EP0766905A1 - Remote monitoring and controlling device for a discharge lamp - Google Patents

Remote monitoring and controlling device for a discharge lamp

Info

Publication number
EP0766905A1
EP0766905A1 EP96919886A EP96919886A EP0766905A1 EP 0766905 A1 EP0766905 A1 EP 0766905A1 EP 96919886 A EP96919886 A EP 96919886A EP 96919886 A EP96919886 A EP 96919886A EP 0766905 A1 EP0766905 A1 EP 0766905A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lamp
signal
phase
central station
carrier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96919886A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0766905B1 (en
Inventor
René Duranton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0766905A1 publication Critical patent/EP0766905A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0766905B1 publication Critical patent/EP0766905B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/20—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection
    • H05B47/21—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection of two or more light sources connected in parallel
    • H05B47/22—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection of two or more light sources connected in parallel with communication between the lamps and a central unit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
    • H05B47/185—Controlling the light source by remote control via power line carrier transmission

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for the remote control and monitoring of a discharge lamp.
  • discharge lamps have a certain lifespan. They must therefore be replaced regularly, which poses some problems in the case of public lighting. Indeed, when it comes to monitoring the operation of a large number of candelabras distributed for example, in a city, it is necessary to have a lighting maintenance team which regularly carries out a test campaign consisting of to light the candelabras by day so that you can be sure visually of the proper functioning of the lamps, and possibly to replace the faulty lamps. To ensure good lighting quality with a low rate of faulty lamps, these campaigns must be carried out frequently. In practice, the maintenance team moves to change a reduced number of lamps, resulting in a high maintenance cost.
  • the present invention aims to eliminate these drawbacks. To this end, it offers a device for the remote control and monitoring of a discharge lamp supplied by an electrical distribution network.
  • This device is characterized in that it is installed near the lamp, and that it comprises means for transmitting and receiving messages conveyed by the intermediary of the electric power supply line of the lamp, by current modulated bidirectional carrier, allowing it to communicate with a central station, said device comprising means for controlling the switching on and off of the lamp, according to instructions issued by the central station, and means for detecting failures of the lamp and notify the central station.
  • each candelabrum is controlled and monitored independently of the others, and it is not necessary to provide a telephone link between each electrical distribution cabinet and the central station.
  • control and monitoring device comprises means for controlling the light intensity of the lamp as a function of instructions issued by the central station.
  • control and monitoring device comprises means for detecting the degradation of the operating state of the lamp.
  • the device comprises means for counting the operating time of the lamp.
  • the device receives all the messages conveyed by the power line and retransmits messages which are not intended for it.
  • the device can therefore play the role of repeater. As each candelabrum is usually found nearby
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents the architecture of an electricity distribution network using the control and monitoring device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the connection diagram of the control and monitoring device with a discharge lamp
  • Figure 3 shows in detail the electrical diagram of the control and monitoring device
  • Figure 4 shows a set of timing diagrams illustrating the operation of the control and monitoring device
  • FIG. 5 shows a circuit for transmitting and receiving digital messages on the electrical distribution network.
  • Figure 1 shows an electrical substation 1 for transforming the electricity into high voltage it receives, into low voltage (220 V) three-phase, to supply a set of 2.6 electrical distribution cabinets, including the cabinets distribution 6 allocated to public lighting.
  • Each distribution cabinet 6 for lighting receives as input the three-phase low-voltage electric current, and supplies a set of electric lines 7 with single-phase low voltage.
  • Each of these lines 7 comprises two wires 15, 16 making it possible to supply a plurality of discharge lamps 11 each associated with a control and monitoring device 10 according to the invention.
  • the device 10 is designed to transmit and receive information by carrier current, in phase modulation, for example at a frequency of 132 kHz, via the electrical distribution network, to communicate with a central station 3 connected to another distribution cabinet 2.
  • the central station is equipped with a computer 5, connected to the electrical network by means of an interface module 4 which exchanges information between the computer 5 and the electrical network.
  • the control and surveillance device 10 is connected to the two wires, phase 15 and neutral 16 of an electric line, the neutral being also connected to one of the terminals of the discharge lamp 11.
  • ballast 14 With high inductive impedance applying a supply voltage supplied by the device 10 to the lamp 11 and to the ignition circuit 13, the ballast 14 having the purpose of limiting the current passing through the lamp 11 when the latter is on.
  • the lamp 11 When the lamp 11 is off, no current flows through it.
  • the voltage applied to the input of the ballast 14 is then transferred to the ignition circuit 13 which makes it possible to apply to the terminals of the lamp 11 a voltage pulse (of the order of 2000 V) greater than the ignition threshold of the lamp, causing the lamp 11 to ignite, and therefore the passage of current therein.
  • a voltage pulse of the order of 2000 V
  • ballast 14 As the impedance of the ballast 14 is strongly self-inductive, it is imperative to have in parallel a capacitor 12 for correcting the cosine phi.
  • a starting pulse generator is associated with the lamp 11 and ballast 14 assembly.
  • control and surveil ⁇ lance device 10 comprises three stages, namely:
  • a first stage ensuring the supply of the device, its coupling to the electricity distribution network, and the generation of a synchronization signal from the voltage Us supplied by the electric network, a second stage ensuring the control and monitoring of the discharge lamp 11, and
  • a third stage organized around a microprocessor 23 ensuring the control of the entire device.
  • the first floor includes:
  • a supply circuit 21 which, from the voltage Us between the phase 15 and the neutral 16, supplies the supply voltages necessary for the various organs of the device 10,
  • a coupling circuit 22 connected between phase 15 and neutral 16, designed to exchange information between the microprocessor 23 and the electrical network, and
  • a synchronization circuit 22 also connected between phase 15 and neutral 16, designed to generate a logic signal SS synchronous with the electrical voltage Us supplied by the electrical network, this logic signal SS being applied to an input of the microprocessor 23.
  • the coupling circuit 22 can be produced using a transformer or a resonant circuit of the LC type calibrated on the frequency of the carrier for transmission of messages by carrier current.
  • the second stage, or output stage comprises, in series between phase 15 and ballast 14, an inductance Z1, followed by two switches K1, K2 in series.
  • the first switch K1 of the relay or triac type, is controlled by the microprocessor 23, from the synchronization signal SS supplied by the synchronization circuit 27, and is intended to apply the voltage Us supplied by the network to the discharge lamp 11, and in particular to the correction capacitor 12 connected to the junction point between the two switches K1, K2.
  • the load then being capaci- tive, the command Kl is applied to the zero crossing of the network voltage Us.
  • the second switch K2 of the thyristor or triac type, is intended to supply the lamp 11 via the ballast 14. It is controlled by a logic signal CK2 from a comparator 30. It is also connected to neutral 16 by via a capacitive impedance Z3 intended to establish a current Iz when the lamp 11 is absent or has failed.
  • a second synchronization circuit Z2 In parallel with the second switch K2, there is a second synchronization circuit Z2, called the lamp synchronization circuit, which delivers a logic lamp synchronization signal SL at 0 when the switch K2 is open, and at 1 when the latter is closed.
  • the mains synchronization circuits 27 and lamp Z2 can be produced on the basis of photo-couplers so as to ensure good electrical insulation between the second and third stages.
  • the third stage, or control stage, comprises, around the microprocessor 23:
  • an EEPROM memory 24 making it possible to save information, in particular information related to the configuration of the device 10,
  • a transmission / reception circuit 25 designed to modulate the information to be transmitted, supplied by the microprocessor 23, and to send the signal thus obtained to the coupling circuit 22, and to demodulate and amplify the information signals transmitted by the coupling circuit 22, and deliver the information thus obtained to the microprocessor 23, a digital / analog converter 29 making it possible to convert an opening angle setpoint supplied by the microprocessor 23 into an analog signal,
  • the comparator 30 with two states which compares the setpoint supplied by the converter 29 with the sawtooth signal SI generated by an integrator 28 controlled by the synchronization signal SL coming from the circuit Z2.
  • the microprocessor 23 is connected to two indicators, a red indicator 31 for signaling faults, and a green indicator 32 for signaling the operating states. It is also connected to an on / off button 33 and a button 34 which, when the lamp 11 is changed, triggers the transmission of an initialization signal to the central station 3, indicating the effective replacement of the lamp 11, and allowing the reset of a lamp usage time counter 11.
  • the microprocessor 23 communicates with the central station 3 by messages transmitted by carrier current, in phase modulation, for example at a frequency of 132 kHz, via the electrical distribution network.
  • each lamp 11 controlled by the central station 3 is identified by an identification code which is inserted in each message exchanged with the central station.
  • the operation of the command and surveillance device is illustrated by the timing diagrams of FIG. 4.
  • Curve C1 shows that the voltage Us between phase 15 and neutral 16, or else the voltage Uc at the junction point between the two switches K1, K2, has a sinusoidal shape.
  • Curve C2 shows the shape of the logic sector synchronization signal SS from circuit 27, which changes logic state each time the mains voltage Us is canceled.
  • the microprocessor 23 controls the switch Kl when the mains voltage Us crosses zero, thanks to the sector synchronization signal SS shown by the curve C2.
  • the detection of a voltage UK2 at the terminals of the switch K2 by the lamp synchronization circuit Z2 leads to the release of the integrator 28.
  • the comparator 30 delivers a voltage of command CK2 which allows the ignition of switch K2.
  • Switch K2 is in turn controlled with a zero setpoint, implying a zero opening angle 41.
  • the load of K2 is inductive, the current IB passing through it is therefore delayed by a certain phase shift 42 with respect to the voltage Uc (curve C4).
  • the current IB which flows through the switch K2 determines the alternation. K2 therefore remains on as long as the current IB has not reached a value close to zero.
  • the voltage UB (curve C3) at the terminals of the ballast 14 is then practically identical to the mains voltage Us.
  • the lamp synchronization circuit Z2 delivers a logic signal SL at 1 each time that the absolute value of the voltage UK2 at the terminals of the switch K2 exceeds the threshold 45, that is to say, during the periods when the switch K2 is located blocked (curve C6).
  • This logic signal SL is sent to the microprocessor 23, and is applied at the input of the integrator 28 which delivers a sawtooth signal which remains zero when the lamp synchronization signal SL is at logic level 0 (curve C7).
  • the circuit described above makes it possible to reduce the voltage applied to the lamp 11, in order to reduce the intensity of the lighting.
  • the microprocessor 23 can impose a setpoint in the form of binary data applied to the input of the analog / digital converter 29.
  • this setpoint data is not zero, a logic signal is obtained at the output of the comparator 30 at 1 when the signal at the integrator output exceeds the threshold 46 defined by this setpoint, and at zero otherwise, the signal CK2 coming from the comparator 30 used to control the commutator K2 (curve C8).
