EP0736931B1 - Connector - Google Patents

Connector Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0736931B1
EP0736931B1 EP19960200806 EP96200806A EP0736931B1 EP 0736931 B1 EP0736931 B1 EP 0736931B1 EP 19960200806 EP19960200806 EP 19960200806 EP 96200806 A EP96200806 A EP 96200806A EP 0736931 B1 EP0736931 B1 EP 0736931B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hood
housing
connector
shielding
connector according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19960200806
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0736931A1 (en
Inventor
Werner Panis
Gert Droesbeke
Eddy Kamiel Creele
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FCI SA
Original Assignee
Framatome Connectors International SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Framatome Connectors International SAS filed Critical Framatome Connectors International SAS
Publication of EP0736931A1 publication Critical patent/EP0736931A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0736931B1 publication Critical patent/EP0736931B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/46Bases; Cases
    • H01R13/514Bases; Cases composed as a modular blocks or assembly, i.e. composed of co-operating parts provided with contact members or holding contact members between them
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/648Protective earth or shield arrangements on coupling devices, e.g. anti-static shielding  
    • H01R13/658High frequency shielding arrangements, e.g. against EMI [Electro-Magnetic Interference] or EMP [Electro-Magnetic Pulse]
    • H01R13/6591Specific features or arrangements of connection of shield to conductive members
    • H01R13/6592Specific features or arrangements of connection of shield to conductive members the conductive member being a shielded cable
    • H01R13/6593Specific features or arrangements of connection of shield to conductive members the conductive member being a shielded cable the shield being composed of different pieces
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/648Protective earth or shield arrangements on coupling devices, e.g. anti-static shielding  
    • H01R13/658High frequency shielding arrangements, e.g. against EMI [Electro-Magnetic Interference] or EMP [Electro-Magnetic Pulse]
    • H01R13/6591Specific features or arrangements of connection of shield to conductive members
    • H01R13/6594Specific features or arrangements of connection of shield to conductive members the shield being mounted on a PCB and connected to conductive members
    • H01R13/6595Specific features or arrangements of connection of shield to conductive members the shield being mounted on a PCB and connected to conductive members with separate members fixing the shield to the PCB

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a connector for a cable with a plurality of conductors and a common shielding, comprising a housing of insulating material with contacts to be connected with the conductors and a metal hood, the housing being at least partially accommodated in the hood, wherein the shielding of the cable can be connected to the hood, wherein said hood is provided with at least one projecting flange for connecting the hood with a complementary connector.
  • the hood also extends along two or more faces of the insertion part of the housing adapted to be inserted in a complementary connector, in order to provide a connection of the shielding of the cable with ground contacts of the complementary connector.
  • This known connection between the hood and the ground contacts of the complementary connector is relatively complicated and requires space within this complementary connector.
  • a connector of this type is shown in EP-A-0 421 373.
  • the invention aims to provide a connector of the above-mentioned type wherein the connection of the hood to the shielding at the complementary connector occurs outside of this connector.
  • the connector of the invention is characterized in that said housing comprises a lower part protruding out of the hood along its complete circumference, said lower part being adapted to be inserted into the complementary connector, said complementary connector being surrounded by a metal shielding to be connected with said at least one flange.
  • Fig.1 shows a perspective exploded view of a first embodiment of the connector of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows the connector of Fig. 1 as assembled.
  • Fig. 3 is a view of the connector of Fig. 1 wherein one hood part has been removed.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematically shown cross-section of the connector of Fig. 1 with a partially shown section according to the line IV-IV of Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 shows the connector of Fig. 1 as inserted into a complementary connector.
  • Fig. 6 shows a second embodiment of the connector of the invention in a perspective exploded view.
  • Fig. 7 shows the connector of Fig. 6 as assembled.
  • Fig. 8 shows a third embodiment of the connector of the invention in a perspective exploded view.
  • Fig. 9 shows the connector of Fig. 8 as assembled.
  • Fig. 10 shows the housing of the connector of Fig. 8 as partially disassembled.
  • the connector 1 comprises a housing 4 of insulating material in which contacts are received, which contacts are not shown in the drawings and to which conductors can be connected.
  • the connector comprises a metal hood 5 having two parts 6 and 7 which can be interconnected by means of screws 8.
  • the shielding 3 of the cable 2 is connected to the hood 5 by means of an upright collar 9 with a conical outer wall 10 and a ring 11 with a conical inner wall 12. As the ring 11 is attached to the hood 5 by means of screws 13, the shielding 3 is clamped between the conical walls 10 and 12. Further details are described in a patent application of the same applicant of the same date.
  • a strain relief is obtained by means of a clamping strip 14 clamping the cable 2 against an extension 14 of the ring 11.
  • the housing 4 comprises a lower part 16 protruding out of the hood 5 along its complete circumference.
  • the connector 1 can be inserted into a complementary connector 17 with this lower part 16, wherein the space within the connector 17 can be fully used for contact pins cooperating with the contacts of the housing 4.
  • the hood 5 has two diametrically opposed flanges 19 which can be attached to flanges 20 as shown in Fig. 5.
  • These flanges 20 are part of a shielding 21 or cage surrounding the complementary connector 17. This cage 21 is of course connected with shielding/ground conductors of the printed circuit board 18 in a manner not further shown.
  • the housing 4 is provided with lugs 22 engaging into slots 23 of the hood 5 in its mounted position in order to fix the housing 4 in the hood 5.
  • the housing 4 further comprises slots 24, edges 25 of the hood 5 engaging into these slots.
  • the housing is an assembly of four equal modules 26 each having at one side two pins 27 (see Fig. 4) and at the opposite side two aligned bores 28, in which the pins 27 of a preceding module 26 can be fittingly received.
  • Each module 26 further comprises two lugs 22 and recesses 24.
  • the pins 27 of the module 26 lying at the right side in Fig. 4 are removed before the housing 4 is mounted within the hood 5. Removing the pins 26 can be easily done by breaking off by means of a suitable tool.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows that two twinaxial cables 29 are connected to each module 26, so that the cable 2 in this embodiment comprises eight twinaxial cables 29.
  • the construction of the module 26 is further described in EP-A-0 620 616.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 show a second embodiment of the connector of the invention indicated by reference numeral 30.
  • This connector 30 mainly corresponds with the connector of Figs. 1-5, so that a detailed description is not necessary.
  • the housing 4 is an assembly of five modules 26 so that the cable 2 comprises ten twinaxial cables 29.
  • the hood 5 of the connector 30 is provided with L-shaped flanges 31, one leg of which joins the hood 5.
  • Figs. 8-10 show a third embodiment of the connector of the invention indicated by reference numeral 32.
  • the connector 32 mainly corresponds with connector 1 and is therefore neither described in detail.
  • the ring 11 comprises two parts 33 and 34 as further described in the above-mentioned patent application of the same date.
  • the connector 32 comprises a housing 35 which is an assembly of two parts 36 with an intermediate insulating plate 37 as shown in Fig. 10.
  • a cover 38 of insulating material is mounted on the two parts 36, wherein lugs 39 of the housing parts 36 engage into openings 40 of the cover 38.
  • the cover 38 includes the lugs 22 for attaching the housing 35 into the hood 5.

