EP0740111B1 - Heating apparatus and control method for a heating apparatus - Google Patents

Heating apparatus and control method for a heating apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0740111B1
EP0740111B1 EP95120753A EP95120753A EP0740111B1 EP 0740111 B1 EP0740111 B1 EP 0740111B1 EP 95120753 A EP95120753 A EP 95120753A EP 95120753 A EP95120753 A EP 95120753A EP 0740111 B1 EP0740111 B1 EP 0740111B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust
burner
gas
exhaust gas
control unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP95120753A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0740111A1 (en
Inventor
Ulrich Besser
Christian Dipl.-Ing. Welte
Franz Dipl.-Ing. Schmuker
Sandra Dipl.-Ing. Cordes
Arno Dipl.-Ing. Boettcher
Manfred Dipl.-Ing. Hosch
Matthias Schmidl
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00Details
    • F24H9/0005Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/0036Dispositions against condensation of combustion products
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/022Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using electronic means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00Measuring
    • F23N2225/08Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/10Measuring temperature stack temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00Measuring
    • F23N2225/08Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/12Measuring temperature room temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00Measuring
    • F23N2225/26Measuring humidity

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a control method a heater according to the type of the main claim, and from a heater to perform the procedure.
  • Heat exchangers are known from EP 0 184 612 B2 provided with a special protective layer and thus against the acid generator contained in the condensate of the exhaust gases are stable.
  • chimneys as exhaust gas routing offers the possibility of glazing fireclay inner tubes, flexible or rigid stainless steel tubes or too Insert plastic pipes so the chimneys are insensitive to exhaust gas condensate.
  • the control method according to the invention with the features of Claim 1 has the advantage that if necessary intended increase in burner output Condensate formation in the exhaust system with minimal Use of energy is prevented.
  • the dependence of the burner output setpoints on the by a temperature sensor arranged in the exhaust gas path recorded exhaust gas temperatures and from the exhaust gas routing is in advantageously by in a control unit stored characteristic curve determined. This ensures that during operation of the heater at any exhaust gas temperature a necessary according to the avoidance of condensate Burner output setpoint as the lower limit of the Burner capacity control range can be assigned.
  • the characteristic curve is represented by a pre-selectable potentiometer connected to the control unit is.
  • the burner output is the same as the one selected Characteristic curve determined burner output setpoints corrected. Because these burner output setpoints are larger as the originally set burner output, the corrected burner output in an advantageous manner a shorter on-time and / or longer off-time balanced the burner. This ensures that Heater does not deliver more heating energy than corresponding the heat requirement is necessary.
  • FIG. 1 shows the schematically shown Heater according to the invention for performing the control method according to the invention and FIG. 2 Characteristic field in a burner output / flue gas temperature diagram.
  • the heater shown schematically in Fig. 1
  • the heater has a burner 10.
  • One in one Heating water circuit with a flow 12 and a return 14 arranged heat exchanger 16 is called hot Combustion gases acted on by the burner 10.
  • the heating water circuit can be used by consumers e.g. in form of Heating system with space heaters, which in the form of radiant heat transfers the heating energy to the Give environment, or systems for Industrial water supply, for example with the Heating system can be combined.
  • An exhaust gas duct 18 is located above the heat exchanger 16 arranged, which are the exhaust gases generated during combustion dissipates to the outside environment. Via a coaxial to Exhaust gas duct 18 arranged line 20 can in the case of the burner 10 Combustion air can be supplied. Depending on the The amount of heat demand becomes the output of the burner 10 preferably continuously regulated between 60% and 100%.
  • Control procedure is the minimum necessary exhaust gas temperature determined to the exhaust gas temperature in the course of the exhaust system 18 to hold above the dew point. This was done in Laboratory tests the minimum necessary exhaust gas temperature immediately at the entry of the exhaust gases into the exhaust gas guide 18 determines that no condensate in the entire exhaust system 18th originated.
  • the minimum necessary exhaust gas temperature depends on this essentially of the length and diameter of the Exhaust duct 18 and the heat transfer between Exhaust duct 18 and the coaxially arranged line 20th for the supply of combustion air. A long Exhaust duct 18 requires a higher minimum necessary Exhaust gas temperature as a short exhaust gas duct 18.
  • Control procedure is carried out with the help of an above Heat exchanger 16, at the entrance of the exhaust gas duct 18 arranged temperature sensor 24, the exhaust gas temperature determined and in one with the temperature sensor 24th connected control unit 22 evaluated. Is the value of the measured exhaust gas temperature below the minimum necessary Exhaust gas temperature, so the according to Burner output set to heat demand increased. A The burner output is corrected until the the minimum necessary exhaust gas temperature has been reached.
  • burner output setpoints as the lower limit for the burner output control range Are defined. For example, with one measured exhaust gas temperature of 60 ° C a larger Burner output setpoint necessary to a minimum necessary exhaust gas temperature of, for example, 120 ° C reach than at a currently measured exhaust gas temperature of 90 ° C.
  • the Temperature sensor 24 detected exhaust gas temperatures with the compared the minimum necessary exhaust gas temperature. Is that measured exhaust gas temperature below the minimum necessary Exhaust gas temperature, it is according to the Set burner output actual value by means of heat request the burner output setpoint at the corresponding one Exhaust temperature replaced. This ensures that the Exhaust gas temperature not below the dew point during heating of the exhaust gas falls and the exhaust duct 18 is free of Exhaust condensate remains.
  • the assignment of the burner output setpoints to the Exhaust gas temperatures is a characteristic curve in the control unit 22 filed.
  • the characteristic curve is as shown in FIG. 2, decreasing with increasing exhaust gas temperatures, i.e. there are with increasing burner temperature lower burner output setpoints as the lower limit of the burner output control range possible.
  • the control method according to the invention activated.
  • Corresponding one by the control unit 22 in cooperation with a Outside temperature sensor determined setpoint for the The heater starts the flow temperature of the heating water Heat the heating water up to the setpoint.
  • the Heat demand is the heating output or the Burner output set between 60% and 100%. Is that measured exhaust gas temperature below the minimum necessary Exhaust gas temperature, the actual burner output value is determined by the burner output setpoint according to the characteristic in Control unit 22 corrected or raised.
  • these parameters are dependent different burner output setpoints as lower Limit for the burner output control range for one condensate-free exhaust gas routing 18 necessary. That is why for different minimum necessary exhaust gas temperatures different characteristics stored in the control unit 22, the are shown in dashed lines in Fig. 2.
  • Exhaust gas guide 18 can be a function of exhaust gas guide 18 selected between the characteristics shown in FIG. 2 become.
  • Characteristic 1 is the lower adjustable characteristic in heating systems with a short exhaust system 18 and one low value for the heat transfer between the Exhaust duct 18 and line 20 for the supply of Combustion air selected, while curve 5 as the upper adjustable characteristic with a long exhaust system 18 and a high value for the heat transfer between the Exhaust duct 18 and line 20 for the supply of Combustion air is selected. Between these two Characteristic curves are corresponding fine-tuning with regard to Length of the exhaust duct 18 and the heat transfer through the Characteristic curves 2,3 and 4 possible.
  • the setting of those necessary for exhaust gas routing Characteristic curve is made by a potentiometer 26.
  • This is connected to the control unit potentiometer 26 so Heater attached that the operator or the Installer of the heating system without any disassembly of the Heater can make the appropriate setting.
  • the heating energy supply may be greater than that originally required according to the heat requirement.
  • the higher burner output delivered correct that the heating energy supply actually corresponds to the required amount of heat will be shorter Switch-on phases and / or longer switch-off phases of the Burner 10 set by the control unit 22.
  • the Switching hysteresis in a two-point control can be how already in DE 39 07 955A described, optimized.
  • the exhaust duct 18 determines, i.e. the temperature sensor 24 is arranged inside the heater. of course is it is also possible to use a temperature sensor 24 ' the exhaust gas temperature at the end of the exhaust gas duct 18 determine. This makes the determination of the minimal necessary exhaust gas temperature regardless of the length of the Exhaust gas routing 18. Bring the temperature sensor 24 'to Measurement of the wall temperature at the end of the inner wall of the Exhaust gas guide 18, so will be different Thermal transitions also taken into account. Both points taken together, i.e.
  • the application of the standard procedure is not restricted on a heater according to the embodiment, but can be used wherever with one conventional control method to an exhaust gas duct connected heater is operated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Verfahren zur Regelung eines Heizgeräts nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs, sowie von einem Heizgerät zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention is based on a control method a heater according to the type of the main claim, and from a heater to perform the procedure.

