EP0744066A1

EP0744066A1 - A musical instrument provided with a sound board

Info

Publication number: EP0744066A1
Application number: EP95907010A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Cornelis Jacob De Baat, Jr.
Original assignee: BAAT CORNELIS JACOB JR DE
Current assignee: BAAT CORNELIS JACOB JR DE
Priority date: 1994-02-03
Filing date: 1995-02-01
Publication date: 1996-11-27
Also published as: AU1537895A; WO1995021442A1; NL9400169A

Abstract

A musical instrument, in particular a stringed instrument, for example a piano, provided with a sound board (1) for converting vibrations generated in the musical instrument into audible sound, whereby the sound board substantially consists of glass or a similar homogeneous material, preferably hardened glass. The sound board may be fastened with glue in the instrument and possibly be provided with a bridge (4, 5) fastened glued thereon, across which the strings extend.

Description

A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT PROVIDED WITH A SOUND BOARD

The invention relates to a musical instrument, in particular a stringed instrument, provided with a sound board for converting the vibrations generated in the musical instrument into audible sound. Although the invention may be used with a great many kinds of musical instruments, the invention will be described more particularly as used with a piano.

A vibration which is generated in a musical instrument can be converted into audible sound by means of a sound board, as happens in particular with a piano. The sound board is to that end provided with a so-called bridge, against which the strings of the piano are guided. The vibration of the string is transmitted to the sound board via the said bridge, and by properly selecting the materials and shape for the sound board readily audible sound is obtained, and that for every pitch and volume and combinations thereof. Because the sound board is responsible for the sound quality of the instrument, it is a highly critical part of the musical instrument.

For many years sound boards have been made of wood, more particularly specially resonating spruce wood. The quality of the sound board is further improved by providing wooden strips, ribs or spreaders at the rear side. Said strips are glued on in regularly spaced-apart relationship, in such a manner that the grain of said strips extends at a right angle to the grain of the wood of the sound board. In this way the strips assist in evenly dispersing the resonance in all directions. In addition the strips function to reinforce the sound board. In order to ensure an adequate transmission of the vibration via the bridge to the sound board, the strings exert a large force on the bridge, which force is transmitted to the sound board. The wooden strips which are glued on to the sound board provide the sound board with sufficient resistance to withstand the force exerted by the strings. It is usual thereby to make the sound board slightly curved. In order to keep the sound board of a piano in good condition, it is necessary to keep both the temperature and the humidity level in the piano within certain limits. In addition to that the tuning of a piano is dependent on the surrounding atmosphere. A piano tuned in summer will be out of tune in winter. Another drawback of the conventional sound board is that there will always be differences in the material of the sound board (special types of wood) , because the circumstances under which the wood grows cannot be completely controlled. Two sound boards that have been manufactured in exactly the same manner will always exhibit differences between themselves, therefore, which may be expressed in the resonance of the sound board. Additionally the wood from which the sound board has been made will exhibit some ageing, which will in time lead to a change in its characteristics.

The object of the invention is to provide a musical instrument comprising a sound board having characteristics which are completely predictable and which will remain unchanged in the course of time, whereby said characteristics are not dependent on thermal or other atmospheric conditions.

In order to accomplish this objective the musical instrument is according to the invention provided with a sound board which substantially consists of glass or a similar homogeneous material. Preferably the sound board substantially consists of hardened glass. The glass may be reinforced with metal wires. Furthermore the glass may be of a laminated type. Against all expectations and contrary to prevailing views it has become apparent that in practice it is possible to produce a sound board of excellent quality, which substantially consists of glass. A piano having an excellent sound quality may be obtained by utilizing a hardened flat sheet of glass, for example having a thickness of about 10 mm, as the sound board. Even without using any additional measures, such as providing extra strips of material on the sound board or using a curved sheet of glass, a result can be obtained which satisfies high standards.

A conventional piano must be tuned several times after having been been strung, and after that regular tuning is necessary, dependent on its use and the atmospheric conditions. It has become apparent that when hardened glass is utilized the number of times that tuning is necessary can be reduced considerably.

According to another aspect of the invention the sound board can be attached in the musical instrument by means of a glue that will remain elastic, such as silicone adhesive. The degree of elasticity may thereby be influenced by the thickness of the film of glue stock. The sound board may consist of a substantially rectangular sheet of glass, which is attached in the musical instrument along its edges, the sheet of glass may also be glued on to the musical instrument in other places and of course it is also possible to use other forms besides a rectangle, for example when the sound board is used in a grand piano.

According to another aspect of the invention the bridge for transmitting the vibrations to the sound board is glued on to the sound board by means of a glue that will remain elastic. The bridge may be made of wood or a homogeneous material, such as glass. Also in this case the glue may be silicone adhesive, which is preferably used in a very thin film.

