EP0764254A1

EP0764254A1 - Oil burner

Info

Publication number: EP0764254A1
Application number: EP95924243A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Wolfgang Heimberg; Wolfram Hellmich; Franz Kögl; Reinhold Ficht
Original assignee: Ficht GmbH
Current assignee: Ficht GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 1994-06-16
Filing date: 1995-06-14
Publication date: 1997-03-26
Anticipated expiration: 2015-06-14
Also published as: DE59503445D1; AU2883295A; JPH09512896A; DE4421145A1; EP0764254B1; CA2187275A1; JP2935576B2; US6004127A; ATE170615T1; WO1995034786A1; AU690300B2

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP95/02317 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 1, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 1, 1996 PCT Filed Jun. 14, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO95/34786 PCT Pub. Date Dec. 21, 1995A heating system with a combustion chamber into which fuel is fed via a fuel feed unit in the form of an injection device which operates on the energy-storage principle and has a pump and a nozzle device which delivers bursts of fuel in specified quantities. With this fuel burner, it is possible to select both the quantity of fuel injected and the injection frequency independently of any boundary conditions, thereby optimizing levels of harmful pollutants in the exhaust gas and effectively counteracting resonance vibrations in the burner.

Description

Olbrenner

The invention relates to an oil burner for thermal systems according to the preamble of claim 1.

Oil burners for thermal engineering systems conventionally comprise a combustion chamber into which fuel is continuously fed via a nozzle.

In oil burners, in particular in large burners, resonance vibrations occur, the vibration behavior in oil burners being caused by the combustion chamber and the type of air supply which together form a resonance body.

In the case of gas burners which are operated at the resonance frequency, as described, for example, in WO 92/08928 or WO 82/00097, the causes of such vibrations are known, and the disadvantages which arise in this way are combated with different means.

Due to the inertia of the gas flowing in a feed pipe, there is a negative pressure in the combustion chamber after combustion, whereby gas and air are sucked in on the one hand and hot combustion gases flow back on the other hand, which ignite the subsequently flowing fuel mixture. So it turns out a cyclic process which pulsates at a frequency which essentially depends on the dimensions of the combustion chamber and the feed pipe or the feed line and the type of gas.

Pulsed burners of this type can cause enormous noise, which is between 90 and 140 dB (A). For this reason, a system was provided in WO 92/08928 that acoustically decouples the resonance system comprising the combustion chamber and the fuel supply line from the downstream heat exchanger. The resonance frequency occurring in these pulsed burners is approximately 100 Hz and depends on the shape and size of the cavities formed by the combustion chamber and the feed lines.

In gas burners, attempts are also made to prevent resonance vibrations from occurring through damping cavities which are arranged around the gas supply line. Such an arrangement is known for example from DE 33 24 805 AI.

In the case of simple small oil burners, which are suitable for operating heating systems in small houses and are generally not intended to be operated in a pulsed manner, occurring resonance vibrations can not only produce unpleasant noise, but also lead to the oil burner being destroyed.

Furthermore, oil burners are known to have poor exhaust gas values compared to gas burners, which are caused on the one hand by the constituents contained in the oil and on the other hand by poorer atomization of the sometimes viscous oil in the combustion chamber, so that it is difficult to achieve complete stoichiometric combustion. The oil supply lines for the continuous oil supply also drip in, which leads to poor combustion with regard to the exhaust gas values.

A large number of different types of fuel injection devices have long been known for internal combustion engines. These fuel injection devices are usually designed as a pump-nozzle system. Electromotive gnetisch operated pumps are used, in which the piston of the pump is acted upon by an armature driven by an electromagnet. Various pumps with piezoelectric actuators are also known.

DE-OS 23 07 435 describes a fuel injection device for internal combustion engines in which the pump work chamber is connected to the pressure chamber by at least one hydraulically actuated spring-loaded injection valve by means of an electrically driven reciprocating pump and is connected to a pressure source via an inlet valve. The pump piston runs at a certain idle stroke at the beginning of the pumping process, as a result of which the mass of the pump piston is accelerated before the actual pump stroke and the stored kinetic energy is used to increase the pressure in the pump work space. For this purpose, the injection device provides a soft iron anchor as a pump piston, which is driven by a linear motor over a relatively long distance.

Such injection devices working with the energy storage principle have been further developed in the following. Corresponding injection devices are known from DD-PS 120514 and DD-PS 213 427. These fuel injection devices, which operate on the solid-state energy storage principle, accelerate the armature of the electromagnet and thus the fuel-liquid column over a longer distance before the pressure is built up, which is required to spray the fuel out through the nozzle. These fuel injection devices have the advantage that they make do with low drive energy and achieve a high operating frequency due to the small moving masses. They also achieve high pressures.

According to DD-PS 120 514, the fuel feeder, through which the delivery piston passes, is provided in a first section with axially arranged grooves through which the fuel is able to flow off, without any significant pressure build-up occurring in the subsequent second section of the feeder. comes, which has no fluid drainage grooves. The delivery piston is therefore braked by the incompressible fuel, as a result of which a pressure is built up in the fuel, by means of which the resistance of the injection valve is overcome, so that fuel is injected. The disadvantage here is that when the delivery plunger is immersed in the closed section of the delivery cylinder, large pressure losses occur due to unfavorable gap conditions, namely a large gap width and a small gap length, which adversely affect the pressure build-up required for spraying. According to DE-PS 213 472, it has therefore been proposed to arrange an impact body on the feed cylinder, so that the pressure loss is kept reasonably small despite the relatively large gap widths. The disadvantage here, however, is that the impacting process causes wear on the bodies that meet. Furthermore, the impact body is excited by the impact to longitudinal vibrations, which are transferred to the fuel and there adversely affect the injection process as high-frequency pressure vibrations.

From WO 93/18297 a further fuel injection device emerges which works according to the solid-state energy storage principle, a piston element guided in a pump cylinder of a reciprocating piston pump driven by an electromagnet being used to spray partial quantities of the fuel during an almost resistance-free acceleration phase , during which the piston element stores kinetic energy, is displaced in the pump area before spraying and the displacement is suddenly stopped by means which interrupt the displacement, so that a pressure surge is generated in the fuel located in a closed pressure chamber by the stored kinetic energy of the piston element is transmitted directly to the fuel located in the pressure chamber. The pressure surge is used for spraying fuel through an injection nozzle device, the means which interrupt the displacement and generate the pressure surge outside the leading, liquid-tight contact area between the piston element and the piston element. 5 cylinders of the reciprocating pump are arranged, whereby a controllability with high frequency and excellent accuracy of the amount of fuel delivered is achieved. In particular, even small amounts of fuel can be dispensed precisely. Another fuel injection device for internal combustion engines, which works on the energy storage principle, is known from WO 92/14925. The structure of such a conventional injection device is described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 23. From a fuel tank 601, a fuel pump 602 feeds fuel at a pressure of approximately 3 to 10 bar into a pipeline 605, in which a pressure regulator 603 and a damping device 604 are arranged. At the end of line 605 there is, for example, an electromagnetically actuated shut-off valve 606, via which fuel accelerated by pump 602 in the open state is returned to storage tank 601. By suddenly closing the shut-off valve 606, the kinetic energy of the fuel flowing in line 605 and in line 607 is converted into pressure energy. The size of the pressure surge that arises is about 20 to 80 bar, that is about ten times the flow pressure generated by the pump 602 in the line 605, which is also called a flywheel line. The pressure surge thus created at the shut-off valve 606 is used to spray off the fuel accelerated in this way via an injection nozzle 610, which is connected via a pressure line 609 to the valve 606 and thus to the line 605.

By using an electromagnetically actuated shut-off valve, this known injection device can be controlled electronically, specifically by means of an electronic control unit 608 connected to the valve 606.

With this basic structure of the injection device, which works with an energy stored in the fuel, it is disadvantageous that a pre-pressure supply is required which is necessary for the acceleration of the fuel-liquid column in the swing line provides the necessary energy, and which works continuously. This continuously working supply pressure requires a corresponding effort to maintain constant. For this purpose, the excess amount of fuel pumped by the pump 602 is diverted via the pressure control valve 603, which is connected to the reservoir 601 via a return line. This pressure cutoff leads to a loss of energy, and thus, in addition to an increase in the fuel temperature, to pressure changes at the injection valve 606, which impairs the accuracy of the injection. In addition, the pressure regulating valve 603 always requires a minimum regulating quantity in order to be able to work stably, as a result of which a further loss of energy occurs. Since the volume flow requirement on the injection nozzle 10 depends on the engine speed and on the quantity to be sprayed off, the pressure supply unit must promote the volume flow for full-load operation even when idling, so that relatively large amounts of fuel with corresponding energy loss for the entire system via the pressure regulating valve til 603 must be shut down.

For this reason, it is proposed in WO 92/14925 to provide the fuel volume flow required for the injection for each injection process only as long as this is necessary depending on the engine operating conditions in accordance with the time and quantity requirements. The use of an intermittently operated fuel acceleration pump means that there is no continuous supply of upstream pressure, which benefits the energy balance of the injection device. The use of the energy is further optimized by the use of a common control device for the acceleration pump and the electrically actuated deceleration device, for example in the form of an electromagnetically actuated shut-off valve.

An electromagnetically operated piston pump is preferably used as the intermittently operating fuel acceleration pump. However, a diaphragm pump can also be provided for fuel acceleration within the pressure surge device. will be. Instead of an electromagnetic pump drive, an electrodynamic, a mechanical or a drive means piezo element can also be provided.

By controlling the pump and the delay device together, it is not only possible to optimally adapt the pump and delay device times to one another. Rather, this common control also allows the injection frequency and the injection quantity to be freely selected. This applies in particular if a fuel injection device operating according to the solid-state energy storage principle is used.

It can thus be summarized that, on the one hand, there are oil burners operated continuously in the prior art, which have certain disadvantages, in particular in the case of pressure fluctuations due to resonances and their exhaust gas values, which do not always meet the desired requirements and, on the other hand, have had a large number for internal combustion engines for a long time A wide variety of injection devices are known, which are designed primarily for controlling small amounts of fuel.

The invention has for its object to provide an oil burner for a thermal system with which pressure oscillations can be reliably avoided and excellent exhaust gas values can be achieved.

