EP0749627B1 - Switching arrangement for load change-over switches of step switches and for selector switches - Google Patents
Switching arrangement for load change-over switches of step switches and for selector switches Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0749627B1 EP0749627B1 EP95913065A EP95913065A EP0749627B1 EP 0749627 B1 EP0749627 B1 EP 0749627B1 EP 95913065 A EP95913065 A EP 95913065A EP 95913065 A EP95913065 A EP 95913065A EP 0749627 B1 EP0749627 B1 EP 0749627B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- switching
- switching contact
- hkm
- skm
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
- H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
- H01F29/04—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
- H01H9/0038—Tap change devices making use of vacuum switches
Definitions
- the invention relates to a switching arrangement for diverter switches and for load selectors according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a generic switchover arrangement is already known from WO 94/02955.
- This known switching arrangement has at least two fixed step contacts and two switch contacts which can be moved in two directions and switch a load transfer from the one fixed step contact to the other fixed step contact.
- One of the switch contacts can be directly connected to the load derivation as the main switch contact, whereas the other switch contact can also be connected to the load derivation as a resistance switch contact in series connection with a transition resistor. Both switch contacts can be moved independently of one another and without direct mechanical coupling and interference.
- the resistance switch contact always selects slowly and continuously, driven by a drive shaft, the new fixed step contact regardless of the switching direction, and the switch contact abruptly follows this movement after a force store has been triggered.
- this known switching arrangement is only suitable for load selectors.
- a high switching power load is recorded, which requires additional measures that go beyond a mechanical emergency switching path in order to be statistical despite the imponderables Failure probabilities of vacuum interrupters to ensure adequate security.
- Another switching arrangement is known from DE-OS 25 20 670.
- This known switchover arrangement has two switch contacts which can be moved in two directions and switch the load derivation from one to the other step contact, one of which serves as a main switch contact and the other as a resistance switch contact, both being present at the same step contact in the stationary state.
- the movable switch contacts are rigidly coupled to one another and arranged on a common contact carrier and are also actuated together by the movement of the common contact carrier. Depending on the switching direction, one of the contacts alternates, and the other follows.
- Each of the movable switch contacts is connected in series to a mechanical series contact, the two series contacts being connectable to the load conductor both simultaneously and individually.
- This optional connection is made by a movable mechanical isolating or changeover contact.
- an energy storage drive is provided which, when triggered, both moves the two movable, mechanically coupled switching contacts and actuates the isolating contact.
- This known switching arrangement has several disadvantages. On the one hand, it inevitably requires a mechanical isolating contact; Vacuum interrupters, which are particularly advantageous because of their freedom from erosion and the resulting avoidance of contamination of the medium surrounding them and because of the high number of switching cycles that can be achieved, cannot be used for the known switching arrangement. On the other hand, in the known switching arrangement, depending on the switching direction, the switching contacts change their mechanical function from leading to lagging or vice versa; the switching sequence changes with the switching direction.
- both switch contacts must be actuated together by the energy accumulator, in addition - as explained - the mechanical isolating contact, which establishes the respective connection for load transfer, must also be actuated by the energy accumulator, so that overall a complicated kinematics and a mechanically complex energy accumulator are necessary surrender.
- the invention has for its object a switching arrangement of the beginning Specify the type mentioned, which is also applicable for diverter switches that use of vacuum interrupters in the main as well as in the resistance branch and with the the lowest possible switching power stress can be achieved.
- a particular advantage of the switchover arrangement according to the invention is that it achieves the lowest possible switching power stress. This makes it possible to provide a mechanical series emergency switching path as a safety device against the possible and statistically unpredictable failure of a vacuum interrupter, which is also present anyway when using the switchover arrangement according to the invention for a load selector and which is particularly simple due to a known optoelectronic arc detection with circuit breaker tripping can be monitored in the event of a response. Furthermore, due to the low switching power stress of the switching arrangement according to the invention, it can be constructed with smaller and correspondingly inexpensive vacuum interrupters.
- Another particular advantage of the switchover arrangement according to the invention is that the separate actuation of the main switch contact on the one hand and the resistance switch contact on the other hand provides a large switching path, which is important with regard to the distance between the contact elements and thus the achievable dielectric strength and also with regard to the re-consolidation voltage when the emergency switching path is used is. It is characteristic of the switching arrangement according to the invention that - irrespective of the switching direction and thus of the direction of movement (rotation) of the drive - the main switching contact always moves forward in a jump.
- the switching sequences of the first switching arrangement according to the invention are basically the same regardless of whether this switching arrangement acts as part of a load changeover switch or as part of a load selector.
- the only difference is that with the load selector, several switching operations in the same switching direction, e.g. from n over n + 1 to n + 2, are possible, while this is also the case electrically with the diverter switch, but mechanically with each switching between only two Positions changed, ie the switching direction is changed.
- the switching arrangement shown in FIG. 1 has fixed step contacts, A, B, which in a known manner via a tap selector with taps n, n + 1; n + 2, ... the Step winding are connected.
- the actual switching arrangement switches between these fixed step contacts A, B.
- This consists of a main switching contact SKM, which is connected to the common discharge line via a first vacuum switching cell SKV, and a resistance switching contact HKM, which can be moved independently of it and without mechanical coupling, and which also connects to the common one via a series connection of a second vacuum switching cell HKV and a switching resistor R. Derivative is connected.
- permanent main contacts DHK A ,, DHK B are advantageously provided in this exemplary embodiment, which carry the load current in stationary operation and thus relieve the switching arrangement.
- the load current can - with appropriate dimensioning of the vacuum switch cells - also be carried by the mechanical main switch contact SKM and the series-connected first vacuum switch cell SKV, which remains closed in stationary operation.
- Fig. 2 shows this first switching arrangement as part of a load selector, also here the permanent main contacts are not absolutely necessary; on the differences in the Actuation of the switching arrangement as part of a diverter switch on the one hand and a load selector, on the other hand, has already been pointed out.
