EP0771932A1 - Rectifying stabiliser to drill an oil well - Google Patents

Rectifying stabiliser to drill an oil well Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0771932A1
EP0771932A1 EP96402304A EP96402304A EP0771932A1 EP 0771932 A1 EP0771932 A1 EP 0771932A1 EP 96402304 A EP96402304 A EP 96402304A EP 96402304 A EP96402304 A EP 96402304A EP 0771932 A1 EP0771932 A1 EP 0771932A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drilling
stabilizer
plates
blades
drill string
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96402304A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Vincent Maury
Jean-Claude Guerin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe National Elf Aquitaine
Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine Production SA
Original Assignee
Societe National Elf Aquitaine
Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine Production SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Societe National Elf Aquitaine, Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine Production SA filed Critical Societe National Elf Aquitaine
Publication of EP0771932A1 publication Critical patent/EP0771932A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • E21B10/26Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/32Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
    • E21B10/322Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools cutter shifted by fluid pressure
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • E21B10/003Drill bits with cutting edges facing in opposite axial directions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a reamer stabilizer for drilling oil wells.
  • This mechanism causes a lateral shift causing a real stair step in the longitudinal profile of the well.
  • This irregularity can block the passage of the tool if it occurred in front of the tool in a part already drilled during a descent of the rod train. If it occurs behind the tool or behind a stabilizer, it brakes and can even irreparably block the ascent of the drill string.
  • the blockage manifests itself firstly by an increase in pulls, the torque, a loss of rotation, then a jamming upwards, then in case of excessive efforts a jamming downwards.
  • the jamming generally manifests itself during the ascent of the drill string, by blocking the stabilizers which are at the nominal diameter of the hole.
  • Incidents of this type encountered during drilling result in significant loss of time, a few weeks or months on certain drilling, which translate into additional capital costs for drilling barges of up to several million francs.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a reamer stabilizer which allows to reinforce ground accidents in the well during the ascent of the drill string.
  • the invention provides a stabilizer having a true cutter system which includes reinforced and retractable blades.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an oil well
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are the sections of a well with landslides
  • Figures 3A and 3B present the details of the stabilizer and the bore system.
  • Figure 1 shows the general section of an oil well (1) with the drill string (2), the stabilizers (3) which serve to center the rods between the walls of the well (4).
  • the drill string ends with the drilling tool (5).
  • FIG. 2A represents the section of a well with a sliding of the grounds (6) on a clay layer (7).
  • FIG. 2B shows the same sliding phenomenon, with the stabilizer (3) jamming against a stair step (8) when raising the drill string.
  • the stabilizer can only pass this obstacle if the stair tread is drilled up by the improved stabilizer object of the invention.

Abstract

Reboring stabiliser for drilling oil wells in which a drill string comprises a shaft, stabilisers and a drilling tool at the lower end. The device contains a boring system for redrilling fractured ground forming steps in the well, while the drill string is removed or lowered. This new function is additional to the normal operation of stabilising the drill string during drilling. Pref. the stabiliser has a system of retractable boring plates. During normal drilling, these plates are retracted; during redrilling or boring steps, the plates are extended. The system for extending the plates is activated by adding a ball into the drill string with the drilling mud. The ball circulates when events create a loss of pressure great enough to force displacement of the sleeve. The plates are held extended by pins bearing the radial load without axial reaction on the control sleeve. The stabiliser also contains its own system for cleaning the plates to allow the mud to circulate from inside the stabilizer to the outside at the plates. The retractable plates are armed with stops limiting their opening which stops the reboring at the diameter of the existing shaft, preventing the shaft from being enlarged and trapping the stabiliser if the retraction system fails.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un stabilisateur réaléseur pour le forage de puits pétroliers.The present invention relates to a reamer stabilizer for drilling oil wells.

Lors des forages de puits de pétrole, on rencontre souvent des massifs rocheux comportant des fractures, failles, ou même des joints de stratification (tels les séries argilo-gréseuses, les flysch) qui peuvent être le siège d'instabilités particulières par glissement sur ces fractures, failles ou joints de stratification.When drilling oil wells, we often encounter rock masses with fractures, faults, or even stratification joints (such as clay-sandstone series, flysch) which can be the seat of particular instabilities by sliding on these fractures, faults or stratification joints.

Ce mécanisme cause un décalage latéral provoquant une véritable marche d'escalier dans le profil longitudinal du puits. Cette irrégularité peut bloquer le passage de l'outil si elle est survenue en avant de l'outil dans une partie déjà forée lors d'une redescente du train de tige. Si elle survient derrière l'outil ou derrière un stabilisateur, elle freine et peut même bloquer irrémédiablement la remontée du train de tiges. Le blocage se manifeste d'abord par une augmentation des tractions, du couple, une perte de la rotation, ensuite un coincement vers le haut, puis en cas d'efforts excessifs un coincement vers le bas.This mechanism causes a lateral shift causing a real stair step in the longitudinal profile of the well. This irregularity can block the passage of the tool if it occurred in front of the tool in a part already drilled during a descent of the rod train. If it occurs behind the tool or behind a stabilizer, it brakes and can even irreparably block the ascent of the drill string. The blockage manifests itself firstly by an increase in pulls, the torque, a loss of rotation, then a jamming upwards, then in case of excessive efforts a jamming downwards.