  • the switch K2 receives control pulses CK2 late with respect to the voltage pulses UK2 at its terminals, which delays the tripping of switch K2.
  • the periods during which the current IB (curve C4) and the voltage UB (curve C3) remain zero, corresponding to the opening angle 41, are thus lengthened, which causes a reduction in the effective intensity of the current IB and of the effective voltage applied to the terminals of the lamp 11, and therefore a reduction in the intensity of the lighting produced by the lamp 11.
  • Curves C9 to C13 illustrate the detection of lamp stalls.
  • the stall or a breakdown of the lamp results in the absence of current IB at the input of the ballast 14.
  • the load is then only determined by 1 * impedance Z3 placed between the switch K2 and the neutral 16, this load being insufficient to maintain switch K2 in the on state.
  • the capacitive impedance Z3 is then crossed by a current Iz in phase advance 43, and practically in phase quadrature with the voltage Uc at the input of the switch K2 (curve C9).
  • the resistive impedance of Z2 and the capacitive impedance of Z3 then form a voltage divider bridge so that the resulting voltage UK2 across the terminals of switch K2 is less than the trigger voltage threshold 45 of the latter (CIO curve ).
  • the detection threshold 44 of the lamp synchronization circuit Z2 being much lower than the triggering threshold 45 of the switch K2, the lamp synchronization signal SL is therefore at logic level 1 in the vicinity of each zero crossing of the mains voltage Us (curve Cil ).
  • Curve C12 shows the signal SI at the output of the integrator 28, obtained from the lamp synchronization signal SL having the shape of the curve Cil.
  • the curve C13 shows the shape of the signal CK2 for controlling the switch K2 ,. which is at logic level 1 when the curve C12 exceeds the setpoint threshold 46.
  • the voltage UK2 at the terminals of the switch K2 is. lower than the trigger threshold 45 thereof, it therefore remains blocked regardless of the command applied to it.
  • the microprocessor 23 can determine whether the lamp 11 is off or on by comparing the sector synchronization signals SS and lamp SL. If the instants of the rising and / or falling edges of the signal SS correspond to instants when the signal SL is zero (curves 2 and 6), the lamp is detected on. Otherwise (curves 2 and 11) the lamp is detected off.
  • the load is self-inductive.
  • the switch K2 therefore has a hundred volts at its terminals to be triggered, and when the mains voltage Us crosses zero, the lamp synchronization signal SL is also at zero.
  • the load becomes capacitive.
  • the switch K2 therefore no longer has enough holding current IB, and the voltage at its terminals UK2 is insufficient to be able to be triggered.
  • the lamp synchronization signal SL is at 1.
  • each control and monitoring device 10 has variable instructions which can change depending on the state of the lamp it controls. This state is determined during the reduction regime: if the microprocessor 23 realizes that during the reduction in lighting intensity, the lamp goes off, it then decreases the reduction rate expected.
  • the microprocessor 23 advantageously has 7 reduction rates, and when it reaches a predetermined alert rate, it alerts the central station 3 of the deterioration of the lamp 11.
  • the microprocessor 23 is further designed to declare a faulty lamp 11 which no longer tolerates reduction or which can no longer prime at maximum voltage. In practice, a time delay of a few minutes is left to the ignition circuit 13 before declaring the lamp 11 faulty and notifying the central station 3.
  • the operator When changing the lamp 11, the operator actuates the button 34, making it possible on the one hand to warn the central station 3 of the lamp change, and on the other hand to reset the variable parameters such as the reduction rate of the lamp lighting.
  • the computer 5 of the central station 3 is connected to a database 8 where information concerning each lamp is stored and in particular:
  • the computer 5 of the central station 3 can count the duration of operation of each lamp, and compare this duration to an alert threshold, the crossing of this threshold indicating that the lamp is to be replaced.
  • the central station 3 can thus establish a list of lamps to be replaced by grouping together the information for exceeding this alert threshold, for lamp degradation detection, and for lamp in failure, so as to prepare and trigger replacement interventions, when the lamps to be tracked are in sufficient number. We can thus group the interventions in order to reduce the unit cost, the maintenance team being warned of changes in lamps to be provided before they are truly out of service.
  • the transmission / reception circuit 25 shown in FIG. 3 is a phase modulation modulator / demodulator, of the synchronized asynchronous type, comprising for example, a first EXCLUSIVE OR gate 53 which combines a carrier F with the signal of the data to be transmitted from the connection terminal T x of the microprocessor 23, and delivers a signal modulated in phase or in phase opposition with the carrier as a function of the logic level 0 or 1 of the data to be transmitted.
  • a phase modulation modulator / demodulator of the synchronized asynchronous type, comprising for example, a first EXCLUSIVE OR gate 53 which combines a carrier F with the signal of the data to be transmitted from the connection terminal T x of the microprocessor 23, and delivers a signal modulated in phase or in phase opposition with the carrier as a function of the logic level 0 or 1 of the data to be transmitted.
  • the output of gate 53 is connected to coupling circuit 22 which is either positioned in transmission or in reception thanks to a signal T X R X transmitted by the microprocessor 23 and applied to the input E / R of coupling circuit 22.
  • the coupling circuit 22 When the coupling circuit 22 is positioned in transmission, it has a low output impedance, of the order of a few Ohms. It also makes it possible to filter the signal emitted to transform it into a sinusoidal signal.
  • the carrier Ft is obtained by means of an oscillator 54 controlled in frequency and in phase by a feedback loop applying a control voltage Ug at the input of the oscillator 54.
  • This feedback loop comprises:
  • an EXCLUSIVE OR gate 52 one input of which is connected to the output of the oscillator 54, a sampler-blocker constituted by a pulse generator 56 which controls a switch 60 whose input is connected to the output of door 52, and which makes it possible to charge a capacitor C ⁇ connected to ground,
  • the pulse generator 56 delivers a signal d (Ft) consisting of one pulse at each edge of the input signal F, that is to say, two pulses per period of the signal Ft-
  • d (Ft) consisting of one pulse at each edge of the input signal F, that is to say, two pulses per period of the signal Ft-
  • the switch 60 is open between two pulses of the signal d (Ft)
  • the voltage across the capacitor C ⁇ remains blocked at logic level 0 or 1 of the last value of the voltage sampled by the switch 60 when the latter has been closed during a pulse supplied by the generator 56.
  • the signal T X R X also serves to control a switch 57 which makes it possible to select either the data signal F x received by the coupling circuit 22, or a signal F Q generated by an oscillator 58, preferably controlled by a quartz.
  • This signal F Q has a periodic rectangular voltage having a constant frequency, equal to that of the carrier.
  • the signal F Q OR F X selected by the switch 57 is sent to the input of the EXCLUSIVE OR gate 52.
  • the control loop thus makes it possible to calibrate the frequency and the phase of the signal Ft delivered by the oscillator 54, at the emission, on those of the signal F 0 , and on reception, on those of the received signal F x .
  • the switch 57 is positioned by the signal T X R X so as to apply the output signal F Q of the oscillator 58 to an input of the gate 52.
  • the signal FQ being constant, the signal Ft generated by the oscillator 54 is also constant, as well as the signal d (Ft) generated by the pulse generator 6 and which controls the switch 10.
  • the signal passing through the switch 60 charges the capacitor C ⁇ at logic level 0 or 1, which blocks the voltage across the capacitor at logic level 0 or 1 from the last sample taken to the next sample.
  • the filter 62 makes it possible to obtain a voltage Ug for controlling the oscillator 54 so that the signal F corresponds in frequency to the signal FQ.
  • the signal T x emitted by the microprocessor 23 begins with a start bit to allow the recipient of this signal to remove the uncertainty on the initial phase of the signal. On reception, the value of this start bit can be used to determine whether or not to invert the value of the following bits contained in the received signal.
  • the coupling circuit 22 On reception, the coupling circuit 22 is positioned on reception by the signal T X R X , it then has a high input impedance, of the order of a few hundred Ohms, so as to transmit the data signal F X of the electrical network to an amplifier 59 which also performs filtering of the parasitic frequencies circulating on the electrical distribution network.
  • the switch 7 is positioned by the signal T X R X so as to apply the signal F x to the input of the gate 52.
  • the EXCLUSIVE OR gate 52 then combines the carrier with the received signal F x , to obtain a signal Ft + F x at logic level 0 or 1 depending on whether the received signal F x is in phase or in phase opposition with the carrier Ft, the signal Ft + F x being introduced into the control loop described above.
  • the sampler-blocker constituted by the generator 56 which controls the switch 60, as well as the capacitor C ⁇ makes it possible to reset the received signal F x at constant phase with respect to the frequency Ft, and supplies the microprocessor 23 with the signal demodulated Uj available across the capacitor Cj.
  • This demodulated signal is applied via an inverter 63, on the one hand to the input R x of the data received from the microprocessor 23, and on the other hand to the input P for detecting the carrier of the microprocessor 23 , through a pulse generator 64 and a time constant circuit 65.
  • the microprocessor 23 can determine whether it should wait for reception of a message in the event of detection of the carrier on its R x input, and if it can send a message in the absence of a carrier.
  • this circuit can transmit and receive a digital signal at the speed of 90 kilo-bits per second.
  • the microprocessor 23 receives all the messages detected by the coupling 22 and reception 25 circuits, and commands the re-transmission of the messages which are not given to it. not intended. This solution makes it possible to order and monitor a large number of candelabras, thanks to the demodulation principle which makes it possible to achieve high transmission speeds.

Abstract

A remote controlling and monitoring device (10) for a discharge lamp powered by an electricity distribution line is installed adjacent a lamp (11) and comprises means for transmitting and receiving messages carried by the electric line (15, 16) supplying power to the lamp (11) by a modulated bi-directional carrier current so as to communicate with a central station (3), means for controlling the switching on and switching off as well as the lighting intensity of the lamp according to instructions from the central station (3) and means for detecting a failure in the lamp (11) and for informing the central station (3) accordingly.

Description

DISPOSITIF POUR LA COMMANDE ET LA SURVEILLANCE A DISTANCE D'UNE LAMPE A DECHARGE.DEVICE FOR REMOTE CONTROL AND MONITORING OF A DISCHARGE LAMP.
La présente invention concerne un dispositif pour la commande et la surveillance à distance d'une lampe à décharge.The present invention relates to a device for the remote control and monitoring of a discharge lamp.
Elle s'applique notamment, mais non exclusivement, à l'éclairage public, lequel est constitué d'un grand nombre de candélabres équipés chacun d'une lampe à décharge. De tels candélabres sont généralement alimentés par l'intermé¬ diaire d'armoires de distribution électrique situées à de relativement courtes distances.It applies in particular, but not exclusively, to public lighting, which consists of a large number of candelabras each equipped with a discharge lamp. Such candelabras are generally supplied by means of electrical distribution cabinets located at relatively short distances.
