
• FIG. 2 shows in longitudinal section on a larger scale, the combustion chamber sub-assembly which is associated with the device pyrotechnic projection device according to the invention
• Figure 3 shows in exploded view, the combustion chamber sub-assembly of Figure 2
• FIG. 4 represents, in longitudinal axial section, another embodiment of the device for pyrotechnic projection of tools according to the invention, in which a tool constituted by a probe rod cooperates with a penetration speed measurement system;
• FIG. 4 represents, in longitudinal axial section, another embodiment of the device for pyrotechnic projection of tools according to the invention, in which a tool constituted by a probe rod cooperates with a penetration speed measurement system
• FIG. 5 shows, in longitudinal axial section, another embodiment of the device for pyrotechnic projection of tools according to the invention, in which a caliber reduction tube is mounted inside the launching tube;
• Figure 6 shows a 90 ° section of the embodiment of Figure 4;
• FIG. 7 shows in cross section another embodiment of the gas generator capable of being used in the pyrotechnic projection device according to the invention;
• FIG. 8 represents, in longitudinal axial section, another embodiment of the device for pyrotechnic projection of tools according to the invention, in which the tool can be put in place using an axial loading rope;
• Figures 9 to 13 show various embodiments of tools capable of being associated with the pyrotechnic projection device according to the invention; and
• the device for pyrotechnic projection of tools according to the invention is mounted inside a frame or barrel l of generally cylindrical shape equipped with a gate 2 allowing access to the tool positioning part.
• the launching structure mounted inside the frame 1 consists of a ballast mass 3 which serves as a guiding element for the launching structure in the frame when the latter is re ⁇ bottom or flange 4 of the expansion chamber and the launching tube 5.
• the combustion chamber assembly receiving a gas generator 9 consists of a cylinder head 7 resistant to bursting, of a plate 8 pierced with exhaust orifices 18 for gases of combustion, of a casing forming a loading envelope 10.
• the cylinder head 7 is rigidly fixed and in a removable and interchangeable manner, for example using screws such as 4a, 4b, at the bottom 4 of the expansion chamber 5a formed inside the launch tube 5.
• the casing 10 of the gas generator 9 placed in the cylinder head 7 thus fixed externally and removably to the launch tube 5, allows both the use of different launch tubes 5 and different gas generators 9 and their extraction and replacement using a grip handle 11 in the shape of a spout.
• the cover 15 is removed by sliding, which makes it possible to introduce into the housing of the cylinder head 7 the propellant charge 9 surrounded by its housing 10 by holding it by the handle 11 , then after replacing the cover 15, to rigidly lock in position this gas generator with its priming system 26 (see FIG. 7) placed opposite the striker 13.
• this gas generator with its priming system 26 (see FIG. 7) placed opposite the striker 13.
• the propellant powder 31 is ignited by the primer 28 and the ignition powder 27; it burns very quickly creating a lot of gas which generates a high pressure in the chamber 5a of the launching tube 5.
• This pressure propels, on the one hand at high speed downwards, the piston 41 and the tool attached to it and, on the other hand upwards, the cylinder head 7 as well as the launching tube 5 and the ballast mass 3.
• the tool for example the penetrometer 43, sinks into the ground while the whole of the tube launch and ballast masses 3 rises a few decimeters upwards, being held back by the effect of gravity; they fall back into position or in battery braked by the gas spring 6.
• the burnt gases from the gas generator 9 partially escape into the annular space la after passage of the piston 41 beyond the vents 17 (see Figures 1, 4 and 5) and partially downwards following the piston 41, continuing to propel the latter for a few centimeters.
• the projection device can then be placed above a new firing location, if necessary using a tool of another type, a launching tube of another diameter and different propellant charges.
• the launch tube 5 has internally, near the bottom 4 of the launch tube leaving a sufficient space for the piston 41, a groove 20 in which is mounted a polygonal or circular elastic ring 19 for locking the piston 41 of the tool to be launched (see also FIG. 2).
• the launch tube 5 can receive (as shown in Figure 5) launch tubes 21 of smaller diameters suitable for ejecting tools or tool holders of smaller diameters.
