EP0748426B1 - Eine kugelventilkartusche für ein mischventil und ein hahnmischventil - Google Patents

Eine kugelventilkartusche für ein mischventil und ein hahnmischventil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0748426B1
EP0748426B1 EP93901326A EP93901326A EP0748426B1 EP 0748426 B1 EP0748426 B1 EP 0748426B1 EP 93901326 A EP93901326 A EP 93901326A EP 93901326 A EP93901326 A EP 93901326A EP 0748426 B1 EP0748426 B1 EP 0748426B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cartridge
ball valve
valve element
housing
mixer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93901326A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0748426A4 (de
EP0748426A1 (de
Inventor
Alfons Knapp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Masco Corp
Original Assignee
Masco Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Masco Corp filed Critical Masco Corp
Publication of EP0748426A4 publication Critical patent/EP0748426A4/de
Publication of EP0748426A1 publication Critical patent/EP0748426A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0748426B1 publication Critical patent/EP0748426B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/08—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks
    • F16K11/087—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks with spherical plug

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ball valve cartridge for a mixer valve and to a faucet mixer valve incorporating a movable valve element, according to the preamble portion of claim 11 which is formed by, e.g., document US-A- 5,018,553.
  • plate valves and ball valves. While ball valves offer a reliable one piece construction that is durable and easily assembled, plate valves offer a drive mechanism that allows motion of the handle in two desirable directions that appears to be universally accepted by the consumer. This desirable handle motion allows for an orbiting motion of the handle about a fixed longitudinal axis of the valve body and a rocking, i.e. pivoting, motion about a movable horizontal axis relative to the valve body. The horizontal axis is fixed with respect to the handle and is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the valve body.
  • ball valves have been devised that allow the handle to be operated in the same fashion as the commercially accepted plate type mixer valve.
  • These ball type mixer valves require the introduction of another moving part in the form of a rotatable plate mounted above the ball valve element.
  • these ball valves have been combined with plate devices which can be adjustably positioned about a cover opening through which the handle controls the ball valve to limit the total flow rate. Alternately or in addition, these limiting devices limit the maximum ratio of hot water to cold water and consequentially the maximum temperature of the mixed water at the outlet.
  • the ball valve element is mounted between elastomeric inlet seals positioned about the inlet ports of the valve body and a sealing gasket that is mounted under the valve cover or cap.
  • the elastomeric inlet seals and gasket are all yielding and render a floating characteristic to the ball valve element between the valve body and cap.
  • the ball valve can be moved in a translational manner against the elastomeric elements, the operator when operating the handle can also move the handle a small amount in any direction including directions not contemplated in the design of the mixing valve. This unwanted motion renders a undesirable spongy feel to the operation of the faucet and an uncertainty to the operator as to the proper operation of the faucet.
  • the spongy feel of the handle gives the impression that the handle is unstable and not assembled properly.
  • the top sealing gasket provides three functions. Firstly, it seals against leakage of water about the ball. Secondly, its outer periphery seals against the inner surface of the housing to prevent leakage. Thirdly, the gasket resiliently positions the ball downwardly against the inlet seals. As a consequence, the gasket is an expensive component due to its mass and shape.
  • a regulation ring has been incorporated in many ball valve mixing valves.
  • the regulation ring is adjustably screwed onto the valve cap.
  • the regulation ring pushes the sealing gasket downward against the ball valve element which in turn is pressed against the inlet seals.
  • the downward placement of the sealing gasket and ball valve element reduces the undesirable motion but does not eliminate it.
  • the combining of the regulation ring with the known gasket increases the cost and complexity of the mixing valve.
  • Plate valves have often been incorporated into a cartridge format.
  • the cartridge houses the movable and fixed plate.
  • the cartridge can easily removed and replaced with another in order to effect an easy repair to the faucet.