Es ist allgemein bekannt, daß beim Betreiben von Heizgeräten, insbesondere im Teillastbereich, der Taupunkt des Wasserdampfes von bei der Verbrennung entstehenden Abgasen unterschritten werden kann, so daß Kondensat ausfällt. Bedingt durch die im Kondensat enthaltenen Säurebildner NOx, SO2 und CO2 müssen vor allem die Abgas führung und der Wärmeübertrager der Heizgeräte korrosionsbeständig sein.It is generally known that when operating heaters, in particular in the partial load range, the dew point of the water vapor from the exhaust gases produced during combustion can be fallen short of, so that condensate fails. Due to the acid generators contained in the condensate NO x , SO 2 and CO 2 , the exhaust gas routing and the heat exchanger of the heaters must be corrosion-resistant.

So sind aus der EP 0 184 612 B2 Wärmeübertrager bekannt, die mit einer speziellen Schutzschicht versehen und damit gegen die im Kondensat der Abgase enthaltenen Säurebildner beständig sind. Bei Schornsteinen als Abgasführung bietet sich die Möglichkeit, Schamotteinnenrohre mit Glasierung, flexible oder starre Edelstahlrohre oder auch Kunststoffrohre einzusetzen, damit die Schornsteine gegenüber Abgaskondensat unempfindlich sind.Heat exchangers are known from EP 0 184 612 B2 provided with a special protective layer and thus against the acid generator contained in the condensate of the exhaust gases are stable. With chimneys as exhaust gas routing offers the possibility of glazing fireclay inner tubes, flexible or rigid stainless steel tubes or too Insert plastic pipes so the chimneys are insensitive to exhaust gas condensate.