The object is achieved by an oil burner with the features of claim 1.

By providing an oil burner with an injection device that works according to the energy storage principle, consisting of a pump and a nozzle or a valve that suddenly injects a defined quantity of fuel into the combustion chambers, this can be achieved with conventional oil burners occurring pressure vibrations in the resonance range can be prevented by an exact control of the frequency. This is achieved primarily through the energy storage principle, which makes the delivery very short High frequency and high pressure pulses allowed. The high pressure also results in very good atomization of the fuel in the combustion chamber and very precise metering, as a result of which the pollutant values are kept low.

The frequency forced by the injection process is preferably selected so that the frequency distance from the resonance frequency of the combustion chamber is as large as possible.

The provision of the injection device according to the invention makes it possible for the first time to control or regulate the amount of oil supplied to the combustion chamber with an unprecedented level of accuracy, which enables the oil / air ratio to be set precisely, so that a stoichiometric combustion ratio or one can be achieved with excess air in order to keep the pollutants in the exhaust gas low.

With the burner according to the invention, a large control range is also achieved in relation to the quantity of oil supplied, so that very small quantities of oil can be supplied to the combustion chamber with great precision as well as large quantities of oil. This applies in particular if, in addition to the variable frequency, the amount of fuel defined per injection process can also be changed. The large control range allows the critical burner conditions to be bypassed in a very simple manner.

The success of the device according to the invention is based on the fact that the vibrations and pollutants that occur are not combated by compensating devices, such as vibration decoupling, but are prevented directly at the point of origin by controlling the flame itself. Thus, for the problems occurring during the combustion, several approaches are not necessary, each of which attacks another point on the oil burner, but can be solved by the injection device alone. The sudden supply of the oil by the injection device according to the invention enables injection pulses of less than 10 ms to the order of magnitude of 1 ms, so that they are suitable for counteracting the usual resonance vibrations of a few 100 Hz.

The fast response behavior of the injection device according to the invention also reliably prevents overshoot in the control of the oil supply, which could not be avoided in conventional oil burners and leads to increased exhaust gas values. Furthermore, due to its quick response, the oil burner according to the invention can be operated in a closed control loop, which measures the resulting gases with a gas sensor in the chimney or in the combustion chamber and regulates them with high thermal efficiency to predetermined values which are as low in pollutants as possible. Such gas sensors can be sensitive to oxygen or carbon monoxide, for example.

The injection device preferably comprises a pump driven by an electromagnet in order to be able to handle the pumping capacities of a few kg / h up to 900 kg / h which are necessary for oil burners, in particular large burners. Such pumps driven by an electromagnet, which operate according to the solid-state energy storage principle, comprise a piston pump driven by an electromagnet with a reciprocating piston element guided in a pump cylinder, the partial quantities of the fuel to be sprayed off during an almost resistance-free acceleration phase, during which stores the reciprocating element kinetic energy, is displaced in the pump area before spraying and the displacement is suddenly stopped by means which interrupt the displacement, so that a pressure surge is generated in the fuel located in a closed pressure chamber, in which the stored kinetic energy of the Hub¬ piston element is transferred directly to the fuel located in the pressure chamber. The pressure surge is used to spray fuel through an injection nozzle device. The fuel injectors working according to the solid-state energy storage principle are particularly advantageous if the means generating the pressure surge are arranged outside the leading liquid-tight contact area between the piston element and the piston cylinder of the piston pump, so that in a simple manner a practically wear-free operation Tending injection valve is obtained, which can inject larger amounts of fuel into the combustion chamber with very short injection pulses.

Injection pumps of such a simple construction, which operate according to the solid-state energy storage principle and have few moving parts, are to be used with preference in oil burners since they have a long service life, which is very important in the case of long-term operation of an oil burner is.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims and the description.

The invention is explained in more detail by way of example with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1 shows schematically in longitudinal section various embodiments to 19 forms of injection devices which are used in the oil burner according to the invention.

20 shows an injection device with two pumps and one nozzle,

21 an injection device which consists of several pumps and nozzles which open into a single nozzle assembly,

22 the nozzle assembly from the perspective of the combustion chamber interior and

23 is a schematic illustration of an injection device. device based on the energy storage principle, which uses the energy stored in the liquid.

The oil burners according to the invention are provided with an injection device which works according to the energy storage principle and which injects a defined amount of oil into the combustion chamber abruptly.

The injection devices working according to the energy storage principle can be divided into two subgroups, the injection devices which use the energy stored in the accelerated fuel and those which work according to the solid-state energy storage principle. In the latter type of injection devices, an initial partial stroke of the delivery element of the injection pump is provided, in which the displacement of the fuel does not result in a pressure build-up, the delivery element partial stroke serving for energy storage advantageously being provided by a storage volume, e.g. is determined in the form of an empty volume and a stop element which, as explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments, can be designed differently, for example in the form of a spring-loaded membrane or a spring-loaded piston element against which fuel is conveyed and which allow the displacement of fuel on a stroke path "X" of the delivery element; only when the spring-loaded element is pressed against a e.g. abuts a firm stop, an abrupt pressure build-up is generated in the fuel, so that displacement of the fuel in the direction of the injection nozzle is effected.

The following fuel injectors, which are described in detail with reference to the drawings, are known from WO 93/18297, but their construction is particularly suitable for use in an oil burner for the reasons mentioned above.

1 has an electromagnetically driven reciprocating piston pump 1, which is connected via a delivery line 2 to an injection nozzle device 3. 12th

A suction line 4 branches off from the delivery line 2 and is connected to a fuel storage container 5 (tank). In addition, a volume storage element 6 is connected to the delivery line 2, for example in the area of the connection of the intake line 4, via a line 7.

The pump 1 is designed as a piston pump and has a housing 8 in which a magnet coil 9 is mounted, an armature 10 which is arranged in the region of the coil passage and is designed as a cylindrical body, for example as a solid body, and is guided in a housing bore 11. which is located in the area of the central longitudinal axis of the toroidal coil 9 and is pressed by means of a pressure spring 12 into an initial position in which it rests on the bottom 11a of the housing bore 11. The compression spring 12 is supported on the end face of the armature 10 on the injection nozzle side and on an annular step 13 of the housing bore 11 opposite this end face. The spring 12 includes, with play, a delivery piston 14, which is fixed to the armature 10 on the armature end face acted upon by the spring 12, e.g. in one piece, is connected. The delivery piston 14 plunges relatively deep into a cylindrical fuel delivery chamber 15 which is formed coaxially in the axial extension of the housing bore 11 in the pump housing 8 and is in transmission connection with the pressure line 2. Due to the immersion depth, pressure losses during the sudden pressure increase can be avoided, and the manufacturing tolerances between piston 14 and cylinder 15 can even be relatively large, e.g. need only be in the hundredths of a millimeter range, so that the manufacturing outlay is low.

A check valve 16 is arranged in the intake line 4. In the housing 17 of the valve 16, a ball 18 is arranged as a valve element, for example, which in its rest position is pressed by a spring 19 against its valve seat 20 at the end of the valve housing 17 on the reservoir side. For this purpose, the spring 19 is supported on the one hand on the ball 18 and on the other hand on the wall of the valve seat 20 opposite Housing 17 in the area of the mouth 21 of the intake line 4th

The storage element 6 has e.g. two-part housing 22, in the cavity of which a membrane 23 is stretched as the organ to be displaced, which separates a pressure-line-side space filled with fuel from the cavity, and which, in the relaxed state, divides the cavity into two adherences through the membrane are sealed against each other. On the side of the membrane 23 facing away from the line 7, an elastic force acting on it engages in an empty space, the storage volume, e.g. a spring 24, which is set up as a return spring for the membrane 23. The spring 24 is supported with its end opposite the membrane on an inner wall of the cylindrically widened empty cavity. The empty cavity of the housing 22 is delimited by an arched wall which forms a stop surface 22a for the membrane 23.

The coil 9 of the pump 1 is connected to a control device 26, which serves as an electronic control for the injection device.

In the de-energized state of the coil 9, the armature 10 of the pump 1 is located on the base 11a due to the pretensioning of the spring 12. The fuel supply valve 16 is closed and the storage membrane 23 is held in the housing cavity by the spring 24 in its position remote from the stop surface 22a.

When the coil 9 is actuated via the control device 26, the armature 10 with the piston 14 is moved in the direction of the injection valve 3 against the force of the spring 12. The delivery piston 14 connected to the armature 10 displaces fuel from the delivery cylinder 15 into the space of the storage element 6. The spring forces of the springs 12, 24 are relatively soft, so that fuel displaced by the delivery piston 14 during the first partial stroke of the delivery piston 14 presses the storage membrane 23 into the empty space almost without resistance. This allows the 14

Anchors 10 are initially accelerated almost without resistance until the storage volume or empty space volume of the storage element 6 is exhausted by the membrane 23 striking the arch wall 22a. The displacement of the fuel is suddenly stopped and the fuel is suddenly compressed due to the already high kinetic energy of the delivery piston 14. The kinetic energy of the armature 10 with the delivery piston 14 acts on the liquid. This creates a pressure surge that travels through the pressure line 2 to the nozzle 3 and there leads to the spraying of fuel.

For the end of the delivery, the coil 9 is switched off. The armature 10 is moved back to the floor 11a by the spring 12. The amount of liquid stored in the storage device 6 is sucked back into the delivery cylinder 15 via the lines 7 and 2 and the membrane 23 is pushed back into its starting position due to the action of the spring 24. At the same time, the fuel feed valve 16 opens, so that fuel is sucked out of the tank 5.

A valve 16a is expediently arranged in the pressure line 2 between the injection valve 3 and the branches 4, 7 and maintains a standing pressure in the space on the injection valve side, which e.g. is higher than the vapor pressure of the liquid at the maximum temperature, so that bubble formation is prevented. The parking pressure valve can e.g. be designed as the valve 16.

A storage piston 31 can also be used as a displacement element for the storage element 6 instead of the membrane 23. The stop which suddenly stops storing in this case can be designed to be adjustable according to the invention, so that the distance of the acceleration stroke of armature 10 and delivery piston 14 can be changed. This adjustment is carried out manually, for example, by an adjusting element which transmits the adjustment path to a displacement piston 31 via a cable 40. Alternatively, the adjustment can be carried out expediently 15, the control device 26 can be controlled, for example by means of an actuating magnet. 2 shows, for example, an exemplary embodiment of the storage element 6 with a displacement piston 31 that can be adjusted by means of a cable 40.

