EP0772007A2 - Jet fan - Google Patents
Jet fan Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0772007A2 EP0772007A2 EP96117214A EP96117214A EP0772007A2 EP 0772007 A2 EP0772007 A2 EP 0772007A2 EP 96117214 A EP96117214 A EP 96117214A EP 96117214 A EP96117214 A EP 96117214A EP 0772007 A2 EP0772007 A2 EP 0772007A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- jet fan
- jet
- booster ring
- casing
- electric motor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F7/00—Ventilation
- F24F7/007—Ventilation with forced flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
- F04D29/38—Blades
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/003—Ventilation of traffic tunnels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
- F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
- F04D29/541—Specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/545—Ducts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an axial fan mounted on a ceiling portion of a tunnel for blowing out a jet to ventilate the inside of the tunnel.
- This kind of axial fan is generally called the jet fan.
- the jet fan mounted in the tunnel generates a thrust to induce a longitudinal flow of air for ventilation of air inside the tunnel.
- the air inside the tunnel receives from the jet fan a pressure equal to a value obtained by dividing the generated thrust by the sectional area of the tunnel.
- Fig. 9 depicts a conventional jet fan comprising a cylindrical casing 101, an electric motor 102 accommodated therein, and an impeller 103 directly connected to the electric motor 102.
- the jet fan shown in Fig. 9 also comprises generally cylindrical front and rear silencers 104 for absorbing noise generated by the impeller 103.
- Fig. 10 depicts another conventional jet fan having a plurality of inlet guide vanes 105.
- Fig. 11 depicts a further conventional jet fan having a plurality of outlet guide vanes 106.
- the thrust generated thereby is determined as the product of three values, the air density, the mass low rate passing through the jet fan, and the speed of a jet blown out of the silencer 104. Accordingly, only an increase in either the mass flow rate or the speed of the jet results in an increase in thrust.
- the present invention has been developed to overcome the above-described disadvantages.
- Another objective of the present invention is to provide the jet fan of the above-described type which has a simple construction and can be manufactured at a low cost.
- the jet fan according to the present invention comprises a generally cylindrical casing, an electric motor accommodated therein, and an impeller connected to the electric motor, and is characterized by at least one booster ring disposed concentrically with the casing and located downstream thereof with respect to a direction of an air flow.
- the booster ring has an aerofoil or arcuated plate sectional profile as viewed in a direction transverse to a longitudinal axis of the casing.
- the booster ring has an upper surface of aerofoil or arcuated plate sectional profile as its inner surface, and has a leading edge facing an air outlet of the jet fan and a trailing edge of a diameter smaller than that of the leading edge but greater than that of the air outlet.
- the above-described construction generates a lift and a drag on the booster ring by making use of a flow of air resulting from ambient air drawn into a high-speed jet.
- a resultant force of the lift and the drag has an axial component force directed opposite to the direction of the jet and creating a thrust on the booster ring.
- the jet fan of the present invention can further increase the air pressure inside the tunnel compared with the conventional jet fan having no booster ring.
- the jet fan comprises a generally cylindrical casing 1, an electric motor 2 accommodated therein, an impeller 3 directly connected to the electric motor 2, and generally cylindrical front and rear silencers 4 for absorbing noise generated by the impeller 3.
- the jet fan further comprises a booster ring 8 having an aerofoil or arcuated plate sectional profile as viewed in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the casing 1.
- the booster ring 8 is secured to the generally cylindrical rear silencer 4 in concentric relation therewith via a plurality of radial ribs 7.
- the booster ring 8 has an upper surface of aerofoil or arcuated plate sectional profile as its inner surface, and also has a leading edge facing an air or jet outlet of the jet fan and a trailing edge of a diameter smaller than that of the leading edge but greater than that of the air outlet.
- Fig. 7 indicates one example of measurement results of the thrust Tt exerting on the booster ring 8 while Fig. 8 depicts a booster ring used in the measurement.
- Fig. 7 indicates a relationship between the distance (x) from the jet outlet (outlet diameter: 100 mm) to the leading edge of the booster ring 8 and the thrust Tt exerting on the booster ring with the speed of the jet as a parameter.