Möchte man auf derartige Schutzmaßnahmen verzichten, so kann, wie in der gattungsgemäßen Druckschrift AT-B-397 714 vorgeschlagen, über einen in der Abgasführung angeordneten Temperaturfühler die Abgastemperatur bestimmt werden und bei der Unterschreitung eines vorher ermittelten Grenzwertes, die entsprechend der Wärmeanforderung eingestellte Brennerleistung zur Vermeidung der Kondensatbildung angehoben werden. If you want to do without such protective measures, then can, as in the generic document AT-B-397 714 proposed via a arranged in the exhaust system Temperature sensors determine the exhaust gas temperature and at falling below a previously determined limit value, the set according to the heat requirement Burner output to avoid condensation be raised.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Regelverfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 hat den Vorteil, daß durch die im Bedarfsfall vorgesehene Anhebung der Brennerleistung eine Kondensatbildung in der Abgasführung mit minimalem Energieeinsatz verhindert wird.The control method according to the invention with the features of Claim 1 has the advantage that if necessary intended increase in burner output Condensate formation in the exhaust system with minimal Use of energy is prevented.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des Regelverfahrens möglich.By the measures listed in the subclaims advantageous developments of the control method are possible.

Liegt die entsprechend der Wärmeanforderung eingestellte Brennerleistung unterhalb des ermittelten Brennerleistungs-Sollwert zum Erreichen der minimal notwendigen Abgastemperatur, so wird die Brennerleistung auf den vorher bestimmten Brennerleistungs-Sollwert angehoben. Durch diese Maßnahme ist erreicht, daß gängige Regelverfahren, wie z.B. witterungsgeführte oder raumgeführte Regelungen weiterhin uneingeschränkt eingesetzt werden können und lediglich durch die Anhebung der unteren Regelgrenze für die Brennerleistung die Kondensatvermeidung erreicht wird.Is the set according to the heat requirement Burner output below the determined burner output setpoint to achieve the minimum necessary Exhaust gas temperature, the burner output is the same as before certain burner output setpoint raised. Through this Measure is achieved that common control procedures, such as weather-based or room-based regulations continue can be used without restriction and only by raising the lower control limit for burner output the avoidance of condensate is achieved.

Die Abhängigkeit der Brennerleistungs-Sollwerte von den durch einen im Abgasweg angeordneten Temperaturmeßfühler erfaßten Abgastemperaturen und von der Abgasführung wird in vorteilhafter Weise durch eine in einem Steuergerät abgelegte Kennlinie bestimmt. Damit wird erreicht, daß während des Betriebs des Heizgeräts jeder Abgastemperatur ein entsprechend der Vermeidung von Kondensat notwendiger Brennerleistungs-Sollwert als untere Grenze des Brennerleistungs-Regelbereichs zuordenbar wird.The dependence of the burner output setpoints on the by a temperature sensor arranged in the exhaust gas path recorded exhaust gas temperatures and from the exhaust gas routing is in advantageously by in a control unit stored characteristic curve determined. This ensures that during operation of the heater at any exhaust gas temperature a necessary according to the avoidance of condensate Burner output setpoint as the lower limit of the Burner capacity control range can be assigned.

Da die Kondensatbildung des Abgases auch von der Abgasführung abhängig ist, sind bei verschiedenen Abgas führungen unterschiedliche Abgastemperaturen notwendig. Zum Beispiel erfordert eine Abgasführung mit einem langen Abgasrohr höhere Brennerleistungs-Sollwerte zur Kondensatvermeidung im Abgasrohr als eine Abgas führung mit einem kurzen Abgasrohr. Deshalb sind bei unterschiedlichen notwendigen Abgastemperaturen auf Grund unterschiedlicher Abgasführungen unterschiedliche Kennlinien im Steuergerät abgelegt. Entsprechend der eingesetzten Abgasführung kann die notwendige Kennlinie zur Kondensatvermeidung am Heizgerät oder am Steuergerät eingestellt werden. Damit wird in vorteilhafter Weise erreicht, daß das erfindungsgemäße Regelverfahren auch bei Heizanlagen mit unterschiedlichen Abgasführungen universell eingesetzt werden kann und insbesondere bei der Montage am Einsatzort an die dort vorhandene Abgasführung sehr einfach anpaßbar ist.Since the condensate formation of the exhaust gas from the Exhaust gas routing is dependent on different Exhaust gas ducts require different exhaust gas temperatures. For example, an exhaust gas duct requires a long one Exhaust pipe higher burner output setpoints for Avoiding condensate in the exhaust pipe as an exhaust gas duct a short exhaust pipe. That is why they are different necessary exhaust gas temperatures due to different Exhaust gas routing different characteristics in the control unit filed. Depending on the exhaust gas routing used the necessary characteristic to avoid condensate on Heater or on the control unit. So that will achieved in an advantageous manner that the invention Control procedures also for heating systems with different Exhaust gas ducts can be used universally and especially when assembling on site to those there Existing exhaust gas routing is very easy to adapt.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Kennlinie durch ein mit dem Steuergerät verbundenes Potentiometer vorwählbar ist.It is particularly advantageous if the characteristic curve is represented by a pre-selectable potentiometer connected to the control unit is.