The storage element 6 according to FIG. 2 has a cylindrical housing 30 which can be formed integrally with the pressure line 2. As the organ to be displaced, a storage piston 31 is used, which is guided with a close fit on the inner wall of the cylinder housing 30, so that no significant leakage can occur, with an empty volume 33c being provided in the cylinder 30, into which the piston 31 can be displaced. Existing leakage liquid can escape from the empty volume space 33c through a drain hole 32 and is supplied to the fuel tank 5 (see FIG. 1). The drain hole 32 is formed in the cylinder wall of the housing 30 in the region of the housing cover 33, which lies opposite the housing wall 33a, which is integrally formed with a wall section of the pressure line 2. The drain hole 32 extends approximately radially to the central longitudinal axis 33b of the cylindrical housing 30th

A compression spring 34 is clamped between the inside of the housing cover 33 and the end face of the piston 31 opposite this wall, which presses the piston 31 into its rest position against the opposite end wall 33a of the housing, in which a bore 35 is formed which is in the center lies longitudinal axis 33b of the housing 30 and opens into the pressure line 2.

The housing cover 33 of the housing 30 is extended in a tubular manner in the axial direction, and in the passage of the extension tube 36 a stop bolt 37 is slidably guided like a piston and has a ring 38 at the end located in the space 33c. The piston 31 abuts against the underside of the ring 38 when it is moved from its rest position towards the housing cover 33. This stop element 37 is preloaded by means of a spring 39. The spring 39 is supported for this purpose on the one hand on the inside of the cover 33 and on the other hand on the ring step of the ring 38 of the bolt 37. The cable 40 is fastened to the part of the bolt 37 arranged outside the cylinder 30. The stop pin 37 can be adjusted in the direction of the central longitudinal axis 33b of the housing 30 by means of the cable 40, so that the possible stroke of the piston 31 can also be varied according to the position of the stop ring 38. The stop bolt 37 can be adjusted depending on the required acceleration stroke of the armature 10 of the pump 1 (FIG. 1).

The operation of the storage element 6 according to FIG. 2 corresponds essentially to that of the storage element 6 according to FIG. 1. During a first partial stroke of the delivery piston 14 and the armature 10 (FIG. 1), the storage piston 31 of the storage element 6 is displaced by Fuel is pressed out of its rest position shown in FIG. 2, the return spring 34 being designed to be relatively soft, so that the fuel moved by the delivery piston 14 seated on the armature 10 can be displaced almost without resistance of the storage piston 31. As a result, the armature 10 with the delivery piston 14 is almost resistance-free on part of the stroke, i.e. essentially only accelerates against the spring force of the springs 12, 34 until the storage piston 31 abuts the stop ring 38 with its spring-loaded end face, as a result of which the fuel located in the delivery cylinder 15 and in the pressure line 2 abruptly due to the high kinetic energy of the armature 10 and delivery piston 14 is compressed and this kinetic energy is transferred to the liquid. The resulting pressure surge then leads to fuel being sprayed out via the nozzle 3.

The adjustable stop pin 37 is also suitable for exclusively controlling the amount of fuel to be injected.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the fuel feed valve (valve 16 in FIG. 1) is designed such that it additionally acts as a storage element (corresponding to storage element 6 in FIGS. 1 and 2), so that combustion Substance is discharged almost without resistance from the delivery cylinder 15 and the pressure line 2 into a storage volume during the first partial stroke of the delivery piston, this storage element also determining the distance of the first partial stroke of the delivery piston 14. FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of a fuel feed valve designed in this way, which also ensures the function of a storage element for determining the first partial stroke of the delivery piston. An advantage of this space-saving variant of the invention is that instead of two components according to FIGS. 1 and 2, namely a fuel supply valve and a separate storage element, only a single component is present.

The valve 50 comprises an essentially cylindrical housing 51 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, is formed in one piece with the pressure line 2. A through hole 52 is made in the housing 51, which has a section 53 on the pressure line side, which opens into the pressure line 2 via an opening 53a, and a section 53b on the suction side, which is connected to the feed line to the fuel tank 5 (FIG. 1) . Between the two coaxial holes 53 and 53b in the housing 51, a radially expanded valve space 54 is formed, which accommodates a shut-off valve element 55. The valve element 55 consists of a circular disk 56 of large diameter and a circular disk 57 of small diameter, both circular disks being formed in one piece and the circular disk 57 having a smaller diameter being arranged on the side of the bore section 53. A valve body return spring 58 presses the valve element 55 in the idle state against the pressure line end face 59 of the valve chamber 54, the spring 58 being supported on the one hand on the disk 56 of the valve element 55 and on the other on the bottom of an annular step 60 which is centrally located in the the end face 59 of the valve chamber 54 opposite end face 61 is arranged. The disk 56 can thus sealingly come to rest against the end face 61 of the valve chamber 54. The bore section 53 of the central longitudinal bore 52 is connected to the valve chamber 54 via grooves or grooves 62 which are arranged in the housing wall 51 and which can be designed to widen in a funnel shape in the direction of the valve chamber 54 (see FIGS. 3).

In the starting position shown in FIG. 3, the valve element 55 bears against the end face 59 of the valve chamber 54 due to the action of the spring 58 with the disk 57. In this position, the bore section 53b on the storage tank side is in flow communication with the pressure line 2 and the delivery cylinder 15 via the valve space 54 and the channels 62 and the bore portion 53, the fuel tank device 5 shown symbolically representing an empty volume or storage volume, in the fuel can be displaced. If the delivery piston 14 is accelerated in the direction of the injection nozzle (arrow 3a) as a result of excitation of the coil, the displaced fuel can pass through the bore section 53, the grooves or grooves 62, the valve chamber 54 and the inlet bore 53b into the fuel reservoir almost without resistance 5 stream. The flow conditions of the valve 50 are designed such that when a certain flow velocity of the fuel is reached, the flow forces on the valve element 55 around which the fuel flows become greater than the pretensioning force of the spring 58, so that it is pressed toward the bore 53b. The valve element 55 closes with the disk 56 the inlet cross section of the bore 53b or the recess of the ring step 60, which results in an abrupt transfer of the kinetic energy of the armature 10 with the piston 14 to the fuel in the delivery cylinder 15 and in the pressure line 2, so that fuel is sprayed off via the nozzle 3 (see FIG. 1). In this version of the valve device 50, the energy storage path of the armature 10 with the piston 14 can be controlled by the excitation of the coil. The valve element 55 lifts again from the mouth of the inlet line 53b due to the pressure of the spring 58 when the piston 14 or the armature 10 moves back, so that fuel can be sucked in from the tank 5. FIG. 4 shows a variant of the component described above with reference to FIG. 3, which takes over the function of both the fuel supply and the control of the fuel injection, the partial stroke of the delivery piston serving for energy storage also being controllable via the component. An electrically controllable valve 70 is used for this purpose.

At the beginning of the pressure line 2, in the immediate vicinity of the pressure or delivery chamber 15 of the pump 1, the pressure line 2 has an opening 71 to which the fuel supply line 4 is connected, into which the electrically controllable valve 70 is inserted. In a valve housing 77, the valve 70 has a spring-loaded valve plate 72, which is firmly connected to an armature 73. The armature 73 has a central axis bore 74 and at least one transverse bore 75 in the region of the valve plate 72. In the rest position, the valve 70 is opened in that the armature 73 is pressed into an end position on the pressure line side by a spring 76 pressing against the plate 72 is, in which the fuel of the reservoir, not shown, is connected via the bores 75 and 74 and the pressure line opening 71 to the fuel of the pressure chambers 15, 2.

In the housing 77, a coil 78 is also arranged, which surrounds the armature 73 at a distance.

The injection process takes place according to the invention as follows. When the pressure line 2 is completely filled, the solenoid 9 of the pump 1 is excited, as a result of which the armature delivery piston element 10, 14 of the pump 1 is accelerated out of its rest position. The fuel displaced by the piston 14 flows through the pressure line opening 71, the central bore 74, the transverse bore 75 around the valve plate 72 and into the tank-side part of the line 4 to the fuel tank. At some point, valve 70 is activated by energizing coil 78 and moving armature 73 until valve plate 72 engages its valve seat. takes and blocks the fuel path. The pressure line opening 71 is blocked suddenly or very quickly, so that no further fuel can escape via line 4. As a result, armatures 10 with delivery pistons 14 are braked abruptly and release the stored kinetic energy to the incompressible fuel, which results in a pressure surge through which fuel is sprayed out of the pressure line 2 via the injection valve 3, as with the others Embodiments of the invention the armature 10 with piston 14 has either reached its full delivery stroke or is moved further. The injection valve 3 is hydraulically controlled in a manner known per se and is designed to be spring-loaded. The valve 70 is preferably controlled via control electronics which jointly operate the pump 1 and the shut-off valve 70.

5 shows a modification of the valve according to FIG. 3. The integral storage element inlet valve 90 has a housing 91 which is constructed in a unitary manner with the housing 8 of the pump 1 and the pressure line 2. A middle is located in the housing 91 ¬ introduced longitudinal bore 92, which ends at one end via an opening 93a in the pressure line 2 and at the other end in a cylindrical valve chamber 93, wherein channels 94 similar to the channels 62 according to FIG. 3 lead from the bore 92 to the valve chamber 93. The valve element is constructed in two parts and comprises a cylinder 95 guided in the valve chamber 93, in the cylindrical, continuous central step bore of which a piston 96 is displaceably guided. In the outer lateral surface of the cylinder 95, axially parallel grooves 97 are formed. The cylinder 95 is pressed into its rest position by a spring 98, in which it rests with its one end face on the tank-side floor of the valve chamber 93, into which a fuel supply line 99 coming from the fuel tank opens. In the bore for receiving the piston 96 there is a spring 100 on the tank side, which presses the piston 96 against the pressure line side bottom of the valve chamber 93, so that the bore 92 is covered, with a free space in the tank side interior of the cylinder 95 95a for the piston 96 is formed.