The place where the bridge in a piano is connected with the sound board may not be the same as the place where the string is in contact with the bridge, which applies in particular to the strings for the lower tones. Such bridge will be referred to as special bridge. In that case the vibration caused by the string is transmitted parallel to the sound board over some distance by the special bridge. In order to prevent undesirable forces between the special bridge and the sound board thereby, the special bridge rests on the sound board, with the interposition of a supporting element, according to another aspect of the invention, and that at some distance from the place where the special bridge is glued on to the sound board. The supporting element is adjustable for length, as a result of which the supporting force may be adjusted. The supporting element may thereby comprise a vibration-absorbing material, for example a slice of cork which abuts against the glass, so that the transmission of sound vibrations is reduced.

Apart from that it has become apparent that with a sound board of glass the place where the vibration is transmitted to the sound board is less critical than with a sound board of wood. This results in a greater freedom in selecting the location of the bridge on the sound board, which even makes it possible to refrain from using a special bridge.

As already said before the sound board may be made of a flat sheet of glass, it is also possible, however, to use any other shape, for example a curved sheet of glass, as the basis for the sound board, which may take the form of a resonance box in that case. A great many shapes can be readily realized when using glass. Apart from the technical effect the use of a transparent or partially transparent glass sound board also has an aesthetic effect, which gives a piano fitted with such a sound board a very attractive appearance. The use of a glass sound board has made it possible to make the piano at least partially transparent, as a result of which the player of the instrument becomes more visible, whilst also the player himself will get a more extensive view.

Special effects may be obtained thereby, by using a coloured material for the sound board, whether or not in combination with a special illumination thereof. The outward appearance of the piano may be further adapted as desired by means of a nontransparent or semi-transparent coating, which for example results in a black or reflecting surface.

By using a homogeneous material it is very well possible to influence the characteristics of the sound board in a predictable manner, for instance by providing recesses in the sound board. Said recesses may be shaped as circular holes. The recesses may also be located at the edge of the sound board. In connection with the construction of the instrument and in particular in connection with the attachment of the frame within which the strings are tightened, special fastening elements of heavy construction may be present inside the musical instrument. It may be necessary thereby for said fastening elements to be provided at the location of the sound board. The use of a homogeneous material has made it possible to provide a recess at any desired place of the sound board, which recess is dimensioned sufficiently large for the connecting element to extend through said recess without coming into contact with the sound board.

Further aspects of the sound board according to the invention will be explained or referred to in the description of the Figures and/or in the claims.

In order to more fully explain the invention a description of an embodiment of a sound board for a piano will be given with reference to the drawing. A vertical piano has been chosen for this purpose, although the invention may correspondingly be used with a piano having horizontal strings, generally referred to as a grand piano.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the sound board;

Figure 2 is a sectional view along the line II - II in Figure 1;

Figure 3 shows a detail of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a perspective view of a sound board, together with a frame for a piano; and

Figure 5 is a sectional view of the attachment of a frame and a sound board in the frame of a piano.

The Figures illustrate the embodiment merely diagrammatically. Like parts are numbered alike in the various Figures.

Figure 1 shows a sound board for a piano, which sound board substantially consists of a flat sheet of glass 1 having a thickness of for example 10 mm. The sheet of glass may be glued on to the frame of a piano, for example along the entire edge of the sheet of glass. The sheet of glass 1 is at its edge provided with recesses 2 and, spaced from the edge by some distance, with a recess in the shape of a hole 3, which recesses function to attach the frame within which the strings are tightened. This will be explained in more detail hereafter. The sound board, which substantially consists of a sheet of glass 1, is furthermore provided with a bridge 4 and a special bridge 5, which are able to support the strings of the piano in such a manner that the vibrations of the strings can be transmitted to the sheet of glass 1. The bridges 4, 5 may be made of wood or of a different material, a homogeneous material, for example, such as glass. The bridges are glued on to the sheet of glass 1, with a thin film of silicone adhesive, for example, indicated at 6 in Figures 2 and 3.

From Figure 2 it appears that the bridge 4 has a substantially rectangular cross-section. The cross-section of the bridge 5, which is illustrated on a larger scale in Figure 3, is such that the place where the bridge 5 is attached to the sheet of glass 1 (film of adhesive 6) , is not the same as the place where the strings are in contact with the bridge. The purpose of a bridge 5 of this type is to shift the vibrations of the strings over some distance before they are led to the sound board. As is shown in Figure 3 the bridge 5 is supported by a metal supporting element 8, which abuts against the sheet of glass 1 with the interposition of a slice of cork 9. The supporting element 8 consists of two parts, which may be screwed together, so that the length of the supporting element is adjustable. By utilizing a damping material, such as cork, it is prevented that the vibrations are transmitted to the sheet of glass via the supporting element 8.

Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a frame of a piano, together with the sheet of glass 1 and the bridges 4, 5 provided thereon. The frame 10 is made of cast iron and is of very heavy construction, because the strings 11 are tightened within the frame 10 with great force. The embodiment concerns an overstrung piano, that is the strings for the low tones are strung crossways over the strings for the high tones. The strings for the higher tones are in contact with bridge 4, whilst the strings for the lower tones run over bridge 5. The strings thereby exert a force on the bridge which is perpendicular to the sheet of glass 1.

Figure 4 only shows part of the total number of strings, whilst moreover the means for tightening the strings, which are located at the upper sides of the strings, are not s own.

Figure 4 shows the screwed bolts 12, 13 with which the frame is secured to the frame of the piano. The screws 12 extend through the recesses 2 at the edge of the sheet of glass and the bolt 13 extends through the circular recess 3 in the sheet of glass. The recesses 2, 3 in the sheet of- glass a sufficiently large to prevent any contact between the sheet of glass and the fastening means of the frame.

Figure 5 illustrates in more detail the attachment of the frame to the frame of the piano, whereby it can be seen clearly that the sheet of glass 1 does not come into contact with the frame 10. Screws 12 extend along the edge of the sheet of glass 1, whereby the screw 12 is surrounded by a spacer sleeve 14, on which the frame rests. A metal ring 17 is provided between the spacer sleeve 14 and the wooden beam 16 of the frame of the piano, to prevent damaging of the wood of the beam 16 by the spacer sleeve 14 when screw 12 is tightened. The sheet of glass 1 is attached to the wooden beam 16 of the frame of the piano by means of a film of adhesive 15, for example consisting of silicone adhesive.

Bolt 13 extends through recess 3 in the sheet of glass and is likewise provided with a spacer sleeve 14, on which the frame 10 rests. The parts of the frame of the piano shown in Figure 5 consist of a vertical beam 16, which is located at the rear side of the piano, and a metal supporting beam 18 with a tapped hole 18, in which bolt 13 is screwed.

Figure 4 shows a frame 10 which is usual for common pianos. Because the glass sound board makes it possible to make a piano transparent, at least partially so, the frame may thereby be adapted in such a manner, that it occupies less surface area, as a result of which it interferes less with the transparency of the piano.

The embodiment described is merely to be considered as an example, it will be apparent that the invention may be used in a corresponding manner with a great many other musical instruments. It is possible thereby to use a flat sheet of glass, a curved sheet of glass or any other shape of the glass, such as a entirely or partially closes resonance box.

Claims

1. A musical instrument, in particular a stringed instrument, provided with a sound board for converting the vibrations generated in the musical instrument into audible sound, characterized in that said sound board substantially consists of glass or of a similar homogeneous material.

2. A musical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that said sound board substantially consists of hardened glass.

3. A musical instrument according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said sound board is attached in said musical instrument by means of a glue that will remain elastic.

4. A musical instrument according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a bridge for transmitting the vibrations to the sound board is attached to said sound board by means of a glue that will remain elastic.

5. A musical instrument according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said glue is a material on the basis of silicone.

6. A musical instrument according to claim 4, characterized in that said bridge for transmitting the vibrations to the sound board is supported on said sound board at some distance from the place where the bridge is attached to the sound board, with the interposition of a supporting element.

7. A musical instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that said supporting member comprises a vibration-absorbing material, for example a slice of cork, and/or that the length of the supporting means is adjustable.

8. A musical instrument according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said sound board is made of a substantially flat sheet of glass, which is slightly curved under lateral pressure.

9. A musical instrument according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said sound board is made of a curved sheet of glass.

10. A musical instrument according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said sound board is substantially or partially transparent.

11. A musical instrument according to claim 10, characterized in that said sound board is coloured.

12. A musical instrument according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that said sound board is at least partially provided with a nontransparent or semi- transparent coating.

13. A musical instrument according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said sound board is provided with recesses, for example in the shape of circular holes or semi-circular recesses at the edge of the sound board.

14. A musical instrument according to claim 13, characterized in that fastening means extend through said recesses for interconnecting the parts of the musical instrument, whereby the recesses are such that the sound board cannot come into contact with the fastening means.

15. A musical instrument according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said sound board substantially consists of reinforced glass and/or glass of a laminate type.

16. A sound board for a musical instrument, said sound board substantially consisting of glass or a similar homogeneous material.

17. A sound board for a musical instrument according to any one of the claims 1 - 15.

18. A sheet of glass to be used as a sound board according to any one of the preceding claims.