EP0736085B1

EP0736085B1 - Detergent compositions containing percarbonate and amylase

Info

Publication number: EP0736085B1
Application number: EP95905359A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Michael Alan John Moss; Christiaan Arthur Jacques Kamiel Thoen
Original assignee: Procter and Gamble Co
Current assignee: Procter and Gamble Co
Priority date: 1993-12-21
Filing date: 1994-12-15
Publication date: 2002-02-20
Anticipated expiration: 2014-12-15
Also published as: WO1995017495A1; DE69429930D1; CN1138346A; JPH09507509A; PH11994049605B1; DE69429930T3; JP3474192B2; EP0736085A1; CN1352235A; EP0736085A4; ES2173173T3; DE69429930T2; CA2176697C; EP0736085B2; CA2176697A1

Description

Technical Field

The present invention relates to detergent compositions containing percarbonate bleach, and amylase enzyme at narrowly defined ratios, to provide synergistic stain removal performance, in particular on specific stains such as starch-based stains, and blood stains.

Background of the Invention

The inorganic perhydrate bleach most widely used in laundry detergent compositions is sodium perborate in the form of either the monohydrate or tetrahydrate. However, concerns about the impact of boron salts on the environment have led to an increasing interest in other perhydrate salts, of which sodium percarbonate is the most readily available.
Detergent compositions containing sodium percarbonate are known in the art. Sodium percarbonate is an attractive perhydrate for use in detergent compositions because it dissolves readily in water, is weight efficient and, after giving up its available oxygen, provides a useful source of carbonate ions for detergency purposes.
On the-other hand, the use of amylase enzymes in detergent compositions is known, although such use has been mainly described in perborate-based formulations.
The use of enzymes, including amylase in percarbonate-based compositions is known from e.g. JP 57028197; WO-A-94/01521 and WO-A-94/03554.
DE 1 940 654 relates to enzyme - containing automatic detergents comprising a peroxy conpound wherein such peroxy compound is enveloped in water soluble cellulose ethers and/or esters. US 4, 620, 936 discloses a midly alkaline enzymatic detergent clearing composition adapted for use in automatic dishwashing machines, comprising (a) or anylolytic enzyme, (b) sodium triphosphate, (c) sodium carbonate and/or borax, (d) sodium silicate, (e) a peroxy compound blesch, (f) a stabilising agent, and optionally but preferably (g) a proteolytic enzyme and/or (h) a low- to non-foaming nonionic surfactant and/or (i) a fatty acid having a chain length of C_12-18, the amounts of components (b), (c) and (d) being so adjusted that the composition will have sufficient builder and buffering capacity to maintain a solution pH of from 9.3 to 10.8. EP 504 091 relates to a phosphate - free automatic dishwashing composition comprising nonionic tenside, carboxylic acid, water-soluble alkalin compound and bleach, for excellent tea stain removing ability.
US 4, 969, 927 is directed to a process for the machine-washing of fabrics according to which a dispersing and diffusing device of the reusable type is filled with a particular product which is active during the washing.
Although the action of amylase on starch-based stains in particular, is known, and the action of percarbonate on bleacheable stains is also known, it has now been surprisingly discovered that the combined use of percarbonate and amylase at specific ratios provides a synergetic effect on the removal of difficult stains such as starch-based stains and blood stains, in particular at low temperatures.
In addition such a synergetic removal effect is also seen on particulate stains such as peat clay, mud, fertilizing soil, high organic content clay.
It has further been found that the ternary system consisting of percarbonate/amylase/protease at specific ratios provides an even better result on the above stains, in particular on starch-based and blood stains.

Detailed Description of the Invention

Both laundry detergent compositions including laundry additives and automatic dishwashing compositions are encompassed by the term "detergent compositions" herein. Methods of treatment of textile are also encompassed.

Percarbonate

The laundry detergent or automatic dishwashing compositions herein typically contain from 1% to 40%, preferably from 3% to 30% by weight, most preferably from 5% to 25% by weight of an alkali metal percarbonate bleach (when expresssed on an AvOx basis of 13.5%) in the form of particles having a mean size from 250 to 900 micrometers, preferably 500 to 700 micrometers.
Laundry additives typically contain from 20 to 80 of said percarbonate particles.
The alkali metal percarbonate bleach is usually in the form of the sodium salt. Sodium percarbonate is an addition compound having a formula corresponding to 2Na₂CO₃ 3H₂O₂. To enhance storage stability the percarbonate bleach can be coated with the proviso that such coating is not a 14% by weight of ethyl cellulose with a substitution degree of 2,6. Suitable coating can be e.g. a further mixed salt of an alkali metal sulphate and carbonate. Such coatings together with coating processes have previously been described in GB-1,466,799, granted to Interox on 9th March 1977. The weight ratio of the mixed salt coating material to percarbonate lies in the range from 1:2000 to 1:4, more preferably from 1:99 to 1:9, and most preferably from 1:49 to 1:19. Preferably, the mixed salt is of sodium sulphate and sodium carbonate which has the general formula Na2SO4.n.Na2CO3 wherein n is from 0.1 to 3, preferably n is from 0.3 to 1.0 and most preferably n is from 0.2 to 0.5.
Other suitable coating materials are sodium silicate, of SiO₂:Na₂O ratio from 1.6:1 to 2.8:1, and magnesium silicate.
Commercially available carbonate/sulphate coated percarbonate bleach may include a low level of a heavy metal sequestrant such as EDTA, 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) or an aminophosphonate, that is incorporated during the manufacturing process.
Preferred heavy metal sequestrants for incorporation as described herein above include the organic phosphonates and amino alkylene poly(alkylene phosphonates) such as the alkali metal ethane 1-hydroxy diphosphonates, the nitrilo trimethylene phosphonates, the ethylene diamine tetra methylene phosphonates and the diethylene triamine penta methylene phosphonates.