The valve 90 works as follows. When the delivery piston 14 performs a suction stroke, fuel is sucked out of the line 99 by the cylinder 95 being lifted from the tank-side bottom surface of the valve chamber 93 by the negative pressure against the pressure of the spring 98, so that fuel is drawn along the length ¬ grooves 97, the valve chamber 93 and the grooves 94 and the bore 92 can flow into the pressure line 2. During this process, the piston 96 bears, as shown in FIG. 5, on the bottom of the valve space 93 on the pressure line side. When the suction stroke has ended, the cylinder 95 is pressed by the spring 98 into the position shown in FIG. 5, in which the cylinder 95 rests sealingly on the tank-side bottom of the valve chamber 93.

At the beginning of the delivery stroke of the delivery piston 14, the piston 96 guided in the cylinder 95 is moved out of its abutment on the pressure line-side bottom of the valve chamber 93 due to the relatively soft design of the spring force of the spring 100 and pressed into the free space 95a, wherein in the resulting additional space in the valve chamber 93 fuel flows from the pressure chamber 15, 2, which is displaced during the conveying movement of the delivery piston 14, fuel on the tank-side end face of the piston 96 from the piston 96 via line 99 into the tank is pushed back. The delivery stroke of the delivery piston 14 is ended in that the piston 96 strikes the end of the piston 95 with its end face acted upon by the spring 100 against the step in the central longitudinal bore of the piston 95. As a result of this abrupt termination of the essentially resistance-free acceleration stroke of the armature 10 with the delivery piston 14, the formation of a very steep pressure rise in the pressure line 2 is brought about, as a result of which fuel is sprayed off via the nozzle 3 at high pressure.

According to a further variant of the invention, provision is made for the storage element 6 to be constructed in a unitary manner with the delivery piston of the reciprocating piston pump 1. A corresponding embodiment game is shown in Fig. 6. A storage piston 80 serves as the storage element, which is pressed in a first central longitudinal axis step bore section 14b on the pressure line side of a step bore 14a centrally through the piston 14 and the armature 10 against a stop (not shown) on the pressure line side by a spring 81. The piston 80 protrudes with its one end face into the pressure chamber 15 in the rest position. The bore section 14b in the delivery piston 14 receiving the storage piston 80 continues after the step 14c toward the armature 10 in a further step bore section 14d, on the step 14e of which the step 14e Pressure spring 81 supports, which presses against the armature-side end face of the piston 80. After step 14e, the bore 14a finally also passes through the armature 10 and opens into the empty armature space 11, so that air can be displaced.

The memory element of this embodiment works as follows. On a first part of the stroke of the delivery piston 14, the energy storage path, the storage piston 80 is forced into the bore of the delivery piston 14 provided for the piston, whereby an additional space for displaced fuel is available on the pressure chamber side, so that the armature 10 during the first stroke section together with the delivery piston 14 can be accelerated essentially without resistance. The resistance-free acceleration of armature 10 and delivery piston 14 is ended when the armature-side end face of the storage piston 80 comes to bear against the annular shoulder 14c of the stepped bore 14a. The consequence of this is an abrupt pressure increase, by means of which fuel is sprayed off via the nozzle 3.

The variant of the injection device according to the invention described below with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8 has a structural unit of an electrically driven reciprocating piston pump and stop means.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, a hydraulic valve as well as the pump and the pressure line 2 are in one common housing 121 housed. The function and the essential structure of the pump with electromagnetic drive essentially corresponds to the previously described embodiments of the pump 1 of the device according to the invention, the fuel being sucked in via a valve 122 which is fitted into the pump housing 121 and with the pressure line 2 in connection stands (Fig. 7).

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the valve 122 closes automatically due to the Bernoulli effect at a certain flow rate. The fuel flowing through the pressure line 2 during the acceleration phase passes through a gap 123 into the valve chamber 124. Between the valve cone 125 and the associated valve seat, a narrow annular gap is left, which is designed accordingly by a spring acting on the valve cone 125 126 can be set. Fuel flows through this annular gap and, according to Bernoulli, creates a lower static pressure than in the surrounding area. At a certain flow rate, the static pressure in the annular gap has dropped so far that the valve cone 125 is attracted and the valve 122 closes, as a result of which the pressure surge required to eject the fuel via the injection nozzle is generated. The pressure line 2 leading to the injection nozzle is connected to the outlet of a check valve 127, which is also structurally combined with the housing 121.

The valve cone 128 of the valve 127 is pressed against the associated valve seat by pretensioning a spring 129, the spring 129 being designed such that the valve 127 is closed when the pressure in the pressure line 2 is below the value which increases leads to an emission of fuel via the injection nozzle, which is indirectly connected to the valve 127. The check valve 127 also prevents bubbles from forming in the pressure line 2 to the injector valve, because the check valve ensures that the pressure in the pressure line between the injector and the check valve is constant. can be achieved that is higher than the vapor pressure of the fuel liquid.

In this exemplary embodiment, the armature 10 is provided with axially parallel slots 130 and 131 of different depths in the casing, which are distributed around the circumference of the essentially cylindrical armature. These slots prevent the formation of eddy currents when the solenoid 9 is excited and thus contribute to energy saving. Leak oil which has penetrated into the armature space can be sucked off with a line 120 which leads from the armature space 11 through the housing 121 to the outside.

The armature of the injection pump is usually reset using the return spring provided. To achieve high spray frequencies, the armature reset time must be kept short. This can be achieved, for example, by a correspondingly large spring force of the return spring. With a reduction in the reset time, however, the impact speed of the anchor at the anchor stop increases. The associated wear and / or the bouncing of the armature at the armature stop can be disadvantageous, as a result of which the total working time is increased. It is therefore an object of the invention to keep the fall time of the armature short until it is at rest. According to the invention this goal is achieved by e.g. Hydraulic damping of the armature return movement achieved in the last part of this movement.

FIG. 9 shows an exemplary embodiment of the injection pump, which essentially has the structure of the injection pump 1 according to FIG. 1. For the hydraulic damping, a cylindrical projection 10a is formed centrally on the back of the armature 10 in the manner of a piston-cylinder arrangement, which in the last section of the armature return movement suitably enters a pocket cylinder bore 11b in the base 11a which on the stop surface 11a for the armature 10 is formed in the housing 8. Longitudinal grooves 10b are formed in the armature 10, which slots the space 11 on the armature back side with the space 11 on the armature front side 25 connect. In the room 11 there is a medium, for example air or fuel, which can flow through the grooves 10b when the armature 10 moves. The depth of the blind cylinder bore 11b corresponds approximately to the length of the projection 10a (dimension Y in FIG. 12). Because the projection 10a can dip into the pocket cylinder bore 11b, the armature return movement in the last section is greatly delayed, as a result of which the desired hydraulic damping of the armature return movement is brought about by displacing the medium from the space 11b.

10a shows a variant of the hydraulic damping. In this exemplary embodiment too, the pump chamber 11 through which the delivery piston 14 passes, is connected in front of the armature 10 to the space 11 adjoining the rear side of the armature, specifically through holes 10 d that open into a central overflow channel 10 c in the region of the rear side of the armature. A central pin 8a of a shock absorber 8b protrudes with its conical tip 8c in the direction of the mouth of the overflow channel 10c, reaches through a hole 8d in the bottom 11a at the rear, which opens into a damping space 8e, and ends in the damping space with a ring 8f, which has a larger diameter has than the hole 8d. A spring 8g supported on the bottom of the damping space presses against the ring 8f and thus the pin 8a into its rest position (FIG. 10a). A channel 8h connects the damping space 8e to the rear armature space 11. The channels 10c and 10d allow the armature 10 to move almost without resistance during the acceleration phase.

The damping device 8b is ineffective in the acceleration movement of the armature 10, so that there is no impairment of the lifting phase. During the return movement, the mouth of the overflow channel meets the cone tip 8c and is closed, so that the flow through the channels 10c and 10d is interrupted. The armature 10 presses the pin 8a against the spring force and against the medium in the room 8e, which is also in the room 11 and flows out through the channel 8h into the room 11. The flows and spring forces are selected so that optimal damping is guaranteed. Instead of the channel 8h, a displacement bore 8i can be arranged centrally in the pin 8a according to FIG. 10b, through which the damping medium can be pressed into the overflow channel 10c.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the injection device according to the invention, it is provided that the energy stored in the return spring 12 of the armature 10 is used to advantage in the return movement of the armature 10. According to the invention, this can be done, for example, by the armature operating a pump device which can be used to supply fuel to the injection device to stabilize the system and to prevent bubbles from forming. 11 shows a corresponding exemplary embodiment of a second pump 260 connected to the fuel injection pump 1.

The fuel injector shown in FIG. 11 is otherwise designed in accordance with FIG. 4, that is to say has a fuel inflow and outflow control element for controlling the first partial stroke of the delivery piston 14. The second pump 260 is connected to the rear floor 11 a of the pump housing 8. In particular, the second pump 260 comprises a housing 261 which is connected to the housing 8 of the injection pump and in the pump chamber 261b of which a pump piston 262 is arranged, the piston rod 262a of which projects into the working chamber 11 of the armature 10, the piston 262 being acted upon by a return spring 263, which is supported on the housing base 261a in the region of an outlet 264.

In addition, the pump chamber 261b of the housing is connected to a storage container 266 via a feed line 265. A check valve 267 is used in the feed line 265, the structure of which is similar to the valve 16 in FIG. 1.

The second pump 260 works as follows. If the armature 10 of the injection pump 1 is moved in the direction of the injection nozzle 3 during its working stroke, the pump chamber 11 in the housing 8 27 behind the armature 10 with respect to its volume, whereby the pump piston 262 is moved in the direction of the armature 10 and is finally brought into its rest position by the action of the return spring 263. Oil is sucked in from the reservoir 266 into the working space 261b of the second pump 260 via the valve 267. During the return movement of the armature 10 of the pump 1 in the direction of its stop 11a, the pump piston 262 is pushed into the pump chamber 261b at least over part of the return path of the armature 10. The valve 267 is closed by the pump pressure and the medium conveyed by the second pump is discharged from the pump via the outlet 264 in the direction of arrow 264a.

The second pump 260 can be used as a fuel back pressure pump, wherein the fuel can be supplied to the valve device 70. It is advantageous here that the pump 260 can generate a static pressure in the fuel supply system which prevents vapor formation e.g. counteracts heating of the entire system.