Les moyens classiques de dégagement (tractions, coulisses) ne parviennent en général qu'à mieux engager la partie coincée dans le siège du coincement, pour en définitive aboutir à un coincement total, nécessitant dévissage, abandon de la partie coincée et départ en déviation.Conventional means of release (pulls, slides) generally only succeed in better engaging the jammed part in the jamming seat, in the end leading to total jamming, requiring unscrewing, abandoning the jammed part and departure in deflection.

Le coincement se manifeste généralement au cours de la remontée du train de tiges, en bloquant les stabilisateurs qui sont au diamètre nominal du trou.The jamming generally manifests itself during the ascent of the drill string, by blocking the stabilizers which are at the nominal diameter of the hole.

Les incidents de ce type rencontrés lors des forages entraînent des pertes de temps importantes, quelques semaines ou quelques mois sur certains forages, qui se traduisent par des coûts supplémentaires d'immobilisation des barges de forage pouvant atteindre plusieurs millions de francs.Incidents of this type encountered during drilling result in significant loss of time, a few weeks or months on certain drilling, which translate into additional capital costs for drilling barges of up to several million francs.

Des études ont été faites pour réaliser des stabilisateurs avec les épaulements arrières renforcés ou équipés de pastilles, mais cette modification est mal adaptée à un réalésage de profil de trou résultant du type d'instabilités décrites ci-dessus par le mécanisme de glissement, et les essais n'ont pas été concluants.Studies have been made to make stabilizers with the rear shoulders reinforced or fitted with pads, but this modification is ill-suited to a reaming of the hole profile resulting from the type of instabilities described above by the sliding mechanism, and the trials have not been successful.

La présente invention a donc pour objet un stabilisateur réaléseur qui permet de reforer les accidents de terrain dans le puits lors de la remontée du train de tiges.The present invention therefore relates to a reamer stabilizer which allows to reinforce ground accidents in the well during the ascent of the drill string.

Pour ce faire, l'invention propose un stabilisateur possédant un véritable système de fraise qui comprend des lames renforcées et rétractables.To do this, the invention provides a stabilizer having a true cutter system which includes reinforced and retractable blades.

DESCRIPTION DE L'INVENTIONDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Les caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description ci-après faite en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe d'un puits de pétrole, les figures 2A et 2B sont les coupes d'un puits avec glissements de terrains et les figures 3A et 3B présentent les détails des stabilisateur et du système d'alésage.The characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear more clearly on reading the description below made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an oil well, FIGS. 2A and 2B are the sections of a well with landslides and Figures 3A and 3B present the details of the stabilizer and the bore system.

La figure 1 présente la coupe générale d'un puits pétrolier (1) avec le train de tiges de forage (2), les stabilisateurs (3) qui servent à centrer les tiges entre les parois du puits (4). Le train de tiges se termine par l'outil de forage (5).Figure 1 shows the general section of an oil well (1) with the drill string (2), the stabilizers (3) which serve to center the rods between the walls of the well (4). The drill string ends with the drilling tool (5).

La figure 2A représente la coupe d'un puits avec un glissement des terrains (6) sur une couche argileuse (7). Lors de la redescente du train de tiges dans un trou déjà foré, l'outil rencontre une marche d'escalier (8) qui bloque l'outil et qui doit être reforée.FIG. 2A represents the section of a well with a sliding of the grounds (6) on a clay layer (7). When lowering the drill string into a hole already drilled, the tool encounters a stair step (8) which blocks the tool and which must be reshaped.

La figure 2B représente le même phénomène de glissement, avec coincement du stabilisateur (3) contre une marche d'escalier (8) lors de la remontée du train de tiges. Le stabilisateur ne peut passer cet obstacle que si la marche d'escalier est forée en remontant par le stabilisateur perfectionné objet de l'invention.FIG. 2B shows the same sliding phenomenon, with the stabilizer (3) jamming against a stair step (8) when raising the drill string. The stabilizer can only pass this obstacle if the stair tread is drilled up by the improved stabilizer object of the invention.

