EP0718867B1 - Tube électronique à grille à performances améliorées - Google Patents
Tube électronique à grille à performances améliorées Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0718867B1 EP0718867B1 EP95402832A EP95402832A EP0718867B1 EP 0718867 B1 EP0718867 B1 EP 0718867B1 EP 95402832 A EP95402832 A EP 95402832A EP 95402832 A EP95402832 A EP 95402832A EP 0718867 B1 EP0718867 B1 EP 0718867B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electron tube
- tube according
- tube
- cavity
- cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
- H01J23/38—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the discharge
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J21/00—Vacuum tubes
- H01J21/02—Tubes with a single discharge path
- H01J21/06—Tubes with a single discharge path having electrostatic control means only
- H01J21/10—Tubes with a single discharge path having electrostatic control means only with one or more immovable internal control electrodes, e.g. triode, pentode, octode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
- H01J25/04—Tubes having one or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the modulation produced in the modulator zone is mainly density modulation, e.g. Heaff tube
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the grid tubes used in particular as television amplifiers, or in devices for industrial heating etc. These grid tubes are in particular of the triode type. or tetrode.
- FIG. 1a schematically represents a half-tetrode. She has cylindrical electrodes mounted coaxially around an axis XX '.
- the central electrode is the cathode K emitting electrons when heated.
- a screen grid G2 Around it is a G1 control grid, a screen grid G2 then an anode AN. In a triode, there is no screen grid.
- Cathode K and control grid G1 help form an input resonant cavity 1.
- the input resonant cavity 1 comprises an active zone 10 between the marks B and D and extends on both sides from this active zone 10 towards the foot of the tube between the marks D and E and towards its apex between marks A and B.
- the active zone corresponds to the zone where the electrons emitted by the cathode pass before crossing the grid command G1.
- Mark C shows the central part of the active area.
- the inlet cavity 1 comprises means 4 for introducing a signal to be amplified in the amplification application.
- the G2 screen grid and the anode AN contributes to form a resonant output cavity 2. It includes means 5 for extracting the amplified signal.
- the input 1 and output 2 resonant cavities are generally closed, at the foot of the tube, by a short-circuit piston mobile 3 which adjusts their resonant frequency
- the reactive surface currents I on the walls of the cavity do not are also not constant.
- the representation which is made on figure 1b of voltage V and reactive current I (in absolute value) corresponds to a length l of cavity between the reference A and the reference E equal to ⁇ / 4.
- n zero to simplify.
- Voltage V is shown in solid lines and the reactive current I in dotted lines.
- the voltage V and current I vary. This means that cathode K is not homogeneously stressed in its active part 10.
- the reactive current I is greater at the level of the mark D than at mark B. This implies that there is a heating of the tube in the part (mark D) of its active zone 10 most close to his foot while it is the least active part of active zone 10 requested. Indeed the peak current supplied is more important in B than in D.
- the height of the active area (BD interval) is limited by the frequency and the power of the tube.
- the power of the tube is limited because a compromise between the height of the active area 10 and the diameter of the cathode K.
- the most powerful tubes operating in UHF have a K cathode whose diameter is around 40 mm and the height of the active area is about 2 cm.
- Figure 2a schematically illustrates such a tube. This figure is comparable to figure 1a and the elements which correspond carry the same references.
- the inlet cavity 1 ' has been arranged between the marks A' and E '.
- the reference C ' which corresponds to the central part of the active area 10 is located on a voltage belly V and therefore a reactive current node l.
- the new inlet cavity 1 ' shown in Figure 2a has an active area 10 'between the marks B 'and D' and therefore extends on either side of the active zone 10 'towards the foot between the marks D 'and E' and towards the top between the marks A 'and B'.
- This inlet cavity 1 ' is now symmetrical with respect to a plane normal to the axis XX 'passing through reference C'.
- the inlet cavity 1 'shown in the Figure 2a is equivalent to two input cavities 1 of Figure 1a mounted head to tail.
- the outlet cavity 2 ' is also equivalent to two cavities of outlet of the tube of FIG. 1a mounted head to tail.
- the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks. She offers a grid tube which has electrical performance comparable to those of the tube of figure 2a but which is much more easy to manufacture, easier to install for the user, and therefore a lower price.
- the electronic tube according to the invention comprises electrodes generally cylindrical mounted coaxially around an axis, among which a cathode surrounded by a control grid.
- the cathode and the control grid help to define a resonant entry cavity comprising a zone active, this cavity extends on both sides of the active area.
- the cavity resonant input is folded back on itself, towards the axis, on one side of the zone active.
- the central part of the active area is subject to a belly of voltage.
- the inlet cavity ends in two ends which help to form the bottom of the tube.
- At least one end of the inlet cavity can be closed by a short-circuit piston so as to tune the frequency of the tube.