Bei Unterschreiten der minimal notwendigen Abgastemperatur wird die Brennerleistung mit den aus der vorgewählten Kennlinie ermittelten Brennerleistungs-Sollwerten korrigiert. Da diese Brennerleistungs-Sollwerte größer sind als die ursprünglich eingestellte Brennerleistung wird die korrigierte Brennerleistung in vorteilhafter Weise durch eine kürzere Einschaltdauer und/oder längere Ausschaltdauer des Brenners ausgeglichen. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß das Heizgerät nicht mehr Heizenergie abgibt, als entsprechend der Wärmeanforderung notwendig ist.If the exhaust gas temperature falls below the minimum required the burner output is the same as the one selected Characteristic curve determined burner output setpoints corrected. Because these burner output setpoints are larger as the originally set burner output, the corrected burner output in an advantageous manner a shorter on-time and / or longer off-time balanced the burner. This ensures that Heater does not deliver more heating energy than corresponding the heat requirement is necessary.

Damit auf einfache Art und Weise unterschiedliche Kennlinien für die Brennerleistungs-Sollwerte eingestellt werden können, ist ein mit dem Steuergerät verbundenes Potentiometer vorgesehen. Different characteristics in a simple way for the burner output setpoints is connected to the control unit Potentiometer provided.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen Fig. 1 das schematisch dargestellte erfindungsgemäße Heizgerät zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Regelverfahrens und Fig. 2 ein Kennlinienfeld in einem Brennerleistungs/Abgastemperatur-Diagramm.An embodiment of the invention is in the drawing shown and in the following description explained. 1 shows the schematically shown Heater according to the invention for performing the control method according to the invention and FIG. 2 Characteristic field in a burner output / flue gas temperature diagram.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

Das in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellte erfindungsgemäße Heizgerät weist einen Brenner 10 auf. Ein in einem Heizwasserkreislauf mit einem Vorlauf 12 und einem Rücklauf 14 angeordneter Wärmeübertrager 16 wird mit heißen Verbrennungsgasen vom Brenner 10 beaufschlagt. An den Heizwasserkreislauf können Verbraucher z.B. in Form eines Heizungssystems mit Raumheizkörpern angeschlossen werden, die in Form von Strahlungswärme die Heizenergie an die Umgebung abgeben, oder auch Systeme zur Brauchwasserversorgung, die beispielsweise mit dem Heizungssystem kombiniert werden.The invention shown schematically in Fig. 1 The heater has a burner 10. One in one Heating water circuit with a flow 12 and a return 14 arranged heat exchanger 16 is called hot Combustion gases acted on by the burner 10. To the The heating water circuit can be used by consumers e.g. in form of Heating system with space heaters, which in the form of radiant heat transfers the heating energy to the Give environment, or systems for Industrial water supply, for example with the Heating system can be combined.

Oberhalb des Wärmeübertragers 16 ist eine Abgasführung 18 angeordnet, die die bei der Verbrennung entstehenden Abgase an die Außenumgebung abführt. Über eine koaxial zur Abgasführung 18 angeordnete Leitung 20 kann im Fall des raumluftunabhängig arbeitenden Heizgeräts dem Brenner 10 Verbrennungsluft zugeführt werden. In Abhängigkeit von der Höhe der Wärmeanforderung wird die Leistung des Brenners 10 vorzugsweise zwischen 60% und 100% stetig geregelt.An exhaust gas duct 18 is located above the heat exchanger 16 arranged, which are the exhaust gases generated during combustion dissipates to the outside environment. Via a coaxial to Exhaust gas duct 18 arranged line 20 can in the case of the burner 10 Combustion air can be supplied. Depending on the The amount of heat demand becomes the output of the burner 10 preferably continuously regulated between 60% and 100%.

Es ist bekannt, daß beim Unterschreiten des Taupunktes der Abgastemperatur Kondensat in der Abgasführung 18 entsteht. Die Abgastemperatur ist dabei im wesentlichen abhängig von der Vorlauftemperatur des Heizwassers und der entsprechend der Wärmeanforderung eingestellten Brennerleistung sowie von der Länge und der Art der Abgasführung 18.It is known that when the dew point falls below the Exhaust gas temperature condensate in the exhaust duct 18 is formed. The exhaust gas temperature is essentially dependent on the flow temperature of the heating water and the corresponding the heat demand set burner output as well as the length and type of exhaust gas routing 18.