- Switching step 1 Initial position; DHK A carries the load current Switching step 2 DHK A has opened, the main switch contact SKM and the first vacuum interrupter SKV have taken over the load current Switching step 3 The first vacuum interrupter SKV has opened, the load current flows through the resistance switch contact HKM, the second vacuum interrupter HKV and the transition resistor R.
- Switching step 4 The main switch contact SKM quickly leaves the fixed step contact n or A after a force accumulator has been triggered
- Switching step 5 The main switch contact SKM has reached the new fixed step contact n + 1 or B.
- Switching step 6 The first vacuum switching cell SKV closes and switches the load current to the fixed step contact n + 1 or B; Only the compensating current flows through the still closed second vacuum switching cell HKV and the transition resistor R.
- Switching step 7 The second vacuum switching cell HKV opens and thus interrupts the compensating current Switching step 8
- the resistance switch contact HKM leaves the fixed step contact n or A and follows the main switch contact SKM in the movement to the new fixed step contact n + 1 or B.
- Switching step 9 The HKM resistance contact has reached the new fixed step contact n + 1 or B.
- Switching step 10 The second vacuum switching cell HKV closes Switching step 11
- the permanent main contact DHK B closes and takes over the load current; the starting position is reached again and the switching arrangement is ready for switching again.
- Fig. 4 shows the associated circuit diagram for this first switching arrangement for a repeated switching from n to n + 1, then to n + 2 and then back to n + 1 for a switching arrangement according to FIG. 2.
- This circuit diagram also applies to the in Fig. 1 arrangement shown, in which, as explained above, mechanically, however, only in each case between the two fixed step contacts A and B.
- This rapid movement of the trailing resistance switch contact HKM is possible by means of a two-part force accumulator or two force accumulators coupled to one another in such a way that a second force accumulator is triggered after a first force accumulator and movement of the main switch contact SKM with a time delay. which tracks the HKM resistance switch contact.
- the main switch contact SKM and also the resistance switch contact HKM each consist of two interrupter contacts SKM A , SKM B or HKM A , HKM B that can be actuated coupled to one another, with one individual interruption contact SKM A , HKM B with the first fixed step contact A being electrical is connected and the respective other single break contact SKM B, HKM B is electrically connected to the other fixed tap contact B.
- Fig. 6 shows the associated switching process. It can be seen that here corresponding permanent connections for load transfer by the respective Single break contacts can only be closed or interrupted.
- FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment of a switching arrangement according to the invention.
- This embodiment is also specially designed for diverter switches, in which, in turn, the switchover takes place only between two fixed step contacts A and B.
- the single break contacts SKM A , SKM B of the main switch contact SKM described above as well as the single break contacts HKM A , HKM B of the resistance switch contact HKM are connected by two changeover switches S1 and S2.
- the first changeover switch S1 either closes the single break contact SKM A or the single break contact SKM B. This means that there is a double break through four single break contacts, which can be connected in a particularly simple manner with only two changeover switches S1, S2.
- Fig. 8 shows the associated switching process from the fixed step contact A to the fixed step contact B and back again. It can be seen that also in this embodiment the main switch contact reaches the new fixed step contact B, i.e. connects it directly to the load conductor L before the resistance switch contact leaves the previous fixed step contact A, ie its previous connection via the contact resistance R to the load conductor L. interrupts. It can also be seen that in all of the described embodiments of the invention the movement or actuation of the main switch contact on the one hand and the resistance switch contact on the other hand takes place without mechanical coupling. In addition, in the last-mentioned embodiments, it is also possible to provide additional permanent main contacts which take over the continuous current flow in the stationary states.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Push-Button Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Umschaltanordnung für Lastumschalter und für Lastwähler
gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a switching arrangement for diverter switches and for load selectors
according to the preamble of
Eine gattungsgemäße Umschaltanordnung ist aus der WO 94/02955 bereits bekannt.
Diese bekannte Umschaltanordnung weist mindestens zwei feste Stufenkontakte und zwei,
in zwei Richtungen bewegbare, eine Lastableitung von dem einen festen Stufenkontakt auf
den anderen festen Stufenkontakt umschaltende Schaltkontakte auf. Dabei ist einer der
Schaltkontakte als Hauptschaltkontakt direkt mit der Lastableitung verbindbar, wogegen
der andere Schaltkontakt als Widerstandsschaltkontakt in Reihenschaltung mit einem
Überschaltwiderstand ebenfalls mit der Lastableitung verbindbar ist. Beide Schaltkontakte
sind unabhängig voneinander und ohne direkte mechanische Kopplung und Beeinflussung
bewegbar. Bei dieser Umschaltanordnung wählt der Widerstandsschaltkontakt unabhängig
von der Schaltrichtung stets langsam und kontinuierlich, von einer Antriebswelle
angetrieben, während des Aufzuges eines Kraftspeichers den neuen festen Stufenkontakt
vor und der Schaltkontakt folgt sprungartig dieser Bewegung nach Auslösung eines
Kraftspeichers.
Diese bekannte Umschaltanordnung ist jedoch lediglich für Lastwähler geeignet. Darüber
hinaus ist bei dieser bekannten Umschaltanordnung eine hohe Schaltleistungsbeanspruchung
zu verzeichnen, die zusätzliche, über eine mechanische Notschaltstrecke hinausgehende,
Maßnahme erforderlich macht, um trotz der Unwägbarkeiten statistischer
Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeiten von Vakuumschaltröhren eine ausreichende Sicherheit zu
gewährleisten.
Bei der bekannten Umschaltanordnung ist es auf Grund der dort auftretenden
Schaltbeanspruchungen etwa erforderlich, im Lastzweig eine Reihenschaltung von zwei
Vakuumschaltröhren vorzusehen, die zweckmäßigerweise gleichzeitig betätigt werden. Dies
erhöht einerseits den Schaltungsaufwand, zum anderen sind auch zusätzliche mechanische
Mittel zur gleichzeitigen Betätigung beider Vakuumschaltröhren erforderlich.A generic switchover arrangement is already known from WO 94/02955. This known switching arrangement has at least two fixed step contacts and two switch contacts which can be moved in two directions and switch a load transfer from the one fixed step contact to the other fixed step contact. One of the switch contacts can be directly connected to the load derivation as the main switch contact, whereas the other switch contact can also be connected to the load derivation as a resistance switch contact in series connection with a transition resistor. Both switch contacts can be moved independently of one another and without direct mechanical coupling and interference. With this switchover arrangement, the resistance switch contact always selects slowly and continuously, driven by a drive shaft, the new fixed step contact regardless of the switching direction, and the switch contact abruptly follows this movement after a force store has been triggered.