Or, les lampes à décharge ont une certaine durée de vie. Il faut donc les remplacer régulièrement, ce qui pose quelques problèmes dans le cas de l'éclairage public. En effet, lorsqu'il s'agit de surveiller le fonctionnement d'un grand nombre de candélabres répartis par exemple, dans une ville, il faut disposer d'une équipe d'entretien de l'éclairage qui effectue régulièrement une campagne de test consistant à allumer de jour les candélabres afin de pouvoir s'assurer visuellement du bon fonctionnement des lampes, et éventuel¬ lement à remplacer les lampes défaillantes. Pour assurer une bonne qualité d'éclairage avec un faible taux de lampes en panne, ces campagnes doivent être effectuées fréquem- ment. Pratiquement, l'équipe d'entretien se déplace pour le changement d'un nombre réduit de lampes, induisant un coût d'entretien élevé.However, discharge lamps have a certain lifespan. They must therefore be replaced regularly, which poses some problems in the case of public lighting. Indeed, when it comes to monitoring the operation of a large number of candelabras distributed for example, in a city, it is necessary to have a lighting maintenance team which regularly carries out a test campaign consisting of to light the candelabras by day so that you can be sure visually of the proper functioning of the lamps, and possibly to replace the faulty lamps. To ensure good lighting quality with a low rate of faulty lamps, these campaigns must be carried out frequently. In practice, the maintenance team moves to change a reduced number of lamps, resulting in a high maintenance cost.
Par ailleurs, on a constaté que les besoins d'éclairage en fonction des saisons et du moment de la nuit n'étaient pas constants. Ainsi, par exemple, pendant certaines heures de la nuit, il n'est pas nécessaire d'avoir une intensité lumineuse aussi élevée qu'aux autres moments. Des économies substantielles pourraient donc être réalisées si l'on pouvait commander l'intensité de l'éclairage public. Il va de soi qu'une telle opération n'est envisageable que si elle peut être effectuée à distance.In addition, it was found that the lighting requirements according to the seasons and the time of the night were not constant. Thus, for example, during certain hours of the night, it is not necessary to have a light intensity as high as at other times. Substantial savings could therefore be made if the intensity of public lighting could be controlled. It goes without saying that such an operation can only be envisaged if it can be carried out remotely.
Pour supprimer ces inconvénients, on a utilisé des appareils équipés d'un transmetteur téléphonique que l'on a placé dans les armoires de distribution électrique. Ces appareils sont conçus pour détecter des variations de consommation au niveau des lignes électriques d'alimenta¬ tion des candélabres, une telle variation révélant un défaut d'éclairage, et pour émettre automatiquement un signal de défaut sur une ligne téléphonique. Il s'avère que cet appareil présente de nombreux inconvé¬ nients. Tout d'abord, il nécessite une liaison téléphonique avec un poste de surveillance, ce qui présente un coût d'installation, d'abonnement et de télécommunications non négligeable. En outre, il ne permet pas de déterminer avec précision le candélabre défaillant, étant donné qu'une ligne électrique alimente plusieurs candélabres à la fois.To overcome these drawbacks, apparatuses equipped with a telephone transmitter were used which were placed in the electrical distribution cabinets. These devices are designed to detect variations in consumption at the level of the power supply lines of the candelabra, such a variation revealing a lighting fault, and to automatically transmit a fault signal on a telephone line. It turns out that this device has many drawbacks. First of all, it requires a telephone link with a monitoring station, which presents a significant installation, subscription and telecommunications cost. In addition, it does not make it possible to precisely determine the defective candelabrum, given that an electric line supplies several candelabras at the same time.
Par ailleurs, pour réaliser des économies d'énergie, on a disposé des variateurs dans les armoires électriques sur chaque ligne pour faire varier simultanément l'intensité de l'éclairage de tous les candélabres raccordés à la ligne. Cependant, cette solution ne permet pas d'adapter l'inten¬ sité lumineuse de chaque lampe séparément.In addition, to achieve energy savings, dimmers were placed in the electrical cabinets on each line to simultaneously vary the intensity of the lighting of all the candelabra connected to the line. However, this solution does not make it possible to adapt the light intensity of each lamp separately.
Par ailleurs, pour tenter de supprimer l'installation et l'usage de voies de communications spécifiques, on a pensé à utiliser les courants porteurs comme moyen de transmis¬ sion. Cependant, il s'avère que la portée de ce moyen de transmission est limitée à quelques centaines de mètres. Il n'est donc pas applicable à la télécommande et la télésur- veillance de candélabres qui peuvent se trouver éloignés à plusieurs kilomètres d'un poste central.Furthermore, in an attempt to eliminate the installation and use of specific communication channels, thought has been given to using carrier currents as a means of transmission. However, it turns out that the range of this means of transmission is limited to a few hundred meters. It is therefore not applicable to the remote control and remote monitoring of candelabras which can be located several kilometers from a central station.
La présente invention a pour but de supprimer ces inconvé¬ nients. A cet effet, elle propose un dispositif pour la commande et la surveillance à distance d'une lampe à décharge alimentée par un réseau de distribution électrique.The present invention aims to eliminate these drawbacks. To this end, it offers a device for the remote control and monitoring of a discharge lamp supplied by an electrical distribution network.
Ce dispositif est caractérisé en ce qu'il est installé à proximité de la lampe, et qu'il comprend des moyens pour émettre et recevoir des messages véhiculés par l'intermé¬ diaire de la ligne électrique d'alimentation de la lampe, par courant porteur bidirectionnel modulé, lui permettant de communiquer avec un poste central, ledit dispositif comprenant des moyens pour commander l'allumage et l'extinction de la lampe, en fonction de consignes émises par le poste central, et des moyens pour détecter les défaillances de la lampe et en avertir le poste central.This device is characterized in that it is installed near the lamp, and that it comprises means for transmitting and receiving messages conveyed by the intermediary of the electric power supply line of the lamp, by current modulated bidirectional carrier, allowing it to communicate with a central station, said device comprising means for controlling the switching on and off of the lamp, according to instructions issued by the central station, and means for detecting failures of the lamp and notify the central station.
Grâce à ces dispositions, chaque candélabre est commandé et surveillé indépendamment des autres, et il n'est pas néces¬ saire de prévoir une liaison téléphonique entre chaque armoire de distribution électrique et le poste central.Thanks to these provisions, each candelabrum is controlled and monitored independently of the others, and it is not necessary to provide a telephone link between each electrical distribution cabinet and the central station.
Avantageusement, le dispositif de commande et de surveillance comprend des moyens pour commander l'intensité lumineuse de la lampe en fonction de consignes émises par le poste central. Selon une particularité de l'invention, le dispositif de commande et de surveillance comprend des moyens pour détec¬ ter la dégradation de l'état de fonctionnement de la lampe.Advantageously, the control and monitoring device comprises means for controlling the light intensity of the lamp as a function of instructions issued by the central station. According to a feature of the invention, the control and monitoring device comprises means for detecting the degradation of the operating state of the lamp.
Selon une autre particularité de l'invention, le dispositif comprend des moyens pour compter la durée de fonctionnement de la lampe.According to another feature of the invention, the device comprises means for counting the operating time of the lamp.
Grâce à ces particularités, il est possible de déterminer précisément quand la lampe doit être remplacée avant qu'elle tombe réellement en panne.Thanks to these features, it is possible to determine precisely when the lamp should be replaced before it actually breaks down.
Selon une autre particularité de l'invention, le dispositif reçoit tous les messages véhiculés par la ligne électrique et réémet les messages qui ne lui sont pas destinés. Le dispositif peut donc jouer le rôle de répéteur. Comme chaque candélabre se trouve généralement à proximitéAccording to another feature of the invention, the device receives all the messages conveyed by the power line and retransmits messages which are not intended for it. The device can therefore play the role of repeater. As each candelabrum is usually found nearby
(quelques dizaines de mètres) d'un autre candélabre, on assure ainsi la transmission des messages de leur émetteur jusqu'à leur destinataire indépendamment de la distance qui sépare ces derniers, et malgré la courte portée de la transmission par courant porteur.(a few tens of meters) from another candelabra, this ensures the transmission of messages from their sender to their recipient regardless of the distance between them, and despite the short range of transmission by carrier current.
Un mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention sera décrit ci-après, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, avec référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :An embodiment of the device according to the invention will be described below, by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
La figure 1 représente schématiquement l'archi- tecture d'un réseau de distribution d'électricité utilisant le dispositif de commande et de surveillance selon l'invention ;FIG. 1 schematically represents the architecture of an electricity distribution network using the control and monitoring device according to the invention;
La figure 2 montre le schéma de connexion du dispositif de commande et de surveillance avec une lampe à décharge ; La figure 3 montre en détail le schéma électrique du dispositif de commande et de surveillance ;Figure 2 shows the connection diagram of the control and monitoring device with a discharge lamp; Figure 3 shows in detail the electrical diagram of the control and monitoring device;
La figure 4 montre un ensemble de chronogrammes illustrant le fonctionnement du dispositif de commande et de surveillance ;Figure 4 shows a set of timing diagrams illustrating the operation of the control and monitoring device;
La figure 5 montre un circuit d'émission et de réception de messages numériques sur le réseau de distribution électrique.FIG. 5 shows a circuit for transmitting and receiving digital messages on the electrical distribution network.
La figure 1 montre un poste électrique 1 permettant de transformer l'électricité en haute tension qu'il reçoit, en basse tension (220 V) triphasée, pour alimenter un ensemble d'armoires de distribution électrique 2,6, et notamment les armoires de distribution 6 affectées à l'éclairage public.Figure 1 shows an electrical substation 1 for transforming the electricity into high voltage it receives, into low voltage (220 V) three-phase, to supply a set of 2.6 electrical distribution cabinets, including the cabinets distribution 6 allocated to public lighting.
Chaque armoire de distribution 6 pour l'éclairage reçoit en entrée le courant électrique en basse tension triphasée, et alimente un ensemble de lignes électriques 7 en basse tension monophasée. Chacune de ces lignes 7 comprend deux fils 15,16 permettant d'alimenter une pluralité de lampes à décharge 11 associées chacune à un dispositif de commande et de surveillance 10 selon l'invention.Each distribution cabinet 6 for lighting receives as input the three-phase low-voltage electric current, and supplies a set of electric lines 7 with single-phase low voltage. Each of these lines 7 comprises two wires 15, 16 making it possible to supply a plurality of discharge lamps 11 each associated with a control and monitoring device 10 according to the invention.