In einem ersten Schritt des erfindungsgemäßen Regelverfahrens wird die minimal notwendige Abgastemperatur bestimmt, um die Abgastemperatur im Verlauf der Abgasführung 18 oberhalb des Taupunktes zu halten. Dazu wurde in Laborversuchen die minimal notwendige Abgastemperatur unmittelbar am Eintritt der Abgase in die Abgasführung 18 so bestimmt, daß kein Kondensat in der gesamten Abgasführung 18 entstand. Dabei hängt die minimal notwendige Abgastemperatur im wesentlichen von der Länge und vom Durchmesser der Abgas führung 18 sowie vom Wärmedurchgang zwischen Abgas führung 18 und der koaxial dazu angeordneten Leitung 20 für die Zufuhr der Verbrennungsluft ab. Eine lange Abgas führung 18 erfordert eine höhere minimal notwendige Abgastemperatur als eine kurze Abgasführung 18.In a first step of the invention Control procedure is the minimum necessary exhaust gas temperature determined to the exhaust gas temperature in the course of the exhaust system 18 to hold above the dew point. This was done in Laboratory tests the minimum necessary exhaust gas temperature immediately at the entry of the exhaust gases into the exhaust gas guide 18 determines that no condensate in the entire exhaust system 18th originated. The minimum necessary exhaust gas temperature depends on this essentially of the length and diameter of the Exhaust duct 18 and the heat transfer between Exhaust duct 18 and the coaxially arranged line 20th for the supply of combustion air. A long Exhaust duct 18 requires a higher minimum necessary Exhaust gas temperature as a short exhaust gas duct 18.

In einem zweiten Schritt des erfindungsgemäßen Regelverfahrens wird mit Hilfe eines oberhalb des Wärmeübertragers 16, am Eingang der Abgasführung 18 angeordneten Temperaturmeßfühlers 24 die Abgastemperatur bestimmt und in einem mit dem Temperaturmeßfühler 24 verbundenen Steuergerät 22 ausgewertet. Liegt der Wert der gemessenen Abgastemperatur unterhalb der minimal notwendigen Abgastemperatur, so wird die entsprechend der Wärmeanforderung eingestellte Brennerleistung erhöht. Eine Korrektur der Brennerleistung erfolgt solange, bis die minimal notwendige Abgastemperatur erreicht ist.In a second step of the invention Control procedure is carried out with the help of an above Heat exchanger 16, at the entrance of the exhaust gas duct 18 arranged temperature sensor 24, the exhaust gas temperature determined and in one with the temperature sensor 24th connected control unit 22 evaluated. Is the value of the measured exhaust gas temperature below the minimum necessary Exhaust gas temperature, so the according to Burner output set to heat demand increased. A The burner output is corrected until the the minimum necessary exhaust gas temperature has been reached.

Um die Korrektur bzw. die Erhöhung der Brennerleistung aufgrund der gemessenen Abgastemperatur zu regeln, ist vorgesehen, daß die Brennerleistung in Abhängigkeit von der Abweichung der gemessenen Abgastemperatur zur minimal notwendigen Abgastemperatur korrigiert wird. Deshalb werden bei den verschiedenen Abgastemperaturen Brennerleistungs-Sollwerte als untere Grenze für den BrennerleistungsRegelbereich definiert. So ist beispielsweise bei einer gemessenen Abgastemperatur von 60 °C ein größerer Brennerleistungs-Sollwert notwendig, um eine minimal notwendige Abgastemperatur von beispielsweise 120 °C zu erreichen, als bei einer momentan gemessenen Abgastemperatur von 90 °C.To correct or increase the burner output to be regulated based on the measured exhaust gas temperature provided that the burner output depending on the Deviation of the measured exhaust gas temperature to the minimum necessary exhaust gas temperature is corrected. Therefore be at the various flue gas temperatures, burner output setpoints as the lower limit for the burner output control range Are defined. For example, with one measured exhaust gas temperature of 60 ° C a larger Burner output setpoint necessary to a minimum necessary exhaust gas temperature of, for example, 120 ° C reach than at a currently measured exhaust gas temperature of 90 ° C.

Während des Heizvorgangs werden die durch den Temperaturmeßfühler 24 erfaßten Abgastemperaturen mit der minimal notwendigen Abgastemperatur verglichen. Liegt die gemessene Abgastemperatur unter der minimal notwendigen Abgastemperatur, so wird der entsprechend der Wärmeanforderung eingestellte Brennerleistungs-Istwert durch den Brennerleistungs-Sollwert bei der entsprechenden Abgastemperatur ersetzt. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß die Abgastemperatur während des Heizens nicht unter den Taupunkt des Abgases fällt und die Abgasführung 18 frei von Abgaskondensat bleibt.During the heating process, the Temperature sensor 24 detected exhaust gas temperatures with the compared the minimum necessary exhaust gas temperature. Is that measured exhaust gas temperature below the minimum necessary Exhaust gas temperature, it is according to the Set burner output actual value by means of heat request the burner output setpoint at the corresponding one Exhaust temperature replaced. This ensures that the Exhaust gas temperature not below the dew point during heating of the exhaust gas falls and the exhaust duct 18 is free of Exhaust condensate remains.