However, this known switching arrangement is only suitable for load selectors. In addition, in this known switchover arrangement, a high switching power load is recorded, which requires additional measures that go beyond a mechanical emergency switching path in order to be statistical despite the imponderables
Failure probabilities of vacuum interrupters to ensure adequate security.
In the known switchover arrangement, it is necessary, because of the switching stresses occurring there, to provide a series connection of two vacuum interrupters in the load branch, which are expediently actuated simultaneously. On the one hand, this increases the circuit complexity, on the other hand, additional mechanical means for simultaneously actuating both vacuum interrupters are required.
Eine weitere Umschaltanordnung ist aus der DE-OS 25 20 670 bekannt.
Diese bekannte Umschaltanordnung weist zwei in zwei Richtungen bewegliche, die
Lastableitung von dem einen auf den anderen Stufenkontakt umschaltende, Schaltkontakte
auf, von denen einer als Hauptschaltkontakt und der andere als Widerstandsschaltkontakt
dient, wobei im stationären Zustand beide am gleichen Stufenkontakt anliegen.
Die beweglichen Schaltkontakte sind dabei starr miteinander gekoppelt und auf einem
gemeinsamen Kontaktträger angeordnet und werden durch die Bewegung des gemeinsamen
Kontaktträgers auch gemeinsam betätigt. Abhängig von der Schaltrichtung läuft jeweils
wechselnd einer der Kontakte vor, und der jeweils andere folgt nach.Another switching arrangement is known from DE-OS 25 20 670.
This known switchover arrangement has two switch contacts which can be moved in two directions and switch the load derivation from one to the other step contact, one of which serves as a main switch contact and the other as a resistance switch contact, both being present at the same step contact in the stationary state.
The movable switch contacts are rigidly coupled to one another and arranged on a common contact carrier and are also actuated together by the movement of the common contact carrier. Depending on the switching direction, one of the contacts alternates, and the other follows.
Jeder der beweglichen Schaltkontakte ist in Reihe zu einem mechanischen Seriekontakt
geschaltet, wobei die beiden Seriekontakte sowohl gleichzeitig als auch einzeln mit der
Lastableitung verbindbar sind. Diese wahlweise Verbindung erfolgt durch einen
beweglichen mechanischen Trenn- bzw. Umschaltkontakt.
Weiterhin ist bei dieser bekannten Anordnung ein Kraftspeicherantrieb vorgesehen, der bei
seiner Auslösung sowohl die beiden beweglichen, mechanisch miteinander gekoppelten
Schaltkontakte bewegt als auch den Trennkontakt betätigt.Each of the movable switch contacts is connected in series to a mechanical series contact, the two series contacts being connectable to the load conductor both simultaneously and individually. This optional connection is made by a movable mechanical isolating or changeover contact.
Furthermore, in this known arrangement an energy storage drive is provided which, when triggered, both moves the two movable, mechanically coupled switching contacts and actuates the isolating contact.
Diese bekannte Umschaltanordnung hat mehrere Nachteile.
Zum einen erfordert sie zwangsläufig einen mechanischen Trennkontakt;
Vakuumschaltröhren, die besonders wegen ihrer Abbrandfreiheit und der daraus
resultierenden Vermeidung der Verschmutzung des sie umgebenden Mediums sowie wegen
ihrer hohen erreichbaren Schaltzahlen vorteilhaft sind, können für die bekannte
Umschaltanordnung nicht verwendet werden.
Zum anderen wechseln bei der bekannten Umschaltanordnung je nach Schaltrichtung die
Schaltkontakte ihre mechanische Funktion von voreilend in nacheilend bzw. umgekehrt; der
Schaltablauf ändert sich mit der Schaltrichtung. Es müssen demnach beide Schaltkontakte
vom Kraftspeicher gemeinsam betätigt werden, zusätzlich muß vom Kraftspeicher auch
noch - wie erläutert - der mechanische Trennkontakt, der die jeweilige Verbindung zur
Lastableitung herstellt, mit betätigt werden, so daß sich insgesamt eine komplizierte
Kinematik und ein notwendigerweise mechanisch aufwendiger Kraftspeicher ergeben.This known switching arrangement has several disadvantages.
On the one hand, it inevitably requires a mechanical isolating contact; Vacuum interrupters, which are particularly advantageous because of their freedom from erosion and the resulting avoidance of contamination of the medium surrounding them and because of the high number of switching cycles that can be achieved, cannot be used for the known switching arrangement.
On the other hand, in the known switching arrangement, depending on the switching direction, the switching contacts change their mechanical function from leading to lagging or vice versa; the switching sequence changes with the switching direction. Accordingly, both switch contacts must be actuated together by the energy accumulator, in addition - as explained - the mechanical isolating contact, which establishes the respective connection for load transfer, must also be actuated by the energy accumulator, so that overall a complicated kinematics and a mechanically complex energy accumulator are necessary surrender.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Umschaltanordnung der eingangs genannten Gattung anzugeben, die auch für Lastumschalter anwendbar ist, die den Einsatz von Vakuumschaltröhren im Haupt- als auch im Widerstandszweig gestattet und mit der eine möglichst geringe Schaltleistungsbeanspruchung erzielt werden kann.The invention has for its object a switching arrangement of the beginning Specify the type mentioned, which is also applicable for diverter switches that use of vacuum interrupters in the main as well as in the resistance branch and with the the lowest possible switching power stress can be achieved.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Umschaltanordnung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.