- Fig. 7 reveals that the thrust Tt has been generated on the booster ring when the speed of the jet is 8 m/s, 17.7 m/s, 21.7 m/s or 27.7 m/s and when the distance (x) ranges 0 to 350 mm.
- the jet receives a booster force Fj in the direction of the jet. Accordingly, the provision of the booster ring 8 as shown in Fig. 1 allows the jet fan to have an increased thrust and a higher efficiency, thus making it possible to increase the air pressure inside the tunnel.
- the booster ring 8 may have an arcuated plate section as far as it has a streamline-shaped inner surface. It is further to be noted that the booster ring 8 may be made of a ring-shaped generally flat plate. In this case, however, the generally flat plate is bent so as to have a radially inwardly protruding generally arcuated shape in the direction of the jet.
- radial ribs 7 may have a polygonal section such as a rectangular section or a round section, they preferably have a streamline section to reduce air resistance or pressure loss.
- Fig. 2 depicts a jet fan according to a second embodiment of the present invention, which is of a structure similar to the jet fan of Fig. 1, but further comprises a plurality of inlet guide vanes 5 fixedly mounted around the electric motor 2 located upstream of the impeller 3 with respect to a direction of the air flow.
- Fig. 3 depicts a jet fan according to a third embodiment of the present invention, which is of a structure similar to the jet fan of Fig. 1, but further comprises a plurality of outlet guide vanes 6 fixedly mounted around the electric motor 2 located downstream of the impeller 3 with respect to the direction of the air flow.
- Each of the structures shown in Figs. 2 and 3 can reduce the rotating component of the air flow generated by the impeller 3. Accordingly, the thrust generated by the jet fan and the efficiency thereof can be further enhanced, compared with the jet fan of Fig. 1, to thereby increase the air pressure inside the tunnel.
- Fig. 4 depicts a jet fan according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, which is of a structure identical to the jet fan of Fig. 1, but has another booster ring 8 secured to the generally cylindrical rear silencer 4 in concentric relation therewith via a plurality of radial ribs 7.
- jet fan shown in Figs. 1 to 4 has one or two booster rings 8, it may have three or more booster rings disposed concentrically with one another.
- Fig. 5 depicts a jet fan according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, which comprises a generally cylindrical casing 1, an electric motor 2 accommodated therein, an impeller 3 directly connected to the electric motor 2, and generally cylindrical front and rear silencers 4.
- the jet fan of Fig. 5 further comprises a booster ring 8 not connected directly thereto but secured to the ceiling of the tunnel via a support rod 9 so that the casing 1 and the booster ring 8 are axially aligned in concentric relation.
- one or more booster rings 8 disposed concentrically with the casing 1 contribute to an increase in thrust and also in efficiency, thus increasing the air pressure inside the tunnel. Accordingly, supposing that the amount of ventilation required is the same, the jet fan of the present invention can reduce the power consumption or the number thereof can be reduced compared with the conventional case.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to an axial fan mounted on a ceiling portion of a tunnel for blowing out a jet to ventilate the inside of the tunnel. This kind of axial fan is generally called the jet fan.
- The jet fan mounted in the tunnel generates a thrust to induce a longitudinal flow of air for ventilation of air inside the tunnel. The air inside the tunnel receives from the jet fan a pressure equal to a value obtained by dividing the generated thrust by the sectional area of the tunnel. Recently, with an increase in traffic in the tunnel or an increase in power consumption, there is an increasing demand toward a strengthening of ventilation by the jet fan such that the jet fan may generate a higher thrust and have a higher efficiency.
- Fig. 9 depicts a conventional jet fan comprising a
cylindrical casing 101, anelectric motor 102 accommodated therein, and animpeller 103 directly connected to theelectric motor 102. The jet fan shown in Fig. 9 also comprises generally cylindrical front andrear silencers 104 for absorbing noise generated by theimpeller 103. - Fig. 10 depicts another conventional jet fan having a plurality of inlet guide vanes 105.