Le dispositif 10 est conçu pour émettre et recevoir des informations par courant porteur, en modulation de phase, par exemple à une fréquence de 132 kHz, via le réseau de distribution électrique, pour communiquer avec un poste central 3 raccordé à une autre armoire de distribution électrique 2. A cet effet, le poste central est équipé d'un calculateur 5, connecté au réseau électrique par l'intermé¬ diaire d'un module d'interface 4 qui assure l'échange d'informations entre le calculateur 5 et le réseau électrique. Sur la figure 2, le dispositif de commande et de surveil¬ lance 10 est connecté aux deux fils, phase 15 et neutre 16 d'une ligne électrique, le neutre étant également raccordé à l'une des bornes de la lampe à décharge 11. Pour faire fonctionner une telle lampe, on utilise d'une manière connue un circuit d'amorçage 13 connecté en paral¬ lèle avec la lampe 11, et un ballast 14 à forte impédance selfique appliquant une tension d'alimentation fournie par le dispositif 10 à la lampe 11 et au circuit d'amorçage 13, le ballast 14 ayant pour but de limiter le courant traver¬ sant la lampe 11 lorsque celle-ci est allumée.The device 10 is designed to transmit and receive information by carrier current, in phase modulation, for example at a frequency of 132 kHz, via the electrical distribution network, to communicate with a central station 3 connected to another distribution cabinet 2. For this purpose, the central station is equipped with a computer 5, connected to the electrical network by means of an interface module 4 which exchanges information between the computer 5 and the electrical network. In FIG. 2, the control and surveillance device 10 is connected to the two wires, phase 15 and neutral 16 of an electric line, the neutral being also connected to one of the terminals of the discharge lamp 11. To operate such a lamp, use is made in a known manner of a priming circuit 13 connected in parallel with the lamp 11, and a ballast 14 with high inductive impedance applying a supply voltage supplied by the device 10 to the lamp 11 and to the ignition circuit 13, the ballast 14 having the purpose of limiting the current passing through the lamp 11 when the latter is on.
Lorsque la lampe 11 est éteinte, aucun courant ne la traverse. La tension appliquée en entrée du ballast 14 est alors transférée au circuit d'amorçage 13 qui permet d'appliquer aux bornes de la lampe 11 une impulsion de tension (de l'ordre de 2000 V) supérieure au seuil d'amor¬ çage de la lampe, provoquant l'allumage de la lampe 11, et donc le passage du courant dans cette dernière. Une fois que la lampe 11 est allumée, la lampe n'étant alors alimen¬ tée que par l'intermédiaire du ballast 14.When the lamp 11 is off, no current flows through it. The voltage applied to the input of the ballast 14 is then transferred to the ignition circuit 13 which makes it possible to apply to the terminals of the lamp 11 a voltage pulse (of the order of 2000 V) greater than the ignition threshold of the lamp, causing the lamp 11 to ignite, and therefore the passage of current therein. Once the lamp 11 is on, the lamp then being supplied only by means of the ballast 14.
Comme l'impédance du ballast 14 est fortement selfique, il est impératif de disposer en parallèle un condensateur 12 de correction du cosinus phi.As the impedance of the ballast 14 is strongly self-inductive, it is imperative to have in parallel a capacitor 12 for correcting the cosine phi.
En pratique, un générateur d'impulsion de démarrage est associé à l'ensemble lampe 11 et ballast 14.In practice, a starting pulse generator is associated with the lamp 11 and ballast 14 assembly.
Sur la figure 3, le dispositif de commande et de surveil¬ lance 10 comprend trois étages, à savoir :In FIG. 3, the control and surveil¬ lance device 10 comprises three stages, namely:
- un premier étage assurant l'alimentation du dispositif, son couplage au réseau de distribution d'électricité, et la génération d'un signal de synchronisation à partir de la tension Us fournie par le réseau électrique, - un second étage assurant la commande et la surveillance de la lampe à décharge 11, eta first stage ensuring the supply of the device, its coupling to the electricity distribution network, and the generation of a synchronization signal from the voltage Us supplied by the electric network, a second stage ensuring the control and monitoring of the discharge lamp 11, and
- un troisième étage organisé autour d'un microprocesseur 23 assurant le pilotage de l'ensemble du dispositif.- A third stage organized around a microprocessor 23 ensuring the control of the entire device.
Le premier étage comprend :The first floor includes:
- un circuit d'alimentation 21 qui, à partir de la tension Us entre la phase 15 et le neutre 16, fournit les tensions d'alimentation nécessaires aux différents organes du dispositif 10,a supply circuit 21 which, from the voltage Us between the phase 15 and the neutral 16, supplies the supply voltages necessary for the various organs of the device 10,
- un circuit de couplage 22 connecté entre la phase 15 et le neutre 16, conçu pour assurer l'échange d'informations entre le microprocesseur 23 et le réseau électrique, eta coupling circuit 22 connected between phase 15 and neutral 16, designed to exchange information between the microprocessor 23 and the electrical network, and
- un circuit de synchronisation 22 également connecté entre la phase 15 et ne neutre 16, conçu pour engendrer un signal logique SS synchrone de la tension électrique Us fournie par le réseau électrique, ce signal logique SS étant appliqué sur une entrée du microprocesseur 23.a synchronization circuit 22 also connected between phase 15 and neutral 16, designed to generate a logic signal SS synchronous with the electrical voltage Us supplied by the electrical network, this logic signal SS being applied to an input of the microprocessor 23.
Le circuit de couplage 22 peut être réalisé à l'aide d'un transformateur ou d'un circuit résonnant de type LC calé sur la fréquence de la porteuse de transmission des messages par courant porteur.The coupling circuit 22 can be produced using a transformer or a resonant circuit of the LC type calibrated on the frequency of the carrier for transmission of messages by carrier current.
Le second étage, ou étage de sortie comprend, en série entre la phase 15 et le ballast 14, une inductance Zl, suivie de deux commutateurs K1,K2 en série.The second stage, or output stage comprises, in series between phase 15 and ballast 14, an inductance Z1, followed by two switches K1, K2 in series.
Le premier commutateur Kl, de type relais ou triac, est commandé par le microprocesseur 23, à partir du signal de synchronisation SS fourni par le circuit de synchronisation 27, et est destiné à appliquer la tension Us fournie par le réseau à la lampe à décharge 11, et notamment au condensa¬ teur de correction 12 connecté au point de jonction entre les deux commutateurs K1,K2. La charge étant alors capaci- tive, la commande de Kl est appliquée au passage à zéro de la tension Us du réseau.The first switch K1, of the relay or triac type, is controlled by the microprocessor 23, from the synchronization signal SS supplied by the synchronization circuit 27, and is intended to apply the voltage Us supplied by the network to the discharge lamp 11, and in particular to the correction capacitor 12 connected to the junction point between the two switches K1, K2. The load then being capaci- tive, the command Kl is applied to the zero crossing of the network voltage Us.
Le second commutateur K2, de type thyristor ou triac, est destiné à alimenter la lampe 11 par l'intermédiaire du ballast 14. Il est commandé par un signal logique CK2 issu d'un comparateur 30. Il est par ailleurs connecté au neutre 16 par l'intermédiaire d'une impédance capacitive Z3 desti¬ née à établir un courant Iz lorsque la lampe 11 est absente ou en panne.The second switch K2, of the thyristor or triac type, is intended to supply the lamp 11 via the ballast 14. It is controlled by a logic signal CK2 from a comparator 30. It is also connected to neutral 16 by via a capacitive impedance Z3 intended to establish a current Iz when the lamp 11 is absent or has failed.
En parallèle avec le second commutateur K2, se trouve un second circuit de synchronisation Z2, appelé circuit de synchronisation lampe, qui délivre un signal logique de synchronisation lampe SL à 0 lorsque le commutateur K2 est ouvert, et à 1 lorsque ce dernier est fermé.In parallel with the second switch K2, there is a second synchronization circuit Z2, called the lamp synchronization circuit, which delivers a logic lamp synchronization signal SL at 0 when the switch K2 is open, and at 1 when the latter is closed.
Les circuits de synchronisation secteur 27 et lampe Z2 peuvent être réalisés à base de photo-coupleurs de manière à assurer une bonne isolation électrique entre les second et troisième étages.The mains synchronization circuits 27 and lamp Z2 can be produced on the basis of photo-couplers so as to ensure good electrical insulation between the second and third stages.
Le troisième étage, ou étage de commande, comprend, autour du microprocesseur 23 :The third stage, or control stage, comprises, around the microprocessor 23:
- une mémoire EEPROM 24 permettant de sauvegarder des informations, notamment les informations liées à la configuration du dispositif 10,an EEPROM memory 24 making it possible to save information, in particular information related to the configuration of the device 10,
- un circuit d'émission / réception 25 conçu pour moduler les informations à émettre, fournies par le microproces¬ seur 23, et envoyer le signal ainsi obtenu au circuit de couplage 22, et pour démoduler et amplifier les signaux d'information transmis par le circuit de couplage 22, et délivrer les informations ainsi obtenues au microproces¬ seur 23, - un convertisseur numérique/analogique 29 permettant de convertir en un signal analogique une consigne d'angle d'ouverture fournie par le microprocesseur 23,a transmission / reception circuit 25 designed to modulate the information to be transmitted, supplied by the microprocessor 23, and to send the signal thus obtained to the coupling circuit 22, and to demodulate and amplify the information signals transmitted by the coupling circuit 22, and deliver the information thus obtained to the microprocessor 23, a digital / analog converter 29 making it possible to convert an opening angle setpoint supplied by the microprocessor 23 into an analog signal,
- le comparateur 30 à deux états qui compare la consigne fournie par le convertisseur 29 au signal en dent de scie SI engendré par un intégrateur 28 piloté par le signal de synchronisation SL issu du circuit Z2.the comparator 30 with two states which compares the setpoint supplied by the converter 29 with the sawtooth signal SI generated by an integrator 28 controlled by the synchronization signal SL coming from the circuit Z2.
Par ailleurs, le microprocesseur 23 est connecté à deux voyants, un voyant rouge 31 de signalisation des défauts, et un voyant vert 32 pour la signalisation des états de fonctionnement. Il est également connecté à un bouton 33 de marche/arrêt, et un bouton 34 qui permet, lors du change- ment de la lampe 11, le déclenchement de la transmission d'un signal d'initialisation vers le poste central 3, indiquant le remplacement effectif de la lampe 11, et permettant la remise à zéro d'un compteur de temps d'utili¬ sation de la lampe 11.Furthermore, the microprocessor 23 is connected to two indicators, a red indicator 31 for signaling faults, and a green indicator 32 for signaling the operating states. It is also connected to an on / off button 33 and a button 34 which, when the lamp 11 is changed, triggers the transmission of an initialization signal to the central station 3, indicating the effective replacement of the lamp 11, and allowing the reset of a lamp usage time counter 11.