  • Ball valves have not been amenable to a faucet construction. Firstly, the floating nature of the traditional ball valve demanded that any cartridge completely surround and capture the ball valve, otherwise the ball valve will simply fall out of the bottom of the cartridge. Secondly, the compact nature of the ball valve construction leaves little room for the inclusion of a cartridge.
  • the introduction of traditional cartridges that house and capture the ball into the faucet housing demands that the housing be made taller to incorporate the added height needed for the inclusion of the cartridge.
  • a ball valve cartridge for a mixer valve that houses the upper sealing elements that seal against leakage to the exterior of the housing and seats a ball valve element.
  • a ball valve cartridge that includes a ball valve element that duplicates the handle motion of known plate valves that provide for swinging of the handle about the longitudinal axis of the valve body while retaining the advantage of having only one movable piece to operate the valve, in other words, without the introduction of a separate moving part.
  • a ball valve assembly that eliminates the need for a regulation ring and provides for a valve that eliminates the possibility of the handle moving in a fashion that is different from that needed for its proper operation.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a small ball valve cartridge for a mixer valve and a faucet mixer valve, respectively, the construction of which is simplified.
  • valve element is incorporated into a valve cartridge without necessitating an increase in the overall height of the valve body.
  • the seals that prevent leakage about the movable valve element and cartridge can have a minimal size and weight because the seals no longer have the double function of biasing and positioning the movable valve element against the inlet seal elements.
  • a mixer valve 10 includes a valve housing 12 that is formed from a lower base member 14 and a cover assembly 16.
  • the base member 14 has a cavity 22 formed therein with two inlet ports 18 and 19 for cold and hot water, and has an outlet port 20 for the passage of mixed water in communication with cavity 22.
  • the downstream ends of ports 18 and 19 are counter-bored to form a seat for two biasing springs 23 which bias tubular elastomeric sealing elements 25 against the ball valve element 24.
  • the holes therethrough have a diameter of approximately 6.5 mm.
  • the ports 18 and 19 have there downstream ends positioned at approximately 40° up from the bottom point 27 of cavity 22. Furthermore, the ports 18 and 19 are circumferentially positioned approximately 15° from the fore and aft plane as measured from the vertical axis 28.
  • a tubular shell 17 is sealingly and slidably mounted about the lower base member 14 and forms an annular chamber 15 in fluid communication with the outlet port 20.
  • a spout 21 is affixed to the shell 17 and in fluid communication with the annular chamber 15 through aperture 13 in shell 17.
  • the cover assembly 16 includes a threaded member 31 that is screwed onto the base member 14. A cosmetic shell 11 is positioned over the member 31.
  • the valve cavity 22 has a substantially semi-spherical lower surface sized to receive a ball valve element 24 that is housed in a cartridge 26.
  • the cover assembly 16 affixes the cartridge 26 in the cavity 22.
  • the base member 14 has an upright collar flange 70 with a keyed slot 71 that receives a key 72 of cartridge 26 to correctly orient the cartridge 26 in the mixer valve 10.
  • the ball valve element 24 has a substantially spherical valve surface 29 with cold inlet openings 30 and 32, hot inlet openings 34 and 36, and outlet opening 38 therethrough.
  • the openings 30 and 32 cooperate with the cold inlet port 18, openings 34 and 36 cooperate with hot inlet port 19, and outlet opening 38 cooperates with outlet port 20 to regulate the passage of water from the two inlet ports 18 and 19 to the outlet port 20 by regulating the mixture ratio from the two inlet ports 18 and 19 and the flow rate, i.e. volume of total water per unit time.
  • the cover assembly 16 has a control opening 40 therethrough.
  • the cover assembly 16 is positioned such that the longitudinal axis 28 of the valve housing 12 passes through the control opening 40.
  • the cartridge 26 includes a housing member 56 that has an upper opening 58 aligned under control opening 40.
  • a control stem 42 is fixedly connected to the ball valve element 24.
  • the control stem 42 extends through the control opening 40.
  • the control stem 42 is constructed to be attached to a faucet handle 43 in a conventional fashion.