Amylase

The compositions herein further comprise as an essential ingredient an amylase enzyme (expressed on an activity of about 60KNU/g) in a weight ratio of percarbonate (expressed on an activity basis of 13.5% AvOx) to amylase of 1:2 to 300:1, preferably 1:2 to 200:1.
An even more preferred ratio is 1:2 to 60:1 while the most preferred ratio is 20:1 to 40:1.
Typically, the amylase enzyme can be incorporated into the compositions of the present invention at a level of from 0,1% to 2%, preferably at a level of from 0,1% to 1% by weight.
Preferred amylases include, for example, &-amylases obtained from a special strain of B. licheniforms, described in more detail in GB-1,296,839 (Novo Nordisk). Preferred commercially available amylases include for example, Rapidase®, sold by International Bio-Synthetics Inc. and Termamyl®, sold by Novo Nordisk A/S.

Optional protease

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the detergent compositions herein also contain a protease enzyme (expressed on an activity of about 4KNPU/g) in a weight ratio of protease to percarbonate (expressed on an activity basis of 13.5% AvOx) of from 5:1 to 1:60, preferably 2:1 to 1:10.
Preferred commercially available protease enzymes include those sold under the trade names Alcalase and Savinase by Novo Nordisk A/S (Denmark) and Maxatase by International Bio-Synthetics, Inc. (The Netherlands).
In one embodiment of the present invention, the laundry detergent compositions herein also comprise a surface-active agent and a builder.

Surface active agent :

Anionic Surfactants

The detergent compositions of the present invention contain one or more anionic surfactants as described below.

Alkyl Sulfate Surfactant

Alkyl sulfate surfactants hereof are water soluble salts or acids of the formula ROSO₃M wherein R preferably is a C₁₀-C₂₄ hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a C₁₀-C₂₀ alkyl component, more preferably a C₁₂-C₁₈ alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, and M is H or a cation, e.g., an alkali metal cation (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium), or ammonium or substituted ammonium (e.g., methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyl ammonium cations and quaternary ammonium cations, such as tetramethylammonium and dimethyl piperidinium cations and quaternary ammonium cations derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, and mixtures thereof ). Typically, alkyl chains of C₁₂-₁₆ are preferred for lower wash temperatures (e.g., below 50°C) and C₁₆-₁₈ alkyl chains are preferred for higher wash temperatures (e.g., above 50°C).

Alkyl Alkoxylated Sulfate Surfactant

Alkyl alkoxylated sulfate surfactants hereof are water soluble salts or acids of the formula RO(A)_mSO₃M wherein R is an unsubstituted C₁₀-C₂₄ alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having a C₁₀-C₂₄ alkyl component, preferably a C₁₂-C₂₀ alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, more preferably C₁₂-C₁₈ alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, A is an ethoxy or propoxy unit, m is greater than zero, typically between 0.5 and 6, more preferably between 0.5 and 3, and M is H or a cation which can be, for example, a metal cation (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium.), ammonium or substitutedammonium cation. AlkyL ethoxylated sulfates as well as alkyl propoxylated sulfates are contemplated herein. Specific examples of substituted ammonium cations include methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethylammonium and quaternary ammonium cations, such as tetramethylanmonium, dimethyl piperidinium and cations derived from alkanolamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, mixtures thereof. Exemplary surfactants are C₁₂-C₁₈ alkyl polyethoxylate (1.0) sulfate, (C₁₂-C₁₈E(1.0)M), C₁₂-C₁₈ alkyl polyethoxylate (2.25) sulfate, (C₁₂-C₁₈E(2.25)M), C₁₂-C₁₈ alkyl polyethoxylate (3.0) sulfate (C₁₂-C₁₈E(3.0)M), and C₁₂-C₁₈ alkyl polyethoxylate (4.0) sulfate (C₁₂-C₁₈E(4.0)M), wherein M is conveniently selected from sodium and potassium.