Die Zuordnung der Brennerleistungs-Sollwerte zu den Abgastemperaturen wird als Kennlinie im Steuergerät 22 abgelegt. Dabei ist die Kennlinie wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt, mit steigenden Abgastemperaturen fallend, d.h. es sind mit steigender Abgastemperatur kleinere Brennerleistungs-Sollwerte als untere Grenze des Brennerleistungs-Regelbereichs möglich. Wird das Heizgerät eingeschaltet und liegt eine Wärmeanforderung am Steuergerät 22 an, so wird das erfindungsgemäße Regelverfahren aktiviert. Entsprechend einem durch das Steuergerät 22 im Zusammenwirken mit einem Außentemperaturmeßfühler ermittelten Sollwert für die Vorlauftemperatur des Heizwassers beginnt das Heizgerät das Heizwasser bis zum Sollwert zu erhitzen. Entsprechend der Wärmeanforderung wird die Heizleistung bzw. die Brennerleistung zwischen 60% und 100% eingestellt. Liegt die gemessene Abgastemperatur unter der minimal notwendigen Abgastemperatur, so wird der Brennerleistungs-Istwert durch den Brennerleistungs-Sollwert entsprechend der Kennlinie im Steuergerät 22 korrigiert bzw. angehoben.The assignment of the burner output setpoints to the Exhaust gas temperatures is a characteristic curve in the control unit 22 filed. The characteristic curve is as shown in FIG. 2, decreasing with increasing exhaust gas temperatures, i.e. there are with increasing burner temperature lower burner output setpoints as the lower limit of the burner output control range possible. If the heater is switched on and if there is a heat request on the control unit 22, then the control method according to the invention activated. Corresponding one by the control unit 22 in cooperation with a Outside temperature sensor determined setpoint for the The heater starts the flow temperature of the heating water Heat the heating water up to the setpoint. According to the Heat demand is the heating output or the Burner output set between 60% and 100%. Is that measured exhaust gas temperature below the minimum necessary Exhaust gas temperature, the actual burner output value is determined by the burner output setpoint according to the characteristic in Control unit 22 corrected or raised.

Da die Kondensatbildung des Abgases von der Abgasführung 18 abhängig ist, sind bei verschiedenen Abgasführungen 18 unterschiedliche minimale Abgastemperaturen notwendig. Um das erfindungsgemäße Regelverfahren auch bei unterschiedlichen Abgasführungen 18 universell einsetzen zu können, wurden in Laborversuchen bei verschiedenen Abgasführungen 18 die minimal notwendige Abgastemperatur bestimmt. Bei einer geringen Abgasabkühlung durch eine kurze Abgasführung 18 und/oder einen geringen Wärmedurchgang zwischen Abgasführung 18 und der Leitung 20 für die Verbrennungsluftzufuhr sind kleinere minimale Abgastemperaturen notwendig, als bei einer hohen Abgasabkühlung durch eine lange Abgasführung 18 und/oder hohen Wärmedurchgang zwischen Abgasführung 18 und der Leitung 20 für die Verbrennungsluftzufuhr. Der Wärmedurchgang ist dabei abhängig von der Isolation des Bereichs um die Leitung 20 für die Verbrennungsluftzufuhr. Demzufolge sind in Abhängigkeit dieser Parameter unterschiedliche Brennerleistungs-Sollwerte als untere Grenze für den Brennerleistungs-Regelbereich für eine kondensatfreie Abgasführung 18 notwendig. Deshalb sind für unterschiedliche minimal notwendige Abgastemperaturen unterschiedliche Kennlinien im Steuergerät 22 abgelegt, die in Fig. 2 gestrichelt dargestellt sind.Since the formation of condensate of the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas guide 18 is dependent on different exhaust gas routings 18 different minimum exhaust gas temperatures necessary. Around the control method according to the invention also use different exhaust gas ducts 18 universally have been tested in various experiments in the laboratory Exhaust gas guides 18 the minimum necessary exhaust gas temperature certainly. With a low exhaust gas cooling by a short Exhaust duct 18 and / or a low heat transfer between exhaust duct 18 and line 20 for the Combustion air supplies are smaller minimum Exhaust gas temperatures necessary than at a high Exhaust cooling by a long exhaust duct 18 and / or high heat transfer between the exhaust system 18 and the Line 20 for the combustion air supply. Of the Heat transfer depends on the insulation of the Area around the line 20 for the combustion air supply. Accordingly, these parameters are dependent different burner output setpoints as lower Limit for the burner output control range for one condensate-free exhaust gas routing 18 necessary. That is why for different minimum necessary exhaust gas temperatures different characteristics stored in the control unit 22, the are shown in dashed lines in Fig. 2.

