EP0715553B1 - Valve, in particular expansion valve for refrigerating systems, and a method for the manufacture thereof - Google Patents
Valve, in particular expansion valve for refrigerating systems, and a method for the manufacture thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0715553B1 EP0715553B1 EP94925359A EP94925359A EP0715553B1 EP 0715553 B1 EP0715553 B1 EP 0715553B1 EP 94925359 A EP94925359 A EP 94925359A EP 94925359 A EP94925359 A EP 94925359A EP 0715553 B1 EP0715553 B1 EP 0715553B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve according
- valve
- housing
- stainless steel
- soldering
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical group [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OGSYQYXYGXIQFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni].[Mo] OGSYQYXYGXIQFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001311547 Patina Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- -1 chromium carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GVEHJMMRQRRJPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(2+);methanidylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr+2].[Cr]#[C-].[Cr]#[C-] GVEHJMMRQRRJPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005802 health problem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
- F25B41/33—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by the fluid pressure, e.g. by the pressure of the refrigerant
- F25B41/335—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by the fluid pressure, e.g. by the pressure of the refrigerant via diaphragms
Definitions
- the invention relates to a valve, in particular expansion valve for refrigeration systems, with a housing and at least one connecting piece, which are connected to one another by soldering, and to a method for its production (see, for example, US-A-4 521 948).
- the expansion valves on the market have a housing made of brass, into which connection pieces made of copper may be soldered. Such brass casings change color on the surface due to the so-called "patina”. This is undesirable in the food industry and for other applications. In addition, the visual impression suffers. For this reason it is known to provide the surface with a nickel layer. However, it is said that it can lead to health problems, namely to the very widespread nickel allergy. In addition, one carefully observes the heavy metals in the natural food chain, whereby nickel salts are suspected of being able to cause cancer.
- the invention has for its object to provide a valve of the type described above, which is more suitable for practice.
- At least the housing and all sockets are deep-drawn parts made of stainless steel, which is so low in carbon that it is practically insensitive to intergranular corrosion despite the heat treatment during soldering.
- Stainless steel as defined in DIN 17441, contains at least 12% chromium. It does not tend to discolour. It is environmentally friendly and does not give rise to health concerns. However, it is necessary to use a very low-carbon steel, because otherwise the heat treatment associated with the soldering process will result in sensitization (for example, through the precipitation of chromium carbide) to the so-called intergranular corrosion that occurs in damp or water vapor-containing environments and ultimately the strength and tightness of the valve is affected. However, if you choose a low proportion of carbon, machining the steel becomes more difficult and more expensive than with larger amounts of carbon. For this reason, the housing and connecting piece are designed as deep-drawn parts. Overall, this results in a valve (expansion valve, solenoid valve, non-return valve, etc.) that is not only suitable in refrigeration systems, but also in the food industry and under similar conditions of use.
- a valve expansion valve, solenoid valve, non-return valve, etc.
- the stainless steel can contain chromium and nickel and in particular can be a chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel.
- Nickel improves the deep-drawing and soldering properties.
- Molybdenum counteracts crevice and stress corrosion.
- the above-mentioned chromium carbides are formed at temperatures between 500 ° and 900 ° C, the highest rate of precipitation being between 600 ° and 700 ° C. How long it is allowed to work in these areas depends on the carbon content of the steel. In particular, it is recommended that the stainless steel contain less than 0.05% C. Then a soldering time of 6 to 7 minutes is permissible, as is typical for a soldering process between 600 ° and 700 ° C. However, if the soldering is carried out at higher temperatures and if the critical temperature range is passed faster during cooling, somewhat higher C components, such as 0.055 or 0.06% C, can also be accepted.
- other elements such as P, S, Si and / or Mn can be added in the usual small amounts.
- the stainless steel contains less than 0.05% C.
- the connector has a flange that is soldered to the outer surface of the housing.
- the flanges form a large-area contact with the housing, which enables secure attachment even with thin-walled nozzles, such as those that result from deep drawing.
- the housing can have an outer flange on the end face to which the bottom ring of a membrane box, which is also deformed without cutting, is soldered or attached by laser welding.
- other non-cutting parts can also be attached to the housing.
- a copper-containing alloy and in particular a silver-containing copper solder known per se is recommended as the solder. You can therefore work with conventional soldering methods.
- At least some deep-drawn parts have a copper layer. This improves the soldering behavior.
- the sockets have on their inside a copper layer extending to the free end.