  • the ball valve element 24 is pivotably mounted to the cartridge housing member 56.
  • the housing member 56 may be manufactured from known plastic material suitable for faucet applications.
  • the ball valve element 24 also has a cylindrical pin 60 extending therethrough with its distal ends 62 extending to the exterior of ball valve surface 29. Holes 61 are sized to slidably receive the pin 60.
  • the pin 60 is positioned to intersect the center 66 of ball valve 24 and lie perpendicular to control stem 42.
  • the pin 60 can be welded in place as described in more detail later.
  • Each distal end 62 is positioned in a circumferentially disposed slot 68 formed in the cartridge housin member 56.
  • Each slot 68 has a central axis disposed in a plane 69 perpendicular to axis 28. Because the ends 62 are cylindrical in shape, they have a circular cross-section that allows them to pivot in slots 68 about an axis 75 that is perpendicular to axis 28.
  • the circumferential ends 74 of the slots 68 form stop shoulders 76 for the distal ends 62.
  • the slots 68 are vertically dimensioned to form only enough clearance to allow sliding movement of the pin ends 62 in slot 68. Desirably no vertical spacing exists between slot 68 and the ends 62.
  • the ball valve element 24 has a lower section 90 of the valve surface 29 protruding through the large lower open end 92 of the cartridge housing member 56.
  • the protruding section 90 is a significant portion of the ball valve element 24.
  • the valve surface 29 with the openings 30, 32, 34, and 36 operably abuts the spring biased sealing elements 25.
  • An annular gasket seat 94 is positioned about the upper opening 58 and faces ball valve element 24.
  • the gasket seat 94 is canted with its inner periphery 95 positioned higher than its outer periphery 96.
  • a downwardly depending shoulder 97 vertically depends at the inner periphery 95.
  • An annular gasket seal ring 98 is mounted in the cartridge housing member 56 against the seat 94 such that it is placed under a preload with its inner periphery 100 twisted to be higher than its outer periphery 102.
  • the gasket seal ring 98 has four rounded peripheral lip sections 104, 106, 108, and 109. One of the lips 104 abuts the ball valve element 24 and provides a seal therebetween against leakage of water.
  • the upper lips 106 and 108 abut the canted seat 94 with inner lip 106 being positioned higher than outer lip 108.
  • the gasket seal ring 98 is shown in figure 6 in the unloaded position with the lips 106 and 108 being horizontally aligned.
  • the upper section 99 of valve surface 29 that abuts gasket seal ring 98 is properly polished to the appropriate smoothness to provide a proper seal with the gasket.
  • the outer periphery 110 of the cartridge housing member 56 has an annular groove 111 which seats an O-ring 112.
  • the O-ring 112 is sized to seal the cartridge outer periphery 110 with the cavity 22 in lower base member 14 of housing 12.
  • the rotation of the ball valve element 24 about axis 28 is limited by the position of the stop shoulders 76 that abut the distal ends 62.
  • Mixer valves having different applications may have different rotation angles established by the circumferentially positioning of stop shoulders 76.
  • the rotation of the ball valve element 24 as illustrated adjusts the ratio mix and thus the temperature of the discharged mixed water.
  • the rotation of the ball valve element 24 about axis 28 may also be limited by radially extending edges 80, 82, 84, and 86 of upper aperture 115 in guide template 120 that fits within upper recess 122 about opening 58 in cartridge housing member 56 as shown in figure 5.
  • Recess 122 is surrounded by an annular retaining collar 126.
  • the control stem 42 when it abuts the edges 80-86 is prevented from further movement beyond the respective edges.
  • Edges 80 and 82 define the cold limit and edges 84 and 86 define the hot limit.
  • the edges 80-86 allow the ball valve element 24 to rotate about vertical axis 28 for approximately 90°.
  • the upper opening 58 also has circumferential edges 88 and 89 that control the extent of rocking motion about axis 75 of pin 60 from the off position to the full on position respectively.
