EP0717593A1 - Repellant material - Google Patents
Repellant materialInfo
- Publication number
- EP0717593A1 EP0717593A1 EP94925586A EP94925586A EP0717593A1 EP 0717593 A1 EP0717593 A1 EP 0717593A1 EP 94925586 A EP94925586 A EP 94925586A EP 94925586 A EP94925586 A EP 94925586A EP 0717593 A1 EP0717593 A1 EP 0717593A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- skin
- repellant
- gel
- forming agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000077 insect repellent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 240000004460 Tanacetum coccineum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- ROVGZAWFACYCSP-MQBLHHJJSA-N [2-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2z)-penta-2,4-dienyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl] (1r,3r)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical group CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(C)C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC1C(C)=C(C\C=C/C=C)C(=O)C1 ROVGZAWFACYCSP-MQBLHHJJSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229940015367 pyrethrum Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 piperonyl alkoxide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960005235 piperonyl butoxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical group O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VQXSOUPNOZTNAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrethrin I Natural products CC(=CC1CC1C(=O)OC2CC(=O)C(=C2C)CC=C/C=C)C VQXSOUPNOZTNAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- HYJYGLGUBUDSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrethrin Natural products CCC(=O)OC1CC(=C)C2CC3OC3(C)C2C2OC(=O)C(=C)C12 HYJYGLGUBUDSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VJFUPGQZSXIULQ-XIGJTORUSA-N pyrethrin II Chemical group CC1(C)[C@H](/C=C(\C)C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H]1C(C)=C(C\C=C/C=C)C(=O)C1 VJFUPGQZSXIULQ-XIGJTORUSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl carbitol 6-propylpiperonyl ether Chemical group C1=C(CCC)C(COCCOCCOCCCC)=CC2=C1OCO2 FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 2
- NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl phthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001631 piper nigrum l. fruit oil black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010668 rosemary oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940058206 rosemary oil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- WCRJKGNDKPYMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(cyclohepten-1-yl)-2-n-octylcyclohept-2-ene-1,2-dicarboxamide Chemical compound C1CCCC(C(N)=O)C(C(=O)NCCCCCCCC)=C1C1=CCCCCC1 WCRJKGNDKPYMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000255930 Chironomidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000256113 Culicidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000010201 Exanthema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006877 Insect Bites and Stings Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MMOXZBCLCQITDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC(C)=C1 MMOXZBCLCQITDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019502 Orange oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010042496 Sunburn Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phthalate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001826 dimethylphthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000005884 exanthem Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010502 orange oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000046 skin rash Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
- A61K8/733—Alginic acid; Salts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
- A61Q17/02—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings containing insect repellants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a repellant material, and in particular to a material having insect repelling properties.
- compositions which repel insects and can be applied to the skin normally contain diethyltoluamide (deet), dimethylphthalate, di-N-propylisocinchomerate, N-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboxamide or mixtures of these compounds as the active ingredient having the desired insect repelling properties.
- deet diethyltoluamide
- dimethylphthalate di-N-propylisocinchomerate
- N-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboxamide or mixtures of these compounds as the active ingredient having the desired insect repelling properties.
- insect repellents containing vegetable extracts are safer to use but are less effective in repelling insects and have only a low protection time. Moreover, this type of insect repellant tends to be oily or greasy.
- a repellant material composition comprising an insect repellant and a gel forming agent.
- the composition is suitable for application to the skin and has a particularly long-lasting effect.
- the composition according to the invention is capable of drying to form a microfilm layer on the skin, the layer being at least partially water-resistant and a residue with the ability to repel insects remains on the skin after washing.
- the microfilm layer forms a physical barrier, preventing insect bites.
- the repellent material comprises a pyrethrin (for example pyrethrum) which is effective in repelling insects.
- a piperonyl alkoxide is included in the composition and acts synergistically with the pyrethrin to promote the insect-repelling properties of the composition.
- the alkoxide has up to 10 carbon atoms, for example 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the gel-forming agent may be any suitable agent capable of forming a gel. Generally the gel formed should not liquify when heated to a temperature lower than 40°C.
- suitable gel-forming agents include polymeric compounds such as cellulose, cellulose derivates, alginate and the like.
- the preferred gel-forming agent is alginate.
- the composition may further include collagen or glycerine as a component. Addition of 0.01 to 10% by weight of collagen or glycerine promotes adherence of the dried layer of gel composition on the skin. Generally, 0.5 to 2% by weight of glycerine will produce satisfactory results.
- binders eg. resins
- viscosifiers e.g. resins
- buffers osmotic regulators
- surfactants emulsifiers
- dispersants dyes, pigments or colorants
- perfumes or essential oils and the like.
- sesame oil orange oil, rosemary oil, black pepper oil and the like which may be included in the composition to produce a pleasant smelling gel.