Other Anionic Surfactants

Other anionic surfactants useful for detersive purposes can also be included in the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention. These can include salts (including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts) of soap, C₉-C₂₀ linear alkylbenzenesulphonates, C₈-C₂₂ primary or secondary alkanesulphonates, C₈-C₂₄ olefinsulphonates, sulphonated polycarboxylic acids prepared by sulphonation of the pyrolyzed product of alkaline earth metal citrates, e.g., as described in British patent specification No. 1,082,179, C₈-C₂₄ alkylpolyglycolethersulfates (containing up to 10 moles of ethylene oxide); alkyl ester sulfonates such as C_14-16 methyl ester sulfonates; acyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, paraffin sulfonates, alkyl phosphates, isethionates such as the acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurates, alkyl succinamates and sulfosuccinates, monoesters of sulfosuccinate (especially saturated and unsaturated C₁₂-C₁₈ monoesters) diesters of sulfosuccinate (especially saturated and unsaturated C₆-C₁₄ diesters), acyl sarcosinates, sulfates of alkylpolysaccharides such as the sulfates of alkylpolyglucoside (the nonionic nonsulfated compounds being described below), branched primary alkyl sulfates, alkyl polyethoxy carboxylates such as those of the formula RO(CH₂CH₂O)_kCH₂COO-M⁺ wherein R is a C₈-C₂₂ alkyl, k is an integer from 0 to 10, and M is a soluble salt-forming cation. Resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids are also suitable, such as rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids present in or derived from tall oil. Further examples are given in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents" (Vol. I and II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch). A variety of such surfactants are also generally disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,929,678, issued December 30, 1975 to Laughlin, et al. at Column 23, line 58 through Column 29, line 23.
Preferred surfactants for use in the compositions herein are the alkyl sulfates, alkyl alkoxylated sulfates, and mixtures thereof.
The laundry detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from 1 % to 40 %, preferably from 3 % to 20 % by weight of such anionic surfactants.

Nonionic Surfactants

The present laundry detergent compositions preferably also comprise a nonionic surfactant.
While any nonionic surfactant may be normally employed in the present invention, two families of nonionics have been found to be particularly useful. These are nonionic surfactants based on alkoxylated (especially ethoxylated) alcohols, and those nonionic surfactants based on amidation products of fatty acid esters and N-alkyl polyhydroxy amine. The amidation products of the esters and the amines are generally referred to herein as polyhydroxy fatty acid amides. Particularly useful in the present invention are mixtures comprising two or more nonionic surfactants wherein at Least one nonionic surfactant is selected from each of the groups of alkoxylated alcohols and the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides.
Suitable nonionic surfactants include compounds produced by the condensation of alkylene oxide groups (hydrophilic in nature) with an organic hydrophobic compound, which may be aliphatic or alkyl aromatic in nature. The length of the polyoxyalkylene group which is condensed with any particular hydrophobic group can be readily adjusted to yield a water-soluble compound having the desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements.
Particularly preferred for use in the present invention are nonionic surfactants such as the polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, e.g., the condensation products of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing from 6 to 16 carbon atoms, in either a straight chain or branched chain configuration, with from 4 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkyl phenol.
Preferred nonionics are the water-soluble condensation products of aliphatic alcohols containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, in either straight chain or branched configuration, with an average of up to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. Particularly preferred are the condensation products of alcohols having an alkyl group containing from 9 to 15 carbon atoms with from 2 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol; and condensation products of propylene glycol with ethylene oxide. Most preferred are condensation products of alcohols having an alkyl group containing from 12 to 15 carbon atoms with an average of 3 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
The nonionic surfactant system herein can also include a polyhydroxy fatty acid amide component.
Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides may be produced by reacting a fatty acid ester and an N-alkyl polyhydroxy amine. The preferred amine for use in the present invention is N-(R1)-CH2(CH2OH)4-CH2-OH and the preferred ester is a C12-C20 fatty acid methyl ester. Most preferred is the reaction product of N-methyl glucamine with C12-C20 fatty acid methyl ester.
Methods of manufacturing polyhydroxy fatty acid amides have been described in WO 92 6073, published on 16th April, 1992. This application describes the preparation of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides in the presence of solvents. In a highly preferred embodiment of the invention N-methyl glucamine is reacted with a C12-C20 methyl ester. It also says that the formulator of granular detergent compositions may find it convenient to run the amidation reaction in the presence of solvents which comprise alkoxylated, especially ethoxylated (EO 3-8) C12-C14 alcohols (page 15, lines 22-27). This directly yields nonionic surfactant systems which are preferred in the present invention, such as those comprising N-methyl glucamide and C12-C14 alcohols with an average of 3 ethoxylate groups per molecule.
Nonionic surfactant systems, and granular detergents made from such systems have been described in WO 92 6160, published on 16th April, 1992. This application describes (example 15) a granular detergent composition prepared by fine dispersion. mixing in an Eirich RV02 mixer which comprises N-methyl glucamide (10%), nonionic surfactant (10%).
Both of these patent: applications describe nonionic surfactant systems together with suitable manufacturing processes for their synthesis, which have been found to be suitable for use in the present invention.
The polyhydroxy fatty acid amide may be present in compositions of the present invention at a level of from 0% to 50% by weight of the detergent component or composition, preferably from 5% to 40% by weight, even more preferably from 10% to 30% by weight.