Comme précédemment mentionné, le microprocesseur 23 commu¬ nique avec le poste central 3 par messages transmis par courant porteur, en modulation de phase, par exemple à une fréquence de 132 kHz, via le réseau de distribution électrique. A cet effet, chaque lampe 11 contrôlée par le poste central 3 est repérée par un code d'identification qui est inséré dans chaque message échangé avec le poste central.As previously mentioned, the microprocessor 23 communicates with the central station 3 by messages transmitted by carrier current, in phase modulation, for example at a frequency of 132 kHz, via the electrical distribution network. To this end, each lamp 11 controlled by the central station 3 is identified by an identification code which is inserted in each message exchanged with the central station.
Le fonctionnement du dispositif de commande et de surveil¬ lance est illustré par les chronogrammes de la figure 4.The operation of the command and surveillance device is illustrated by the timing diagrams of FIG. 4.
La courbe Cl montre que la tension Us entre la phase 15 et le neutre 16, ou bien la tension Uc au point de jonction entre les deux commutateurs K1,K2, présente une forme sinusoïdale. La courbe C2 montre la forme du signal logique de synchronisation secteur SS issu du circuit 27, qui change d'état logique à chaque fois que la tension secteur Us s'annule.Curve C1 shows that the voltage Us between phase 15 and neutral 16, or else the voltage Uc at the junction point between the two switches K1, K2, has a sinusoidal shape. Curve C2 shows the shape of the logic sector synchronization signal SS from circuit 27, which changes logic state each time the mains voltage Us is canceled.
Sur un ordre de marche en provenance du poste central 3, le microprocesseur 23 commande le commutateur Kl au passage à zéro de la tension secteur Us, grâce au signal de synchro¬ nisation secteur SS montré par la courbe C2. La détection d'une tension UK2 aux bornes du commutateur K2 par le circuit de synchronisation lampe Z2 entraine la libération de l'intégrateur 28. Lorsque la sortie de l'intégrateur 28 atteind une valeur de consigne 46, le comparateur 30 délivre une tension de commande CK2 qui permet l'amorçage du commutateur K2. Le commutateur K2 est commandé à son tour avec une consigne à zéro, impliquant un angle d'ouver- ture 41 nul. Comme la charge de K2 est selfique, le courant IB le traversant est donc en retard d'un certain déphasage 42 par rapport à la tension Uc (courbe C4) .On a run command from the central station 3, the microprocessor 23 controls the switch Kl when the mains voltage Us crosses zero, thanks to the sector synchronization signal SS shown by the curve C2. The detection of a voltage UK2 at the terminals of the switch K2 by the lamp synchronization circuit Z2 leads to the release of the integrator 28. When the output of the integrator 28 reaches a set value 46, the comparator 30 delivers a voltage of command CK2 which allows the ignition of switch K2. Switch K2 is in turn controlled with a zero setpoint, implying a zero opening angle 41. As the load of K2 is inductive, the current IB passing through it is therefore delayed by a certain phase shift 42 with respect to the voltage Uc (curve C4).
Avant le déclenchement de K2, la tension UK2 à ses bornes est très nettement supérieure à son seuil de déclenchement 45, et K2 devient passant pour l'alternance en cours (courbe C5) .Before the triggering of K2, the voltage UK2 at its terminals is very much higher than its triggering threshold 45, and K2 becomes conducting for the alternation in progress (curve C5).
En fait, le courant IB qui traverse le commutateur K2 détermine l'alternance. K2 reste donc passant tant que le courant IB n'a pas atteind une valeur voisine de zéro. La tension UB (courbe C3) aux bornes du ballast 14 est alors pratiquement identique à la tension secteur Us.In fact, the current IB which flows through the switch K2 determines the alternation. K2 therefore remains on as long as the current IB has not reached a value close to zero. The voltage UB (curve C3) at the terminals of the ballast 14 is then practically identical to the mains voltage Us.
Le circuit de synchronisation lampe Z2 délivre un signal logique SL à 1 à chaque fois que valeur absolue de la tension UK2 aux bornes du commutateur K2 dépasse le seuil 45, c'est-à-dire, durant les périodes où le commutateur K2 se trouve bloqué (courbe C6) . Ce signal logique SL est envoyé au microprocesseur 23, et est appliqué en entrée de l'intégrateur 28 qui délivre un signal en dent de scie qui reste nul lorsque le signal de synchronisation lampe SL est au niveau logique 0 (courbe C7) . Le circuit décrit ci-avant permet de réduire la tension appliquée à la lampe 11, afin de réduire l'intensité de l'éclairage. En effet, le microprocesseur 23 peut imposer une consigne sous la forme d'une donnée binaire appliquée à l'entrée du convertisseur analogique/numérique 29. Si cette donnée de consigne est non nulle, on obtient en sortie du comparateur 30, un signal logique à 1 lorsque le signal en sortie de l'intégrateur dépasse le seuil 46 défini par cette consigne, et à zéro dans le cas contraire, le signal CK2 issu du comparateur 30 servant à commander le commuta¬ teur K2 (courbe C8) .The lamp synchronization circuit Z2 delivers a logic signal SL at 1 each time that the absolute value of the voltage UK2 at the terminals of the switch K2 exceeds the threshold 45, that is to say, during the periods when the switch K2 is located blocked (curve C6). This logic signal SL is sent to the microprocessor 23, and is applied at the input of the integrator 28 which delivers a sawtooth signal which remains zero when the lamp synchronization signal SL is at logic level 0 (curve C7). The circuit described above makes it possible to reduce the voltage applied to the lamp 11, in order to reduce the intensity of the lighting. In fact, the microprocessor 23 can impose a setpoint in the form of binary data applied to the input of the analog / digital converter 29. If this setpoint data is not zero, a logic signal is obtained at the output of the comparator 30 at 1 when the signal at the integrator output exceeds the threshold 46 defined by this setpoint, and at zero otherwise, the signal CK2 coming from the comparator 30 used to control the commutator K2 (curve C8).
On peut remarquer sur la courbe C8 que, grâce à la forme en dent de scie du signal SI, le commutateur K2 reçoit des impulsions de commande CK2 en retard par rapport aux impul¬ sions de tension UK2 à ses bornes, ce qui retarde le déclenchement du commutateur K2. Les périodes durant lesquelles le courant IB (courbe C4) et la tension UB (courbe C3) restent nulles, correspondant à l'angle d'ouverture 41, se trouvent ainsi rallongées, ce qui entraine une diminution de l'intensité efficace du courant IB et de la tension efficace appliquée aux bornes de la lampe 11, et donc une diminution de l'intensité de l'éclai- rage produit par la lampe 11. On peut ainsi faire varier angle d'ouverture de 0 jusqu'à une valeur voisine de 45°, ce qui permet de réduire la tension efficace d'alimentation de la lampe 11 de 0 à environ 20% de la tension Us, corres¬ pondant à une réduction de la consommation d'énergie de 0 à 60 '3•a .It can be noted on the curve C8 that, thanks to the sawtooth shape of the signal SI, the switch K2 receives control pulses CK2 late with respect to the voltage pulses UK2 at its terminals, which delays the tripping of switch K2. The periods during which the current IB (curve C4) and the voltage UB (curve C3) remain zero, corresponding to the opening angle 41, are thus lengthened, which causes a reduction in the effective intensity of the current IB and of the effective voltage applied to the terminals of the lamp 11, and therefore a reduction in the intensity of the lighting produced by the lamp 11. It is thus possible to vary the opening angle from 0 to a similar value by 45 °, which makes it possible to reduce the effective supply voltage of the lamp 11 from 0 to around 20% of the voltage Us, corresponding to a reduction in energy consumption from 0 to 60 ′ 3 • a .
Par ailleurs, il est nécessaire de réduire d'une façon progressive, la tension d'alimentation de la lampe à décharge 11 afin d'éviter les décrochages intempestifs, et donc l'extinction de celle-ci. C'est pourquoi cette réduc¬ tion est commandée par le microprocesseur 23 par petits paliers successifs, en augmentant progressivement la valeur de la consigne appliquée en entrée du convertisseur numérique/analogique 29. Dans la pratique, pour améliorer cette progressivité, une constante de temps peut être rajoutée en sortie du convertisseur 29.Furthermore, it is necessary to gradually reduce the supply voltage of the discharge lamp 11 in order to avoid untimely stalls, and therefore the extinction of the latter. This is why this reduction is controlled by the microprocessor 23 in small successive stages, by gradually increasing the value of the setpoint applied at the input of the converter. digital / analog 29. In practice, to improve this progressiveness, a time constant can be added at the output of the converter 29.
Les courbes C9 à C13 illustrent la détection des décro¬ chages de la lampe.Curves C9 to C13 illustrate the detection of lamp stalls.
Le décrochage ou une panne de la lampe se traduit par l'absence de courant IB en entrée du ballast 14. La charge est alors uniquement déterminée par 1*impédance Z3 placée entre le commutateur K2 et le neutre 16, cette charge étant insuffisante pour maintenir le commutateur K2 à l'état passant. L'impédance capacitive Z3 est alors traversée par un courant Iz en avance de phase 43, et pratiquement en quadrature de phase avec la tension Uc en entrée du commutateur K2 (courbe C9) . L'impédance résistive de Z2 et l'impédance capacitive de Z3 forment alors un pont diviseur de tension de manière à ce que la tension résultante UK2 aux bornes du commutateur K2 soit inférieure au seuil 45 de tension de déclenchement de celui-ci (courbe CIO) .The stall or a breakdown of the lamp results in the absence of current IB at the input of the ballast 14. The load is then only determined by 1 * impedance Z3 placed between the switch K2 and the neutral 16, this load being insufficient to maintain switch K2 in the on state. The capacitive impedance Z3 is then crossed by a current Iz in phase advance 43, and practically in phase quadrature with the voltage Uc at the input of the switch K2 (curve C9). The resistive impedance of Z2 and the capacitive impedance of Z3 then form a voltage divider bridge so that the resulting voltage UK2 across the terminals of switch K2 is less than the trigger voltage threshold 45 of the latter (CIO curve ).
Le seuil de détection 44 du circuit de synchronisation lampe Z2 étant très inférieur au seuil de déclenchement 45 du commutateur K2, le signal de synchronisation lampe SL est donc au niveau logique 1 au voisinage de chaque passage à zéro de la tension secteur Us (courbe Cil) .The detection threshold 44 of the lamp synchronization circuit Z2 being much lower than the triggering threshold 45 of the switch K2, the lamp synchronization signal SL is therefore at logic level 1 in the vicinity of each zero crossing of the mains voltage Us (curve Cil ).