Description

  • The invention relates to a connector for a cable with a plurality of conductors and a common shielding, comprising a housing of insulating material with contacts to be connected with the conductors and a metal hood, the housing being at least partially accommodated in the hood, wherein the shielding of the cable can be connected to the hood, wherein said hood is provided with at least one projecting flange for connecting the hood with a complementary connector.
  • In the known connector the hood also extends along two or more faces of the insertion part of the housing adapted to be inserted in a complementary connector, in order to provide a connection of the shielding of the cable with ground contacts of the complementary connector. This known connection between the hood and the ground contacts of the complementary connector is relatively complicated and requires space within this complementary connector. A connector of this type is shown in EP-A-0 421 373.
  • The invention aims to provide a connector of the above-mentioned type wherein the connection of the hood to the shielding at the complementary connector occurs outside of this connector.
  • To this end the connector of the invention is characterized in that said housing comprises a lower part protruding out of the hood along its complete circumference, said lower part being adapted to be inserted into the complementary connector, said complementary connector being surrounded by a metal shielding to be connected with said at least one flange. In this manner a connector is obtained wherein the connection of the shielding may occur outside of the complementary connector so that no space is required within this connector for contacts which have to cooperate with the hood.
  • The invention will be further explained by reference to the drawings in which some embodiments of the connector according to the invention are schematically shown.
  • Fig.1 shows a perspective exploded view of a first embodiment of the connector of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows the connector of Fig. 1 as assembled.
  • Fig. 3 is a view of the connector of Fig. 1 wherein one hood part has been removed.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematically shown cross-section of the connector of Fig. 1 with a partially shown section according to the line IV-IV of Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 shows the connector of Fig. 1 as inserted into a complementary connector.
  • Fig. 6 shows a second embodiment of the connector of the invention in a perspective exploded view.
  • Fig. 7 shows the connector of Fig. 6 as assembled.
  • Fig. 8 shows a third embodiment of the connector of the invention in a perspective exploded view.
  • Fig. 9 shows the connector of Fig. 8 as assembled.
  • Fig. 10 shows the housing of the connector of Fig. 8 as partially disassembled.
  • Referring to Figs. 1-5 there is shown a connector 1 for a cable 2 with a plurality of conductors not shown and a common shielding 3 shown in Fig. 5. The connector 1 comprises a housing 4 of insulating material in which contacts are received, which contacts are not shown in the drawings and to which conductors can be connected. Further, the connector comprises a metal hood 5 having two parts 6 and 7 which can be interconnected by means of screws 8. The shielding 3 of the cable 2 is connected to the hood 5 by means of an upright collar 9 with a conical outer wall 10 and a ring 11 with a conical inner wall 12. As the ring 11 is attached to the hood 5 by means of screws 13, the shielding 3 is clamped between the conical walls 10 and 12. Further details are described in a patent application of the same applicant of the same date. A strain relief is obtained by means of a clamping strip 14 clamping the cable 2 against an extension 14 of the ring 11.
  • As shown in the drawings, the housing 4 comprises a lower part 16 protruding out of the hood 5 along its complete circumference. Thereby the connector 1 can be inserted into a complementary connector 17 with this lower part 16, wherein the space within the connector 17 can be fully used for contact pins cooperating with the contacts of the housing 4. For connecting the shielding 3 of the cable 2 through the hood 5 to the shielding/ground of a printed circuit board 18 on which the complementary connector 17 is mounted, the hood 5 has two diametrically opposed flanges 19 which can be attached to flanges 20 as shown in Fig. 5. These flanges 20 are part of a shielding 21 or cage surrounding the complementary connector 17. This cage 21 is of course connected with shielding/ground conductors of the printed circuit board 18 in a manner not further shown.