- Fig. 11 depicts a further conventional jet fan having a plurality of
outlet guide vanes 106. - In these conventional jet fans, when the
electric motor 102 rotates, theimpeller 103 increases the air pressure to make a flow of air. Because this kind of air flow has a rotating component, the jet fan shown in Fig. 10 or 11 having the guide vanes 105 or 106 reduces the rotating component of the air flow and, hence, has a higher efficiency than that shown in Fig. 9. - In the conventional jet fans, however, the thrust generated thereby is determined as the product of three values, the air density, the mass low rate passing through the jet fan, and the speed of a jet blown out of the
silencer 104. Accordingly, only an increase in either the mass flow rate or the speed of the jet results in an increase in thrust. - The present invention has been developed to overcome the above-described disadvantages.
- It is accordingly an objective of the present invention to provide a highly efficient jet fan capable of generating a high thrust to further increase the air pressure inside the tunnel without increasing the mass flow rate and the speed of the jet.
- Another objective of the present invention is to provide the jet fan of the above-described type which has a simple construction and can be manufactured at a low cost.
- In accomplishing the above and other objectives, the jet fan according to the present invention comprises a generally cylindrical casing, an electric motor accommodated therein, and an impeller connected to the electric motor, and is characterized by at least one booster ring disposed concentrically with the casing and located downstream thereof with respect to a direction of an air flow.
- Advantageously, the booster ring has an aerofoil or arcuated plate sectional profile as viewed in a direction transverse to a longitudinal axis of the casing.
- Also advantageously, the booster ring has an upper surface of aerofoil or arcuated plate sectional profile as its inner surface, and has a leading edge facing an air outlet of the jet fan and a trailing edge of a diameter smaller than that of the leading edge but greater than that of the air outlet.
- The above-described construction generates a lift and a drag on the booster ring by making use of a flow of air resulting from ambient air drawn into a high-speed jet. A resultant force of the lift and the drag has an axial component force directed opposite to the direction of the jet and creating a thrust on the booster ring. Because the jet receives a force in the direction thereof as a reaction of the thrust generated on the booster ring, the jet fan of the present invention can further increase the air pressure inside the tunnel compared with the conventional jet fan having no booster ring.
- The above and other objectives and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, throughout which like parts are designated by like reference numerals, and wherein:
- Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a jet fan according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
- Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
- Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
- Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
- Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
- Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating forces exerting on a booster ring;
- Fig. 7 is a graph indicating a relationship between the distance from a jet outlet to a leading edge of the booster ring and a thrust generated on the booster ring;
- Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the booster ring measured;
- Fig. 9 is a sectional view of a conventional jet fan;
- Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 9, but illustrating another conventional jet fan; and
- Fig. 11 is a view similar to Fig. 9, but illustrating a further conventional jet fan.
- Referring now to the drawings, there is shown in Fig. 1 a jet fan according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown therein, the jet fan comprises a generally
cylindrical casing 1, anelectric motor 2 accommodated therein, animpeller 3 directly connected to theelectric motor 2, and generally cylindrical front andrear silencers 4 for absorbing noise generated by theimpeller 3. The jet fan further comprises abooster ring 8 having an aerofoil or arcuated plate sectional profile as viewed in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of thecasing 1. Thebooster ring 8 is secured to the generally cylindricalrear silencer 4 in concentric relation therewith via a plurality ofradial ribs 7. Thebooster ring 8 has an upper surface of aerofoil or arcuated plate sectional profile as its inner surface, and also has a leading edge facing an air or jet outlet of the jet fan and a trailing edge of a diameter smaller than that of the leading edge but greater than that of the air outlet. - By the above-described construction, when the
electric motor 2 rotates, theimpeller 3 generates a flow of air which in turn passes as a jet through therear silencer 4. The jet draws ambient air into thebooster ring 8 to form a flow of air directed thereto. As a result, a lift L and a drag D exert on thebooster ring 8, as shown in Fig. 6. A resultant force of the lift L and the drag D has a component force Tt acting in a direction axially of thecasing 1. This component force Tt is directed opposite to the direction of the jet and is regarded as a thrust exerting on thebooster ring 8. - Fig. 7 indicates one example of measurement results of the thrust Tt exerting on the