La courbe C12 montre le signal SI en sortie de l'intégra¬ teur 28, obtenu à partir du signal de synchronisation lampe SL présentant la forme de la courbe Cil. La courbe C13 montre la forme du signal CK2 de commande du commutateur K2,. qui se trouve au niveau logique 1 lorsque la courbe C12 dépasse le seuil de consigne 46. Cependant, comme précédem¬ ment mentionné, la tension UK2 aux bornes du commutateur K2 est .inférieure au seuil de déclenchement 45 de celui-ci, il reste donc bloqué indépendamment de la commande qui lui est appliquée. Le microprocesseur 23 peut déterminer si la lampe 11 est éteinte ou allumée en comparant les signaux de synchronisa¬ tion secteur SS et lampe SL. Si aux instants des fronts montants et/ou descendants du signal SS correspondent des instants où le signal SL est nul (courbes 2 et 6) , la lampe est détectée allumée. Dans le cas contraire (courbes 2 et 11) la lampe est détectée éteinte.Curve C12 shows the signal SI at the output of the integrator 28, obtained from the lamp synchronization signal SL having the shape of the curve Cil. The curve C13 shows the shape of the signal CK2 for controlling the switch K2 ,. which is at logic level 1 when the curve C12 exceeds the setpoint threshold 46. However, as previously mentioned, the voltage UK2 at the terminals of the switch K2 is. lower than the trigger threshold 45 thereof, it therefore remains blocked regardless of the command applied to it. The microprocessor 23 can determine whether the lamp 11 is off or on by comparing the sector synchronization signals SS and lamp SL. If the instants of the rising and / or falling edges of the signal SS correspond to instants when the signal SL is zero (curves 2 and 6), the lamp is detected on. Otherwise (curves 2 and 11) the lamp is detected off.
On a donc ainsi un dispositif simple et efficace pour commander l'intensité lumineuse de la lampe 11 et détermi¬ ner le bon fonctionnement de celle-ci.There is thus thus a simple and effective device for controlling the light intensity of the lamp 11 and determining the proper functioning of the latter.
En effet, lorsque la lampe 11 est en bon fonctionnement, la charge est selfique. Le commutateur K2 dispose donc d'une centaine de volts à ses bornes pour être déclenché, et au passage à zéro de la tension secteur Us, le signal de synchronisation lampe SL est également à zéro. Lorsque la lampe décroche, la charge devient capacitive. Le commutateur K2 n'a donc plus assez de courant IB de maintien, et la tension à ses bornes UK2 est insuffisante pour pouvoir être déclenché. En outre lors du passage à zéro de la tension secteur Us, le signal de synchronisation SL lampe est à 1.Indeed, when the lamp 11 is in good working order, the load is self-inductive. The switch K2 therefore has a hundred volts at its terminals to be triggered, and when the mains voltage Us crosses zero, the lamp synchronization signal SL is also at zero. When the lamp goes off, the load becomes capacitive. The switch K2 therefore no longer has enough holding current IB, and the voltage at its terminals UK2 is insufficient to be able to be triggered. In addition, when the mains voltage Us crosses zero, the lamp synchronization signal SL is at 1.
Par ailleurs, les consignes de programmation de chaque dispositif de commande et de surveillance 10 sont fixes. Cependant, chaque dispositif 10 dispose de consignes variables qui peuvent évoluer en fonction de l'état de la lampe qu'il commande. Cet état est déterminé au cours du régime de réduction : si le microprocesseur 23 s'aperçoit qu'au cours de la réduction d'intensité d'éclairage, la lampe décroche, il diminue alors le taux de réduction prévu. Le microprocesseur 23 dispose avantageusement de 7 taux de réduction, et lorsqu'il atteind un taux d'alerte prédéterminé, il avertit le poste central 3 de la dégrada- tion de la lampe 11.Furthermore, the programming instructions of each control and monitoring device 10 are fixed. However, each device 10 has variable instructions which can change depending on the state of the lamp it controls. This state is determined during the reduction regime: if the microprocessor 23 realizes that during the reduction in lighting intensity, the lamp goes off, it then decreases the reduction rate expected. The microprocessor 23 advantageously has 7 reduction rates, and when it reaches a predetermined alert rate, it alerts the central station 3 of the deterioration of the lamp 11.
Le microprocesseur 23 est en outre conçu pour déclarer en panne une lampe 11 qui ne tolère plus de réduction ou qui n'arrive plus à s'amorcer à la tension maximale. En pratique une temporisation de quelques minutes est laissée au circuit d'amorçage 13 avant de déclarer la lampe 11 en panne et d'en avertir le poste central 3.The microprocessor 23 is further designed to declare a faulty lamp 11 which no longer tolerates reduction or which can no longer prime at maximum voltage. In practice, a time delay of a few minutes is left to the ignition circuit 13 before declaring the lamp 11 faulty and notifying the central station 3.
Au changement de la lampe 11, l'opérateur actionne le bouton 34, permettant d'une part de prévenir le poste central 3 du changement de lampe, et d'autre part de réinitialiser les paramètres variables tels que le taux de réduction de l'éclairage de la lampe.When changing the lamp 11, the operator actuates the button 34, making it possible on the one hand to warn the central station 3 of the lamp change, and on the other hand to reset the variable parameters such as the reduction rate of the lamp lighting.
Le calculateur 5 du poste central 3 est connecté à une base de données 8 où sont stockées des informations concernant chaque lampe et notamment :The computer 5 of the central station 3 is connected to a database 8 where information concerning each lamp is stored and in particular:
- un code d'identification de la lampe,- a lamp identification code,
- les heures d'allumage et d'extinction de la lampe,- the hours the lamp is switched on and off,
- la période et le taux de réduction de l'intensité d'éclairage, - la durée d'utilisation de la lampe depuis sa mise en service, et- the period and the rate of reduction of the lighting intensity, - the duration of use of the lamp since it was put into service, and
- l'état de la lampe, en bon fonctionnement, dégradé ou en panne.- the state of the lamp, in good working order, degraded or broken down.
Ainsi, connaissant les heures d'allumage et d'extinction de chaque lampe 11, le calculateur 5 du poste central 3 peut comptabiliser la durée de fonctionnement de chaque lampe, et comparer cette durée à un seuil d'alerte, le franchisse¬ ment de ce seuil indiquant que la lampe est à remplacer. Le poste central 3 peut ainsi établir une liste de lampes à remplacer en regroupant les informations de dépassement de ce seuil d'alerte, de détection de dégradation de lampe, et de lampe en panne, de manière à préparer et déclencher les interventions de remplacement, lorsque les lampes à re pia- cer sont en un nombre suffisant. On peut ainsi regrouper les interventions afin d'en diminuer le coût unitaire, l'équipe d'entretien étant prévenue des changements de lampes à prévoir avant que celles-ci ne soient véritable¬ ment hors service.Thus, knowing the hours of ignition and extinction of each lamp 11, the computer 5 of the central station 3 can count the duration of operation of each lamp, and compare this duration to an alert threshold, the crossing of this threshold indicating that the lamp is to be replaced. The central station 3 can thus establish a list of lamps to be replaced by grouping together the information for exceeding this alert threshold, for lamp degradation detection, and for lamp in failure, so as to prepare and trigger replacement interventions, when the lamps to be tracked are in sufficient number. We can thus group the interventions in order to reduce the unit cost, the maintenance team being warned of changes in lamps to be provided before they are truly out of service.
Ces dispositions permettent donc de réduire considérable- ment le coût unitaire de maintenance par candélabre, et d'adapter aux besoins l'intensité lumineuse de chaque candélabre, et ainsi de réaliser d'importantes économies d'énergie.These provisions therefore make it possible to considerably reduce the unit cost of maintenance per candelabrum, and to adapt the light intensity of each candelabrum to requirements, and thus to achieve significant energy savings.
Sur la figure 5, le circuit d'émission / réception 25 montré sur la figure 3 est un modulateur / démodulateur à modulation de phase, du type asynchrone synchronisé, comprenant par exemple, une première porte OU EXCLUSIF 53 qui combine une porteuse F avec le signal des données à émettre en provenance de la borne de connexion Tx du micro¬ processeur 23, et délivre un signal modulé en phase ou en opposition de phase avec la porteuse en fonction du niveau logique 0 ou 1 de la donnée à émettre.In FIG. 5, the transmission / reception circuit 25 shown in FIG. 3 is a phase modulation modulator / demodulator, of the synchronized asynchronous type, comprising for example, a first EXCLUSIVE OR gate 53 which combines a carrier F with the signal of the data to be transmitted from the connection terminal T x of the microprocessor 23, and delivers a signal modulated in phase or in phase opposition with the carrier as a function of the logic level 0 or 1 of the data to be transmitted.
La sortie de la porte 53 est reliée circuit de couplage 22 qui est soit positionné en émission, soit en réception grâce à un signal TXRX émis par le microprocesseur 23 et appliqué à l'entrée E/R du circuit de couplage 22. Lorsque le circuit de couplage 22 est positionné en émission, il présente une impédance de sortie faible, de l'ordre de quelques Ohms. Il permet également de filtrer le signal émis pour le transformer en un signal sinusoïdal.The output of gate 53 is connected to coupling circuit 22 which is either positioned in transmission or in reception thanks to a signal T X R X transmitted by the microprocessor 23 and applied to the input E / R of coupling circuit 22. When the coupling circuit 22 is positioned in transmission, it has a low output impedance, of the order of a few Ohms. It also makes it possible to filter the signal emitted to transform it into a sinusoidal signal.
La porteuse Ft est obtenue grâce à un oscillateur 54 contrôlé en fréquence et en phase par une boucle d'asser¬ vissement appliquant une tension de commande Ug en entrée de l'oscillateur 54. Cette boucle d'asservissement comprend :The carrier Ft is obtained by means of an oscillator 54 controlled in frequency and in phase by a feedback loop applying a control voltage Ug at the input of the oscillator 54. This feedback loop comprises:
- une porte OU EXCLUSIF 52 dont une entrée est reliée à la sortie de l'oscillateur 54, - un échantillonneur-bloqueur constitué par un générateur d'impulsions 56 qui commande un interrupteur 60 dont l'entrée est connectée à la sortie de la porte 52, et qui permet de charger un condensateur C^ relié à la masse,- an EXCLUSIVE OR gate 52, one input of which is connected to the output of the oscillator 54, a sampler-blocker constituted by a pulse generator 56 which controls a switch 60 whose input is connected to the output of door 52, and which makes it possible to charge a capacitor C ^ connected to ground,
- une porte OU EXCLUSIF 51 dont les entrées sont connectées aux sorties de la porte 52 et de l'interrupteur 60, et- an EXCLUSIVE OR gate 51 whose inputs are connected to the outputs of gate 52 and of switch 60, and
- un filtre-intégrateur 62 présentant une constante de temps RC, relié à la sortie de la porte 51, et fournis¬ sant le signal de commande UQ.- A filter-integrator 62 having a time constant RC, connected to the output of gate 51, and providing the control signal UQ.