- a copper layer provides a tight and firm connection, particularly when a copper pipe is connected.
- Relatively small layer thicknesses of the order of 10 to 100 ⁇ m are sufficient.
- a method for producing a valve is characterized in that at least the housing and the at least one connecting piece made of flat boards, which consist of stainless, low-carbon steel, are deep-drawn and then soldered to one another.
- the production of deep-drawn parts from such blanks is a particularly cheap manufacturing process.
- circuit boards coated with copper on one side are used at least for the production of the connecting pieces.
- the connector in question is then continuously coated with a copper layer.
- the illustrated valve 1 is an expansion valve for a refrigeration system. It has a housing 2 with three connections, namely a connection 3 for the inflowing liquid refrigerant, a connection 4 for the outflowing vaporous refrigerant and a connection 5 for connecting a sensor line. All nozzles have an outer flange 6, 7 and 8, with which they are soldered over a large area on the outside of the housing. One end of the housing 2 is closed by a membrane box 9, the bottom ring 10 of which is soldered to an outer flange 11 of the housing 2. A cover plate 12 of the membrane box is connected to a sensor 14 via a capillary tube 13. The membrane 15 is therefore from above under the evaporation pressure of the liquid in the sensor 14 and from below under the pressure of the refrigerant, which is detected on the nozzle 5, and a spring, not shown.
- All parts of the valve 1 shown in Fig. 1 are made of stainless steel with such a low carbon content that there are practically no precipitates on the finished valve which could later lead to intercrystalline corrosion.
- the housing 2 and the connecting pieces 3, 4 and 5 are formed as deep-drawn parts, while the base ring 10 and the cover 12 are stamped and embossed parts.
- a steel with the material number 1.4404 (DIN 17440 short name X2CrNiMo1810; DIN 17441 short name X2CrNiMo17132) is used, which improves the deep-drawing and soldering properties due to its nickel content and counteracts crevice and stress corrosion due to the low carbon content in connection with the molybdenum content.
- the C content is ⁇ 0.06%, preferably ⁇ 0.05%, in order not to trigger intergranular corrosion when soldering, that the chromium content is greater than 12%, in order to bring about the rust and acid resistance, and that sufficient nickel content is provided to obtain a thermoformable material.
- Fig. 2 it is shown using the example of the nozzle 4 that the inside of the nozzle 16 is provided with a solder layer 16 made of copper.
- the material of the solder layer was already applied to the steel plate from which the sockets 3, 4 and 5 were deep drawn.
- the starting point can be a board with a small thickness, for example 0.75 mm, made of copper-plated stainless steel with a copper layer thickness of 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the solder layer therefore extends from the free end of the socket to the side to be soldered the flanges 6, 7 and 8.
- the soldering can take place in an oven at relatively high temperatures, for example at 1000 ° C.
- solder layer 16 facilitates this process.
- a conventional solder can be used here, for example a copper solder mixed with 15% silver, as sold under the trade name Silfoss 15. This solder melts at around 700 ° C. This temperature can be easily achieved with a welding torch at the free end of the respective nozzle.
- this temperature does not affect the heat-sensitive parts of the valve because the low thermal conductivity of the nozzle and the housing prevents this.
- the membrane box 9 provided with its filling is extremely sensitive to temperature. Their limit temperature is only 100 ° C.
- the procedure is such that the deep-drawn housing 2 is connected to the base plate 10 and the three connecting pieces 3, 4 and 5 by soldering. Then the internals are introduced into the valve housing 2 and finally the membrane box 9 is completed by fitting the membrane and the cover 12 connected to the sensor 14 via the capillary tube 13. The heat-sensitive filler is then filled into the sensor system.
- the valve is now ready for use. It is connected in place to the connecting pipes 17 by inserting them into the connecting pieces or by pushing them onto the connecting pipes and finally fixing them to them by soldering.
- the internals can also be inserted into the housing 2 from below.
- the connector 3 is then only attached to the housing 2. If the internals are sensitive to heat, the last part to be attached can also be attached by a welding process that is less heat-intensive than a soldering process, e.g. through laser welding.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Valve Housings (AREA)
- Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
- Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Details Of Valves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Ventil, insbesondere Expansionsventil für Kälteanlagen, mit einem Gehäuse und mindestens einem Stutzen, die durch Lötung miteinander verbunden sind, sowie auf ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung (siehe z.B. US-A-4 521 948).The invention relates to a valve, in particular expansion valve for refrigeration systems, with a housing and at least one connecting piece, which are connected to one another by soldering, and to a method for its production (see, for example, US-A-4 521 948).