In addition, the inventive design of the additional pump 260 on the pump 1 causes a quick damping of the armature 10, so that the armature 10 does not abut the stop 11a. rebounds.

Figures 12a and 12b show a particularly effective and simple damping device. The structure of the pump device 1 is the same as that shown in FIG. 9. The blind cylinder bore 11b according to FIG. 12a is larger in diameter than the diameter of the cylindrical projection 10a. The projection 10a is surrounded by a sealing lip ring 10e projecting in the direction of the blind cylinder bore 11b and made of an elastic material which fits into the blind cylinder bore 11b. An insertion bevel at the mouth of the blind cylinder bore 11b facilitates the entry of the lips of the sealing lip ring 10e into the blind cylinder bore 11b. This damping device provides good damping when the armature 10 strikes and does not hinder the acceleration stroke of the armature. The elastic damping element lOe with All protruding sealing lips immersed positively into the pocket cylinder bore 11b during the return stroke of the armature 10 and sealingly against the inner wall of the pocket cylinder bore 11b.

The blind cylinder bore 11b according to FIG. 12b is also larger in diameter than the cylindrical projection 10a. A sealing ring 10f made of elastic material sits positively on the wall of the blind cylinder bore 11b and has inward sealing lips 10g in the region of the mouth. The cylindrical projection 10a is plunged into the elastic sealing element 10f, the sealing lips 10g being pressed against the cylindrical projection 10a as a result of the outflowing damping medium, so that particularly good damping of the armature 10 is achieved.

FIG. 13 shows a likewise compact design of the electrically operated reciprocating pump according to the invention with an integrated stop valve. In this case, a coil 201 is arranged in a cylindrical, multi-part housing 200 in an interior 202 delimited by an outer jacket 200a and a cylindrical inner jacket 200b as well as an end wall 200c on the tank side and an end wall 200d on the pressure line side. The cylindrical interior 202 of the housing 200, which is surrounded by the inner jacket 200b, is divided into a tank-side and a pressure line-side interior region by a ring 203 which extends radially inwards. On the pressure line side, an annular bead 204 of a piston 205 is seated positively and firmly in this interior space against the ring edge of the ring 203, the piston 205 reaching through the ring opening 206 of the ring 203 at a distance and projecting into the tank-side area of the interior 202. The piston 205 is penetrated by a through bore 207, which is expanded in the tank-side end region of the piston and supports a valve 208 there, which is pressed against the valve seat 209a by a coil spring 209 in the direction of the tank side for the closed position, with the action a pressure acting from the tank side opened 29 can be.

On the part of the piston 205 located in the tank-side interior area of the interior 202, a pump cylinder 210 of the reciprocating piston pump sits in a form-fitting and slidable manner 214 is pressed against a ring step 213 in the interior 202, a valve stub 215 projecting beyond the end face 214 projecting a little at a radial distance into the interior 202a, which is radially narrowed in this area, and the end face of the cylinder 210 on the pressure line side is arranged at a distance from the ring 203 and thus a movement space for the cylinder 210 is created. The cylinder 210 seated in a form-fitting manner on the inner wall of the interior 202 has axially parallel, frontally open longitudinal grooves 216 in the lateral surface, the function of which is explained below.

The through bore 217 penetrating the pump cylinder 210 and receiving the piston 205 supports a tappet valve arranged in front of the piston 205 on the tank side, the tappet disc 218 of which is arranged at a distance from the end face of the piston 205 in a short bore extension and the tappet stem 219 of which is narrowed Bore 217a in valve stub 215, which supports itself against the inner wall of bore 217a, extends through and projects into narrowed interior space 202a.

At the free end of the plunger style 219, a plate 220 is expediently fastened, which has holes 221, the function of which is explained further below, the plunger stem 219 projecting a little further from the plate 220 and abutting the tank-side bottom surface 222 of the interior 202a. The plunger stem 219 is chosen so long that the plunger plate 218 is lifted from its valve seat, the pressure line-side opening 223 of the narrowed bore 217a, so that a certain gap "X" is formed, the meaning and purpose of which below is explained. A coil spring 224 stabilizes this position of the tappet valve in the illustrated rest position of the reciprocating pump, in which the spring 224 is supported at one end on the end face 214 of the cylinder 210 and at the other end against the plate 220.

From the bottom surface 222, axially parallel bores 225 extend into the bottom wall and open into an axial valve chamber 226, in which a valve plate 229 is pressed by a coil spring 228 in the tank direction against a valve seat 227 and has grooves 230 which can be covered peripherally by the valve seat 227 , so that the valve can be opened by a pressure on the tank connection side against the load of the spring 228 and a passage is created from the valve chamber 226 to the bores 225.

The valve chamber 226 is connected to a fuel line leading to the fuel tank (not shown); a pressure line (not shown) is attached to the end wall 200d on the pressure line side or to an extended connecting piece of the inner wall 200b, which leads to the spray valve. The arrows drawn in FIG. 13 indicate the path of the fuel.

The reciprocating pump shown in Figure 13 works as follows. The excitation of the coil 201 accelerates the cylinder 210 from the rest position shown in the direction of the pressure line almost without resistance, fuel flowing out of the space 202 via the grooves 216 and from the bore 217 or the plunger plate space in the direction of the interior 202a. The accelerated movement ends abruptly when the valve seat 223 strikes the valve plate 218, so that the stored energy of the cylinder 210 is transferred to the fuel located in the plunger antechamber. The valve 208 is opened and the pressure on the fuel located in the bore 207 or in the pressure line is propagated, as a result of which fuel is sprayed off through the injection nozzle. If the excitation is not yet switched off, fuel is sprayed off as long as the cylinder is moved. The tappet valve 218, 219 is taken along by the cylinder 210 and there is a negative pressure in the interior spaces 202, 202a and in the bores 225 and the antechamber of the valve space 226 delimited by the valve 229, so that the valve 229 is opened. Coming from the tank, the fuel flows through the peripheral grooves 230 in the valve plate 229, the anteroom of the valve chamber 226, the bores 225 and the holes 221 in the plate 220 into the interior 202a and via the grooves 216 into the interior 202. After the excitation has been switched off the cylinder is pushed back by the spring 211 into its rest or initial position, the plunger stem 219 abutting against the bottom wall 222 and the plunger valve being opened so that fuel passes through the space between the plunger stem and the bore 217a into the plunger disc antechamber 217 can flow. The valve 208 remains closed. It acts as a stand pressure valve and maintains a stand pressure in the fuel in the space between the injection valve (not shown) and the valve plate 208, which is, for example, higher than the vapor pressure of the liquid at the maximum temperature, so that bubbles form can be prevented.

In the embodiment of the injection pump shown in FIG. 14, which is the same as the embodiment in FIG. 13, which is why the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals, the piston 205 is formed in one piece with the end wall 200d and the auxiliary pressure valve 208, 209, which is shown in FIG is accommodated in a pipe socket 208a, covers the pressure line-side mouth of the bore 207 going through the piston 205.

The sliding pump cylinder 210, which acts as an anchor, is constructed in several parts for a simple possibility of mounting the valve tappet 218, 219. Since the multiple parts are not essential to the invention, the structure of the cylinder 210 is not described in detail.

The tappet stem 219 is made relatively short and can only do that via the tank-side end ring surface 214 of the cylinder 210 Protrude valve clearance. The end ring surface 214 abuts in the region of the end wall 200c against a plastic block 231 mounted there, which has through bores 232 which open peripherally in grooves 233 which are connected to the tank-side interior 202, with Boh ¬ stanchions 234 lead to the enlarged bore area of the bore 217 in the cylinder 210. The bores 232 open into the axial valve space 226 leading to the tank, which is accommodated in a pipe socket 226a.

In this embodiment of the invention, the tappet valve 218, 219 is not spring-loaded. It works due to inertia forces, the plunger stem being seated approximately in a form-fitting manner in the narrowed bore 217a. In the position shown in FIG. 14, the tappet valve is pressed against the plastic block 231 by the pressure acting on the tappet plate 218 in the spaces 202, 217, 207. If the cylinder 210 is accelerated, the tappet valve remains in this position until it is carried along by the valve seat 223. When the armature cylinder 210 is reset, the tappet stem 219 abuts the plastic block 231, so that the tappet valve returns to the starting position shown.

Expediently, the bore extension of the bore 217, in which the tappet plate 218 is accommodated, forms an annular step 235 on the pressure line side, which in the rest position of the tappet valve is only a short distance from the tappet plate 218 and against which the tappet plate 218 abuts when the tappet due to inertia during the return movement of the cylinder 210, it lifts off the valve seat and / or the valve should be rebounded from the plastic block 231 during the return movement of the cylinder 210. Recesses 235a are made in the end face of the ring step 235, which ensure an unimpeded flow of the fuel. In this way, the rest position of the tappet valve is ensured with simple means.

During the acceleration of the armature cylinder 210 flows in In this embodiment, the fuel injection pump from the pressure line-side interior 202 via the grooves 216 into the tank-side interior 202 and from the bores 207, 217 through the recesses 235a past the tappet disc 218 through the valve seat opening into the bores 235 also into the tank-side interior 202. The displacement of the fuel is suddenly interrupted by the closing of the tappet valve 218, 219, which causes the intended pressure surge. When the armature cylinder 210 is reset, the tappet valve 218, 219 opens and the fuel flows in the opposite direction.

So that the starting movement of the armature cylinder 210 from the rest position cannot be impaired, it is expediently provided that the end ring surface 214 is arranged at a small distance "A" from the surface of the plastic block 231 (FIG. 15). Support webs 214a, which protrude from the end ring surface 214, rest on the surface of the plastic block 231 and provide the distance "A", so that there is no disruptive negative pressure effect when the anchor cylinder 210 is started between the end ring surface 214 and the surface of the plastic block 231 can occur. Such support webs can be arranged for the same purpose on the end face of the plunger stem 219 (not shown). In addition, the distance "A" is selected to be so small that damping takes place during the return stroke by squeezing fuel out of the gap "A".