Die Unteransprüche beinhalten besonders vorteilhafte
Weiterbildungen der Erfindung. This object is achieved by a switching arrangement with the features of
Besonders vorteilhaft an der erfindungsgemäßen Umschaltanordnung ist, daß mit ihr die
geringst mögliche Schaltleistungsbeanspruchung erzielt wird. Dadurch ist es möglich, als
Sicherheitseinrichtung gegen den möglichen und statistisch nicht vorhersehbaren Ausfall
einer Vakuumschaltröhre eine mechanische Serien-Notschaltstrecke vorzusehen, die zudem
bei der Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Umschaltanordnung für einen Lastwähler
ohnehin vorhanden ist und die aufbesonders einfache Weise durch eine an sich bekannte
optoelektronische Lichtbogenerfassung mit Leistungsschalter-Auslösung im Ansprechfall
überwacht werden kann.
Weiterhin kann durch die geringe Schaltleistungsbeanspruchung der erfindungsgemäßen
Umschaltanordnung deren Aufbau mit kleineren und entsprechend preisgünstigen
Vakuumschaltröhren erfolgen.
Besonders vorteilhaft an der erfindungsgemäßen Umschaltanordnung ist weiterhin, daß
durch die getrennte Betätigung des Hauptschaltkontaktes einerseits und des
Widerstandsschaltkontaktes andererseits ein großer Schaltweg zur Verfügung steht, was
hinsichtlich des Abstandes der Kontaktelemente und damit der erreichbaren
Spannungsfestigkeit sowie auch hinsichtlich der Wiederverfestigungsspannung bei
Inanspruchnahme der Notschaltstrecke von Bedeutung ist.
Charakteristisch für die erfindungsgemäße Umschaltanordnung ist, daß - unabhängig von
der Schaltrichtung und damit von der Bewegungs-(Dreh-)richtung des Antriebes - stets der
Hauptschaltkontakt sprungartig betätigt vorausläuft.A particular advantage of the switchover arrangement according to the invention is that it achieves the lowest possible switching power stress. This makes it possible to provide a mechanical series emergency switching path as a safety device against the possible and statistically unpredictable failure of a vacuum interrupter, which is also present anyway when using the switchover arrangement according to the invention for a load selector and which is particularly simple due to a known optoelectronic arc detection with circuit breaker tripping can be monitored in the event of a response.
Furthermore, due to the low switching power stress of the switching arrangement according to the invention, it can be constructed with smaller and correspondingly inexpensive vacuum interrupters.
Another particular advantage of the switchover arrangement according to the invention is that the separate actuation of the main switch contact on the one hand and the resistance switch contact on the other hand provides a large switching path, which is important with regard to the distance between the contact elements and thus the achievable dielectric strength and also with regard to the re-consolidation voltage when the emergency switching path is used is.
It is characteristic of the switching arrangement according to the invention that - irrespective of the switching direction and thus of the direction of movement (rotation) of the drive - the main switching contact always moves forward in a jump.
Aus der DE-PS 756 435 ist es zwar prinzipiell bereits bekannt, daß beim Richtungswechsel der Kontaktbewegung der Stufenwählerkontakte der an den Überschaltwiderstand angeschlossene Wählerkontakt den anderen "überholt", jedoch sind bei dieser bekannten Lösung beide Stufenwählerkontakte, d.h. Wählerarme, mechanisch miteinander und mit dem Antrieb gekoppelt; das "Überholen" erfolgt entweder mechanisch durch einen Leergang im Antriebsgetriebe oder elektrisch durch zwei zusätzliche Umschalter, die die Zuordnung, d.h. Beschaltung der Stufenwählerkontakte bei Drehrichtungsumkehr, vertauschen. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Umschaltanordnung sind dagegen beide Kontaktarme völlig unabhängig voneinander bewegbar: Der Hauptschaltkontakt wird durch den ausgelösten Kraftspeicher sprungartig zum neuen Festkontakt bewegt, der Widerstandsschaltkontakt folgt anschließend mit beliebig wählbarer Geschwindigkeit. From DE-PS 756 435 it is known in principle that when changing direction the contact movement of the tap selector contacts to the contact resistance connected selector contact "overhauled" the other, but are known to this one Solution of both tap changer contacts, i.e. Electoral arms, mechanically with each other and with the Drive coupled; the "overtaking" is done either mechanically by an empty gear in the Drive gear or electrically by two additional changeover switches, which the assignment, i.e. Exchange the circuit of the tap changer contacts when the direction of rotation is reversed. In the Switching arrangement according to the invention, however, both contact arms are completely independent Movable from each other: The main switch contact is triggered by the energy store jumped to the new fixed contact, the resistance switch contact follows then at any speed you choose.
Die Erfindung soll nachstehend an Hand von Zeichnungen beispielhaft noch näher erläutert werden.
- Fig. 1
- zeigt eine erste erfindungsgemäße Umschaltanordnung als Teil eines Lastumschalters
- Fig. 2
- zeigt diese erste erfindungsgemäße Umschaltanordnung als Teil eines Lastwählers
- Fig. 3
- zeigt bei dieser ersten Umschaltanordnung die erforderlichen Schaltschritte von einer Spannungsstufe auf eine andere
- Fig. 4
- zeigt für diese erste Umschaltanordnung das zugehörige Schaltdiagramm für eine mehrmalige Stufenschaltung.
- Fig. 5
- zeigt eine zweite erfindungsgemäße Umschaltanordnung als Teil eines Lastumschalters
- Fig. 6
- zeigt bei dieser zweiten Umschaltanordnung die erforderlichen Schaltschritte von einer Spannungsstufe auf eine andere
- Fig. 7
- zeigt eine dritte erfindungsgemäße Umschaltanordnung als Teil eines Lastumschalters
- Fig. 8
- zeigt bei dieser dritten Umschaltanordnung die erforderlichen Schaltschritte von einer Spannungsstufe auf eine andere und wieder zurück
- Fig. 9
- zeigt für diese dritte Umschaltanordnung das zugehörige Schaltdiagramm.