Die auf dem Markt befindlichen Expansionsventile weisen ein Gehäuse aus Messing auf, in das gegebenenfalls Anschlußstutzen aus Kupfer eingelötet sind. Solche Messinggehäuse verfärben sich an der Oberfläche durch die sogenannte "Patina". Dies ist in der Lebensmittelindustrie und bei anderen Anwendungszwecken unerwünscht. Außerdem leidet der optische Eindruck. Aus diesem Grund ist es bekannt, die Oberfläche mit einer Nickelschicht zu versehen. Dieser wird aber nachgesagt, daß sie zu gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen führen kann, nämlich zur sehr verbreiteten Nickelallergie. Außerdem beobachtet man sorgfältig die Schwermetalle in der Natur-Nahrungs-Kette, wobei Nickelsalze verdächtigt werden, Krebs auslösen zu können.The expansion valves on the market have a housing made of brass, into which connection pieces made of copper may be soldered. Such brass casings change color on the surface due to the so-called "patina". This is undesirable in the food industry and for other applications. In addition, the visual impression suffers. For this reason it is known to provide the surface with a nickel layer. However, it is said that it can lead to health problems, namely to the very widespread nickel allergy. In addition, one carefully observes the heavy metals in the natural food chain, whereby nickel salts are suspected of being able to cause cancer.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Ventil der eingangs beschriebenen Art anzugeben, das für die Praxis besser geeignet ist.The invention has for its object to provide a valve of the type described above, which is more suitable for practice.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß zumindest das Gehäuse und sämtliche Stutzen Tiefziehteile aus nichtrostendem Stahl sind, der so kohlenstoffarm ist, daß er trotz der Wärmebehandlung beim Löten gegen interkristalline Korrosion praktisch unempfindlich ist.This object is achieved in that at least the housing and all sockets are deep-drawn parts made of stainless steel, which is so low in carbon that it is practically insensitive to intergranular corrosion despite the heat treatment during soldering.
Nichtrostender Stahl, wie er in DIN 17441 definiert ist, enthält mindestens 12 % Chrom. Er neigt nicht zur Verfärbung. Er ist umweltfreundlich und gibt auch nicht zu gesundheitlichen Bedenken Anlaß. Allerdings ist es notwendig, einen sehr kohlenstoffarmen Stahl Zu verwenden, weil sich andernfalls durch die mit dem Lötprozeß verbundene Wärmebehandlung eine Sensibilisierung (beispielsweise durch die Ausscheidung von Chromkarbid) für die sogenannte interkristalline Korrosion ergibt, die in feuchten oder wasserdampfhaltigen Umgebungen auftritt und schließlich die Festigkeit und Dichtigkeit des Ventils beeinflußt. Wählt man aber einen geringen Kohlenstoffanteil, wird eine spanabhebende Verarbeitung des Stahls schwieriger und teurer als bei größeren Kohlenstoffanteilen. Daher werden Gehäuse und Stutzen als Tiefziehteile ausgebildet. Insgesamt ergibt sich daher ein Ventil (Expansionsventil, Magnetventil, Rückschlagventil u.dgl.), das nicht nur in Kälteanlagen, sondern auch in der Lebensmittelindustrie und unter ähnlich gearteten Anwendungsbedingungen gut geeignet ist.Stainless steel, as defined in DIN 17441, contains at least 12% chromium. It does not tend to discolour. It is environmentally friendly and does not give rise to health concerns. However, it is necessary to use a very low-carbon steel, because otherwise the heat treatment associated with the soldering process will result in sensitization (for example, through the precipitation of chromium carbide) to the so-called intergranular corrosion that occurs in damp or water vapor-containing environments and ultimately the strength and tightness of the valve is affected. However, if you choose a low proportion of carbon, machining the steel becomes more difficult and more expensive than with larger amounts of carbon. For this reason, the housing and connecting piece are designed as deep-drawn parts. Overall, this results in a valve (expansion valve, solenoid valve, non-return valve, etc.) that is not only suitable in refrigeration systems, but also in the food industry and under similar conditions of use.