Other Surfactants

The laundry detergent compositions of the present invention may also contain cationic, ampholytic, zwitterionic, and semi-polar surfactants, as well as nonionic surfactants other than those already described herein, including the semi-polar nonionic amine oxides described below.
Cationic detersive surfactants suitable for use in the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention are those having one long-chain hydrocarbyl group. Examples of such cationic surfactants include the ammonium surfactants such as alkyldimethylammonium halogenides, and those surfactants having the formula : [R²(OR³)y][R⁴(OR³)y]₂R⁵N+X- wherein R2 is an alkyl or alkyl benzyl group having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, each R³ is selected from the group consisting of
-CH₂CH₂-, -CH₂CH(CH₃)-, -CH₂CH(CH₂OH)-, -CH₂CH₂CH₂-, and mixtures thereof; each R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ hydroxyalkyl, benzyl ring structures formed by joining the two R⁴ groups,
-CH₂COH-CHOHCOR⁶CHOHCH₂OH wherein R6 is any hexose or hexose polymer having a molecular weight less than about 1000, and hydrogen when y is not 0; R⁵ is the same as R⁴ or is an alkyl chain wherein the total number of carbon atoms of R² plus R⁵ is not more than 18; each y is from 0 to 10 and the sum of the y values is from 0 to 15; and X is any compatible anion.
Other cationic surfactants useful herein are also described in US Patent 4,228,044, Cambre, issued October 14, 1980.
When included therein, the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from 0 % to 25 %, preferably from 3 % to 15 % by weight of such cationic surfactants.
Ampholytic surfactants are also suitable for use in the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention. These surfactants can be broadly described as aliphatic derivatives of secondary or tertiary amines, or aliphatic derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight- or branched chain. One of the aliphatic substituents contains at least 8 carbon atoms, typically from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and at least one contains an anionic water-solubilizing group e.g. carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate. See U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678 to Laughlin et al., issued December 30, 1975 at column 19, lines 18-35 for examples of ampholytic surfactants.
When included therein, the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from 0 % to 15 %, preferably from 1 % to 10 % by weight of such ampholytic surfactants.
Zwitterionic surfactants are also suitable for use in laundry detergent compositions. These surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of secondary and tertiary amines, derivates of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines, or derivatives of quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium or tertiary sulfonium compounds. See U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678 to Laughlin et al., issued December 30, 1975 at columns 19, line 38 through column 22, line 48 for examples of zwitterionic surfactants.
When included therein, the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from 0 % to 15 %, preferably from 1 % to 10 % by weight of such zwitterionic surfactants.
Semi-polar nonionic surfactants are a special category of nonionic surfactants which include water-soluble amine oxides containing one alkyl moiety of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group consisting af alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; water-soluble phosphine oxides containing one alkyl moiety of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
Semi-polar nonionic detergent surfactants include the amine oxide surfactants having the formula :