• the trigger system 9a of the pyrotechnic gas generator 9 is preferably produced by percussion using an electromagnet 12 equipped with a fixed or adjustable striker 13.
• the electrical connection 14 between the electromagnet 12 and a source of energy, is produced by an extensible spiral wire.
• the electromagnet can be replaced by another percussion system such as a pneumatic cylinder, a spring-hydraulic cylinder assembly, a manually-wound spring or by an electric motor.
• the electromagnet is replaced by a laser source or correspondingly by an electric trigger capable of being connected to an electric source such as a battery.
• a cover plate 15 carrying the striker 13 closes the cylinder head 7 upwards, for example by simple translation in grooves 16
• the cylinder head 7 thus constitutes a sub- rigid and interchangeable assembly attached externally and removably to one end (flange 4) of the launch tube 5.
• the vents 17 open into an annular chamber 1a which is delimited mainly between a cylindrical extension lb of the frame 1 and the outer wall of the launching tube 5.
• a tube d is thus obtained propulsion gas escaping upwards which makes it possible to eliminate or at least significantly reduce the nuisances likely to be caused by the pyrotechnic projection device due to the noise it generates during operation and possible projections of floor covering.
• the gas generator shown in FIG. 7 is made up of a housing 25, preferably made of a composite material such as thermoplastic or thermosetting resin, loaded or not with carbon fibers and other materials.
• This box comprises a priming member 26 contained in a case which contains ignition powder 27 and a percussion primer 28, with laser or electric ignition.
• the housing 25 contains the propellant powder 31 which suddenly generates, by combustion after priming, the propellant gases of the piston 41 of the tool.
• a keying pin 30 allows the correct positioning of the generator in its housing 10 for aid to the loading in the cylinder head 7.
• a cover 29 has, according to the model of generator, a greater or lesser number of pre-embrittled cells 32 which, after shearing in the orifices 18 of the plate 8, allow the calibrated passage of the propellant gases in function of the propellant powder mass 31.
• the orifices are closed by a strip 71.
• a seal 72 ensures the sealing of the primer with respect to any penetration of moisture.
• a locking spigot 73 resulting from the molding keeps the primer in place.
• a sticker 74 in rigid, adhesive-coated foam protects the primer against unwanted impact.
• a cable 22 for loading heavy tools is equipped at its end with a disengageable clamp 23 and a support plate 24.
• this cable is for example wound around a muffling pulley 24a and driven for example by an electric ascent motor.
• the clamp 23 is mechanically disengageable under the effect of the traction exerted by the tool on the wire, the operation is carried out as follows: the pressure generated in the launching tube 5 keeps the plate 24 in ap ⁇ meme on the bottom 4 of the launch tube 5 and pushing the piston 41 of the tool, pulls on the wire 22, which opens the clamp 23.
• the clamp can also be provided with an opening system pressure, sensitive to the gas pres ⁇ sion in the launch tube 5.
• the pyrotechnic projector of tools can be equipped with a tube 40 for measuring the evolution of the speed of the tool.
• the piston 41 of the tool (see FIG. 4) is then fitted with a magnet 44 and is rigidly connected to the probe rod 43 of a dynamic peneeter.
• the measurement tube 40 is fitted with solenoids 42 regularly distributed over its height and which make it possible to detect temporally, preferably using a cathode-ray oscillograph, the passage of the magnet 44.
• the relative positions of the opening of the tube, of the gate 2 and of its rotation hinge allow, when the gate 2 is opened, to release the split measurement tube from a probe rod or from an incomplete tool. pressed.
• the pyrotechnic projection device according to the invention can be equipped with a wide variety of tools.
• a compactor plate tool 45 This tool consists of a launch tube 46 closed at its upper end and carrying at its lower end a tray compaction 47 reinforced by stiffeners 48, the plate can have a circular or polygonal shape.
• Such a tool is used for compacting soils and particularly for embankments and trenches.
• the very large energy which is communicated to the tool by the gas generator makes it possible to quickly obtain very effective compaction.
• the tool pyrotechnic projection device can be equipped with a punch compactor tool 49 shown in FIG. 9.
• a punch compactor tool 49 shown in FIG. 9.