  • the cartridge 26 is assembled with the gaskets 98 and 112 properly seated. Ball valve element 24 is then positioned against gasket 98 and slightly pressed to bias the gasket 98. The pin 60 is then passed through the slots 68 and holes 61 in valve surface 29. The bias of the gasket 98 onto the ball valve element 24 provides a frictional fit of the pin ends 62 onto the lower surface 67 of each slot 68 that prevents the pin 60 from falling out. Template 120 is then placed in recess 122. The template 120 has an outer thin flange 123 that can be either press fitted or snap fitted in recess 122. The assembled cartridge 26 is a self contained assembly that can be sold separately as a repair replacement for later installation into the faucet mixer valve 10.
  • the assembled cartridge 26 is placed in cavity 22 of the base member 14.
  • the slot 71 properly positions the cartridge 26 in the cavity 22 and ledge 130 properly vertically positions the cartridge 26 on a corresponding ledge 132 in base member 14.
  • Cover assembly 16 is then threaded onto the upright flange 70 with a spring loaded corrugated ring 135 interposed between the cartridge 26 and cover assembly 16 to downwardly bias the cartridge 26 against ledge 132.
  • Gasket seal ring 98 functions solely to prevent leakage between the ball valve element 24 and cartridge housing member 56.
  • the O-ring 112 functions solely to prevent leakage between the cartridge housing member 56 and lower base member 14.
  • the vertical position of the ball valve element 24 is affixed within the cartridge housing member 56 by the pin 60 and slots 68. Furthermore, any adjustment ring 140 member that has previous been needed to provide proper bias of the ball valve element 24 against seal elements 25 becomes optional.
  • the ball valve element 24 is incorporated into an easily replaceable valve cartridge 26 without necessitating an increase in the overall height of the valve housing 12 as compared to prior art mixing valves incorporating ball valve elements. Furthermore, the cartridge is retrofittable or usable in the standard base member 14 that has previously been fitted with ball valves found in the prior art if the ball valve has the properly designed inlets and outlet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
  • Valve Housings (AREA)
  • Taps Or Cocks (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Kugelventilkartusche (26) für ein Mischventil (10), wobei die Kartusche (26) umfaßt
    ein Kugelventilelement (24), das mindestens einen Einlaß (30, 32, 34, 36) und einen Auslaß (38) hat,
    ein Kartuschengehäuse (56), welches eine obere Öffnung (58) zum Ermöglichen der Hindurchführung eines Steuerschafts (42) hat, um an das Kugelventilelement (24) anschließbar zu sein,
    Mittel (62, 68) zum bewegbaren Auflagern des Kugelventilelements (24) in dem Kartuschengehäuse (56),
    wobei die Kartusche (26) eine untere Öffnung (92) hat, durch welche das Kugelventilelement (24) vorsteht, wobei die Kartusche (26) als eine einzelne Einheit auswechselbar in einem Hohlraum (22) des Mischventils (10) einbaubar ist, während das Kugelventilelement (24) mit dem Kartuschengehäuse (56) verbunden bleibt, wobei das Kugelventilelement (24) in der Nähe von Einlaßöffnungen (18, 19) in dem Mischventil (10) unterhalb der Kartusche (26) auflagerbar ist, so daß sein mindestens einer Einlaß (30, 32, 34, 36) wahlweise mit der Einlaßöffnung (18, 19) in Ausrichtung oder außer Ausrichtung bringbar ist.
  2. Kugelventilkartusche (26) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Mittel zum Auflagern des Kugelventilelements (24) Vorsprünge (62) besitzen, die sich von in Umfangsrichtung entgegengesetzten Seiten des Kugelventilelements (24) weg erstrecken und in mindestens einem sich in Umfangsrichtung erstreckenden Schlitz (68) in der Kartusche (26) in Eingriff bringbar sind.
  3. Kugelventilkartusche (26) nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Vorsprünge (62) durch einen Stift (60) ausgebildet sind, der sich durch das Kugelventilelement (24) hindurch erstreckt.