Builder

The compositions herein preferably contain a builder, most preferably non-phosphate detergent builders. These can include, but are not restricted to alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates, silicates, aluminosilicates, carboxylates and mixtures of any of the foregoing. The builder system is present in an amount of from 25% to 80% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 30% to 60% by weight.
Suitable silicates are those having an SiO₂ : Na₂O ratio in the range from 1.6 to 3.4, the so-called amorphous silicates of SiO₂ ; Na₂O ratios from 2.0 to 2.8 being preferred.
Within the silicate class, highly preferred materials are crystalline layered sodium silicates of general formula NaMSixO2x + 1·yH2O wherein M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20. Crystalline layered sodium silicates of this type are disclosed in EP-A-0164514 and methods for their preparation are disclosed in DE-A-3417649 and DE-A-3742043. For the purposes of the present invention, x in the-general formula above has a value of 2,3 or 4 and is preferably 2. More preferably M is sodium and y is 0 and a preferred example of this formula comprises the form of Na₂Si₂O₅. These materials are available from Hoechst AG FRG as respectively NaSKS-5, NaSKS-7, NaSKS-11 and NaSKS-6. The most preferred material is Na₂Si₂O₅, NaSKS-6. Crystalline layered silicates are incorporated either as dry mixed solids, or as solid components of agglomerates with other components.
Whilst a range of aluminosilicate ion exchange materials can be used, preferred sodium aluminosilicate zeolites have the unit cell formula Na_z[(AlO₂)_z·(SiO₂)_y]·xH₂O wherein z and y are at least about 6, the molar ratio of z to y is from 1.0 to 0.4 and x is from 10 to 264. Amorphous hydrated aluminosilicate materials useful herein have the empirical formula M_z(zAlO₂·ySiO₂) wherein M is sodium, potassium, ammonium or substituted ammonium, z is from 0.5 to 2 and y is 1, said material having a magnesium ion exchange capacity of at least 50 milligram equivalents of CaCO₃ hardness per gram of anhydrous aluminosilicate. Hydrated sodium Zeolite A with a particle size of from 1 to 10 microns is preferred.
The aluminosilicate ion exchange builder materials herein are in hydrated form and contain from 10% to 28% of water by weight if crystalline, and potentially even higher amounts of water if amorphous. Highly preferred crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials contain from 18% to 22% water in their crystal matrix. The crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials are further characterized by a particle size diameter of from 0.1 micron to 10 microns. Amorphous materials are often smaller, e.g., down to less than 0.01 micron. Preferred ion exchange materials have a particle size diameter of from 0.2 micron to 4 microns. The term "particle size diameter" herein represents the average particle size diameter by weight of a given ion exchange material as determined by conventional analytical techniques such as, for example, microscopic determination utilizing a scanning electron microscope.
Aluminosilicate ion exchange materials useful in the practice of this invention are commercially available. The aluminosilicates useful in this invention can be crystalline or amorphous in structure and can be naturally occurring aluminosilicates or synthetically derived. A method for producing aluminosilicate ion exchange materials is discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,985,669, Krummel et al., issued Oct. 12, 1976. Preferred synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials useful herein are available under the designations Zeolite A, Zeolite X, P and MAP, the latter species being described in EPA 384070. In an especially preferred embodiment, the crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange material is a Zeolite. A having the formula Na₁₂[(AlO₂)₁₂(SiO2)₁₂]·xH₂O wherein x is from 20 to 30, especially 27 and has a particle size generally less than about 5 microns.
Suitable carboxylate builders containing one carboxy group include lactic acid, glycollic acid and ether derivatives thereof as disclosed in Belgian Patent Nos. 831,368, 821,369 and 821,370. Polycarboxylates containing two carboxy groups include the water-soluble salts of succinic acid, malonic acid, (ethylenedioxy) diacetic acid, maleic acid, diglycollic acid, tartaric acid, tartronic acid and fumaric acid, as well as the ether carboxylates described in German Offenlegenschrift 2,446,686 and 2,446,687 and U.S. Patent No. 3,935,257 and the sulfinyl carboxylates described in Belgian Patent No. 840,623. Polycarboxylates containing three carboxy groups include, in particular, water-soluble citrates, aconitrates and citraconates as well as succinate derivatives such as the carboxymethyloxysuccinates described in British Patent No. 1,379,241, lactoxysuccinates described in Netherlands Application 7205873, and the oxypolycarboxylate materials such as 2-oxa-1,1,3-propane tricarboxylates described in British Patent No. 1,387,447.
Polycarboxylates containing four carboxy groups include oxydisuccinates disclosed in British Patent No. 1,261,829,1, and the 1,2,2-ethane tetracarboxylates ,1,1,3,3-propane tetracarboxylates and 1,1,2,3-propane tetracarboxylates. Polycarboxylates containing sulfo substituents include the sulfosuccinate derivatives disclosed in British Patent Nos. 1,398,421 and 1,398,422 and in US Patent No. 3,936,448, and the sulfonated pyrolysed citrates described in British Patent No. 1,082,179, while polycarboxylates containing phosphone substituents are disclosed in British Patent No. 1,439,000.
Alicyclic and heterocyclic polycarboxylates include cyclopentane-cis,cis,cis-tetracarboxylates, cyclopentadienide pentacarboxylates, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran- cis,cis,cis-tetracarboxylates, 2,5-tetrahydrofuran -cis- dicarboxylates, 2,2,5,5,-tetrahydrofuran - tetracarboxylates, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexane hexacarboxylates and carboxymethyl derivatives of polyhydric alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol and xylitol. Aromatic polycarboxylates include mellitic acid, pyromellitic acid and the phtalic acid derivates disclosed in British Patent No. 1,425,343.
Of the above, the preferred polycarboxylates are hydroxycarboxylates containing up to three carboxy groups per molecule, more particularly citrates.
The parent acids of the monomeric or oligomeric polycarboxylate chelating agents or mixtures thereof with their salts, e.g. citric acid or citrate/citric acid mixtures are also-contemplated as components of builder systems useful in the present invention.

Density :

The present compositions are preferably in a compact form, having a bulk density of at least 650 g/l, but can also be in a conventional form, with densities in a range of from 200 g/l to 700 g/l.
In another embodiment of the invention, are provided Automatic Dishwashing Compositions :
Automatic dishwashing compositions typically contain, in addition to the percarbonate, the amylase enzyme and the anionic surfactant of the invention, a builder, such as described above, and a source of alkalinity, such as silicate or carbonate, those ingredients amounting to up to 70% of the formulation. Optional ingredients include polymers and other enzymes.
In still another embodiment of the invention, are provided Laundry Additive Compositions : such compositions typically contain in addition to the percarbonate, the amylase enzyme and the anionic surfactant of the invention, a builder and a source of alkalinity.

Optional Ingredients

Other ingredients which are known for use in detergent compositions may also be used as optional ingredients in the various embodiments of the present invention, such as bleach activators, other bleaching agents, polymers, other enzymes, suds suppressing agents, as well as dyes, fillers, optical brighteners, pH adjusting agents, non builder alkalinity sources, enzyme stability agents, hydrotopes, perfumes.