- Fig. 1
- shows a first switching arrangement according to the invention as part of a diverter switch
- Fig. 2
- shows this first switching arrangement according to the invention as part of a load selector
- Fig. 3
- shows in this first switching arrangement the required switching steps from one voltage level to another
- Fig. 4
- shows the associated circuit diagram for a multiple step switching for this first switching arrangement.
- Fig. 5
- shows a second switching arrangement according to the invention as part of a diverter switch
- Fig. 6
- shows in this second switching arrangement the necessary switching steps from one voltage level to another
- Fig. 7
- shows a third switching arrangement according to the invention as part of a diverter switch
- Fig. 8
- shows in this third switching arrangement the necessary switching steps from one voltage level to another and back again
- Fig. 9
- shows the associated circuit diagram for this third switching arrangement.
Die Schaltabläufe der ersten erfindungsgemäßen Umschaltanordnung sind unabhängig
davon, ob diese Umschaltanordnung als Teil eines Lastumschalters oder als Teil eines
Lastwählers wirkt, prinzipiell gleich.
Der einzige Unterschied besteht darin, daß beim Lastwähler mehrere Schaltungen in der
gleichen Schaltrichtung, d.h. z.B. von n über n+1 nach n+2, möglich sind, während dies
beim Lastumschalter elektrisch zwar ebenfalls der Fall ist, mechanisch jedoch bei jeder
Schaltung zwischen nur zwei Positionen gewechselt, d.h. die Schaltrichtung geändert wird. The switching sequences of the first switching arrangement according to the invention are basically the same regardless of whether this switching arrangement acts as part of a load changeover switch or as part of a load selector.
The only difference is that with the load selector, several switching operations in the same switching direction, e.g. from n over n + 1 to n + 2, are possible, while this is also the case electrically with the diverter switch, but mechanically with each switching between only two Positions changed, ie the switching direction is changed.
Die in der Fig. 1 dargestellte Umschaltanordnung weist feste Stufenkontakte, A, B auf, die auf bekannte Weise über einen Stufenwähler mit Anzapfungen n, n+1; n+2,...der Stufenwicklung in Verbindung stehen.The switching arrangement shown in FIG. 1 has fixed step contacts, A, B, which in a known manner via a tap selector with taps n, n + 1; n + 2, ... the Step winding are connected.
Zwischen diesen festen Stufenkontakten A, B schaltet die eigentliche Umschaltanordnung.
Diese besteht aus einem Hauptschaltkontakt SKM, der über eine erste Vakuumschaltzelle
SKV mit der gemeinsamen Ableitung verbunden ist, sowie aus einem unabhängig davon und
ohne mechanische Kopplung bewegbaren Widerstandsschaltkontakt HKM, der über eine
Reihenschaltung aus einer zweiten Vakuumschaltzelle HKV und einem
Überschaltwiderstand R ebenfalls mit der gemeinsamen Ableitung verbunden ist.
Ferner sind in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel vorteilhafterweise Dauerhauptkontakte DHKA,,
DHKB vorgesehen, die im stationären Betrieb den Laststrom führen und damit die
Umschaltanordnung entlasten.
Zur Funktion der Umschaltanordnung sind diese Dauerhauptkontakte jedoch nicht
unbedingt erforderlich, der Laststrom kann - bei entsprechender Dimensionierung der
Vakuumschaltzellen - auch vom mechanischen Hauptschaltkontakt SKM und der in Reihe
geschalteten ersten Vakuumschaltzelle SKV, die im stationären Betrieb geschlossen bleibt,
geführt werden.The actual switching arrangement switches between these fixed step contacts A, B. This consists of a main switching contact SKM, which is connected to the common discharge line via a first vacuum switching cell SKV, and a resistance switching contact HKM, which can be moved independently of it and without mechanical coupling, and which also connects to the common one via a series connection of a second vacuum switching cell HKV and a switching resistor R. Derivative is connected. Furthermore, permanent main contacts DHK A ,, DHK B are advantageously provided in this exemplary embodiment, which carry the load current in stationary operation and thus relieve the switching arrangement.
However, these permanent main contacts are not absolutely necessary for the function of the switchover arrangement, the load current can - with appropriate dimensioning of the vacuum switch cells - also be carried by the mechanical main switch contact SKM and the series-connected first vacuum switch cell SKV, which remains closed in stationary operation.
Fig. 2 zeigt diese erste Umschaltanordnung als Bestandteil eines Lastwählers, auch hierbei sind die Dauerhauptkontakte nicht zwingend notwendig; auf die Unterschiede bei der Betätigung der Umschaltanordnung als Bestandteil eines Lastumschalters einerseits und eines Lastwählers andererseits wurde bereits hingewiesen.Fig. 2 shows this first switching arrangement as part of a load selector, also here the permanent main contacts are not absolutely necessary; on the differences in the Actuation of the switching arrangement as part of a diverter switch on the one hand and a load selector, on the other hand, has already been pointed out.
Die Fig. 3 zeigt bei der ersten Umschaltanordnung die erforderlichen Schaltschritte von
einer Spannungsstufe auf eine andere. Diese Schaltschritte sind unabhängig davon, ob die
Umschaltung von einer niedrigeren zu einer höheren Spannungsstufe erfolgt oder
umgekehrt. Die einzelnen Schaltschritte sind dabei mit 1 bis 11 bezeichnet.
Es ist ersichtlich, daß dadurch, daß keine Addition von Last- und Ausgleichsstrom stattfindet, nur eine geringe Schaltleistungsbeanspruchung vorliegt.It can be seen that because there is no addition of load and compensation current takes place, there is only a low switching power load.
Fig. 4 zeigt das zugehörige Schaltdiagramm für diese ersten Umschaltanordnung für eine mehrmalige Stufenschaltung von n nach n+1, dannach n+2 und anschließend zurück nach n+1 für eine Umschaltanordnung gemäß Fig. 2. Dieses Schaltdiagramm gilt auch für die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Anordnung, bei der, wie oben erläutert, mechanisch jedoch nur jeweils zwischen den beiden festen Stufenkontakten A und B gewechselt wird.Fig. 4 shows the associated circuit diagram for this first switching arrangement for a repeated switching from n to n + 1, then to n + 2 and then back to n + 1 for a switching arrangement according to FIG. 2. This circuit diagram also applies to the in Fig. 1 arrangement shown, in which, as explained above, mechanically, however, only in each case between the two fixed step contacts A and B.