Ce stabilisateur comprend un système escamotable de réalésage (voir figures 3A et 3B) constitué de plusieurs éléments :

  • un corps (11) aux dimensions externes similaires aux tiges utilisées ou aux corps de stabilisateurs,
  • une chemise de commande (12) équipée de joints (13) haut et bas assurant l'étanchéité intérieur-extérieur lorsque l'outil est en position rétracté. De plus, la chemise de commande (12) est équipée d'un support de bille (18) faisant également office de contrefort (raidisseur). Des évents de circulation de boue (19) créent la perte de charge nécessaire et donc une force suffisante pour assurer la translation de cette chemise en butée basse lorsque la bille (20) est en place ; ces évents sont partiellement obturables par bouchons vissés, pour une adaptation au débit utilisé,
  • des lames d'alésage à double sens (14) équipées de pastilles de diamant (24) pivotant sur des axes (15) et maintenues en position d'ouverture par les manetons (16) reprenant l'intégralité de la charge radiale sans réaction axiale sur la chemise de commande (12),
  • des taquets (17) solidaires des lames empêchent l'ouverture des lames au-delà du diamètre nominal du trou à restaurer,
  • un ressort de rappel (21) ramène automatiquement la chemise (12) en position haute lorsque le débit est réduit ou arrêté (outil fermé),
  • des lumières (22) et des duses amovibles (23) au travers desquelles circule la boue pour assurer le nettoyage des lames.
This stabilizer includes a retractable re-boring system (see Figures 3A and 3B) made up of several elements:
  • a body (11) with external dimensions similar to the rods used or to the stabilizer bodies,
  • a control jacket (12) fitted with top and bottom seals (13) ensuring the interior-exterior seal when the tool is in the retracted position. In addition, the control jacket (12) is equipped with a ball support (18) which also acts as a buttress (stiffener). Mud circulation vents (19) create the necessary pressure drop and therefore a sufficient force to ensure the translation of this liner into low stop when the ball (20) is in place; these vents are partially closable by screw caps, to adapt to the flow used,
  • two-way boring blades (14) fitted with diamond pads (24) pivoting on axes (15) and held in the open position by the crankpins (16) taking up the entire radial load without axial reaction on the control jacket (12),
  • cleats (17) integral with the blades prevent the blades from opening beyond the nominal diameter of the hole to be restored,
  • a return spring (21) automatically returns the jacket (12) to the high position when the flow rate is reduced or stopped (tool closed),
  • lights (22) and removable nozzles (23) through which the mud circulates to ensure the cleaning of the blades.

En forage normal (figure 3B), la force de rappel du ressort (21) est telle que la chemise demeure en position haute indépendamment du débit utilisé, tout le débit (Q1+Q2) passant par l'outil de forage ; si du réalésage doit être effectué, vers le haut ou le bas, la bille est lancée ; la surpression engendrée par les pertes de charge dans les évents (19) descend la chemise d'activation (12) qui ouvre les lames et dévie une partie du débit (Q1) sur celles-ci à travers les lumières (22) et les duses (23) (figure 3A).In normal drilling (Figure 3B), the return force of the spring (21) is such that the jacket remains in position high regardless of the flow used, all the flow (Q1 + Q2) passing through the drilling tool; if re-boring is to be carried out, up or down, the ball is launched; the overpressure generated by the pressure drops in the vents (19) lowers the activation jacket (12) which opens the blades and deflects part of the flow (Q1) on them through the lights (22) and the nozzles (23) (Figure 3A).

La réduction du débit permet à la chemise de remonter sous l'action du ressort rétablissant l'étanchéité entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur de la garniture pour le contrôle d'une venue d'hydrocarbures, le cas échéant. Toute augmentation du débit réouvre les lames de coupe ; les lames ne s'ouvrant pas au-delà du diamètre nominal de forage, tout incident de fermeture sera sans conséquence majeure, à l'exception d'une détérioration rapide des éléments de coupe, problème que la rétraction cherche à éviter.The reduction in flow allows the liner to rise under the action of the spring restoring the seal between the inside and the outside of the gasket to control the arrival of hydrocarbons, if necessary. Any increase in flow reopens the cutting blades; since the blades do not open beyond the nominal borehole diameter, any closure incident will have no major consequence, with the exception of rapid deterioration of the cutting elements, a problem that the retraction seeks to avoid.

Les avantages principaux apportés par ce stabilisateur réaléseur sont au nombre de trois :

  • l'alésage est possible vers le haut et vers le bas, en raison de la forme incurvée des lames (14) et de la conception du maneton (16) qui tient les lames en position écartée quel que soit le sens de déplacement du stabilisateur vers le haut ou vers le bas,
  • les conséquences graves ne sont pas à craindre en cas de mauvais fonctionnement du stabilisateur, puisque le diamètre maximum des lames ouvertes n'excède pas le diamètre du trou ; le stabilisateur ne risque pas de coincement,
  • les éléments de coupe restent en parfait état lorsque le besoin s'en fait sentir puisque ils ne sont pas utilisés en forage normal, mais seulement dans des cas exceptionnels.
There are three main advantages brought by this stabilizer stabilizer:
  • reaming is possible up and down, due to the curved shape of the blades (14) and the design of the crankpin (16) which holds the blades in the spread position regardless of the direction of travel of the stabilizer up or down,
  • the serious consequences are not to be feared in the event of a malfunction of the stabilizer, since the maximum diameter of the open blades does not exceed the diameter of the hole; the stabilizer does not risk being trapped,
  • the cutting elements remain in perfect condition when the need arises since they are not used in normal drilling, but only in exceptional cases.