• Such a tool consists of a launching tube 50 with a hollow interior and extended by a tube of compaction 51, preferably cylindrical and of the same diameter or of different diameter, and terminated by a puncture aid tip 52.
• the compaction tube or its tip may have a flat bottom.
• Such a tool is used to make holes whose walls are compacted. In the case where specific concrete foundations are made, the bearing capacity of the concrete studs is significantly improved by such holes with compacted walls, for the same foundation volume.
• the pyrotechnic propulsion device can be equipped with a coring tube 53 shown in FIG. 10.
• a coring tube 53 shown in FIG. 10.
• Such a tool consists of a launching tube 54 closed at the upper part by a plug 55 quick closing 56 and whose opening allows the ejection of the coring block.
• the launching tube 54 is preferably mounted in the coring tube, but a tube of different diameter can extend the launching tube in order to produce corottes of different diameter from the caliber of the launching tube.
• the core drilling tube is terminated by a cutting section 57 or by an overhanging knife 58. Without going out of the invention, it can be equipped with different systems for assisting with the shearing of the core fitted to the standard coring tubes.
• Such a tool is used to carry out core analysis cores or preferably cylindrical holes, by removing the core from the soil.
• the device for pyrotechnic projection of tools can be equipped with a tube intended for the burial of an explosive or propellant charge 59, represented in FIG. 11.
• a tube 59 consists of a rod 60, preferably hollow , closed at its upper part and surrounded by a tube 61 preferably made of plastic or cardboard and terminated by a conical tip 62 for penetration assistance, this tip preferably has an overhanging section. After the conical tip has penetrated into the ground, the tube 60 is removed. The outer tube 61 and the conical tip remain in the ground.
• a pyrotechnic charge is introduced into the channel which has been made free by the extraction of the rod 60. The channel thus created can be used to bury elements, materials or equipment other than pyrotechnic charges.
• FIG. 12 shows a pyrotechnic projector intended to project into a road surface a hollow rod 37 closed at its lower end 39 and pierced with lateral orifices 38.
• a tool can serve, after being projected into a road surface, as an injection channel for resin or sealing concrete, cables or superstructures.
• the device for pyrotechnic projection of tools can be equipped with a tool-rod 33 for supporting the grounding cable 34.
• the guide rod preferably has an L or T profile but it is also possible to use another profile.
• the extra length of connection of the cable 35 is preferably coiled in the head of the piston 36.
• the pyrotechnic projection device according to the invention can project tools or tools that can be recovered or consumed in the ground, in materials or structures such as walls, paving, road coverings, etc.
• the triggering system 9a is fixed, on the cover or closure plate 15 and isolated from it, by means of four studs 75 forming a part with vents to evacuate gases from the trigger system. It is seen, in cooperation with the exploded view of Figure 3 that the closure plate 15 which can be slid in the two slides 16 of the cylinder head 7 using the operating handle 63, is locked in position during firing by a safety lug screw 64.
• a safety sensor 65 for closing the plate 15 makes it possible to initiate firing by the electromagnet 12 acting on the striker 13 only if the plate 15 which carries the electromagnet 12, is properly mounted and locked in position (by the relaxation of the screw-safety pin assembly 64).
• FIG. 14 shows a carrier machine 66 for transporting and setting the firing position of the tool projection device according to the present invention.
• This carrier 66 comprises an interface frame 67 for the frame 1, a jack 68 for rotating the frame 1 for transport and for firing, a tilt correction jack 69 and a rotation head 70.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Soil Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)
• Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
• Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
• Air Bags (AREA)
• Surgical Instruments (AREA)
• Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
• Dowels (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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ID=9465830

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• 1994
  • 1994-07-26 FR FR9409340A patent/FR2723115B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1995
  • 1995-07-25 WO PCT/FR1995/000998 patent/WO1996003549A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1995-07-25 CA CA002195803A patent/CA2195803A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-07-25 AU AU30822/95A patent/AU3082295A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-07-25 ES ES95926425T patent/ES2128751T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-07-25 EP EP95926425A patent/EP0774025B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-07-25 DE DE69506880T patent/DE69506880T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1995-07-25 AT AT95926425T patent/ATE174985T1/de active

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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