Es ist hierbei ersichtlich, daß, unabhängig davon, ob auf eine höhere oder eine niedere
Spannungsstufe umgeschaltet wird, stets der Hauptschaltkontakt SKM schnell vorläuft und
der Widerstandsschaltkontakt HKM schnell nachgeführt wird.
Es ist dabei demnach erforderlich, den vorlaufenden Hauptschaltkontakt SKM schnell durch
einen ausgelösten Federkraft- oder sonstigen Energiespeicher zu betätigen. Der
nachlaufende Widerstandsschaltkontakt HKM könnte theoretisch auch langsam bzw.
kontinuierlich nachgeführt werden, doch käme dann gerade einer der Vorteile der
Erfindung, die einfache Überwachung der Vakuumschaltröhren durch eine mechanische
Notschaltstrecke nämlich, nicht zum Tragen. Diese Notschaltung ist nur beim schnellen
Nachführen des Widerstandsschaltkontaktes HKM realisierbar. Diese schnelle Bewegung
des nachlaufenden Widerstandsschaltkontaktes HKM ist mittels eines zweiteiligen
Kraftspeichers oder zweier miteinander gekoppelter Kraftspeicher möglich, derart, daß nach
Auslösung eines ersten Kraftspeichers und Bewegung des Hauptschaltkontaktes SKM mit
zeitlicher Verzögerung ein zweiter Kraftspeicher ausgelöst wird. der den
Widerstandsschaltkontakt HKM nachführt.It can be seen that, regardless of whether the switch is made to a higher or a lower voltage level, the main switch contact SKM always advances quickly and the resistance switch contact HKM quickly follows up.
It is therefore necessary to quickly actuate the leading main switch contact SKM by a triggered spring force or other energy store. The trailing HKM resistance switching contact could theoretically also be tracked slowly or continuously, but then one of the advantages of the invention, namely the simple monitoring of the vacuum interrupters by a mechanical emergency switching path, would not come into play. This emergency switching can only be implemented when the HKM resistance switching contact is quickly adjusted. This rapid movement of the trailing resistance switch contact HKM is possible by means of a two-part force accumulator or two force accumulators coupled to one another in such a way that a second force accumulator is triggered after a first force accumulator and movement of the main switch contact SKM with a time delay. which tracks the HKM resistance switch contact.
Fig. 5 zeigt eine zweite erfindungsgemäße Umschaltanordnung, die speziell für
Lastumschalter, bei denen - wie erläutert - nur zwischen den beiden festen Stufenkontakten
A und B gewechselt wird, ausgestaltet ist. In besonders vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der
Erfindung bestehen hierbei Hauptschaltkontakt SKM als auch Widerstandsschaltkontakt
HKM jeweils aus zwei miteinander gekoppelt betätigbaren Einzelunterbrechungskontakten
SKMA, SKMB bzw. HKMA, HKMB, wobei jeweils ein Einzelunterbrechungskontakt
SKMA, HKMB mit dem ersten festen Stufenkontakt A elektrisch verbunden ist und der
jeweils andere Einzelunterbrechungskontakt SKMB, HKMB mit dem anderen festen
Stufenkontakt B elektrisch verbunden ist.
Bei der hier beschriebenen Weiterbildung der Erfindung findet also jeweils eine
Doppelunterbrechung statt; dadurch wird auf einfache Weise speziell bei Lastumschaltern
ein Umschalten ermöglicht, in dem nur einfache Unterbrecher, Kontaktbrücken o.ä. als
mechanische Schaltelemente erforderlich sind.5 shows a second switching arrangement according to the invention, which is specially designed for diverter switches in which - as explained - only a change is made between the two fixed step contacts A and B. In a particularly advantageous development of the invention, the main switch contact SKM and also the resistance switch contact HKM each consist of two interrupter contacts SKM A , SKM B or HKM A , HKM B that can be actuated coupled to one another, with one individual interruption contact SKM A , HKM B with the first fixed step contact A being electrical is connected and the respective other single break contact SKM B, HKM B is electrically connected to the other fixed tap contact B.
In the development of the invention described here, there is therefore a double break; This enables switching in a simple manner, especially in the case of diverter switches, in which only simple interrupters, contact bridges or the like. are required as mechanical switching elements.
Fig. 6 zeigt den dazugehörigen Umschaltvorgang. Es ist ersichtlich, daß hierbei entsprechende permanent vorhandene Verbindungen zur Lastableitung durch die jeweiligen Einzelunterbrechungskontakte jeweils nur geschlossen oder unterbrochen werden.Fig. 6 shows the associated switching process. It can be seen that here corresponding permanent connections for load transfer by the respective Single break contacts can only be closed or interrupted.
Fig. 7 zeigt eine dritte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Umschaltanordnung.
Auch diese Ausführungsform ist speziell für Lastumschalter ausgebildet, bei denen
wiederum die Umschaltung nur zwischen zwei festen Stufenkontakten A und B erfolgt.
Die weiter oben beschriebenen Einzelunterbrechungskontakte SKMA, SKMB des
Hauptschaltkontaktes SKM als auch die Einzelunterbrechungskontakte HKMA, HKMB des
Widerstandsschaltkontaktes HKM werden hierbei durch zwei Wechselschalter S1 und S2
beschaltet. 7 shows a third embodiment of a switching arrangement according to the invention. This embodiment is also specially designed for diverter switches, in which, in turn, the switchover takes place only between two fixed step contacts A and B.
The single break contacts SKM A , SKM B of the main switch contact SKM described above as well as the single break contacts HKM A , HKM B of the resistance switch contact HKM are connected by two changeover switches S1 and S2.