- the two ends of the cavity can be closed by a piston short circuit.
- At least one end of the tube can form an open circuit.
- at least one end of the tube may have a connected capacitance between the control grid and the cathode.
- the capacity may include a plated dielectric element against one of the two electrodes in question using a conductive clamping device in contact with the other electrode.
- the clamping device is removable and the value of capacity can be adjusted as required.
- the clamping device may include a conductive plug screwed into a collar secured to the other electrode.
- a spring can be used to improve the contact between the collar and the stopper.
- the dielectric element will advantageously have the form of a ring. It can be made of mica.
- Figure 3 shows schematically and partially a tube according to the invention.
- This tube conventionally includes electrodes generally cylindrical mounted coaxially around an axis XX '.
- a cathode K which emits electrons when it is heated.
- This cathode K is surrounded by a control grid G1, itself surrounded by a screen grid G2, itself surrounded by an anode AN.
- the emitted electrons are accelerated towards the AN anode and pass through the gates G1, G2.
- the cathode K and the control grid G1 help to define a input resonant cavity 34 into which a signal can be injected.
- the inlet cavity 34 has an active area 30 between the marks B 'and D'. It extends on either side of the active area 30 between the marks A ' and B 'and between the marks D' and E '.
- the electrodes are spaced from each other by means of spacers 33 insulators.
- These spacers 33 serve to electrically isolate the electrodes from each other, to hold them mechanically in position and to guarantee vacuum tightness at the active part 30 of the electrodes.
- the screen grid G2 and the anode A help to define a cavity resonant output 35 from which the amplified signal can be extracted.
- the cavity resonant output 35 is only partially shown to avoid overload the figure. This is the part of this outlet cavity 35 located at top 32 of the tube which has been omitted. In this example, the outlet cavity 35 is terminated by a tuning piston 37.
- the inlet cavity 34 is tuned so that the part center (mark C ') of the active zone 30 corresponds to a belly of tension as shown in Figures 4a and 4b.
- the resonant inlet cavity 34 is folded back on itself towards the axis XX 'on one side of the active zone 30.
- the part folded goes from mark B 'to mark A'.
- the inlet cavity 34 then has two ends, one radially outer (reference E '), the other inner radially (mark A ') and these two ends contribute to forming the foot 31 of the tube. Coaxiality problems no longer arise.
- Both ends of cathode K and control gate G1 terminate conventionally by collars respectively 38.39.
- One connector will be used to receive the tube.
- a tube according to the invention can then be easily manufactured and installed at low cost. Compared to the tube of the Figure 2a, the tube according to the invention will be more compact which is an advantage not negligible.
- the space inside the cathode is not used in the tubes classics. Here we house the folded part of the resonant inlet cavity 34.
- Frequency matching of the input cavity 34 can be achieved by at least one short-circuit piston 36.
- the two ends of the inlet cavity 34 are closed by such a piston.
- the cavity input 34 is then granted in half-wave.
- Figure 4a shows very schematically the inlet cavity 34 and Figure 4b illustrates the variation of the voltage V and the reactive current I (in absolute value) as a function of the electrical length I of the cavity.
- the two short circuit pistons are located at the marks A 'and E'.
- the configuration with the two short-circuit pistons 36 allows generally to obtain low frequencies in the UHF range, for example between 450 and 550 MHz.
- At least one of the ends of the inlet cavity 34 forms an open circuit. It's that illustrated in FIG. 5. It shows an inlet cavity 34 between the marks A ' summer'. One of its ends ends in an open circuit at the mark A '. This is the inner end. A short circuit piston 36 closes the outer end of the inlet cavity 34 at the mark E '.
- a conductive bottom 50 closes the inner end of the control grid G1 and the inner end of the cathode K is conventionally ends with a collar 38.
- the reference A ' is located near axis XX '. At this point, the voltage V is maximum.
- the inlet cavity 34 is then tuned in three-quarter wave, as shown in Figure 6b in conjunction with Figure 6a. Between the mark A 'and the mark C' the electrical length is ⁇ / 2.
- a capacity 70 has risen to the inner end of the cavity. It comprises a dielectric element 71, in mica for example, which is pressed against the collar 38 of cathode K using of a conductive clamping device 75.
- the clamping device is preferably removable.
- the dielectric element 71 has the shape of a ring. His thickness measured along axis XX 'and its surface in contact with the collar 38 determine the value of the capacity.
- the clamping device 75 is electrically and mechanically connected to the control grid G1.
- the clamping device 75 has a conductive plug 72 which comes in contact with the dielectric ring 71 and clamping means 73 such than a screw.
- the screw is screwed into a bore 74 carried by the collar 39 of the G1 control grid.
- the bore 74 is centered on the axis XX '.