booster ring 8, while Fig. 8 depicts a booster ring used in the measurement. Fig. 7 indicates a relationship between the distance (x) from the jet outlet (outlet diameter: 100 mm) to the leading edge of thebooster ring 8 and the thrust Tt exerting on the booster ring with the speed of the jet as a parameter. Fig. 7 reveals that the thrust Tt has been generated on the booster ring when the speed of the jet is 8 m/s, 17.7 m/s, 21.7 m/s or 27.7 m/s and when the distance (x) ranges 0 to 350 mm. - As a reaction of the thrust Tt thus generated on the
booster ring 8, the jet receives a booster force Fj in the direction of the jet. Accordingly, the provision of thebooster ring 8 as shown in Fig. 1 allows the jet fan to have an increased thrust and a higher efficiency, thus making it possible to increase the air pressure inside the tunnel. - It is to be noted here that although in the above-described embodiment the
booster ring 8 has been described as having an aerofoil section, it may have an arcuated plate section as far as it has a streamline-shaped inner surface. It is further to be noted that thebooster ring 8 may be made of a ring-shaped generally flat plate. In this case, however, the generally flat plate is bent so as to have a radially inwardly protruding generally arcuated shape in the direction of the jet. - It is also to be noted that although the
radial ribs 7 may have a polygonal section such as a rectangular section or a round section, they preferably have a streamline section to reduce air resistance or pressure loss. - Fig. 2 depicts a jet fan according to a second embodiment of the present invention, which is of a structure similar to the jet fan of Fig. 1, but further comprises a plurality of
inlet guide vanes 5 fixedly mounted around theelectric motor 2 located upstream of theimpeller 3 with respect to a direction of the air flow. - Fig. 3 depicts a jet fan according to a third embodiment of the present invention, which is of a structure similar to the jet fan of Fig. 1, but further comprises a plurality of
outlet guide vanes 6 fixedly mounted around theelectric motor 2 located downstream of theimpeller 3 with respect to the direction of the air flow. - Each of the structures shown in Figs. 2 and 3 can reduce the rotating component of the air flow generated by the
impeller 3. Accordingly, the thrust generated by the jet fan and the efficiency thereof can be further enhanced, compared with the jet fan of Fig. 1, to thereby increase the air pressure inside the tunnel. - Fig. 4 depicts a jet fan according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, which is of a structure identical to the jet fan of Fig. 1, but has another
booster ring 8 secured to the generally cylindricalrear silencer 4 in concentric relation therewith via a plurality ofradial ribs 7. - It is to be noted that although the jet fan shown in Figs. 1 to 4 has one or two
booster rings 8, it may have three or more booster rings disposed concentrically with one another. - Fig. 5 depicts a jet fan according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, which comprises a generally
cylindrical casing 1, anelectric motor 2 accommodated therein, animpeller 3 directly connected to theelectric motor 2, and generally cylindrical front andrear silencers 4. The jet fan of Fig. 5 further comprises abooster ring 8 not connected directly thereto but secured to the ceiling of the tunnel via a support rod 9 so that thecasing 1 and thebooster ring 8 are axially aligned in concentric relation. - As described hereinabove, according to the present invention, one or more booster rings 8 disposed concentrically with the
casing 1 contribute to an increase in thrust and also in efficiency, thus increasing the air pressure inside the tunnel. Accordingly, supposing that the amount of ventilation required is the same, the jet fan of the present invention can reduce the power consumption or the number thereof can be reduced compared with the conventional case. - Although the present invention has been fully described by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted here that various changes and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, unless such changes and modifications otherwise depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, they should be construed as being included therein.
Claims (4)
- A jet fan comprising a generally cylindrical casing (1), an electric motor (2) accommodated therein, and an impeller (3) connected to the electric motor (2),
characterized by:
at least one booster ring (8) disposed concentrically with the casing (1) and located downstream thereof with respect to a direction of an air flow. - The jet fan according to claim 1, wherein said booster ring (8) has an aerofoil sectional profile as viewed in a direction transverse to a longitudinal axis of the casing (1), and also has an upper surface of aerofoil sectional profile as its inner surface.
- The jet fan according to claim 1, wherein said booster ring (8) has an arcuated plate sectional profile as viewed in a direction transverse to a longitudinal axis of the casing (1), and also has an upper surface of arcuated plate sectional profile as its inner surface.