Insbesondere kann der nichtrostende Stahl Chrom und Nickel enthalten und insbesondere ein Chrom-Nickel-Molybdän-Stahl sein. Nickel verbessert die Tiefzieh- und Löteigenschaften. Molybdän wirkt der Spalt- und Spannungskorrosion entgegen.In particular, the stainless steel can contain chromium and nickel and in particular can be a chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel. Nickel improves the deep-drawing and soldering properties. Molybdenum counteracts crevice and stress corrosion.
Die obengenannten Chromkarbide werden bei Temperaturen zwischen 500° und 900°C gebildet, wobei die größte Ausscheidungsgeschwindigkeit zwischen 600° und 700° C liegt. Wie lange es zulässig ist, in diesen Bereichen zu arbeiten, hängt vom Kohlenstoffgehalt des Stahls ab. Insbesondere empfiehlt es sich, daß der nichtrostende Stahl weniger als 0,05 % C enthält. Dann ist eine Lötzeit von 6 bis 7 Minuten zulässig, wie sie für einen Lötvorgang zwischen 600° und 700°C typisch ist. Erfolgt die Lötung jedoch bei höheren Temperaturen und wird der kritische Temperaturbereich während der Abkühlung schneller durchlaufen wird, können auch etwas höhere C-Anteile, wie 0,055 oder 0,06 % C, akzeptiert werden.The above-mentioned chromium carbides are formed at temperatures between 500 ° and 900 ° C, the highest rate of precipitation being between 600 ° and 700 ° C. How long it is allowed to work in these areas depends on the carbon content of the steel. In particular, it is recommended that the stainless steel contain less than 0.05% C. Then a soldering time of 6 to 7 minutes is permissible, as is typical for a soldering process between 600 ° and 700 ° C. However, if the soldering is carried out at higher temperatures and if the critical temperature range is passed faster during cooling, somewhat higher C components, such as 0.055 or 0.06% C, can also be accepted.
Insgesamt empfiehlt sich ein nichtrostender Stahl, der im wesentlichen die folgende Zusammensetzung hat: C ≤ 0,06 %; Cr = 12 bis 22 %; Ni = 6 bis 18 %; Mo = 0 bis 6 %; Rest Fe. Hinzu können noch weitere Elemente wie P, S, Si und/oder Mn, in den Üblichen kleinen Mengen kommen.Overall, a stainless steel is recommended, which essentially has the following composition: C ≤ 0.06%; Cr = 12 to 22%; Ni = 6 to 18%; Mo = 0 to 6%; Rest of Fe. In addition, other elements such as P, S, Si and / or Mn can be added in the usual small amounts.
In den meisten Fällen ist es günstig, wenn der nichtrostende Stahl weniger als 0,05 % C enthält.In most cases it is favorable if the stainless steel contains less than 0.05% C.
Die besten Ergebnisse sind mit nichtrostendem Stahl gemacht worden, der im wesentlichen die folgende Zusammensetzung hat: C ≤ 0,06 %; Cr = 16 bis 20 %; Ni = 8 bis 15 %; Mo = 0 bis 4 %; Rest Fe.The best results have been made with stainless steel, which essentially has the following composition: C ≤ 0.06%; Cr = 16 to 20%; Ni = 8 to 15%; Mo = 0 to 4%; Rest of Fe.
Empfehlenswert ist es, daß der Stutzen einen Flansch aufweist, der an der Außenfläche des Gehäuses angelötet ist. Die Flansche ergeben eine großflächige Anlage am Gehäuse, die auch bei dünnwandigen Stutzen, wie sie sich beim Tiefziehen ergeben, eine sichere Befestigung ermöglichen.It is recommended that the connector has a flange that is soldered to the outer surface of the housing. The flanges form a large-area contact with the housing, which enables secure attachment even with thin-walled nozzles, such as those that result from deep drawing.
Ferner ist es möglich, daß das Gehäuse stirnseitig einen Außenflansch aufweist, an den der ebenfalls spanlos verformte Bodenring einer Membrandose angelötet oder durch Laserschweißung angebracht ist. Zusätzlich zu den Stutzen können daher auch noch weitere spanlos verformte Teile an dem Gehäuse angebracht werden.Furthermore, it is possible for the housing to have an outer flange on the end face to which the bottom ring of a membrane box, which is also deformed without cutting, is soldered or attached by laser welding. In addition to the nozzles, other non-cutting parts can also be attached to the housing.