- the collar 38 of cathode K and plug 72 form the reinforcements of the capacitor.
- An annular spring 76 can be provided to ensure good contact between the plug 72 and the periphery of the collar 39 of the grid command G1.
- the plug 72 fits around the periphery of the collar 39 of the control grid G1.
- the capacity 70 is at the level of the reference A '. At this level, there is a tension belly and a current node.
- the electrical length between the mark A 'and mark C' is between ⁇ / 4 and ⁇ / 2.
- a dielectric spacer 33 has been provided between the collar 38 of cathode K and that of the control grid G1 39 to guarantee vacuum tightness.
- the value of the capacity 70 depends on the thickness and the area of the dielectric ring. The greater the thickness, the greater the capacity is low.
- the clamping device 75 can be removable and a change of capacity is easy. The description which has just been made of the capacity is just an example and other variations of the clamping device in particular can be envisaged without departing from the scope of the invention as it is defined by the appended claims.
Landscapes
- Microwave Tubes (AREA)
- Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
Description
- les figures 1a et 1b, déjà décrites, respectivement une représentation schématique d'une tétrode de type connu et un graphique de la tension et du courant présents dans la cavité d'entrée;
- les figures 2a et 2b, déjà décrites, respectivement, une représentation schématique d'un tube connu formé de deux tétrodes tête-bêche et un graphique de la tension et du courant présents dans la cavité d'entrée;
- la figure 3 une coupe partielle d'un tube selon l'invention ;
- les figures 4a et 4b respectivement une représentation schématique du tube de la figure 3 et un graphique de la tension et du courant présents dans la cavité d'entrée;
- la figure 5 une coupe partielle d'une variante d'un tube selon l'invention ;
- les figures 6a et 6b respectivement une représentation schématique du tube de la figure 5 et un graphique de la tension et du courant présents dans la cavité d'entrée;
- la figure 7 une coupe partielle d'une autre variante d'un tube selon l'invention ;
- les figures 8a et 8b respectivement une représentation schématique du tube de la figure 7 et un graphique de la tension et du courant présents dans la cavité d'entrée.
Claims (14)
- Tube électronique comportant des électrodes (K,G1) globalement cylindriques montées coaxialement autour d'un axe (XX') parmi lesquelles une cathode (K) entourée d'une grille de commande (G1), la cathode (K) et la grille de commande (G1) contribuant à délimiter une cavité résonante d'entrée (34) comportant une zone active (30) et se prolongeant de part et d'autre de la zone active (30), la partie centrale (C') de la zone active (30) correspondant à un ventre de tension, caractérisé en ce que la cavité résonante d'entrée (34) est repliée sur elle-même, vers l'axe (XX'), d'un côté de la zone active (30).
- Tube électronique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la cavité d'entrée (34) se termine par deux extrémités (A',E'), les extrémités (A', E') contribuant à former le pied (31) du tube.
- Tube électronique selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une des extrémités (A') de la cavité d'entrée (34) est munie d'un piston de court-circuit (36).
- Tube électronique selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une des extrémités (A') de la cavité d'entrée est un circuit ouvert.
- Tube électronique selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le circuit ouvert est situé au niveau de l'axe XX'.
- Tube électronique selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une des extrémités (A') de la cavité d'entrée se termine par une capacité (70) connectée entre la grille de commande (G1) et la cathode (K).
- Tube électronique selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la capacité (70) comporte un élément diélectrique (71) plaqué contre une des deux électrodes (K) en question à l'aide d'un dispositif de serrage (75) conducteur et en contact avec l'autre électrode (G1).
- Tube électronique selon la revendication 7 caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de serrage (75) est amovible.
- Tube électronique selon l'une des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de serrage (75) comporte un bouchon (72) conducteur vissé dans un collet (39) solidaire de l'autre électrode (G1).
- Tube électronique selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'un ressort (76) améliore le contact entre le bouchon et le collet (39).
- Tube électronique selon l'une des revendications 7 à 10 caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de serrage (75) et l'élément diélectrique (71) sont dans l'air.
- Tube électronique selon l'une des revendications 6 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'élément diélectrique (71) est en forme d'anneau.
- Tube électronique selon l'une des revendications 6 à 12, caractérisé en ce que l'élément diélectrique (71) est en mica.
- Tube électronique selon l'une des revendications 6 à 13 caractérisé en ce que la valeur de la capacité (70) est ajustable .