- The jet fan according to claim 1, wherein said booster ring (8) has a leading edge facing an air outlet of the jet fan and a trailing edge of a diameter smaller than that of the leading edge but greater than that of the air outlet.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP28128295 | 1995-10-30 | ||
JP281282/95 | 1995-10-30 | ||
JP28128295A JP3575891B2 (en) | 1995-10-30 | 1995-10-30 | Booster fan |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0772007A2 true EP0772007A2 (en) | 1997-05-07 |
EP0772007A3 EP0772007A3 (en) | 2000-05-03 |
EP0772007B1 EP0772007B1 (en) | 2004-02-04 |
Family
ID=17636907
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96117214A Expired - Lifetime EP0772007B1 (en) | 1995-10-30 | 1996-10-26 | Jet fan |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0772007B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3575891B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR0174803B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69631459T2 (en) |
TW (1) | TW397888B (en) |
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WO2012085525A1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-28 | Dyson Technology Limited | Fan assembly comprising annular nozzel and ceiling mount |
WO2012085526A1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-28 | Dyson Technology Limited | Bladeless ceiling fan comprising annular nozzle and support assembly for ceiling mount |
US9004858B2 (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2015-04-14 | Dyson Technology Limited | Fan |
US9062685B2 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2015-06-23 | Dyson Technology Limited | Fan assembly with tangential air inlet |
WO2016081693A1 (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-05-26 | Airius Ip Holdings, Llc | Air moving device |
US9534610B2 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2017-01-03 | Dyson Technology Limited | Fan discharge duct having a scroll section |
US9631627B2 (en) | 2004-03-15 | 2017-04-25 | Airius Ip Holdings, Llc | Columnar air moving devices, systems and methods |
US9702576B2 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2017-07-11 | Airius Ip Holdings, Llc | Columnar air moving devices, systems and methods |
US9797413B2 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2017-10-24 | Dyson Technology Limited | Bladeless ceiling fan |
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CN110207307A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-09-06 | 兰州大学 | A kind of indoor intelligent ventilating system |
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AU2012271641B2 (en) | 2011-06-15 | 2015-10-01 | Airius Ip Holdings, Llc | Columnar air moving devices and systems |
JP1518059S (en) | 2014-01-09 | 2015-02-23 | ||
JP1518058S (en) | 2014-01-09 | 2015-02-23 | ||
JP6518122B2 (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2019-05-22 | エビスマリン株式会社 | Fluid flow device |
USD820967S1 (en) | 2016-05-06 | 2018-06-19 | Airius Ip Holdings Llc | Air moving device |
USD805176S1 (en) | 2016-05-06 | 2017-12-12 | Airius Ip Holdings, Llc | Air moving device |
KR102166065B1 (en) | 2018-08-06 | 2020-10-15 | 주식회사 코스칼드바이오 | Biosoluble microniddle array and manufacutring method thereof |
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FR1181456A (en) * | 1957-08-07 | 1959-06-16 | Device for improving the performance of a streamlined body propelled in a fluid | |
AT308807B (en) * | 1968-01-15 | 1973-06-15 | Sina In Nat Autostradali | SYSTEM FOR LONGITUDINAL VENTILATION OF A SINGLE-LINE TUNNEL |
JPH08121836A (en) * | 1994-10-25 | 1996-05-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Jet fan and thrust augmenting device |
-
1995
- 1995-10-30 JP JP28128295A patent/JP3575891B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-10-26 EP EP96117214A patent/EP0772007B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-26 DE DE69631459T patent/DE69631459T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-29 TW TW085113188A patent/TW397888B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-30 KR KR1019960049946A patent/KR0174803B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None |
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Also Published As
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KR0174803B1 (en) | 1999-03-20 |
DE69631459T2 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
JP3575891B2 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
KR970021784A (en) | 1997-05-28 |
EP0772007A3 (en) | 2000-05-03 |
TW397888B (en) | 2000-07-11 |
EP0772007B1 (en) | 2004-02-04 |
JPH09126194A (en) | 1997-05-13 |
DE69631459D1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
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