The embodiment of the reciprocating piston pump according to FIGS. 14 and 15 can be provided with a simply constructed, effective armature damping device, which is shown in FIG. 16. The tappet stem 219 has in its free end region a flange ring 219a, which overlaps the end ring surface 214 a little laterally and can rest against the end ring surface 214. In the surface of the plastic block 231, a recess 231a corresponding to the flange ring 219a is made, into which the flange ring 219a fits approximately in a form-fitting manner, so that a piston-cylinder-like hydraulic damping device is formed. When the armature cylinder 210 is reset, the 34

Flange ring 219a entrained with the end face 214. As soon as the flange ring 219a dips into the recess 231a, fuel is displaced therefrom and the armature cylinder 210 is braked. When the armature cylinder 210 accelerates, the armature cylinder moves almost without resistance. The flange ring 219a and thus the tappet valve 218, 219 initially remain in the recess 231a until the tappet valve is carried along by the valve seat.

The thickness of the flange ring 219a is expediently made somewhat larger than the depth of the recess 231a, so that the end ring surface 214 remains at a distance from the surface of the plastic block 231 in the rest position of the anchor cylinder 210 and supporting webs are not required in this respect.

A bore 236 is expediently arranged in the pressure line-side end wall 200d, which leads outwards from the pressure line-side interior 202 and onto which a connector 237 with a through-bore 238 is placed on the outside. Through the bore 236 and the drain port 237, e.g. during the starting phase of the pump or the burner, fuel is pumped out of the armature cylinder 210, so that the pump and / or the fuel supply line can be flushed out of air bubbles. Through the outlet 236, 237, fuel can also be flushed during the injection activity and heat can be dissipated, and bubbles can be avoided.

A pressure spring 238, which is supported on the end wall 200b, is expediently arranged on the inner wall of the pressure line-side interior 202, against which an end ring surface 239 of the armature cylinder only abuts when the armature cylinder 210 accelerates when there is a large stroke is initiated for a large amount of fuel to be sprayed. The spring is compressed. During the return movement of the armature cylinder 210, the spring 238 releases its stored spring force to the armature cylinder 210, so that it moves correspondingly accelerated into the rest position. In the reciprocating pumps described below with reference to FIGS. 17, 18, 19, the cylinder 210 acts as a piston-like anchor element which is guided in the inner cylinder 200b in a liquid-tight manner.

An injection pump 1 similar to the injection pump shown in FIG. 13 is shown in FIG. 17, the same parts being assigned the same reference numbers.

The piston 205a, which is partially seated in the armature cylinder bore 217, is not fastened to the end wall 200d on the pressure line side, but is mounted so as to be axially movable and is part of the spray valve device 3. The injection valve 3 has a valve cap 3b which fits into the front wall 200d of the housing 200 is screwed into the interior 202 on the injection valve side. The valve cap has a central injection nozzle hole 3d. In its rest position, the piston 205a covers the injection nozzle bore 3a with an end face 205b with a reduced diameter. The reduced surface area 205b merges with a truncated cone 205c into the cylindrical part of the piston 205a. The piston 205a is pressed in the armature cylinder bore 217 by a compression spring 240 against the injection nozzle bore 3d, the compression spring 240 being supported at another end against an intermediate wall 241 arranged in the armature cylinder bore 217, which divides the bore 217 into an injection nozzle and a tank side Section. At least one bore 242 leads from the end ring surface 212 through the armature cylinder 210 into the enlarged cylinder bore space of the tank-side region of the bore 217 in which the tappet plate 218 is received, and a bore 243 through the armature cylinder 210 from the region of the bore on the injection nozzle side 217 in the tank-side interior 202, the central region of the armature cylinder 210 being seated positively and almost liquid-tight on the inner wall of the interior 202. The anchor cylinder preferably has 202 grooves in the tank-side region of the interior, the groove webs on the inner wall of the interior 36 rooms 202 abut and form guides for the anchor cylinder 210 there.

17 works as follows. If the armature cylinder 210 is initially accelerated without resistance from the rest position shown, fuel flows via the bore 242 into the tank-side space of the bore 217 and from there into the space 202a, the valve 229 remaining closed. In addition, fuel flows through the bore 243 from the injection valve-side space of the bore 217 into the tank-side interior 202 and from there - since the armature cylinder 210 has lifted off the end ring surface 213 - also through the gap formed in this way into the space 202a. As soon as the tappet valve 218, 219 is gripped by the valve seat, the desired pressure surge occurs in the interior 202 on the injection valve side. The pressure surge is transmitted to the conical surface of the truncated cone 205c and lifts the piston 205 against the pressure of the spring 240 from the nozzle 3a , so that fuel is sprayed off. At the same time, a vacuum is created in the space 202a and in the tank-side interior 202, which also acts on the piston 205, but which is much less than the spring force of the spring 240, so that the piston remains unaffected. The negative pressure opens the valve 229 so that fuel is sucked in. The valve 229 closes again due to the spring force of the spring 228 when the return movement of the armature cylinder 210 begins, so that fuel is then forced into the spaces of the bore 217 and the interior 202 by the armature-cylinder movement. The function of the valve 292 corresponds to the function of the same valve 229 in the embodiment of the injection pump 1 according to FIG. 13.

A further embodiment of the injection pump 1 according to the invention, in which the injection nozzle 3 is accommodated directly in the end wall 200d in the housing 200 of the injection pump 1, results from FIG. 18. This embodiment is similar to that of FIG. 17, which is why the same parts are used same reference numerals are marked. In this case, the valve cap 3b forms a valve seat 3c for a tappet valve 244, the valve plate 245 of which is pulled from the outside against the valve seat 3c, and the tappet stem 246 of which engages freely through the cap bore 3d following the valve seat 3c or is supported radially by ribs 247 and freely through the Armature cylinder bore 217 goes and ends shortly before the enlarged area of bore 217, in which tappet plate 218 of tappet valve 218, 219 is received. At the free end of the tappet stem 246 there is attached a ring 248a with holes or edge recess 248, against which a pressure spring 250 is supported on the injection valve side, which on the other hand on the end wall 200d of the housing 200 or on the valve cap 3b is present. It is important in this embodiment that the anchor cylinder 210 only has the through hole 217 and no marginal grooves, but rests positively on the inner wall of the interior 202.

In contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 17, this injection pump, which has no piston, functions as follows. When the tappet valve 218, 219 is taken away from the valve seat of the armature cylinder 210, the pressure in the fuel in the space 202, 217 and 3d suddenly builds up, so that the tappet valve 244 opens for spraying against the pressure of the return spring 250. The plunger plate 218 then hits the plunger stem 246 after a further stroke "H" and holds the valve 244 open.

An embodiment of the injection pump 1 according to the invention which is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 18 is shown in FIG. 19, the same parts again being designated with the same reference numbers.

The tappet stem 246 of the tappet valve 244 is made shorter and in the rest position or starting position of the pump 1 extends only into the end region of the armature cylinder bore 217 on the injection valve side. Accordingly, the return spring 250 is also shortened. In addition, however, a further pressure spring 251 presses against the ring 248a from the tank side, which is supported at one end against a wall 217e which has a central bore 217d and divides the bore 217 into an area on the injection valve side and a tank side, which are connected via the bore 217d.

In this version of the injection pump 1, the spring 251 supports the opening of the valve 244, as in the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 18, in which the opening is supported by the valve disk 218 which strikes the tappet stem 246. The springs then also hold the valve 244 in the open position, as long as the spring pressure of the spring 250 or 251 causes this.

In order to increase the throughput, which in the case of large burners is in the range between approximately 100 kg / h and 900 kg / h, it is expedient to provide an injection device with a plurality of pumps 501 (FIG. 20), which feed the fuel via a common delivery line 503 inject into the combustion chamber through the nozzle or valve 504. The individual pumps are preferably operated out of cycle, so that the fuel pulses are injected into the combustion chamber 505 at a very high frequency. With a larger number of pumps 501, a quasi-continuous fuel supply can then be achieved via a nozzle 504, the throughput of which, however, can be controlled much more precisely in comparison with conventional continuously operating fuel supply devices.

It is also possible to connect several pump-nozzle units via a common nozzle assembly 506 (FIGS. 21, 22). In such a nozzle assembly 506, a single nozzle insert 504 is provided for each pump 501. The pumps 501 can emit their pulses in a circulating manner, so that the individual fuel pulses at the nozzle inserts 504 are emitted all the way into the combustion chamber 505, as a result of which the flame center in the burner executes a circular movement. This in turn clearly shows that the device according to the invention can be used to influence parameters that were not accessible to conventional burner controls. The area of application of the burners according to the invention is both large and small burners and they are used for heating, drying, evaporating, driving gas turbines etc. and have an intense heat emission, also due to the high pressure (50 to 100 bar ) generated excellent atomization of the fuel in the combustion chamber, the structure of the device can be kept compact and excellent exhaust gas values are achieved.

Claims

Expectations

1. Oil burner for a thermal system with a combustion chamber, into which fuel is supplied by a fuel supply element, characterized in that the fuel supply element is an injection device working according to the energy storage principle with a pump (1) and a nozzle device (3) which suddenly releases a defined amount of fuel.

2. Oil burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the injection device is designed such that the amount of fuel dispensed per injection pulse is adjustable.

3. Oil burner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the injection device is connected to a control unit which controls the injection frequency in such a way that it has the largest possible frequency spacing from the resonance frequency of the combustion chamber.

4. Oil burner according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an electronic control unit is provided with a gas sensor for measuring the resulting combustion gases, which controls the frequency of the injection and / or the injection quantity in accordance with the signal of the gas sensor.

5. Oil burner according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that several pumps (501) are provided which are connected to a single nozzle (504) via a common delivery line (503).

6. Oil burner according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a plurality of pumps (501) are provided, each of which is connected via a delivery line (503) to a respective nozzle (504), which in a single nozzle assembly (506) are arranged.

7. Oil burner according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the injection valve works according to the solid-state Energiespei¬ cher principle, wherein in a pump cylinder with a solenoid driven Hubkolbenpum¬ pe guided piston element subsets of abspritzen¬ the fuel during an almost resistance-free acceleration phase while the piston element stores kinetic energy, is displaced in the pump area before spraying, the displacement is suddenly stopped with the displacement means, so that a pressure surge is generated in the fuel located in a closed pressure chamber , in which the stored kinetic energy of the piston element is transferred directly to the fuel located in the pressure chamber and the pressure surge is used for spraying fuel through an injection nozzle device.