  • The housing 4 is provided with lugs 22 engaging into slots 23 of the hood 5 in its mounted position in order to fix the housing 4 in the hood 5. The housing 4 further comprises slots 24, edges 25 of the hood 5 engaging into these slots. In the embodiment of Figs. 1-5 the housing is an assembly of four equal modules 26 each having at one side two pins 27 (see Fig. 4) and at the opposite side two aligned bores 28, in which the pins 27 of a preceding module 26 can be fittingly received. Each module 26 further comprises two lugs 22 and recesses 24. The pins 27 of the module 26 lying at the right side in Fig. 4 are removed before the housing 4 is mounted within the hood 5. Removing the pins 26 can be easily done by breaking off by means of a suitable tool.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows that two twinaxial cables 29 are connected to each module 26, so that the cable 2 in this embodiment comprises eight twinaxial cables 29. The construction of the module 26 is further described in EP-A-0 620 616.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 show a second embodiment of the connector of the invention indicated by reference numeral 30. This connector 30 mainly corresponds with the connector of Figs. 1-5, so that a detailed description is not necessary. In this case the housing 4 is an assembly of five modules 26 so that the cable 2 comprises ten twinaxial cables 29. The hood 5 of the connector 30 is provided with L-shaped flanges 31, one leg of which joins the hood 5.
  • Figs. 8-10 show a third embodiment of the connector of the invention indicated by reference numeral 32. The connector 32 mainly corresponds with connector 1 and is therefore neither described in detail. In this case the ring 11 comprises two parts 33 and 34 as further described in the above-mentioned patent application of the same date.
  • The connector 32 comprises a housing 35 which is an assembly of two parts 36 with an intermediate insulating plate 37 as shown in Fig. 10. A cover 38 of insulating material is mounted on the two parts 36, wherein lugs 39 of the housing parts 36 engage into openings 40 of the cover 38. In this case the cover 38 includes the lugs 22 for attaching the housing 35 into the hood 5.
  • The invention is not restricted to the above-described embodiments which can be varied in a number of ways within the scope of the claims.

Claims (7)

  1. Connector (1, 30, 32) for a cable (2) with a plurality of conductors and a common shielding (3), comprising a housing (4) of insulating material with contacts to be connected with the conductors and a metal hood (5), the housing being at least partially accommodated in the hood, wherein the shielding of the cable can be connected to the hood, wherein said hood is provided with at least one projecting flange (19, 31) for connecting the hood with a complementary connector characterized in that said housing (4) comprises a lower part (16) protruding out of the hood (5) along its complete circumference, said lower part being adapted to be inserted into the complementary connector (17) said complementary connector being surrounded by a metal shielding (21) to be connected with said at least one flange (19,31).
  2. Connector according to claim 1, wherein said hood (5) is provided with a flange (19, 31) for connection to the shielding (31) at two opposite sides.
  3. Connector according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said hood (5) comprises two parts (6, 7) being detachable interconnected and surrounding an upper part of the housing (4), wherein the hood and the housing are provided with cooperating attachment means (22-25) for attaching the housing in the hood.
  4. Connector according to claim 3, wherein said housing (4) is an assembly of a plurality of parts (36, 37) which are interconnected by a cover (38) of insulating material, said cover having the attachment means (22) for attaching the housing (4) to the hood (5).
  5. Connector according to claim 3, wherein the housing (4) is an assembly of a plurality of equal modules (26), wherein each module (26) has at least one pin (27) at one side and at an opposite side an aligned bore (28) for fittingly receiving the corresponding pin of an adjacent module.
  6. Connector according to claim 5, wherein each module (26) has a lug (22) and a recess (24) at opposite sides, wherein said lugs and recesses of the assembled modules provide the attachment means of the housing (4).
  7. Connector according to claim 5 or 6, wherein each pin (27) of a module (26) is adapted to be removed.
EP19960200806 1995-04-05 1996-03-26 Connector Expired - Lifetime EP0736931B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1000051A NL1000051C2 (en) 1995-04-05 1995-04-05 Connector.
NL1000051 1995-04-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0736931A1 EP0736931A1 (en) 1996-10-09
EP0736931B1 true EP0736931B1 (en) 1999-08-25