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9415319A FR2728386B1 (fr) | 1994-12-20 | 1994-12-20 | Tube electronique a grille a performances ameliorees |
FR9415319 | 1994-12-20 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0718867A1 EP0718867A1 (fr) | 1996-06-26 |
EP0718867B1 true EP0718867B1 (fr) | 1998-01-28 |
Family
ID=9469987
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95402832A Expired - Lifetime EP0718867B1 (fr) | 1994-12-20 | 1995-12-15 | Tube électronique à grille à performances améliorées |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5682084A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0718867B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1067798C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69501549T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2728386B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2733856B1 (fr) * | 1995-05-05 | 1997-08-29 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | Cathode pour canon a electrons a grille, grille destinee a etre associee avec une telle cathode et canon a electrons comportant une telle cathode |
US6084353A (en) * | 1997-06-03 | 2000-07-04 | Communications And Power Industries, Inc. | Coaxial inductive output tube having an annular output cavity |
FR2775118B1 (fr) | 1998-02-13 | 2000-05-05 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | Grille pour tube electronique a faisceau axial a performances ameliorees |
GB9806129D0 (en) * | 1998-03-24 | 1998-05-20 | Eev Ltd | Electron beam tubes |
FR2789800B1 (fr) | 1999-02-16 | 2001-05-11 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | Generateur radiofrequence de tres grande puissance |
FR2828007B1 (fr) | 2001-07-27 | 2004-02-13 | Thales Sa | Dispositif d'amplification d'un signal haute frequence |
CN115579156B (zh) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-06-23 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | 一种适用于金属陶瓷四极管的调试平台 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2368031A (en) * | 1940-03-15 | 1945-01-23 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electron discharge device |
BE473837A (fr) * | 1940-07-16 | |||
BE468391A (fr) * | 1941-03-11 | |||
US2539210A (en) * | 1946-01-12 | 1951-01-23 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electronic tube apparatus embodying a cavity resonator |
US2870374A (en) * | 1954-05-26 | 1959-01-20 | Itt | Microwave electron discharge tubes |
FR2255698B1 (fr) * | 1973-12-21 | 1977-08-19 | Thomson Csf | |
FR2538612B1 (fr) * | 1982-12-23 | 1985-10-04 | Thomson Csf | Cavites coaxiales resonnantes pour tubes a grilles |
NL8501242A (nl) * | 1985-05-02 | 1986-12-01 | Philips Nv | Elektronenbuis. |
FR2695755B1 (fr) * | 1992-09-11 | 1994-10-28 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | Tube électronique à structure radiale. |
-
1994
- 1994-12-20 FR FR9415319A patent/FR2728386B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-03-20 US US08/406,598 patent/US5682084A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-15 EP EP95402832A patent/EP0718867B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-15 DE DE69501549T patent/DE69501549T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-20 CN CN95120498A patent/CN1067798C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1129847A (zh) | 1996-08-28 |
FR2728386B1 (fr) | 1997-01-24 |
FR2728386A1 (fr) | 1996-06-21 |
US5682084A (en) | 1997-10-28 |
DE69501549T2 (de) | 1998-05-14 |
CN1067798C (zh) | 2001-06-27 |
EP0718867A1 (fr) | 1996-06-26 |
DE69501549D1 (de) | 1998-03-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
FR2547456A1 (fr) | Tube a faisceau d'electrons module en densite avec un gain accru | |
EP0718867B1 (fr) | Tube électronique à grille à performances améliorées | |
FR2597266A1 (fr) | Antenne a large bande | |
EP0119362B1 (fr) | Cavités coaxiales résonnantes pour tube à grilles | |
CN100483933C (zh) | 场致发射射频放大器 | |
WO2009083540A1 (fr) | Protection d'une electrode de tube electronique | |
EP0082769A1 (fr) | Multiplicateur de fréquence | |
EP1030341A1 (fr) | Générateur radiofréquence de très grande puissance | |
EP0295981B1 (fr) | Accélérateur d'électrons à nappe | |
FR2767015A1 (fr) | Four a micro-onde equipe d'un dispositif pour produire une energie hyperfrequence | |
EP0013204A1 (fr) | Filtre de bande de fréquence | |
FR2828007A1 (fr) | Dispositif d'amplification d'un signal haute frequence | |
WO2009083214A1 (fr) | Accord d'un tube electronique | |
BE438700A (fr) | ||
BE382255A (fr) | ||
FR2526232A1 (fr) | Perfectionnements apportes aux cavites resonnantes du type lignes de transmission | |
FR2649533A1 (fr) | Tube a grille a sortie sur cavites couplees, avec element de couplage integre au tube | |
BE473139A (fr) | ||
BE478599A (fr) | ||
CH102156A (fr) | Dispositif à décharges d'électrons. | |
BE546506A (fr) | ||
BE474446A (fr) | ||
BE474640A (fr) | ||
FR2763176A1 (fr) | Appareil oscillateur a haute frequence | |
BE496098A (fr) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19960611 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19970407 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19980129 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69501549 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19980305 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20061207 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080701 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20121212 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20131215 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20131215 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20141208 Year of fee payment: 20 |