Empfehlenswert ist als Lot eine kupferhaltige Legierung und insbesondere ein an sich bekanntes silberhaltiges Kupferlot. Man kann daher mit üblichen Lötverfahren arbeiten.A copper-containing alloy and in particular a silver-containing copper solder known per se is recommended as the solder. You can therefore work with conventional soldering methods.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform tragen zumindest einige Tiefziehteile eine Kupferschicht. Diese verbessert das Lötverhalten.In a preferred embodiment, at least some deep-drawn parts have a copper layer. This improves the soldering behavior.
Vorteilhaft ist es auch, daß die Stutzen an ihrer Innenseite eine bis an das freie Ende reichende Kupferschicht tragen. Eine solche Kupferschicht gibt insbesondere beim Anschluß eines Kupferrohres eine dichte und feste Verbindung. Es genügen verhältnismäßig geringe Schichtdicken in der Größenordnung von 10 bis 100 µm.It is also advantageous that the sockets have on their inside a copper layer extending to the free end. Such a copper layer provides a tight and firm connection, particularly when a copper pipe is connected. Relatively small layer thicknesses of the order of 10 to 100 µm are sufficient.
Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ventils ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest das Gehäuse und der mindestens eine Stutzen aus flachen Platinen, die aus nichtrostendem, kohlenstoffarmem Stahl bestehen, tiefgezogen und anschließend miteinander verlötet werden. In der Massenfertigung ist die Herstellung der Tiefziehteile aus solchen Platinen ein besonders billiger Fabrikationsvorgang.A method for producing a valve is characterized in that at least the housing and the at least one connecting piece made of flat boards, which consist of stainless, low-carbon steel, are deep-drawn and then soldered to one another. In mass production, the production of deep-drawn parts from such blanks is a particularly cheap manufacturing process.
Hierbei empfiehlt es sich, daß zumindest zur Herstellung der Stutzen einseitig mit Kupfer beschichtete Platinen verwendet werden. Der betreffende Stutzen ist dann durchgehend mit einer Kupferschicht belegt.It is recommended that circuit boards coated with copper on one side are used at least for the production of the connecting pieces. The connector in question is then continuously coated with a copper layer.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten, bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels naher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- die Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Ventils,
- Fig. 2
- Stutzen und Kupferrohr beim Zusammenfügen und
- Fig. 3
- einen Teilquerschnitt durch die Membrandose.
- Fig. 1
- the side view of a valve according to the invention,
- Fig. 2
- Nozzle and copper pipe when joining and
- Fig. 3
- a partial cross section through the membrane box.
Das veranschaulichte Ventil 1 ist ein Expansionsventil für eine Kälteanlage. Es weist ein Gehäuse 2 mit drei Stutzen auf, nämlich einen Stutzen 3 für das zuströmende flüssige Kältemittel, einen Stutzen 4 für das abströmende dampfförmige Kältemittel und einen Stutzen 5 zum Anschluß einer Fühlerleitung. Alle Stutzen besitzen einen Außenflansch 6, 7 und 8, mit dem sie großflächig an der Außenseite des Gehäuses angelötet sind. Das eine Ende des Gehäuses 2 ist durch eine Membrandose 9 verschlossen, deren Bodenring 10 an einem Außenflansch 11 des Gehäuses 2 angelötet ist. Eine Deckplatte 12 der Membrandose ist über ein Kapillarrohr 13 mit einem Fühler 14 verbunden. Die Membran 15 steht daher von oben her unter dem Verdampfungsdruck der Flüssigkeit im Fühler 14 und von unten her unter dem Druck des Kältemittels, der am Stutzen 5 erfaßt ist, sowie einer nicht veranschaulichten Feder.The illustrated
Alle in Fig. 1 gezeigten Teile des Ventils 1 bestehen aus nichtrostendem Stahl mit einem so geringen Kohlenstoffgehalt, daß am fertigen Ventil praktisch keine Ausscheidungen vorhanden sind, die später zu einer interkristallinen Korrosion führen könnten. Hierbei sind das Gehäuse 2 und die stutzen 3, 4 und 5 als Tiefziehteile ausgebildet, während der Bodenring 10 und der Deckel 12 Stanz-Präge-Teile sind. Beispielsweise wird ein Stahl mit der Werkstoffnummer 1.4404 (DIN 17440-Kurzname X2CrNiMo1810; DIN 17441-Kurzname X2CrNiMo17132) verwendet, der wegen seines Nickelgehalts die Tiefzieh- und Löteigenschaften verbessert und wegen des geringen Kohlenstoffgehalts in Verbindung mit dem Molybdän-Anteil der Spalt- und Spannungskorrosion entgegenwirkt. Ein derartiger nichtrostender Stahl ist als säure- und meereswasserbeständig bekannt. Er hat die folgende Zusammensetzung: C ≤ 0,03 %; Cr = 16,5 bis 18,5 %; Ni = 11,0 bis 14,0 %; Mo = 2,0 bis 2,5 %; Si ≤ 1,0 %, Mn ≤ 2,0 %, P ≤ 0,045 %, S ≤ 0,03 %, Rest Fe.All parts of the