Bleach activators

The present compositions, especially the laundry detergent compositions/additives, preferably contain from 1% to 20% by weight of the composition, preferably from 2% to 15% by weight, most preferably from 3 to 10 by weight of a peroxyacid bleach activator.
Peroxyacid bleach activators (bleach precursors) as additional bleaching components in accordance with the invention can be selected from a wide range of class and are preferably those containing one or more N-or O-acyl groups.
Suitable classes include anhydrides, esters, amides, and acylated derivatives of imidazoles and oximes, and examples of useful materials within these classes are disclosed in GB-A-1586789. The most preferred classes are esters such as are disclosed in GB-A-836 988, 864,798, 1 147 871 and 2 143 231 and amides such as are disclosed in GB-A-855 735 and 1 246 338.
Particularly preferred bleach activator compounds as additional bleaching components in accordance with the invention are the N,N,N'N'-tetra acetylated compounds of the formula
where x can be O or an integer between 1 and 6.
Examples include tetra acetyl methylene diamine (TAMD) in which x=1, tetra acetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) in which x=2 and Tetraacetyl hexylene diamine (TAHD) in which x=6. These and analogous compounds are described in GB-A-907 356. The most preferred peroxyacid bleach activator as an additional bleaching component is TAED.
Another preferred class of peroxyacid bleach compounds are the amide substituted compounds of the following general formulae :
wherein R¹ is an aryl or alkaryl group with from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, R² is an alkylene, arylene, and alkarylene group containing from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, and R⁵ is H or an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and L can be essentially any leaving group. R¹ preferably contains from 6 to 12 carbon atoms. R² preferably contains from 4 to 8 carbon atoms. R¹ may be straight chain or branched alkyl, substituted aryl or alkylaryl containing branching, substitution, or both and may be sourced from either synthetic sources or natural sources including for example, tallow fat. Analogous structural variations are permissible for R². The substitution can include alkyl, aryl, halogen, nitrogen, sulphur and other typical substituent groups or organic compounds. R⁵ is preferably H or methyl. R¹ and R⁵ should not contain more than 18 carbon atoms total. Amide substituted bleach activator compounds of this type are described in EP-A-0170386.
Another class of bleach activators to use in combination with percarbonate comprises C₈, C₉, and/or C₁₀ (6-octanamidocaproyl) oxybenzenesulfonate, 2-phenyl-(4H)3,1 benzoxazin-4-one, benzoyllactam preferably benzoylcaprolactam and nonanoyl lactam preferably nonanoyl caprolactam.
In addition to percarbonate, the compositions herein may also contain another bleaching system such as perborate and activator, or a preformed organic peracid or perimidic acid, such as N,N-phthaloylaminoperoxy caproic acid, 2-carboxyphtaloylaminoperoxy caproic acid, N,N phthaloylaminoperoxy valeric -acid, Nonyl amide of peroxy adipic acid, 1,12 diperoxydodecanedoic acid, Peroxybenzoic acid and ring substituted peroxybenzoic acid, Monoperoxyphtalic acid (magnesium salt, hexhydrate), Diperoxybrassylic acid.

Polymers

Also useful are various organic polymers, some of which also may function as builders to improve detergency. Included among such polymers may be mentioned sodium carboxy-lower alkyl celluloses, sodium lower alkyl celluloses and sodium hydroxy-lower alkyl celluloses, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium methyl cellulose and sodium hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohols (which often also include some polyvinyl acetate), polyacrylamides, polyacrylates and various copolymers, such as those of maleic and acrylic acids. Molecular weights for such polymers vary widely but most are within the range of 2,000 to 100,000. Also very useful are terpolymers of maleic/acrylic acid and vinyl alcohol having a molecular weight ranging from 3.000 to 70.000.
Polymeric polycarboxylate builders are set forth in U.S. Patent 3,308,067, Diehl, issued March 7, 1967. Such materials include the water-soluble salts of homo-and copolymers of aliphatic carboxylic acids such as maleic acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, fumaric acid, aconitic acid, citraconic acid and methylenemalonic acid.
Other useful polymers include species known as soil release polymers, such as described in EPA 185 427 and EPA 311 342.
Still other polymers suitable for use herein include dye transfer inhibition polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrridine, N-oxide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-imidazole, polyvinyloxozolidone or polyvinylimidazole.

Other Enzymes

Enzymatic materials other than amylases and proteases can be incorporated into the detergent compositions herein. Suitable are lipases, cellulases and mixtures thereof.
A suitable lipase enzyme is manufactured and sold by Novo Nordisk A/S (Denmark) under the trade name Lipolase^R and mentioned along with other suitable lipases in EP-A-0258068 (Novo Nordisk A/S).
Suitable cellulases are described in e.g. WO-92/13057 (Novo).

Method of treating textiles

It has been found that the binary and/or ternary mixtures described above provide unexpectedly good performance, through a synergistic removal effect on such difficult stains as starch-based stains and blood stains, even at low temperatures.
Starch-based stains include chocolate stains, as well as typical kitchen stains such as mayonnaise, mustard, ice-cream, dairy products.
Such stains are very difficult to remove at low temperature, and the present invention provides for a method of treating textiles at all temperatures, including at low temperature, wherein a detergent composition according to the above description is used.
The invention also encompasses a similar method for treating fabrics to remove blood stains and fabrics stained with stains rich in blood.
According to the invention, a synergistic removal effect of particulate stains is also seen. With "particulate stains" is meant for instance peat clay, mud, high organic content clay mainly found in socks, sportswear.
Mucin_or mucin-protein based stains include female secretions and handkerchief stains (bronchial mucus).
Such stains are very difficult to remove at low temperature, and the present invention provides for a method of treating textiles at all temperatures, including at low temperature, wherein a detergent composition according to the above description is used.
The method for treating fabrics is typically a laundry machine washing operation, and can be conducted by any method well known in the art; a particularly preferred method includes the use of a reusable dispensing device, in which the detergent composition is put before the washing cycle, and which is placed in the drum of the washing machine together with the clothes to be washed, before starting the washing machine.