Family

ID=19760827

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19960200806 Expired - Lifetime EP0736931B1 (en) 1995-04-05 1996-03-26 Connector

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0736931B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69603897T2 (en)
NL (1) NL1000051C2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10686278B2 (en) 2016-07-20 2020-06-16 Harting Electric Gmbh & Co. Kg Multi-part retaining frame, method for assembling and equipping

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9712457D0 (en) * 1997-06-17 1997-08-20 Smiths Industries Plc Electrical connection
NL1009371C2 (en) * 1998-06-11 1999-12-20 Framatome Connectors Belgium Electrical connector for number of screened coaxial or twin-axial cables used for transmission of high frequency signals
NL1015059C2 (en) 2000-04-28 2001-10-30 Fci S Hertogenbosch B V Cable connector and kit for assembling it.
FR2917541B1 (en) * 2007-06-15 2009-09-18 Souriau Soc Par Actions Simpli SUB-MINIATURE CONNECTION ASSEMBLY
EP2003741B1 (en) 2007-06-15 2012-01-25 Souriau A shielded sub-miniature connection assembly and process for equipping such a connection assembly

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1445067A (en) * 1975-02-28 1976-08-04 Hego Electric Gmbh Modular connection assembly jfor electrical installations
US5108313A (en) * 1989-10-05 1992-04-28 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Modular connector
DE9311781U1 (en) * 1992-10-29 1993-09-30 Siemens Ag Cable connector for multi-core cables
US5385490A (en) * 1993-08-24 1995-01-31 The Whitaker Corporation Modular connector for use with multi-conductor cable

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10686278B2 (en) 2016-07-20 2020-06-16 Harting Electric Gmbh & Co. Kg Multi-part retaining frame, method for assembling and equipping

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL1000051C2 (en) 1996-10-08
DE69603897T2 (en) 1999-12-09
EP0736931A1 (en) 1996-10-09
DE69603897D1 (en) 1999-09-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6036543A (en) Connector assembly
US5554038A (en) Connector for shielded cables
US5588851A (en) Connector for a cable for high frequency signals
EP0736933B1 (en) Connector
US5836774A (en) Adapter and mechanism thereof
US5354219A (en) Multipolar screened connector having a common earth
AU630780B2 (en) Interconnectable components employing a multi-positionable key
US4895535A (en) Keyed mountable electrical connectors
US7901239B2 (en) Cable connector
US5871371A (en) High density circular connector
EP0620616A1 (en) Connector for coaxial and/or twinaxial cables
EP2184812A1 (en) Cable end connector assembly
EP0675570A3 (en) Combination connector
KR19990063774A (en) Device for connecting electrical connectors to complementary connectors
EP1032089B1 (en) Electrical connector assemblies
EP0736931B1 (en) Connector
EP1244183B1 (en) Electrical connector and transmission line
EP0891018B1 (en) Connector
EP0736932B1 (en) Connector, housing thereof and metal hood thereof
US6361346B1 (en) Connector system
FR2734415B1 (en) ELECTRICAL PLUG CONNECTOR WITH FLUID TRANSMISSION
EP0654847A1 (en) Electrical contact element
US5066251A (en) Device connectable to the rear cover of a connector
CN1213870A (en) Cable plug with earthing joint connection
EP0995239B1 (en) Apparatus for forming a connection through a board

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BE DE FR NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19970107

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19971118

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE DE FR NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69603897

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19990930

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20050323

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20050331

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20060331

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20061001

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20061001

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: *FRAMATOME CONNECTORS INTERNATIONAL

Effective date: 20060331

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20080307

Year of fee payment: 13

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20080331

Year of fee payment: 13

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20091130

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20091001

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20091123

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20120307

Year of fee payment: 17

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: EUG

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20130327