Ein anderer sehr brauchbarer Stahl hat die Werkstoffnummer 1.4306 und den DIN17441-Kurznamen X2CrNi1911 mit folgender Zusammensetzung: C ≤ 0,03 %; Cr = 18 bis 20 %; Ni = 10 bis 12,5 %; Si ≤ 1,0 %, Mn ≤ 2,0 %; P ≤ 0,045 %; S ≤ 0,03 %, Rest Fe.Another very usable steel has the material number 1.4306 and the DIN17441 short name X2CrNi1911 with the following composition: C ≤ 0.03%; Cr = 18 to 20%; Ni = 10 to 12.5%; Si ≤ 1.0%, Mn ≤ 2.0%; P ≤ 0.045%; S ≤ 0.03%, balance Fe.
Es kommen aber auch noch viele weitere Stähle in Betracht. Wesentlich ist, daß der C-Gehalt ≤ 0,06 %, vorzugsweise ≤ 0,05 % ist, um beim Löten keine interkristalline Korrosion auszulösen, daß der Chromgehalt größer 12 % ist, um die Rost- und Säurebeständigkeit zu bewirken, und daß ein ausreichender Nickelanteil vorgesehen ist, um ein tiefziehfähiges Material zu erhalten.However, many other steels can also be considered. It is essential that the C content is ≤ 0.06%, preferably ≤ 0.05%, in order not to trigger intergranular corrosion when soldering, that the chromium content is greater than 12%, in order to bring about the rust and acid resistance, and that sufficient nickel content is provided to obtain a thermoformable material.
In Fig. 2 ist es am Beispiel des Stutzens 4 gezeigt, daß die Innenseite des Stutzens 16 mit einer Lötschicht 16 aus Kupfer versehen ist. Das Material der Lötschicht war schon auf der Stahlplatine aufgetragen, aus der die Stutzen 3, 4 und 5 tiefgezogen worden sind. Den Ausgangspunkt hierbei kann eine Platine mit geringer Dikke, beispielsweise 0,75 mm, aus kupferplatiertem nichtrostendem Stahl mit einer Kupferschichtdicke von 10 bis 100 µm bilden. Die Lötschicht erstreckt sich daher vom freien Ende des Stutzens bis auf die zu lötende Seite der Flansche 6, 7 und 8. Das Anlöten kann in einem Ofen bei relativ hohen Temperaturen, beispielsweise bei 1000°C, erfolgen.In Fig. 2 it is shown using the example of the
Wenn ein Kupferrohr 17 in den Stutzen 4 eingeschoben und dort verlötet wird, erleichtert die Lötschicht 16 diesen Vorgang. Hierbei kann ein übliches Lot verwendet werden, beispielsweise ein mit 15 % Silber versetztes Kupferlot, wie es unter der Handelsbezeichnung Silfoss 15 vertrieben wird. Dieses Lot schmilzt bei etwa 700°C. Diese Temperatur läßt sich ohne Schwierigkeiten mit einem Schweißbrenner am freien Ende des jeweiligen Stutzens erzielen.If a
Diese Temperatur wirkt sich aber nicht an den wärmeempfindlichen Teilen des Ventils aus, weil die geringe Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Stutzen und des Gehäuses dies verhindert. Beispielsweise ist die mit ihrer Füllung versehene Membrandose 9 äußerst temperaturempfindlich. Ihre Grenztemperatur liegt bei nur 100°C.However, this temperature does not affect the heat-sensitive parts of the valve because the low thermal conductivity of the nozzle and the housing prevents this. For example, the
Bei der Herstellung eines solchen Ventils wird in der Weise vorgegangen, daß das tiefgezogene Gehäuse 2 mit der Bodenplatte 10 und den drei Stutzen 3, 4 und 5 durch Löten verbunden wird. Dann werden die Einbauten in das Ventilgehäuse 2 eingebracht und schließlich die Membrandose 9 durch Aufsetzen der Membran und des mit dem Fühler 14 über das Kapillarrohr 13 verbundenen Deckels 12 vervollständigt. Alsdann erfolgt das Einfüllen des wärmeempfindlichen Füllstoffes in das Fühlersystem. Nunmehr ist das Ventil fertig zum Einsatz. Es wird an Ort und Stelle mit den Anschlußrohren 17 verbunden, indem diese in die Stutzen eingeführt oder auf diese aufgeschoben und schließlich durch Löten hieran befestigt werden.In the manufacture of such a valve, the procedure is such that the deep-drawn
Die Einbauten können auch von unten her in das Gehäuse 2 eingeführt werden. Der Stutzen 3 wird dann erst anschließend am Gehäuse 2 angebracht. Sofern die Einbauten wärmeempfindlich sind, kann die Befestigung des zuletzt anzubringenden Teils auch durch einen Schweißvorgang erfolgen, der weniger wärmebelastend ist als ein Lötvorgang, z.B. durch Laserschweißung.The internals can also be inserted into the