8. Oil burner according to claim 7, characterized in that the displacement interrupting the pressure surge generating means outside the leading liquid-tight contact area between the piston element and the lifting piston cylinders of the reciprocating pump are arranged.

9. Oil burner according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the means for interrupting the displacement or for generating the pressure rise are designed as a means having a stop means (6, 50, 70, 90, 125, 218/223) aus¬ .

10. Oil burner according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the stop means (e.g. 37) is designed to be position-adjustable.

11. Oil burner according to one or more of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that a volume storage element (6) is provided for the displacement of fuel during the acceleration phase.

12. Oil burner according to claim 11, characterized in that it has an electromagnetically driven reciprocating pump (1) which is connected via a delivery line (2) to an injection nozzle device (3), with a delivery line (4) from the delivery line (2) ) branches off, which is connected to a fuel storage container (5) and wherein the volume storage element (6) is connected via a line (7) to the delivery line (2).

13. Oil burner according to claim 12, characterized in that the pump (1) has a housing (8) in which an annular coil (9) is mounted, an armature (10) being arranged in the region of the coil passage and being in the form of a cylindrical body and is guided in a housing cylinder which is located in the area of the central longitudinal axis of the ring coil (9) takes place and is pressed by means of a compression spring (12) into an initial position in which it rests on the bottom (11a) of the housing cylinder, a delivery piston (14) being attached to the end face of the armature (10) on the injection nozzle side, which is relatively deeply immersed in a cylindrical fuel delivery chamber (15) which is arranged coaxially to the housing cylinder and is in transmission connection with the pressure line (2).

14. Oil burner according to claim 12 and / or 13, characterized in that a check valve (16) is arranged in the intake line (4).

15. Oil burner according to one or more of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the storage element (6) has a housing (22), in the cavity of which a membrane (23) is tensioned as the organ to be displaced, which has a Drucklei from the cavity ¬ separates the fuel-filled space and divides the cavity into two halves in the relaxed state, which are sealed against each other by the membrane, an empty space being arranged on the side of the membrane facing away from the line (7), which has an arched shape Wall (22a) as a stop means for the membrane (23).

16. Oil burner according to claim 15, characterized in that the side of the membrane facing away from the line (7)

(23) a spring acting on the membrane in the empty space

(24) is arranged, which acts as a return spring for the membrane (23).

17. Oil burner according to one or more of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that in the pressure line (2) between the injection valve (3) and the pressure chamber in front of the branches (4, 7) a check valve (16a) is arranged, which forms a storage space in the injection valve-side space for maintaining a certain static pressure in the fuel.

18. Oil burner according to one or more of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that as a displacement member for the storage element (6) in a with the line 7 in connection with the cylindrical housing (30) guided storage piston (31) ver¬ used the cylinder (30) provides an empty volume (33c) into which the piston (31) can be displaced by the fuel.

19. Oil burner according to claim 18, characterized in that a drain hole (32) is arranged in the region of the empty space volume (33c).

20. Oil burner according to claim 18 and / or 19, characterized in that a compression spring (34) is clamped in the empty space volume (33c) and presses the piston (31) into its rest position against a pressure line-side housing wall (33a).

21. Oil burner according to one or more of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that an axially adjustable stop bolt (37) for the piston (31) is arranged in the void volume (33c), which passes through the housing wall and outside the housing with a Adjustment means is connected.

22. Oil burner one or more of claims 7 to 14 and 17, characterized in that the fuel feed valve (16) is also designed as a storage element valve (50).

23. Oil burner according to claim 22, characterized in that the valve (50) has a cylindrical housing (51) in which a through bore (52) is made, which has a pressure line side section (53) and a suction side section (53b ), in which a radially expanded valve chamber (54) is formed, which receives a shut-off valve element (55) which is made in one piece from a circular disc (56) of large diameter and a circular disc (57) of small diameter, the circular disc (57) on the bore section side

(53) is arranged and wherein a valve body return spring (58) the valve element in the idle state against a pressure line end face (59) of the valve chamber

(54) presses, which is supported on the one hand on the circular disc (56) and on the other at the bottom of an annular step (60) which is arranged centrally in the end face (61) opposite the end face (59) of the valve chamber (54), so that the Circular disk (56) can come into sealing contact with the end face (61) of the valve chamber (54) and the bore section (53) in connection with the valve chamber (54) via grooves or grooves (62) arranged in the housing wall (51) ) stands, which are expediently widened in the direction of the valve chamber (54).

24. Oil burner according to claim 22, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t by an electromagnetically controlled valve (70).

25. Oil burner according to claim 24, characterized in that the valve (70) in a valve housing (77) has a ring coil (78), in the interior of which a cylinder bore (74) is provided, in which an armature (73 ) which is connected to a spring-loaded valve plate (72) and at least one transverse to the longitudinal Extension of the armature has extending bore (75) in the region of the valve plate, the armature (73) being pressed by a spring (76) pressing against the plate (72) into an end position on the pressure line side, in which the fuel passes over the Bores (75) and (74) and the pressure line opening (71) are connected to the fuel of the pressure chambers (15, 2).

26. Oil burner according to claim 22, characterized by an integral storage element inlet valve device (90) which has a housing (91) into which a central longitudinal bore (92) is introduced, which ends at one end via an opening (93a) in the pressure line ( 2) and at the other ends in a cylindrical valve chamber (93), with channels (94) leading from the bore (92) to the valve chamber (93) and the valve element being in two parts and a cylinder (93) guided in the valve chamber (93) 95) comprises a piston in its cylindrical through-center bore

(96) is displaceably guided and wherein in the outer surface of the cylinder (95) axially parallel grooves

(97) and the cylinder (95) is pressed into its rest position by a spring (98), in which it rests with its one end face on the tank-side bottom of the valve chamber (93), into which one comes from the fuel tank Fuel supply line (99) opens, and in the bore for receiving the piston (96) a spring (100) sits on the tank side, which presses the piston (96) against the pressure line side bottom of the valve chamber (93), so that the bore (92) is covered, a space (95a) for the piston (96) being formed in the tank-side interior of the cylinder (95).

27. Oil burner according to one or more of claims 7 to 14 and 17, characterized in that the storage element (6) has the same construction as the conveyor piston (14) of the reciprocating pump (1) is formed.

28. Oil burner according to claim 27, characterized in that a storage piston (80) serves as the storage element, which in a pressure line-side first central longitudinal axis step bore section (14b) has a stepped bore (14a) going centrally through the piston (14) and the armature (10). is pressed against a stop on the pressure line side by a spring (81), the piston (80) in the rest position with its one end face projecting into the pressure chamber (15) and the bore section (14b) in the delivery piston (14) receiving the storage piston (80) continues after a step (14c) towards the armature (10) in a further step bore section (14d), on the step (14e) of which a compression spring (81) is supported which presses against the end face of the piston (80) on the armature side.

29. Oil burner according to claim 11, characterized in that a tank-side hydraulic valve together with the pump (1) and the pressure line (2) are accommodated in a common housing (121) and a hydraulically controlled fuel feed valve seated in the fuel supply line ( 122), which closes automatically due to the Bernoulli effect at a certain flow rate.

30. Oil burner according to claim 29, characterized in that the fuel passes through a gap (123) into a Ventil¬ space (124) of the valve (122) in which a narrow between a valve cone (125) and the associated valve seat An annular gap is left, which can be adjusted by appropriate design of a spring (126) acting on the valve cone (125).

31. Oil burner according to claim 29 and / or 30, characterized in that the pressure line (2) leading to the injection nozzle is connected to the outlet of a check valve (127), which is also structurally combined in the housing (121) and arranged above that the fuel path leads to the injector 3.

32. Oil burner according to claim 31, characterized in that the check valve (127) has a valve cone (128) which is pressed against a corresponding valve seat by prestressing a spring (129), the spring (129) being designed such that the valve (127) is closed when the pressure in the direction of the pressure line (2) is below the value which leads to an emission of fuel via the injection nozzle (3) which is indirectly connected to the valve (127).

33. Oil burner according to one or more of claims 7 to 32, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t by a hydraulic damping device for the anchor element (10) of the reciprocating pump.

34. Oil burner according to claim 33, characterized in that the hydraulic damping device is constructed in the manner of a piston-cylinder arrangement, a cylindrical projection (10a) being formed centrally on the armature (10), which in the last section of the armature return movement into a pocket cylinder bore ( 11b) fits in the base (11a) of the cylinder, grooves (10b) extending in the longitudinal direction being arranged in the armature (10) which connect the space on the back of the armature with the space on the front of the armature in the pump cylinder.

35. Oil burner according to claim 33, characterized in that the pump chamber (11) penetrated by the delivery piston (14) in front of the piston (10) is connected to the space on the armature back side (11) through bores (lOd) which in Area of the back of the armature opens into a central overflow channel (10c), a central pin (8a) of a shock absorber (8b) with a conical tip (8c) projecting towards the mouth of the overflow channel (10c).

36. Oil burner according to claim 35, characterized in that the central pin (8a) engages rearwards through a hole (8d) in the bottom (11a) which opens into a damping space (8e), the pin (8a) in the damping space with a ring (8f) ends, which has a larger diameter than the hole (8d), and wherein a spring (8g) is supported on the bottom of the damping space, which presses against the ring (8f), and wherein a channel (8h) Damping space (8e) connects to the rear anchor space (11).

37. Oil burner according to claim 35, characterized in that a continuous displacement bore (8i) is arranged centrally in the pin (8a), through which the damping medium can be pressed into the overflow channel (10c).

38. Oil burner according to claim 33, characterized in that the armature (10) serves a pump device during the return movement, which at the same time ensures a damping device for the armature (10).

39. Oil burner according to claim 38, characterized in that a second pump (260) is connected to the rear bottom (11a) of the pump housing (8), which is a housing (261), in the pump chamber (261b) of which a pump piston (262) is arranged, the piston rod (262a) of which projects into the working chamber (11) of the armature (10), the piston

(262) is acted upon by a return spring (263) which is supported on the housing base (261a) in the region of an outlet (264).

40. Oil burner according to claim 39, characterized in that the pump chamber (261b) is connected via a supply line (265) to a storage container (266), a check valve (267) being inserted into the supply line (265).