- Certain essential oils are also useful to prevent stinging, which is especially useful where the skin has already been bitten by insects .
- the composition may further include sunscreening components.
- sunscreening components are well-known to those skilled in the art, but particular reference is made to titanium dioxide for inclusion in the present composition to impart sunscreening properties thereto.
- the present composition may be made to impart a recognised degree of protection from sunburn as required, for example the composition may be made to Factor 10 or 20.
- composition according to the present invention may be applied to the skin and forms a non-toxic layer of active substance which has the ability to repel insects, such as flying insects for example mosquitos, gnats and midges.
- the layer of composition on the skin is dry, non-greasy and has a protection time of approximately 6 hours.
- composition In addition to being repellent to insects the composition is insecticidal on contact.
- the present invention also provides a method of producing the composition described above, said method comprising admixing an insect repellant and a gel-forming agent.
- the present invention provides a method of repelling insects from a surface, said method comprising applying a composition as described above to said surface.
- the present invention provides the use of a composition as described above to repel insects.
- the ingredients are blended together into a non-greasy gel which can be applied to the skin to repel insects.
- titanium dioxide may be added to either composition to provide the required degree of protection from the sun.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
There is provided a repellant material composition comprising an insect repellant and a gel forming agent, wherein said insect repellant is pyrethrum. The composition is suitable for application to the skin and has a particularly long-lasting effect. The composition according to the invention is further capable of drying to form a microfilm layer on the skin, the layer being at least partially water-resistant, and a residue with the ability to repel insects remains on the skin after washing.
Description
"Repellant Material"
The present invention relates to a repellant material, and in particular to a material having insect repelling properties.
Known compositions which repel insects and can be applied to the skin normally contain diethyltoluamide (deet), dimethylphthalate, di-N-propylisocinchomerate, N-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboxamide or mixtures of these compounds as the active ingredient having the desired insect repelling properties. However, although such compounds are effective in repelling insects they have the disadvantage that they can cause irritation to the skin and skin rashes. In extreme cases more severe illness, possibly leading to death, can result.
Other insect repellents containing vegetable extracts are safer to use but are less effective in repelling insects and have only a low protection time. Moreover, this type of insect repellant tends to be oily or greasy.
In addition many of the conventional insect repelling
compositions are completely washed away upon exposure to water or aqueous solutions.
According to the present invention there is provided a repellant material composition comprising an insect repellant and a gel forming agent. The composition is suitable for application to the skin and has a particularly long-lasting effect. The composition according to the invention is capable of drying to form a microfilm layer on the skin, the layer being at least partially water-resistant and a residue with the ability to repel insects remains on the skin after washing. In addition, the microfilm layer forms a physical barrier, preventing insect bites.
By mixing certain compounds, properties can be produced which affect certain organisms and these properties are not known to be associated with the individual components of the mixture.
Preferably the repellent material comprises a pyrethrin (for example pyrethrum) which is effective in repelling insects. In a preferred embodiment, a piperonyl alkoxide is included in the composition and acts synergistically with the pyrethrin to promote the insect-repelling properties of the composition. Preferably the alkoxide has up to 10 carbon atoms, for example 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
The gel-forming agent may be any suitable agent capable of forming a gel. Generally the gel formed should not liquify when heated to a temperature lower than 40°C. suitable gel-forming agents include polymeric compounds such as cellulose, cellulose derivates, alginate and the like. The preferred gel-forming agent is alginate.
Optionally the composition may further include collagen or glycerine as a component. Addition of 0.01 to 10% by weight of collagen or glycerine promotes adherence of the dried layer of gel composition on the skin. Generally, 0.5 to 2% by weight of glycerine will produce satisfactory results.
Additionally further ingredients may be included. For example, binders (eg. resins), viscosifiers, buffers, osmotic regulators, surfactants, emulsifiers, dispersants, dyes, pigments or colorants, perfumes or essential oils, and the like. Mention may be made of sesame oil, orange oil, rosemary oil, black pepper oil and the like which may be included in the composition to produce a pleasant smelling gel. Certain essential oils (such as, for example, rosemary oil and black pepper oil) are also useful to prevent stinging, which is especially useful where the skin has already been bitten by insects .
In one embodiment the composition may further include sunscreening components. Suitable sunscreening components are well-known to those skilled in the art, but particular reference is made to titanium dioxide for inclusion in the present composition to impart sunscreening properties thereto. The present composition may be made to impart a recognised degree of protection from sunburn as required, for example the composition may be made to Factor 10 or 20.
The composition according to the present invention may be applied to the skin and forms a non-toxic layer of active substance which has the ability to repel insects, such as flying insects for example mosquitos, gnats and midges. The layer of composition on the skin
is dry, non-greasy and has a protection time of approximately 6 hours.