The following granular detergent compositions are prepared:

Composition:	I	II
45AS	11.0	14.0
Zeolite A	15.0	6.0
Carbonate	4.0	8.0
Maleic acrylic copolymer	4.0	2.0
CMC	0.5	0.5
DTPMA	0.4	0.4
AE5	5.0	5.0
Perfume	0.5	0.5
SKS 6	13.0	10.0
Citrate	3.0	1.0
TAED	7.0	7.0
Percarbonate (14.0% AvOx)	20.0	20.0
Soil release polymer	0.3	0.3
Savinase (4KNPU)	1.4	1.4
Lipolase (100,000LU)	0.4	0.4
Cellulase	0.6	0.6
Termamyl (60KU)	0.6	0.6
Silicone antifoam particle	5.0	5.0
Brightener	0.2	0.2
Density: 850g/L

Composition	III	IV	V
Zeolite A	15.0	15.0
Na2SO4	0.0	5.0
LAS	3.0	3.0
DTPMA	0.4	0.5
CMC	0.4	0.4
Maleic acrylic copolymer	4.0	4.0
45AS			11.0
LAS	6.0	5.0
TAS	3.0	2.0
Na2 Silicate	4.0	4.0
Zeolite A	10.0	15.0	13.0
CMC			0.5
Maleic acrylic copolymer			2.0
Na2 Carbonate	9.0	7.0	7.0
Perfume	0.3	0.3	0.5
AE7	4.0	4.0	4.0
AE3	2.0	2.0	2.0
Maleic acrylic copolymer			3.0
SKS 6			12.0
Citrate	10.0	0.0	8.0
Na Bicarbonate	7.0	3.0	5.0
Na2 Carbonate	8.0	5.0	7.0
PVP	0	0.5	0
PVPVI	0.2	0	0.25
PVNO	0.3	0	0.4
Savinase (4.0KNPU/g)	1.0	1.0	1.30
Lipolase (100.000LU/L)	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amylase (Termamyl) 60KNU/g	0.5	0.6	0.6
Carezyme	0.6	0.5	0.6
Silicone antifoam granule	5.0	5.0	5.0
Dry mixed Na2 Sulfate	0.0	9.0	0.0
Percarbonate	0.1	-	-
Balance (Moisture and Miscellaneous)	100.0	100.0	100.0
Density: 700g/L

Composition III, IV and V are gives as comparative examples

Composition:	VI	VII	VIII	IX	X	XI
Zeolite A	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
Na2SO4	0.0	5.0	0.0	0	0	0
LAS	3.0	3.0	3.0	3	3	3
DTPMA	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
CMC	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3
Maleic acrylic copolymer	4.0	2.0	2.0	0	0	0
Polyaspartate	0	0	0	4	4	0
Terpolymer maleic acid acrylic vinyl alcohol	0	0	0	0	0	4
LAS	5.0	5.0	5.0	5	5	5
TAS	2.0	2.0	2.0	2	2	2
Na2 Silicate	3.0	3.0	4.0	4	4	4
Zeolite A	8.0	8.0	8	5	6	8
Na2 Carbonate	8.0	8.0	4.0	4	4	4
Perfume	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
AE7	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2	2
AE3	2.0			2	2	2
Na2 Citrate	5.0	0.0	2.0	5	5	5
Na Bicarbonate		3.0	0.0	0	0	0
Na2 Carbonate	8.0	15.0	10.0	8	8	8
TAED	6.0	2.0	5.0	5	5	5
Percarbonate	14	20.0	10.0	5	5	5
Polyethylene oxide			0.2	0	0	0
Bentonite			10.0	0	0	0
Savinase (4.0 KNPU/g)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Lipolase (100.000 LU/L)	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amylase (Termamyl)	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.4
60KNU/g
Carezyme	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.3	0.2
Silicone antifoam granule	3.0	4.0	5	4	5	5
Dry mixed Na2 Sulfate	0.0	3.0	0.0	0	0	0
Balance (Moisture and Miscellaneous)	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Density: 700-850 g/L

Composition:	XII	XIII	XIV
Zeolite A	30.0	22.0	6.0
Na Sulfate	19.0	10.0	7.0
Maleic acrylic copolymer	3.0	3.0	6.0
LAS	14.0	12.0	22.0
45AS	8.0	7.0	7.0
Na2Silicate		1.0	5.0
Soap			2.0
Brightener	0.2	0.2	0.2
Na2 Carbonate	8.0	16.0	20.0
DTPMA		0.4	0.4
AE7	1.0	1.0	1.0
PVPVI	0.25	0	0.1
PVNO	0.2	0	0.2
PVP	0	0.5	0
Savinase (4.0 KNPU/g)	1.0	1.0	1.0
Lipolase (100.000 LU/L)	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amylase (Termamyl)	0.1	0.3	0.5
60KNU/g
NOBS		6.1	4.5
Percarbonate	1.0	3.0	3.0
Dry mixed Na2 Sulfate		6.0
Balance/Miscellaneous	100	100	100
Density: 500-600 g/L