Bei einer Neuinstallation einer gesamten Heizanlage, z.B. bei Neubau eines Hauses oder bei der Installation des erfindungsgemäßen Heizgeräts an eine bereits bestehende Abgasführung 18 kann in Abhängigkeit von der Abgasführung 18 zwischen den in Fig. 2 dargestellten Kennlinien ausgewählt werden. Kennlinie 1 als untere einstellbare Kennlinie wird bei Heizanlagen mit einer kurzen Abgasführung 18 und einem niedrigen Wert für den Wärmedurchgang zwischen der Abgasführung 18 und der Leitung 20 für die Zufuhr der Verbrennungsluft gewählt, während Kennlinie 5 als obere einstellbare Kennlinie bei einer langen Abgasführung 18 und einem hohen Wert für den Wärmedurchgang zwischen der Abgasführung 18 und der Leitung 20 für die Zufuhr der Verbrennungsluft gewählt wird. Zwischen diesen beiden Kennlinien sind entsprechende Feinabstimmungen bzgl. der Länge der Abgasführung 18 und dem Wärmedurchgang durch die Kennlinien 2,3 und 4 möglich.When installing an entire heating system, e.g. when building a new house or installing the heater according to the invention to an existing one Exhaust gas guide 18 can be a function of exhaust gas guide 18 selected between the characteristics shown in FIG. 2 become. Characteristic 1 is the lower adjustable characteristic in heating systems with a short exhaust system 18 and one low value for the heat transfer between the Exhaust duct 18 and line 20 for the supply of Combustion air selected, while curve 5 as the upper adjustable characteristic with a long exhaust system 18 and a high value for the heat transfer between the Exhaust duct 18 and line 20 for the supply of Combustion air is selected. Between these two Characteristic curves are corresponding fine-tuning with regard to Length of the exhaust duct 18 and the heat transfer through the Characteristic curves 2,3 and 4 possible.

Die Entscheidung, welche Kennlinie gewählt wird, beruht dann auf Erfahrungswerten des Heizungsinstallateurs bzw. auf Messungen der minimal notwendigen Abgastemperatur im Vorfeld.The decision as to which characteristic curve is chosen is then based on experience of the heating installer or on Measurements of the minimum necessary exhaust gas temperature in the Apron.

Die Einstellung der für die Abgasführung notwendigen Kennlinie erfolgt durch ein Potentiometer 26. Dabei ist das mit dem Steuergerät verbundene Potentiometer 26 so am Heizgerät angebracht, daß der Betreiber bzw. der Installateur der Heizungsanlage ohne jegliche Demontage des Heizgeräts die entsprechende Einstellung vornehmen kann. Bei einer Korrektur der Brennerleistung aufgrund des erfindungsgemäßen Regelverfahrens würde bei einer Beibehaltung der Einschaltdauer bzw. der Auschaltdauer des Brenners 10 die Heizenergiezufuhr größer sein, als die ursprünglich entsprechend der Wärmeanforderung geforderte. Um diese abgegebene höhere Brennerleistung dahingehend zu korrigieren, daß die Heizenergiezufuhr der tatsächlich benötigten Wärmemenge entspricht, werden kürzere Einschaltphasen und/oder längere Ausschaltphasen des Brenners 10 durch das Steuergerät 22 eingestellt. Die Schalthysterese bei einer Zweipunktregelung kann dabei, wie bereits in DE 39 07 955A beschrieben, optimiert werden.The setting of those necessary for exhaust gas routing Characteristic curve is made by a potentiometer 26. This is connected to the control unit potentiometer 26 so Heater attached that the operator or the Installer of the heating system without any disassembly of the Heater can make the appropriate setting. When correcting the burner output due to the control method according to the invention would with a Maintaining the on / off time of the Burner 10 the heating energy supply may be greater than that originally required according to the heat requirement. To this effect, the higher burner output delivered correct that the heating energy supply actually corresponds to the required amount of heat, will be shorter Switch-on phases and / or longer switch-off phases of the Burner 10 set by the control unit 22. The Switching hysteresis in a two-point control can be how already in DE 39 07 955A described, optimized.

Aus Gründen der Bauteileintegration und zur Vermeidung einer aufwendigen Verkabelung wird die Abgastemperatur am Eingang der Abgasführung 18 bestimmt, d.h. der Temperaturmeßfühler 24 ist innerhalb des Heizgerätes angeordnet. Natürlich ist es auch möglich, mit Hilfe eines Temperaturmeßfühlers 24' die Abgastemperatur am Ende der Abgasführung 18 zu bestimmen. Dadurch ist die Bestimmung der minimal notwendigen Abgastemperatur unabhängig von der Länge der Abgasführung 18. Bringt man den Temperaturmeßfühler 24' -zur Messung der Wandtemperatur- am Ende der Innenwand der Abgasführung 18 an, so werden auch unterschiedliche Wärmedurchgänge mitberücksichtigt. Beide Punkte zusammengenommen, d.h. die Anordnung des Temperaturmeßfühlers 24' am Ende der Abgasführung 18 und die Befestigung an der Innenwand der Abgasführung 18 führen zu dem Ergebnis, daß nur eine Kennlinie zur Bestimmung der Brennerleistungs-Sollwerte als untere Grenze für den Brennerleistungsregelbereich notwendig ist; allerdings unter Berücksichtigung eines größeren Verkabelungsaufwandes.For reasons of component integration and to avoid a The exhaust gas temperature at the entrance becomes complex wiring the exhaust duct 18 determines, i.e. the temperature sensor 24 is arranged inside the heater. of course is it is also possible to use a temperature sensor 24 ' the exhaust gas temperature at the end of the exhaust gas duct 18 determine. This makes the determination of the minimal necessary exhaust gas temperature regardless of the length of the Exhaust gas routing 18. Bring the temperature sensor 24 'to Measurement of the wall temperature at the end of the inner wall of the Exhaust gas guide 18, so will be different Thermal transitions also taken into account. Both points taken together, i.e. the arrangement of the Temperature sensor 24 'at the end of the exhaust duct 18 and the Attachment to the inner wall of the exhaust duct 18 lead to the result that only one characteristic curve for determining the Burner output setpoints as the lower limit for the Burner capacity control range is necessary; however under Consideration of a larger wiring effort.