In addition to being repellent to insects the composition is insecticidal on contact.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a method of producing the composition described above, said method comprising admixing an insect repellant and a gel-forming agent.
In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method of repelling insects from a surface, said method comprising applying a composition as described above to said surface.
In a yet further aspect, the present invention provides the use of a composition as described above to repel insects.
The following Examples further illustrate the invention in a non-limiting manner.
% by weight
6.5
0.47
3.74
0.47
88.82
100.00
The ingredients are blended together into a non-greasy gel which can be applied to the skin to repel insects. titanium dioxide may be added to either composition to provide the required degree of protection from the sun.
Claims
1. A repellant material composition comprising an insect repellant and a gel forming agent, wherein said insect repellant is pyrethrin.
2. A composition as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said gel-forming agent is alginate.
3. A composition as claimed in either of Claims 1 and 2 further comprising a piperonyl alkoxide.
4. A composition as claimed in Claim 3 wherein said piperonyl alkoxide is piperonyl butoxide.
5. A composition as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 4 further comprising glycerine.
6. A composition as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 5 further comprising a sunscreening component.
7. A composition as claimed in Claim 6 wherein titanium dioxide is present as said sunscreening component.
8. A repellant material composition substantially as hereinbefore described.
9. A method of producing a composition as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 8, said method comprising admixing pyrethrum and a gel-forming agent.
10. A method of producing a repellant material composition as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 8 substantially as hereinbefore described.
11. A method of repelling insects from a surface, said method comprising applying a composition as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 8 to said surface.
12. The use of a composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 8 to repel insects.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9318869 | 1993-09-11 | ||
| GB939318869A GB9318869D0 (en) | 1993-09-11 | 1993-09-11 | Repellant material |
| PCT/GB1994/001961 WO1995007024A1 (en) | 1993-09-11 | 1994-09-08 | Repellant material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0717593A1 true EP0717593A1 (en) | 1996-06-26 |
Family
ID=10741871
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94925586A Withdrawn EP0717593A1 (en) | 1993-09-11 | 1994-09-08 | Repellant material |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0717593A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7544794A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2171452A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9318869D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995007024A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA946931B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19722196C1 (en) | 1997-05-27 | 1998-10-22 | Karl Engelhard Fabrik Pharm Pr | Di:ethyl-meta-toluamide based insect repellent composition |
| US20030194454A1 (en) | 1998-07-28 | 2003-10-16 | Bessette Steven M. | Pesticidal compositions containing rosemary oil and wintergreen oil |
| KR20000066615A (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2000-11-15 | 박창진 | Non-toxic insecticidal cosmetic composition |
| ES2153777B1 (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2001-11-16 | Tudela Bernardo Hernandez | NEW FLYING INSECTS AHUYENTADOR PRODUCT. |
| DE10320505A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2004-11-25 | Bayer Healthcare Ag | Means for controlling parasites on animals |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4393048A (en) * | 1980-02-15 | 1983-07-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Protective gel composition for wounds |
| DE3021725A1 (en) * | 1980-06-10 | 1981-12-17 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | AGENT FOR CONTROLLING ANIMAL EECTOPARASITES WITH A STRONG RESIDUAL EFFECT |
| JPS5742613A (en) * | 1980-08-29 | 1982-03-10 | Lion Corp | External embrocating agent |
| GB8612826D0 (en) * | 1986-05-27 | 1986-07-02 | Boots Co Plc | Insecticidal compositions |
| FR2599220A1 (en) * | 1986-05-29 | 1987-12-04 | Aerosols Ste Mediterraneenne | New parasiticidal composition having prolonged effect for prevention or external treatment in man and warm-blooded animals |
| AU610906B2 (en) * | 1987-07-31 | 1991-05-30 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Method for preventing harm from bloodsucking insects |
| CH676412A5 (en) * | 1988-01-27 | 1991-01-31 | Serge Andre Leuthold |
-
1993
- 1993-09-11 GB GB939318869A patent/GB9318869D0/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-09-08 EP EP94925586A patent/EP0717593A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-09-08 WO PCT/GB1994/001961 patent/WO1995007024A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-09-08 AU AU75447/94A patent/AU7544794A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-09-08 CA CA002171452A patent/CA2171452A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-09-08 ZA ZA946931A patent/ZA946931B/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9507024A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1995007024A1 (en) | 1995-03-16 |
| AU7544794A (en) | 1995-03-27 |
| ZA946931B (en) | 1995-05-25 |
| CA2171452A1 (en) | 1995-03-16 |
| GB9318869D0 (en) | 1993-10-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19960411 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): ES FR GB GR IE IT PT SE |
|
| D17P | Request for examination filed (deleted) | ||
| R17P | Request for examination filed (corrected) |
Effective date: 19960411 |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19960820 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19961231 |