Le générateur d'impulsions 56 délivre un signal d(F-t) constitué d'une impulsion à chaque front du signal F en entrée, c'est-à-dire, deux impulsions par période du signal Ft- Lorsque l'interrupteur 60 est ouvert entre deux impul¬ sions du signal d(Ft), la tension aux bornes du condensa¬ teur C^ reste bloquée au niveau logique 0 ou 1 de la dernière valeur de la tension prélevée par l'interrupteur 60 lorsque celui-ci a été fermé durant une impulsion fournie par le générateur 56.The pulse generator 56 delivers a signal d (Ft) consisting of one pulse at each edge of the input signal F, that is to say, two pulses per period of the signal Ft- When the switch 60 is open between two pulses of the signal d (Ft), the voltage across the capacitor C ^ remains blocked at logic level 0 or 1 of the last value of the voltage sampled by the switch 60 when the latter has been closed during a pulse supplied by the generator 56.
Par ailleurs le signal TXRX sert également à commander un commutateur 57 qui permet de sélectionner soit le signal de données Fx reçu par le circuit de couplage 22, soit un signal FQ engendré par un oscillateur 58, de préférence piloté par un quartz. Ce signal FQ présente une tension rectangulaire périodique ayant une fréquence constante, égale à celle de la porteuse.Furthermore, the signal T X R X also serves to control a switch 57 which makes it possible to select either the data signal F x received by the coupling circuit 22, or a signal F Q generated by an oscillator 58, preferably controlled by a quartz. This signal F Q has a periodic rectangular voltage having a constant frequency, equal to that of the carrier.
Le signal FQ OU FX sélectionné par le commutateur 57 est envoyé à l'entrée de la porte OU EXCLUSIF 52. La boucle d'asservissement permet ainsi de caler la fréquence et la phase du signal Ft délivré par l'oscillateur 54, à l'émis- sion, sur celles du signal F0, et à la réception, sur celles du signal reçu Fx. A l'émission, le commutateur 57 est positionné par le signal TXRX de façon à appliquer le signal de sortie FQ de l'oscillateur 58 sur une entrée de la porte 52. Le signal FQ étant constant, le signal Ft engendré par l'oscillateur 54 est lui aussi constant, ainsi que le signal d(Ft) engen¬ dré par le générateur d'impulsions 6 et qui vient commander l'interrupteur 10.The signal F Q OR F X selected by the switch 57 is sent to the input of the EXCLUSIVE OR gate 52. The control loop thus makes it possible to calibrate the frequency and the phase of the signal Ft delivered by the oscillator 54, at the emission, on those of the signal F 0 , and on reception, on those of the received signal F x . On transmission, the switch 57 is positioned by the signal T X R X so as to apply the output signal F Q of the oscillator 58 to an input of the gate 52. The signal FQ being constant, the signal Ft generated by the oscillator 54 is also constant, as well as the signal d (Ft) generated by the pulse generator 6 and which controls the switch 10.
Ainsi, le signal passant par l'interrupteur 60 vient charger au niveau logique 0 ou 1 le condensateur C^, ce qui bloque la tension aux bornes du condensateur au niveau logique 0 ou 1 du dernier échantillon prélevé jusqu'à l'échantillon suivant. Le filtre 62 permet d'obtenir une tension Ug de commande de l'oscillateur 54 de manière à ce que le signal F corresponde en fréquence au signal FQ.Thus, the signal passing through the switch 60 charges the capacitor C ^ at logic level 0 or 1, which blocks the voltage across the capacitor at logic level 0 or 1 from the last sample taken to the next sample. The filter 62 makes it possible to obtain a voltage Ug for controlling the oscillator 54 so that the signal F corresponds in frequency to the signal FQ.
Le signal Tx émis par le microprocesseur 23 commence par un bit de début pour permettre au destinataire de ce signal de lever l'incertitude sur la phase initiale du signal. En réception, la valeur de ce bit de début pourra être exploi- tée pour déterminer s'il faut inverser ou non la valeur des bits suivants contenus dans le signal reçu.The signal T x emitted by the microprocessor 23 begins with a start bit to allow the recipient of this signal to remove the uncertainty on the initial phase of the signal. On reception, the value of this start bit can be used to determine whether or not to invert the value of the following bits contained in the received signal.
Il résulte de la table de vérité de la fonction OU EXCLUSIF que pendant les intervalles de temps où le signal Tx de données émis par le microprocesseur 23 est au niveau logique 0, la tension en sortie de la porte 53 correspond en forme et en phase exactement à la porteuse Ff Lorsque le signal Tx de données est au niveau logique 1, le signal Ft+Tx en sortie de la porte 53 correspond en forme et en phase à la porteuse Ft déphasée de 180° (inversion de phase) .It follows from the truth table of the EXCLUSIVE OR function that during the time intervals when the data signal T x emitted by the microprocessor 23 is at logic level 0, the voltage at the output of gate 53 corresponds in shape and in phase exactly at the carrier F f When the data signal T x is at logic level 1, the signal Ft + T x at the output of the gate 53 corresponds in shape and in phase to the carrier Ft phase shifted by 180 ° (phase inversion) .
En réception, le circuit de couplage 22 est positionné en réception par le signal TXRX, il présente alors une impédance d'entrée élevée, de l'ordre de quelques centaines d'Ohms, de manière à transmettre le signal de données FX du réseau électrique à un amplificateur 59 qui effectue égale¬ ment un filtrage des fréquences parasites circulant sur le réseau de distribution électrique. Le commutateur 7 est positionné par le signal TXRX de façon à appliquer le signal Fx à l'entrée de la porte 52.On reception, the coupling circuit 22 is positioned on reception by the signal T X R X , it then has a high input impedance, of the order of a few hundred Ohms, so as to transmit the data signal F X of the electrical network to an amplifier 59 which also performs filtering of the parasitic frequencies circulating on the electrical distribution network. The switch 7 is positioned by the signal T X R X so as to apply the signal F x to the input of the gate 52.
La porte OU EXCLUSIF 52 combine alors la porteuse avec le signal reçu Fx, pour obtenir un signal Ft+Fx au niveau logique 0 ou 1 suivant que le signal reçu Fx est en phase ou en opposition de phase avec la porteuse Ft, le signal Ft+Fx étant introduit dans la boucle d'asservissement décrite ci-avant.The EXCLUSIVE OR gate 52 then combines the carrier with the received signal F x , to obtain a signal Ft + F x at logic level 0 or 1 depending on whether the received signal F x is in phase or in phase opposition with the carrier Ft, the signal Ft + F x being introduced into the control loop described above.
L'échantillonneur-bloqûeur constitué par le générateur 56 qui commande l'interrupteur 60, ainsi que le condensateur C^ permet de remettre le signal reçu Fx à phase constante par rapport à la fréquence Ft, et fournit au microproces¬ seur 23 le signal démodulé U-j disponible aux bornes du condensateur C-j. Ce signal démodulé est appliqué par l'intermédiaire d'un inverseur 63, d'une part à l'entrée Rx des données reçues du microprocesseur 23, et d'autre part à l'entrée P de détection de la porteuse du microprocesseur 23, au travers d'un générateur d'impulsions 64 et d'un circuit à constante de temps 65. De cette manière, le microprocesseur 23 peut déterminer s'il doit se mettre en attente de réception d'un message en cas de détection de la porteuse sur son entrée Rx, et s'il peut émettre un message en cas d'absence de porteuse.The sampler-blocker constituted by the generator 56 which controls the switch 60, as well as the capacitor C ^ makes it possible to reset the received signal F x at constant phase with respect to the frequency Ft, and supplies the microprocessor 23 with the signal demodulated Uj available across the capacitor Cj. This demodulated signal is applied via an inverter 63, on the one hand to the input R x of the data received from the microprocessor 23, and on the other hand to the input P for detecting the carrier of the microprocessor 23 , through a pulse generator 64 and a time constant circuit 65. In this way, the microprocessor 23 can determine whether it should wait for reception of a message in the event of detection of the carrier on its R x input, and if it can send a message in the absence of a carrier.
L'emploi d'un échantillonneur-bloqueur permet donc d'effec¬ tuer une démodulation très rapide du signal reçu. Ainsi la vitesse de transmission numérique exprimée en kilo-bits par seconde, peut théoriquement atteindre la vitesse de la porteuse.The use of a sample and hold device therefore makes it possible to effect very rapid demodulation of the received signal. Thus the digital transmission speed expressed in kilobits per second, can theoretically reach the speed of the carrier.
Ainsi, par exemple, avec une fréquence de porteuse égale à 135 kHz, ce circuit peut émettre et recevoir un signal numérique à la vitesse de 90 Kilo-bits par seconde. Pour s'affranchir de la portée réduite (quelques centaines de mètres) de la transmission par courant porteur, le microprocesseur 23 reçoit tous les messages détectés par les circuits de couplage 22 et de réception 25, et commande la réemission des messages qui ne lui sont pas destinés. Cette solution permet de commander et surveiller un grand nombre de candélabres, grâce au principe de démodulation qui permet d'atteindre des vitesses de transmission élevées. Thus, for example, with a carrier frequency equal to 135 kHz, this circuit can transmit and receive a digital signal at the speed of 90 kilo-bits per second. To overcome the reduced range (a few hundred meters) of the transmission by carrier current, the microprocessor 23 receives all the messages detected by the coupling 22 and reception 25 circuits, and commands the re-transmission of the messages which are not given to it. not intended. This solution makes it possible to order and monitor a large number of candelabras, thanks to the demodulation principle which makes it possible to achieve high transmission speeds.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif pour la commande et la surveillance à distance d'une lampe à décharge alimentée par une ligne électrique d'un réseau de distribution électrique, ledit dispositif étant installé à proximité de la lampe (11) , et comprenant :1. Device for the remote control and monitoring of a discharge lamp supplied by an electric line of an electrical distribution network, said device being installed near the lamp (11), and comprising:
-des moyens (22,23,25) pour émettre et recevoir des messages véhiculés par l'intermédiaire de la ligne électrique (15,16) d'alimentation de la lampe (11), par courant porteur bidirectionnel modulé, lui permettant de communiquer avec un poste central (3) ,means (22, 23, 25) for transmitting and receiving messages conveyed via the electric line (15, 16) supplying the lamp (11), by modulated bidirectional carrier current, enabling it to communicate with a central station (3),
- des moyens pour commander l' llumage et l'extinction de la lampe, en fonction de consignes émises par le poste central (3) , etmeans for controlling the lighting and extinction of the lamp, according to instructions issued by the central station (3), and
- des moyens pour détecter les défaillances de la lampe (11) et en avertir le poste central (3) , caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'émission et réception- means for detecting the failures of the lamp (11) and for notifying the central station (3), characterized in that the transmission and reception means
(22,23,25) sont conçus pour recevoir tous les messages véhiculés par la ligne électrique (15,16), et réémettre au moins une partie des messages qui ne leur sont pas destinés.(22,23,25) are designed to receive all the messages conveyed by the electric line (15,16), and re-emit at least a part of the messages which are not intended for them.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens pour commander l'intensité lumineuse de la lampe (11) en fonction de consignes émises par le poste central (3) .2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises means for controlling the light intensity of the lamp (11) according to instructions issued by the central station (3).