Claims (7)

Stabilisateur réaléseur pour le forage de puits pétroliers, puits dans lequel sont disposés une garniture de forage comprenant des tiges, des stabilisateurs et un outil de forage à son extrémité inférieure, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un système d'alésage pour reforer des terrains fracturés présentant des marches d'escalier dans le puits, lors de la remontée ou de la descente du train de tiges. Cette fonction nouvelle s'ajoute à la fonction normale de stabilisation du train de tiges pendant le forage.Stabilizer reamer for drilling oil wells, wells in which are arranged a drill string comprising rods, stabilizers and a drilling tool at its lower end, characterized in that it comprises a bore system for reshaping terrains fractured with stair treads in the well, when going up or down the drill string. This new function is added to the normal stabilization function of the drill string during drilling. Stabilisateur réaléseur selon la revendication 1 caractérisé par un système de lames d'alésage rétractables. Pendant le forage normal, les lames sont rentrées ; pendant le reforage ou alésage des marches d'escalier, les lames sont écartées.Stabilizer reamer according to claim 1 characterized by a system of retractable bore blades. During normal drilling, the blades are retracted; during the re-drilling or reaming of the stair treads, the blades are spread. Stabilisateur réaléseur selon les revendications 1 et 2 caractérisé en ce que les systèmes d'écartement des lames est activable par lancement d'une bille dans le train de tiges avec la boue de forage, la boue circulant dans des évents qui créent une perte de charge suffisante pour forcer le déplacement de la chemise.Stabilizer reamer according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the blade spacing systems can be activated by launching a ball in the drill string with the drilling mud, the mud circulating in vents which create a pressure drop sufficient to force movement of the shirt. Stabilisateur réaléseur selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les lames sont maintenues écartées par des manetons reprenant l'intégralité de la charge radiale sans réaction axiale sur la chemise de commandes.Stabilizer reamer according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the blades are kept apart by crank pins taking up the entire radial load without axial reaction on the control jacket. Stabilisateur réaléseur selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il possède son propre système de nettoyage des lames constitué de lumières et de duses amovibles permettant la circulation de la boue de l'intérieur de stabilisateur vers l'extérieur au niveau des lames.Stabilizer reamer according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has its own blade cleaning system consisting of lights and removable nozzles allowing the circulation of the mud from the inside of the stabilizer to the outside at the blades . Stabilisateur réaléseur selon les revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les lames rétractables sont munies de taquets limiteurs d'ouverture qui arrêtent le reforage au diamètre du puits existant, évitant ainsi d'agrandir le puits et de coincer le stabilisateur en cas de mauvais fonctionnement du système de rétraction des lames.Stabilizer re-reamer according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the retractable blades are provided with opening limiters which stop the re-drilling to the diameter of the existing well, thus avoiding enlarging the well and jamming the stabilizer in case of bad operation of the blade retraction system. Stabilisateur réaléseur selon les revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il autorise le double forage vers le haut et vers le bas, en raison de la courbure spéciale des lames abrasives et de la conception des manetons qui maintiennent les lames écartées, quelque soit le sens de déplacement.Stabilizer reamer according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it allows the double drilling up and down, due to the special curvature of the abrasive blades and the design of the crankpins which keep the blades apart, whatever the direction of travel.
EP96402304A 1995-10-31 1996-10-30 Rectifying stabiliser to drill an oil well Withdrawn EP0771932A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9512838A FR2740508B1 (en) 1995-10-31 1995-10-31 REALIZER STABILIZER FOR DRILLING AN OIL WELL
FR9512838 1995-10-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0771932A1 true EP0771932A1 (en) 1997-05-07

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EP96402304A Withdrawn EP0771932A1 (en) 1995-10-31 1996-10-30 Rectifying stabiliser to drill an oil well

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US (1) US5788000A (en)
EP (1) EP0771932A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2189269A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2740508B1 (en)
NO (1) NO964591L (en)

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Also Published As

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NO964591L (en) 1997-05-02
NO964591D0 (en) 1996-10-30
US5788000A (en) 1998-08-04
FR2740508A1 (en) 1997-04-30
CA2189269A1 (en) 1997-05-01
FR2740508B1 (en) 1997-11-21

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