Die Anwendung des Regelverfahrens ist nicht eingeschränkt auf ein Heizgerät entsprechend dem Ausführungsbeispiel, sondern überall dort einsetzbar, wo mit einem konventionellen Regelverfahren ein an eine Abgasführung angeschlossenes Heizgerät betrieben wird.The application of the standard procedure is not restricted on a heater according to the embodiment, but can be used wherever with one conventional control method to an exhaust gas duct connected heater is operated.

Claims (7)

  1. Method for regulating a heating appliance, in particular a gas-operated or oil-operated heating appliance, having a burner, exhaust-gas ducting and a control unit, by means of which the power of the heating appliance can be regulated as a function of the heat requirement, and having a sensor for detecting the exhaust-gas temperature, in which method, in order to avoid the formation of condensate in the exhaust-gas ducting, the burner power is increased when the measured exhaust-gas temperature is below a minimum necessary exhaust-gas temperature which is required in order to keep the exhaust-gas temperature along the exhaust-gas ducting above the dew point, characterized in that, with regard to raising the burner power in order to avoid the formation of condensate, the actual regulating method is preceded by the following steps:
    determination of burner-power desired values for reaching the minimum necessary exhaust-gas temperature in the case of varying deviations of the measured exhaust-gas temperature from the minimum necessary exhaust-gas temperature,
    use of the determined burner-power desired values as the lower limit for the burner-power regulating range.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the burner-power desired values, in conjunction with the associated exhaust-gas temperatures, are stored as a characteristic line or characteristic lines in the control unit (22).
  3. Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that different characteristic lines are stored in the control unit (22) for different necessary exhaust-gas temperatures.
  4. Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that the characteristic line necessary for the respective exhaust-gas ducting (18) can be set on the heating appliance or on the control unit (22).
  5. Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the different characteristic lines can be set by means of a potentiometer (26) connected to the control unit (22).
  6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the corrected burner power is compensated by means of a shorter switch-on time and/or a longer switch-off time of the burner (10).
  7. Heating appliance having a gas-operated or oil-operated burner, exhaust-gas ducting and a control unit, by means of which the power of the heating appliance can be regulated as a function of the heat requirement and as a function of the temperature in the exhaust-gas ducting, at least one temperature-measuring sensor (24, 24') being arranged in the exhaust-gas ducting (18) of the heating appliance, for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a potentiometer (26) which is connected to the control unit (22) and by means of which different characteristic lines for burner-power desired values for reaching minimum necessary exhaust-gas temperatures can be selected (Figure 2).
EP95120753A 1995-04-28 1995-12-30 Heating apparatus and control method for a heating apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP0740111B1 (en)

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DE19515656A DE19515656A1 (en) 1995-04-28 1995-04-28 Heater and method for controlling a heater
DE19515656 1995-04-28

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EP0740111B1 true EP0740111B1 (en) 1999-06-02

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WO1999020947A1 (en) 1997-10-16 1999-04-29 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Catalytic combustion heater
DE19941700C1 (en) * 1999-09-02 2000-11-30 Bosch Gmbh Robert Heating boiler operating device uses detected pressure of exhaust gases within burner flue for detecting potential drop below dew point
DE10044871B4 (en) * 1999-11-02 2006-09-14 Christian Wilkens Method for minimizing the emission of pollutant particles during the intermittent operation of oil boilers
DE19961286C2 (en) * 1999-12-18 2001-12-13 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method for regulating a heat generator with an air-exhaust gas guide
DE19961285C1 (en) * 1999-12-18 2001-06-28 Bosch Gmbh Robert Regulating heat generator with air-exhaust gas feed involves computing fresh air pressure, temperature at air feed input taking into account air feed thermal-pneumatic characteristics
EP1382919A1 (en) * 2002-07-16 2004-01-21 Siemens Building Technologies AG Method of optimizing the power-on point of a burner near the minimum operational temperature range of a boiler
DE102021206320A1 (en) * 2021-06-21 2022-12-22 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Method for determining and/or optimizing a heat output of a heater and heater and control device

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DE3510136C2 (en) * 1985-03-18 1994-09-01 Koerting Ag Control arrangement for low temperature boilers
AT397714B (en) * 1988-07-25 1994-06-27 Vaillant Gmbh BURNER HEATED UNIT
DE3907955A1 (en) * 1989-03-11 1990-09-13 Bosch Gmbh Robert PROCESS FOR REGULATING THE PRE-BZW. REVERSE TEMPERATURE OF A HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEM
AT400624B (en) * 1992-05-11 1996-02-26 Vaillant Gmbh METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A CONTINUOUSLY ADJUSTABLE BURNER OF A CONDENSING UNIT

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DE19515656A1 (en) 1996-10-31
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