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens pour détecter la dégradation de l'état de fonctionnement de la lampe3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises means for detecting the degradation of the operating state of the lamp
(11). ( 11 ) .
4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens pour détecter que la lampe (11) est allumée. 4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means for detecting that the lamp (11) is on.
5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens pour compter la durée de fonctionnement de la lampe (11) .5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means for counting the operating time of the lamp (11).
6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens (22,23,25) pour communi¬ quer avec le poste central (3) émettent et reçoivent des messages transmis par courant porteur, en modulation de phase, via le réseau de distribution électrique.6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means (22,23,25) for communicating with the central station (3) transmit and receive messages transmitted by carrier current, in phase modulation, via the electrical distribution network.
7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens (22,23,25) pour communi¬ quer avec le poste central (3) émettent et reçoivent des messages transmis par courant porteur, en modulation de phase, à une fréquence de 132 kHz, via le réseau de distri¬ bution électrique.7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means (22,23,25) for communicating with the central station (3) transmit and receive messages transmitted by carrier current, in phase modulation, at a frequency of 132 kHz, via the electrical distribution network.
8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un premier commutateur (Kl) permettant de déclencher l'allumage et l'extinction de la lampe (11), commandé par un microprocesseur (23), et un second commutateur (K2) associé à un circuit de commande (Z2,28,29,30) permettant de faire varier l'intensité lumineuse de la lampe (11) en fonction d'une consigne émise par le microprocesseur (23) .8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a first switch (Kl) making it possible to trigger the switching on and off of the lamp (11), controlled by a microprocessor (23), and a second switch (K2) associated with a control circuit (Z2,28,29,30) making it possible to vary the light intensity of the lamp (11) as a function of a setpoint emitted by the microprocessor (23).
9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit second commutateur (K2) reste bloqué à l'état ouvert lorsque la lampe (11) est en panne, ledit dispositif comprenant, en parallèle avec le second commutateur (K2) , un circuit de détection (Z2) fournissant au microprocesseur (23) un signal représentatif de l'état du second commutateur (K2) et donc de l'état éteint/allumé de la lampe (11) . 9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that said second switch (K2) remains blocked in the open state when the lamp (11) has failed, said device comprising, in parallel with the second switch (K2), a detection circuit (Z2) supplying the microprocessor (23) a signal representative of the state of the second switch (K2) and therefore of the off / on state of the lamp (11).
10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 et10. Device according to one of claims 8 and
9, caractérisé en ce que l'état dégradé de la lampe (11) est détecté grâce au second commutateur (K2) associé au circuit de commande (Z2,28,29,30) , en abaissant progressivement la tension appliquée aux bornes de la lampe (11) , la lampe étant déclarée en état dégradé par le microprocesseur (23) , lorsque l'extinction de la lampe (11) est détectée avant d'avoir atteint un certain taux de réduction de l'intensité d'éclairage.9, characterized in that the degraded state of the lamp (11) is detected by means of the second switch (K2) associated with the control circuit (Z2,28,29,30), by progressively lowering the voltage applied to the terminals of the lamp (11), the lamp being declared in degraded state by the microprocessor (23), when the extinction of the lamp (11) is detected before having reached a certain rate of reduction of the lighting intensity.
11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le poste central (3) comprend un calculateur (5) connecté au réseau électrique par l'intermédiaire d'un module d'interface (4) permettant le transfert de données entre le calculateur (5) et le réseau électrique, et à une base de données (8) où sont stockées les informations concernant chaque lampe (il) commandée et surveillée par le poste central (3) , ces informations comprenant pour chaque lampe : -un code d'identification de la lampe,11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central station (3) comprises a computer (5) connected to the electrical network via an interface module (4) allowing the transfer of data between the computer (5) and the electrical network, and to a database (8) where the information concerning each lamp (it) controlled and monitored by the central station (3) is stored, this information comprising for each lamp: - a lamp identification code,
- les horaires d'allumage et d'extinction de la lampe, -la période et le taux de réduction de l'intensité d'éclairage,- the switching on and off times of the lamp, - the period and the rate of reduction of the lighting intensity,
- la durée d'utilisation de la lampe depuis sa mise en service, et- the duration of use of the lamp since it was put into service, and
- l'état de la lampe, en bon fonctionnement, dégradé, ou en panne.- the condition of the lamp, in good working order, degraded, or broken down.
12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la consigne de réduction de 1*inten- site lumineuse de la lampe (11) est appliquée progressive¬ ment par le microprocesseur (23) , de manière à éviter l'extinction de la lampe (11). 12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the setpoint for reducing the luminous intensity of the lamp (11) is applied progressively by the microprocessor (23), so as to avoid the lamp off (11).
13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications pré¬ cédentes, caractérisé en ce que le calculateur (5) du poste central comprend des moyens pour comparer la durée d'utilisation de chaque lampe (11) à un seuil d'alerte et établit une liste des lampes à remplacer comprenant les lampes en pannes ou en état dégradé, et les lampes dont la durée d'utilisation dépasse le seuil d'alerte.13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the computer (5) of the central station comprises means for comparing the duration of use of each lamp (11) with an alert threshold and establishes a list of lamps to be replaced, including faulty or degraded lamps, and lamps whose duration of use exceeds the alert threshold.
14. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes , caractérisé en ce que les moyens (22,23,25) pour émettre et recevoir comprennent un circuit modulateur / démodulateur à modulation de phase du type asynchrone synchronisé, capable de transmettre des données numériques à l'aide d'une porteuse (F ) en forme de créneaux, ce circuit comprenant une première porte OU ΕXCLUSIF (53) sur laquelle sont appliqués en entrée, la porteuse (Ft) et le signal (Tx) contenant les données à transmettre, et dont la tension de sortie est en phase ou en opposition de phase avec la porteuse (Ft) en fonction du niveau logique 1 ou 0 de la donnée émise ; et une seconde porte OU EXCLUSIF (52) sur laquelle sont appliqués en entrée, la porteuse (Ft) et le signal reçu (Fx) , et dont la tension de sortie est au niveau logique 0 ou 1 suivant que le signal reçu (Fx) est en phase ou en opposition de phase avec la porteuse (Ft) •14. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means (22,23,25) for transmitting and receiving comprise a modulator / demodulator circuit with phase modulation of the synchronized asynchronous type, capable of transmitting digital data to using a carrier (F) in the form of slots, this circuit comprising a first OR ΕXCLUSIVE gate (53) on which are applied as an input, the carrier (Ft) and the signal (T x ) containing the data to be transmitted , and whose output voltage is in phase or in phase opposition with the carrier (Ft) as a function of logic level 1 or 0 of the data transmitted; and a second EXCLUSIVE OR gate (52) to which the carrier (Ft) and the received signal (F x ) are applied at input, and whose output voltage is at logic level 0 or 1 depending on whether the received signal (F x ) is in phase or out of phase with the carrier (Ft) •
15. Dispositif selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce le circuit modulateur / démodulateur comprend en outre :15. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that the modulator / demodulator circuit further comprises:
- un oscillateur (54) engendrant la porteuse (Ft) et dont la phase est commandée par une tension (Uυ) , de manière à être synchrone en fréquence et en phase en émission, avec un signal de (FQ) engendré par un oscillateur (58) , et en réception, avec le signal (Fx) reçu ; et- an oscillator (54) generating the carrier (Ft) and whose phase is controlled by a voltage (U υ ), so as to be synchronous in frequency and in phase in transmission, with a signal of (F Q ) generated by a oscillator (58), and in reception, with the signal (F x ) received; and
- un échantillonneur-bloqueur auquel est appliqué le signal issu de la seconde porte OU EXCLUSIF (52) , conçu pour prélever des échantillons du signal issu de l'oscillateur commandé en phase (54) , à une fréquence double de celle de la porteuse (Ft) et délivrer une tension de sortie qui reste bloquée au niveau logique 0 ou 1 du dernier échantillon prélevé, de manière à démoduler le signal (Fx) de transmission de données numériques reçu.- a sampler-blocker to which the signal from the second gate OR EXCLUSIVE is applied (52), designed to take samples of the signal from the oscillator phase controlled (54), at a frequency twice that of the carrier (Ft) and deliver an output voltage which remains blocked at logic level 0 or 1 of the last sample taken, so as to demodulate the signal (F x ) of digital data transmission received.
16. Dispositif selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que l'oscillateur commandé en phase (54) est contrôlé en phase par une tension (UQ) fournie par une boucle d'asservissement comprenant : -la seconde porte OU EXCLUSIF (52), - l'échantillonneur-bloqueur, -une troisième porte OU EXCLUSIF (51), et -un filtre intégrateur (62). 16. Device according to claim 15, characterized in that the phase-controlled oscillator (54) is controlled in phase by a voltage (UQ) supplied by a control loop comprising: -the second gate OR EXCLUSIVE (52), - the sampler-blocker, - a third OR EXCLUSIVE door (51), and - an integrating filter (62).
EP96919886A 1995-05-12 1996-05-10 Remote monitoring and controlling device for a discharge lamp Expired - Lifetime EP0766905B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9505748A FR2734118B1 (en) 1995-05-12 1995-05-12 DEVICE FOR REMOTE CONTROL AND MONITORING OF A DISCHARGE LAMP
FR9505748 1995-05-12
PCT/FR1996/000701 WO1996036202A1 (en) 1995-05-12 1996-05-10 Remote monitoring and controlling device for a discharge lamp

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0766905A1 true EP0766905A1 (en) 1997-04-09
EP0766905B1 EP0766905B1 (en) 2001-06-20

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EP96919886A Expired - Lifetime EP0766905B1 (en) 1995-05-12 1996-05-10 Remote monitoring and controlling device for a discharge lamp

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EP (1) EP0766905B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69613445T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2160251T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2734118B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996036202A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0766905B1 (en) 2001-06-20
FR2734118B1 (en) 1997-07-11
FR2734118A1 (en) 1996-11-15
DE69613445D1 (en) 2001-07-26
DE69613445T2 (en) 2002-05-02
ES2160251T3 (en) 2001-11-01
WO1996036202A1 (en) 1996-11-14

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