  4. Kugelventilkartusche (26) nach Anspruch 3, wobei sich der Stift (60) in Reibeingriff mit einer unteren Fläche (67) des mindestens einen sich in Umfangsrichtung erstreckenden Schlitzes (68) befindet.
  5. Kugelventilkartusche (26) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Kartuschengehäuse (56) um die obere Öffnung (58) herum einen Dichtungssitz (94) hat, wobei in dem Dichtungssitz (94) eine Dichtungsmanschette (98) sitzt, die gegen das Kugelventilelement (24) dichtend in Anlage bringbar ist.
  6. Kugelventilkartusche (26) nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Dichtungsmanschette (98) eine radial nach innen gewandte Lippe (104) hat, die an dem Kugelventilelement (24) dichtend anliegt.
  7. Kugelventilkartusche (26) nach Anspruch 6, wobei die Dichtungsmanschette (98) vorgespannt ist, so daß die Lippe (104) gegen das Kugelventilelement (24) gedrückt ist.
  8. Kugelventilkartusche (26) nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, wobei der Dichtungssitz (94) so angeschrägt ist, daß sein Innenumfang (95) oberhalb seines Außenumfangs (96) angeordnet ist, und wobei die Dichtungsmanschette (98) eine unbelastete Stellung hat, in der ihre Innen- und Außenumfänge (100, 102) annähernd koplanar sind, wobei die Dichtungsmanschette (98) unter Vorspannung verwunden ist, so daß der Innenumfang (100) der Manschette oberhalb ihres Außenumfangs (102) liegt, und in dem angeschrägten Dichtungssitz (94) sitzt.
  9. Kugelventilkartusche (26) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Kartuschengehäuse (56) um sich herum einen äußeren Dichtungsring (112) hat, um Leckage um die Kartusche (26) herum zu verhindern.
  10. Kugelventilkartusche (26) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die weiterhin ein Kulissenteil (120) aufweist, das in einer oberen Aussparung (122) in dem Kartuschengehäuse (56) in der Nähe der oberen Öffnung (58) angebracht ist, um die Schwenkbewegung und die Kreisbewegung des Steuerschafts (42) zu begrenzen.
  11. Hahnmischventil (10) mit einem bewegbaren Ventilelement (24), das in einem Gehäuse (12) angebracht ist, welches einen Hohlraum begrenzt (22), wobei das Gehäuse (12) eine Mehrzahl von Einlaßöffnungen (18, 19) und eine Auslaßöffnung (20) hat, die mit dem Hohlraum (22) in Flüssigkeitsverbindung stehen, wobei das Ventilelement (24) mit den Einlaßöffnungen (18, 19) zusammenwirkt, um den Flüssigkeitsstrom durch die Öffnungen sowohl in der Durchflußmenge als auch in der Temperaturmischung einzustellen, wobei das Gehäuse (12) eine durch es hindurch geführte Steueröffnung (40) hat, wobei das Ventilelement (24) einen Steuerschaft (42) aufweist, der daran angeschlossen ist und sich durch die Steueröffnung (40) hindurch erstreckt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    das Mischventil (10) eine Kartuschenform aufweist, mit einer Kartusche (26), die ein Gehäuseteil (56) hat,
    wobei das Gehäuseteil (56) eine obere Öffnung (58) zum Ermöglichen der Hindurchführung des Steuerschafts (42) aufweist,
    wobei Mittel (60, 68) zum Auflagern des beweglichen Ventilelements (24) an dem Gehäuseteil (56) vorgesehen sind,
    wobei die Kartusche (26) eine untere Öffnung (92) hat, durch die das bewegbare Ventilelement (24) vorsteht, um mit den Einlaßöffnungen (18, 19) zusammenzuwirken,
    wobei das Gehäuseteil (56) um die obere Öffnung (58) herum einen Dichtungssitz (94) aufweist,
    wobei eine Dichtungsmanschette (98) um die obere Öffnung (58) in dem Gehäuseteil (56) herum in dem Dichtungssitz (94) sitzt und gegen das bewegbare Ventilelement (24) dichtend in Anlage bringbar ist.