Der erste Wechselschalter S1 schließt wahlweise den Einzelunterbrechungskontakt SKMA oder den Einzelunterbrechungskontakt SKMB. Hierbei findet also eine Doppelunterbrechung durch vier Einzelunterbrechungskontakte auf, die auf besonders einfache Weise mit nur zwei Wechselschaltern S1, S2 beschaltbar sind.The first changeover switch S1 either closes the single break contact SKM A or the single break contact SKM B. This means that there is a double break through four single break contacts, which can be connected in a particularly simple manner with only two changeover switches S1, S2.
Fig. 8 zeigt den dazugehörigen Umschaltvorgang von dem festen Stufenkontakt A auf den
festen Stufenkontakt B und wieder zurück. Es ist zu erkennen, daß auch bei dieser
Ausführungsform der Hauptschaltkontakt den neuen festen Stufenkontakt B erreicht, d.h.
diesen mit der Lastableitung L direkt verbindet, bevor der Widerstandsschaltkontakt den
bisherigen festen Stufenkontakt A verläßt, d.h. dessen bisherige Verbindung über den
Überschaltwiderstand R mit der Lastableitung L unterbricht.
Es ist weiterhin zu erkennen, daß bei allen beschriebenen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung
die Bewegung bzw. Betätigung von Hauptschaltkontakt einerseits und
Widerstandsschaltkontakt andererseits ohne mechanische Kopplung erfolgt.
Auch bei den letztgenannten Ausführungsformen ist es darüberhinaus möglich, zusätzliche
Dauerhauptkontakte vorzusehen, die in den stationären Zuständen die Dauerstromführung
übernehmen.Fig. 8 shows the associated switching process from the fixed step contact A to the fixed step contact B and back again. It can be seen that also in this embodiment the main switch contact reaches the new fixed step contact B, i.e. connects it directly to the load conductor L before the resistance switch contact leaves the previous fixed step contact A, ie its previous connection via the contact resistance R to the load conductor L. interrupts.
It can also be seen that in all of the described embodiments of the invention the movement or actuation of the main switch contact on the one hand and the resistance switch contact on the other hand takes place without mechanical coupling.
In addition, in the last-mentioned embodiments, it is also possible to provide additional permanent main contacts which take over the continuous current flow in the stationary states.
Claims (5)
- Diverter switch arrangement for load diverter switches of tap selector switches and for load selectors with at least two fixed tap contacts and with two switch contacts which are movable in two directions and switch a load output line from the one fixed tap contact to the other fixed tap contact, wherein one of the switching contacts is connectible as main switching contact (SKM) directly with the load output line, wherein the other one of the switching contacts is connectible as resistance-switching contact (HKM) in series connection with a current-limiting resistor likewise with the load output line, wherein the two switching contacts are movable independently of each other and without mechanical coupling and influencing, wherein furthermore the series connection with the current-limiting resistor is fixedly associated with one of the switching contacts in such a manner that, independently of the switching direction, always the same first switching contact is connectible directly as main switching contact (SKM) and likewise always the same second switching contact is connectible as resistance-switching contact (HKM) with the load output line, wherein furthermore the connection of the first switching contact as main switching contact (SKM) as well as of the second switching contact as resistance-switching contact (HKM) with the load output line takes place by means of two separate and separately actuable vacuum switches (SKV, HKV) and wherein only the first switching contact as main switching contact is directly actuable suddenly by a released force storage device, characterised in that the switching over of the switching is initiatable by the sudden release of the force storage device, that the switching contact connectible as main switching contact (SKM) with the load output line reaches the new tap contact (n, n+1, ...; A, B) before the switching contact connectible as resistance-switching (HKM) with the load output line leaves the previous fixed tap contact (..., n+1, n; B, A), and that the resistance-switching contact (HKM) is movable suddenly in such a manner that the force storage device acting in two stages initially actuates the main switching contact (SKM) and, with a time delay, the resistance-switching contact (HKM).
- Diverter switch arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the main switching contact (SKM) and the resistance-switching contact (HKM) are mounted to be rotatable coaxially and that the fixed tap contacts (n, n+1, ...; A, B) each extend so far in axial and/or radial direction that they are wipable by both independently of each other.
- Diverter switch arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the main switching contact (SKM) and the resistance-switching contact (HKM) are guided linearly independently of each other in such a manner that all fixed tap contacts (n, n+1, ...; A, B) are wipable by both independently of each other.
- Diverter switch arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that both the main switching contact (SKM) and the resistance-switching contact (HKM) each consist of two single break contacts (SKMA, SKMB, or HKMA, HKMB), which are actuable coupled together, wherein each time one single break contact (SKMA, HKMA) of the main switching contact (SKM) as well as of resistance-switching contact (HKM) is electrically connected with the first fixed tap contact (A) and the respective other single break contact (SKMB, HKMB) of the main switching contact (SKM) as well as of resistance-switching contact (HKM) is electrically connected with the second fixed tap contact (B).
- Diverter switch arrangement according to claim 4, characterised in that the single break contacts (SKHA, SKMB) of the main switching contact (SKM) are switchable to by a first change-over switch (S1) and the single break contacts (HKMA, HKMB) of the second switching contact (HKM) are switchable to by a second change-over switch (S2).