EXAMPLES

Example 1: blood based stain removal

Launderometer test

2g/l finished product
40°C/8°H water
40 minutes wash cycle

STAIN TYPE PC₃ AMYLASE % STAIN REMOVAL

Meat Pate 14% 0.5% 80%

Meat Pate - 0.5% 24%

Meat Pate 14% - 45%

Example 2: stain removal from chocolate ice cream

Conditions

Washing machine test

40°C/8°H Hard Water
2Kg mixed ballast load

STAIN TYPE PERCARBONATE AMYLASE % STAIN REMOVAL

Chocolate ice cream 14.5% - 40%

Chocolate ice cream - 0.25% 25%

Chocolate ice cream 14.5% 0.25% 75%

Example 3: blood based stain removal

Conditions

Sotax test

40°C/15°H Hard Water
40 minutes wash cycle
No ballast load

STAIN TYPE PERCARBCNATE AMYLASE % STAIN REMOVAL

Beef stew 18% - 40%

Beef stew - 0.6% 20%

Beef stew 18% 0.6% 77%

Example 4 : chocolate ice cream stain removal

Conditions

Launderometer

2 g/l product
40°C/8°H water

40 min. wash cycle

Stain type	% Percarbonate	% amylase	% stain removal
Low fat choc ice cream with choc sauce	19	-	35
Low fat choc ice cream with choc sauce	-	0.6	20
Low fat choc ice cream with choc sauce	19	0.6	70
Low fat choc ice cream with choc sauce	19	0.3	60
Low fat choc ice cream with choc sauce	-	0.3	15
Low fat choc ice cream with choc sauce	19	0.03	35
Low fat choc ice cream with choc sauce	-	0.03	-

Example 5 : particulate stain removal

Conditions as mentioned under Example 4

Stain type	% Percarbonate	% amylase	% stain removal
Peat clay	19	-	25
Peat clay	-	0.6	35
Peat clay	19	0.6	75
Peat clay	-	0.03	-
Peat clay	19	0.03	25

In all of the above tests the measurements were made using a colour eye spectrophotometer.
The following formula was used to calculate stain removal: Washed stain - Unwashed stainClean fabric - Unwashed fabric x 100 = % stain removal (The standard LAB calculations were used in the above experiment)
The above clearly shows that the combined use of percarbonate and amylase provides a synergetic effect on the removal of difficult stains, such as blood stains and starch-based stains like chocolate and particulate stains like peat clay as well .

Example 6 : chocolate ice cream stain removal

Conditions

Launderometer :

amylase present at 0.1% in every testing
2 g/l product
40°C/8°H water

40 min wash cycle

Stain type	%percarbonate	% perborate	% protease	% stain removal
Full cream ice cream and choc sauce	20	-	-	30
Full cream ice cream and choc sauce	20	-	20	70
Full cream ice cream and choc sauce	-	-	20	20
Full cream ice cream and choc sauce	20	-	5	55
Full cream ice cream and choc sauce	-	-	5	15
Full cream ice cream and choc sauce	2.5	17.5	20	30
Full cream ice cream and choc sauce	2.5	17.5	-	10

Claims

A granular detergent composition comprising an alkali metal percarbonate and an amylase enzyme at a weight ratio of percarbonate (expressed as 13.5% AvOx) to amylase (expressed on an activity of about 60KNU/g) in the range of from 1:2 to 300:1 characterised in that the composition comprises from 1% to 40% by weight of the composition of an anionic surfactant; with the proviso that the percarbonate is not coated with a 14% by weight of ethyl cellulose with a substitution degree of 2.6
A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of percarbonate to amylase is from 1:2 to 60:1.
A composition according to claim 2 wherein the weight ratio of percarbonate to amylase is from 20:1 to 40:1.
A composition in accordance with claims 1-3 wherein said percarbonate has an average particle size of from 250 to 900 micrometers.
A composition in accordance with claims 1-4 which further contains a protease enzyme in a weight ratio protease (expressed on an activity of about 4 KNPU/g) to percarbonate (expressed as 13.5% AvOx) of from 5:1 to 1:60.
A composition according to claim 5 wherein the weight ratio of protease to percarbonate is from 2:1 to 1:10.
A composition in accordance with claims 1-6 which is a laundry detergent composition containing a builder, from 3 to 30% by weight of percarbonate and from 0.1 to 1% of amylase.
A composition in accordance with claims 1-6, which is an automatic dishwashing composition containing a builder, from 3 to 30% by weight of percarbonate and from 0.1 to 1% of amylase.
A composition in accordance with claims 1-6 which is a laundry detergent additive containing from 20 to 80% of the percarbonate, and from 0.1% to 2% of amylase.
A composition in accordance with any of the preceding claims, which is free of perborate.
A method for removing starch containing stains from textiles whereby said textiles are treated with a detergent composition according to claim 7.
A method for removing blood stains from textiles whereby said textiles are treated with a detergent composition according to claim 7.
A method for removing particulate stains from textiles whereby said textiles are treated with a detergent composition according to claim 7.
A method for removing mucin or mucin-protein containing stains from textiles whereby said textiles are treated with a detergent composition according to claim 7.
A method according to claims 11, 12, 13 or 14 whereby the detergent composition is put in a reusable dispensing device together with the clothes to be washed.