  12. Hahnmischventil (10) nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mischventil (10) eine Kugelventilkartuschenform aufweist, mit einer Kugelventilkartusche (26) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10.
EP93901326A 1992-12-11 1992-12-11 Eine kugelventilkartusche für ein mischventil und ein hahnmischventil Expired - Lifetime EP0748426B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1992/010739 WO1994013985A1 (en) 1992-12-11 1992-12-11 A mixer valve having a ball valve element housed in a cartridge
CA002149031A CA2149031C (en) 1992-12-11 1992-12-11 A mixer valve having a ball valve element housed in a cartridge
HU9501291A HUT71590A (en) 1992-12-11 1992-12-11 Cartridge and mixer valve mainly mixer bibcock provided with such a cartridge

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0748426A4 EP0748426A4 (de) 1996-02-09
EP0748426A1 EP0748426A1 (de) 1996-12-18
EP0748426B1 true EP0748426B1 (de) 1998-04-29

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93901326A Expired - Lifetime EP0748426B1 (de) 1992-12-11 1992-12-11 Eine kugelventilkartusche für ein mischventil und ein hahnmischventil

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0748426B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1033404C (de)
CA (1) CA2149031C (de)
DE (1) DE748426T1 (de)
ES (1) ES2099045T3 (de)
FI (1) FI952843A0 (de)
HU (1) HUT71590A (de)
IL (1) IL107894A (de)
MX (1) MX9303335A (de)
RU (1) RU2094684C1 (de)
WO (1) WO1994013985A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1261603B (it) * 1993-10-08 1996-05-23 Gevipi Ag Dispositivo di tenuta con guarnizione di sezione quadrata, per rubinetto miscelatore ad atturatore sferico.
DK173156B1 (da) * 1994-10-05 2000-02-14 Damixa As Etgrebsblandingsarmatur
EP0808435B1 (de) 1995-02-06 2004-09-01 Masco Corporation Einhebelmischventil mit einem verbesserten kugelventil
HUP0800431A2 (en) * 2008-07-14 2010-04-28 Kerox Ipari Es Kereskedelmi Kf Single-lever mixing faucet operated by turning

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2592062A (en) * 1945-08-21 1952-04-08 Landis H Perry Mixing valve
US3915195A (en) * 1974-05-17 1975-10-28 Masco Corp Single handle water faucet
US4043359A (en) * 1976-05-05 1977-08-23 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Water faucet
US4200123A (en) * 1978-10-10 1980-04-29 Brandelli Anthony R Ball-type faucet
IT1235656B (it) * 1989-07-11 1992-09-18 Galatron Srl Perfezionamenti ai miscelatori a sfera di acqua calda e fredda
IT1232295B (it) * 1989-09-22 1992-01-28 Masco Gmbh Rubinetto mischelatore ad otturatore sferico

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HU9501291D0 (en) 1995-06-28
WO1994013985A1 (en) 1994-06-23
EP0748426A4 (de) 1996-02-09
DE748426T1 (de) 1997-06-26
ES2099045T3 (es) 1998-07-16
CA2149031A1 (en) 1994-06-23
ES2099045T1 (es) 1997-05-16
MX9303335A (es) 1994-06-30
AU674838B2 (en) 1997-01-16
IL107894A (en) 1997-04-15
HUT71590A (en) 1995-12-28
RU2094684C1 (ru) 1997-10-27
FI952843A (fi) 1995-06-09
IL107894A0 (en) 1994-04-12
CA2149031C (en) 1999-10-05
EP0748426A1 (de) 1996-12-18
CN1033404C (zh) 1996-11-27
FI952843A0 (fi) 1995-06-09
AU3277093A (en) 1994-07-04
CN1091185A (zh) 1994-08-24

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