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4407945 | 1994-03-09 | ||
| DE4407945A DE4407945C1 (en) | 1994-03-09 | 1994-03-09 | Switching device for load change-over or load selection switch |
| DE4441082A DE4441082A1 (en) | 1994-03-09 | 1994-11-18 | Switching arrangement for diverter switches of tap changers |
| DE4441082 | 1994-11-18 | ||
| PCT/EP1995/000855 WO1995024724A1 (en) | 1994-03-09 | 1995-03-08 | Switching arrangement for load change-over switches of step switches and for selector switches |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0749627A1 EP0749627A1 (en) | 1996-12-27 |
| EP0749627B1 true EP0749627B1 (en) | 1999-10-06 |
Family
ID=25934533
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95913065A Expired - Lifetime EP0749627B1 (en) | 1994-03-09 | 1995-03-08 | Switching arrangement for load change-over switches of step switches and for selector switches |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5786552A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0749627B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3847780B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100248253B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1046590C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE185442T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2067895A (en) |
| BG (1) | BG62224B1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9507049A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2184371C (en) |
| HU (1) | HU220525B1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL176720B1 (en) |
| RO (1) | RO117823B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2133994C1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995024724A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19547873C1 (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 1997-05-07 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Load changeover device for stage-transformer step switch |
| DE10028295C1 (en) * | 2000-06-07 | 2001-08-16 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Tap changer |
| DE10050895C1 (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2002-08-08 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Diverter switch for a tap changer |
| DE10050932C1 (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2002-06-13 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Spring energy store for electrical stepping switch uses tensioning spring(s) between linearly displaced carriage and linearly displaced driven piece for rotation of switch drive shaft |
| DE10050821C1 (en) | 2000-10-13 | 2002-05-02 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Mechanical switch contact |
| US6844706B2 (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2005-01-18 | Active Power, Inc. | Multiple path variable speed constant frequency device having automatic power path selection capability |
| US6825426B2 (en) * | 2002-10-02 | 2004-11-30 | Mcgraw-Edison Company | Make-before-break selector switch |
| RU2345437C2 (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2009-01-27 | Абб Рисерч Лтд. | Shunt resistance circuit breaker, method of circuit breaker control and use of circuit breaker |
| DE102004052316B3 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2005-12-01 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Switching method for measuring switch times on an on-load step switch attaches a test circuit to electric switch elements inside a step switch with a separate source of voltage |
| CN100555494C (en) * | 2006-07-17 | 2009-10-28 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | High-voltage automatic change-over switch |
| CN101521097B (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2012-12-19 | 沈阳东电科发科技有限公司 | Composite vacuum arc-extinguishing on-load voltage regulation switch of power transformer |
| CN101807473B (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2012-01-11 | 上海华明电力设备制造有限公司 | Parallel horn contact system |
| EP2264729A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 | 2010-12-22 | ABB Technology Ltd | Method and device for detecting failure of a vacuum interrupter of an on load tap changer |
| DE102010008973B4 (en) * | 2010-02-24 | 2015-11-05 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Step switch of the hybrid type with semiconductor switching elements |
| JP5677163B2 (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2015-02-25 | 株式会社東芝 | Accumulation mechanism with forcible input mechanism and tap switching device under load |
| DE102011116158A1 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-18 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | OLTC |
| DE102013107552B4 (en) | 2013-07-16 | 2017-03-16 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | OLTC |
| WO2016205903A1 (en) * | 2015-06-22 | 2016-12-29 | De Araújo Adilson Nogueira | Transition-reactor-free voltage-regulator stabilizers and tap switch polarity reversing key |
| KR101824174B1 (en) | 2017-10-17 | 2018-01-31 | 주식회사 케이피일렉트릭 | A rotary tap changer device for balancing ampere-turn by using selection protection blocks |
| EP3745434B1 (en) | 2019-05-28 | 2023-05-17 | Hitachi Energy Switzerland AG | Pressure pulse diagnostics of an on-load tap changer |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE756435C (en) * | 1936-10-28 | 1952-10-13 | Siemens Schuckertwerke A G | Switching device for step transformers |
| NL78133C (en) * | 1948-10-08 | |||
| GB1174579A (en) * | 1966-02-08 | 1969-12-17 | English Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to Tapchanging Circuit Arrangements |
| DE2520670C3 (en) * | 1975-05-09 | 1979-10-25 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck Gmbh & Co Kg, 8400 Regensburg | Switching arrangement for diverter switches from step switches for step transformers |
| SE394920B (en) * | 1975-10-29 | 1977-07-18 | Asea Ab | WINDING COUPLER |
| EP0650637B1 (en) * | 1992-07-16 | 1996-04-10 | MASCHINENFABRIK REINHAUSEN GmbH | Step switch |
| DE4407945C1 (en) * | 1994-03-09 | 1995-10-12 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Switching device for load change-over or load selection switch |
-
1995
- 1995-03-08 WO PCT/EP1995/000855 patent/WO1995024724A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-03-08 CN CN95191980A patent/CN1046590C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-08 RU RU96120150A patent/RU2133994C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-03-08 HU HU9602012A patent/HU220525B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-03-08 RO RO96-01746A patent/RO117823B1/en unknown
- 1995-03-08 KR KR1019960704907A patent/KR100248253B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-03-08 CA CA002184371A patent/CA2184371C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-08 PL PL95316081A patent/PL176720B1/en unknown
- 1995-03-08 AT AT95913065T patent/ATE185442T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-03-08 AU AU20678/95A patent/AU2067895A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-03-08 EP EP95913065A patent/EP0749627B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-08 JP JP52323295A patent/JP3847780B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-08 US US08/704,626 patent/US5786552A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-08 BR BR9507049A patent/BR9507049A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-08-05 BG BG100768A patent/BG62224B1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2133994C1 (en) | 1999-07-27 |
| AU2067895A (en) | 1995-09-25 |
| CA2184371A1 (en) | 1995-09-14 |
| CA2184371C (en) | 2004-12-28 |
| CN1046590C (en) | 1999-11-17 |
| EP0749627A1 (en) | 1996-12-27 |
| CN1143426A (en) | 1997-02-19 |
| PL316081A1 (en) | 1996-12-23 |
| WO1995024724A1 (en) | 1995-09-14 |
| ATE185442T1 (en) | 1999-10-15 |
| BG100768A (en) | 1997-03-31 |
| KR100248253B1 (en) | 2000-03-15 |
| BG62224B1 (en) | 1999-05-31 |
| US5786552A (en) | 1998-07-28 |
| HU9602012D0 (en) | 1996-09-30 |
| JPH09510052A (en) | 1997-10-07 |
| HU220525B1 (en) | 2002-03-28 |
| RO117823B1 (en) | 2002-07-30 |
| BR9507049A (en) | 1997-09-02 |
| HUT75268A (en) | 1997-05-28 |
| PL176720B1 (en) | 1999-07-30 |
| JP3847780B2 (en) | 2006-11-22 |
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