41. Oil burner according to claim 33 and / or 34, characterized in that the diameter of the pocket cylinder bore (11b) is greater than the diameter of the cylindrical projection (10a) and the projection (10a) or the pocket cylinder bore (11b) has a sealing lip ring (10e) or (10d), the sealing lip rings forming the piston seal for the projection (10a).

42. Oil burner according to one or more of claims 7 to 10 and 33 to 41, characterized in that the armature is designed as a pump cylinder (210), the housing interior (202) by a radially inwardly extending ring (203) in one an interior area on the tank side and a pressure line side is divided, and an annular bead (204) of a piston (205) of the reciprocating piston pump (1) is placed against a ring edge of the ring (203) in a form-fitting and fixed manner in this interior space, said piston opening (206 ) of the ring (203) passes through at a distance and protrudes into the tank-side area of the interior (202), where it engages in a continuous bore (217) of the armature cylinder (210).

43. Oil burner according to claim 42, characterized in that the piston (205) is penetrated by a through bore (207) which is expanded in the tank-side end region of the piston and there stores a check valve (208) which is supported by a coil spring (209 ) in the direction of the tank side for the closed position is pressed against a valve seat (209a).

44. Oil burner according to claim 42 and / or 43, characterized in that the pump cylinder (210) of the reciprocating pump sits on the part of the piston (205) located in the tank-side interior area of the interior (202) in a form-fitting and slidable manner, which ends on one end the coil spring (211) supporting the ring (203) and others on a ring step (212) of the cylinder (210) is pressed with its tank-side end ring surface (214) against a ring step (213) in the interior (202), wherein a valve stub (215) projecting beyond the end ring surface (214) projects a little at a radial distance into the interior (202), which is radially narrowed in this area, and the end surface of the cylinder (210) on the pressure line side is arranged at a distance from the ring (203) and thus a movement space for the cylinder (210) is created.

45. Oil burner according to claim 44, characterized in that the form-fitting on the inner wall of the interior (202) guided cylinder (210) has axially parallel frontally open longitudinal grooves (216) in the lateral surface, and that the pump cylinder (210 ) penetrating, through bore (217) receiving the piston (205) on the tank side supports a plunger valve arranged upstream of the piston 205, the plunger plate (218) of which is arranged at a distance from the end face of the piston (205) in a short bore extension and whose pushrod (219) the narrowed bore (217a) in the valve stub (215) - supporting itself against the inner wall of the bore (217a) - penetrates and projects into the narrowed interior (202a).

46. Oil burner according to claim 45, characterized in that at the free end of the plunger stem (219) a plate (220) is fastened, which has holes (221), the plunger stem (219) still a piece over the plate (220 ) protrudes, and abuts the tank-side bottom surface (222) of the interior (202a), the plunger stem (219) being chosen so long that the plunger plate (218) from its valve seat (223) of the narrowed bore (217a) is lifted off, so that a certain gap "X" is formed.

47. Olbrenner according to claim 46, characterized in that a helical spring (224) stabilizes the position of the plunger valve in the rest position of the reciprocating pump by the spring (224) at one end on the end face (214) of the cylinder (210) and at the other end against the plate (220).

48. oil burner according to one or more of claims 42 to 47, characterized in that from the bottom surface (222) axially parallel bores (225) extend into the bottom wall and open into an axial valve chamber (226) in which one of a screw Fe¬ the valve plate (229), which is pressed in the tank direction against a valve seat (227), has grooves (230) which can be covered peripherally from the valve seat (227), so that the valve is pressed against the load of the spring (228) by a pressure on the tank connection side can be opened and a passage from the valve chamber (226) to the bores (225) is created.

49. Oil burner according to claim 42, characterized in that the piston (205) is integrally formed with the end wall (200d) of the housing (200), the stand pressure valve (208, 209) on the pressure line side of the piston (205) in a pipe socket (208a) is arranged upstream and covers the pressure line-side opening of the bore (207) passing through the piston (205).

50. Oil burner according to claim 49, characterized in that the tappet stem (219) is relatively short and can only protrude through the tank-side end ring surface (214) of the cylinder (210) by the valve clearance.

51. Oil burner according to claim 50, characterized in that the end ring surface (214) in the region of the end wall (200c) abuts a plastic block (231) mounted there, which has through bores (232) which open peripherally into grooves (233) which are in communication with the tank-side interior (202), bores (234) leading from the tank-side interior (202) to the enlarged bore region of the bore (217) in the cylinder (210) and the bores (232) leading into the tank axial valve chamber (226) open, which is housed in a pipe socket (226a).

52. Olbrenner according to claim 51, characterized in that the bore extension of the bore (217) in which the tappet plate (218) is received, pressure line side forms an annular step (235), which is in the rest position of the tappet valve only a short distance from the tappet ¬ plate (218) and against which the tappet plate (218) abuts when the tappet lifts from the valve seat during the return movement of the cylinder (210) and / or the valve should be rebounded from the plastic block (231) during the return movement of the cylinder (210).

53. Oil burner according to claim 52, characterized in that recesses (235a) are made in the end face of the ring step (235), which ensure an unimpeded flow of the fuel.

54. Oil burner according to one or more of claims 51 to 53, characterized in that the end ring surface (214) is arranged at a short distance from the surface of the plastic block (231).

55. Oil burner according to claim 54, characterized in that the support webs projecting on the end ring surface (214)

(214a) are arranged.

56. Oil burner according to one or more of claims 42 to 55, characterized by an armature damping device in the free end region of the tappet stem (219), a flange ring (219a) being arranged there which overlaps the end ring surface (214) a little laterally and can rest on the end ring surface (214), and wherein in the surface of the plastic block (231) a recess (231a) corresponding to the flange ring (219a) is made, into which the flange ring (219a) fits approximately in a form-fitting manner.

57. Oil burner according to claim 56, characterized in that the thickness of the flange ring (219a) is somewhat larger than that

Depth of the recess (231a) is executed.

58. Oil burner according to one or more of claims 42 to 57, characterized in 55

that a bore (234) is arranged in the pressure line end wall (200d), which leads from the interior (202) on the pressure line side and to the outside is expediently fitted with a connecting piece (237) with a through bore (238), whereby fuel can be pumped out of the armature cylinder (210) through the bore (236) and the drain connector (237) during the starting phase of the pump 1 or the oil burner or continuously.

59. Oil burner according to one or more of claims 41 to 58, characterized in that on the inner wall of the pressure line-side interior (202) a pressure spring (238a) is arranged on the end wall (200b), against which at the Acceleration of the armature cylinder (210) abuts an end ring surface (239) of the armature cylinder and thereby compresses the spring.

60. Oil burner according to one or more of claims 42 to 59, characterized in that the cylinder (210) as a piston-like anchor element in the interior (202) is guided in a liquid-tight manner.

61. Oil burner according to claim 60, characterized in that a piston (205a) which is partially seated in the armature cylinder bore (217) is axially movable and is part of the spray valve device (3).

62. Oil burner according to claim 61, characterized in that the spray valve device (3) has a valve cap (3b) which is screwed into the end wall (200d) of the housing (200) in a manner reaching into the injection valve-side interior (202), the piston ( 205a) in its rest position with a reduced diameter end face (205b) covering the injection nozzle bore (3d) and the diameter reduced area (205b) with a truncated cone (205c) merges into the cylindrical part of the piston (205a).

63. Oil burner according to claim 62, characterized in that the piston (205a) in the armature cylinder bore (217) is pressed by a compression spring (240) against the injection nozzle bore (3d), the compression spring (240) against another in the armature cylinder bore (217) arranged intermediate wall (241) supports, which divides the bore (217) in an injection nozzle side and in a tank side area.

64. Oil burner according to claim 63, characterized in that at least one bore (242) leads from the end ring surface (212) through the anchor cylinder (210) into the enlarged cylinder bore space of the tank-side region of the bore (217) in which the tappet plate (218) and that a bore (243) goes through the armature cylinder (210) from the region of the bore (217) on the injection nozzle side into the tank-side interior (202), the central region of the armature cylinder (210) being positive and almost liquid-tight sits on the inner wall of the interior (202).

65. Oil burner according to claim 64, characterized in that the anchor cylinder (210) has grooves in the tank-side area of the interior (202), the groove webs abutting the inner wall of the interior (202) and guides there for the anchor Form cylinder (210).

66. Oil burner according to one or more of claims 42 to 60, characterized in that the injection nozzle (3) is accommodated directly in the end wall (200d) of the housing (200) and a valve The valve cap (3b) has a valve seat (3c) for a tappet valve (244), the valve disc (245) of which is pulled from the outside against the valve seat (3c) and the tappet stem (246) of which follows the valve seat (3c) Cap bore (3d) passes freely or radially supported by ribs (247) and passes freely through the armature cylinder bore (217) and ends shortly before the enlarged area of the bore (217) in which the tappet plate (218) of the tappet valve (218, 219) is accommodated, a ring (248a) having holes or radial recesses (248) having a hole or radial recesses (248) being fastened to the free end of the plunger stem (246), against which a compression spring (250) is supported on the injection valve side, the pressure spring (250d) being otherwise on ) of the housing (200) or on the valve cap (3b), the armature cylinder (210) only having the through-bore (217a) and no radial grooves, but rather in a form-fitting and liquid-tight manner on the inner wall of the interior (20 2) and the plunger plate (218) hits the plunger stem (246) after a certain stroke during the pumping movement.

67. Oil burner according to claim 66, characterized in that the tappet stem (246) of the tappet valve (244) is shorter and in the rest position of the pump (1) only extends into the injection valve-side end region of the armature cylinder bore (217), in addition another compression spring (251) presses against the ring (24-8a) from the tank side, which is supported at one end against a wall (217e) which has a central bore (217d) and which bores the bore (217) into an injector-side and a tank-side Area divided, which are connected via the bore (217d).

68. Oil burner according to one of claims 1 to 67, characterized in that a device retarding the fuel flow is provided. is seen, the actuation of the kinetic energy of the accelerated fuel is suddenly converted into a shock wave spraying the fuel via the injection nozzle.

69. Oil burner according to claim 68, characterized in that a common electronic control device (608) for the pump (602) and the electrically actuated delay device (606) is provided.