Claims (14)
- A valve, in particular an expansion valve for refrigeration systems, having a housing and at least one nozzle which are joined to one another by soldering, characterised in that at least the housing (2) and the nozzles (3, 4, 5) are deep-drawn parts of stainless steel which has such a low carbon content that despite being subjected to the effects of heat during soldering, it is practically insensitive to intercrystalline corrosion.
- A valve according to claim 1, characterised in that the stainless steel contains chromium and nickel.
- A valve according to claim 2, characterised in that the stainless steel is a chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel.
- A valve according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the stainless steel has almost the following composition: C ≤ 0.06 %, Cr = 12 to 22 %, Ni = 6 to 18%; Mo = 0 to 6 %, rest Fe.
- A valve according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the stainless steel contains less than 0.05 % of carbon.
- Valve according to one of the claims 4 or 5, characterised in that the stainless steel has almost the following composition: C ≤ 0.06 %; Cr = 16 to 20 %; Ni = 8 to 15 %; Mo = 0 to 4 %, rest Fe.
- A valve according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the nozzles (3, 4, 5) have a flange (6, 7, 8) which is soldered to the outer surface of the housing (2).
- A valve according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the housing (2) has an external flange at its front end to which the base ring (10) of a diaphragm chamber (9), likewise formed without machining, is soldered or laser-welded.
- A valve according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the solder is a copper-containing alloy.
- A valve according to claim 9, characterised in that the solder is a silver-containing alloy.
- A valve according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that at least some deep-drawn parts carry a copper layer (6).
- A valve according to claim 11, characterised in that the nozzles (3, 4, 5) have on their inside a copper layer extending as far as the free end thereof.
- A method for the manufacture of a valve according to one of the claims 1 to 12, with a housing and at least one nozzle, which are joined to one another by soldering, characterised in that at least the housing and the nozzle, of which there is at least one, are deep-drawn from flat blanks of stainless, low-carbon steel, and are subsequently soldered to one another.
- A method according to claim 13, characterised in that blanks coated on one side with copper are used at least for manufacturing the nozzles.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4328315 | 1993-08-23 | ||
DE4328315 | 1993-08-23 | ||
PCT/DK1994/000314 WO1995005908A1 (en) | 1993-08-23 | 1994-08-22 | Valve, in particular expansion valve for refrigerating systems, and a method for the manufacture thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0715553A1 EP0715553A1 (en) | 1996-06-12 |
EP0715553B1 true EP0715553B1 (en) | 1997-05-07 |
Family
ID=6495810
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94925359A Expired - Lifetime EP0715553B1 (en) | 1993-08-23 | 1994-08-22 | Valve, in particular expansion valve for refrigerating systems, and a method for the manufacture thereof |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5810332A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0715553B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2908565B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1055647C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE152648T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU7530894A (en) |
DE (2) | DE4429682A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK715553T1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2101562T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995005908A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100638613B1 (en) * | 2004-09-02 | 2006-10-26 | 삼성전기주식회사 | Wafer level package fabrication method using laser illumination |
CN100347477C (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2007-11-07 | 浙江三花股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method for coil of electronic expansion valve |
ATE511067T1 (en) * | 2007-11-13 | 2011-06-15 | Danfoss As | EXPANSION VALVE |
RU2499938C1 (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2013-11-27 | Данфосс А/С | Valve manufacturing method |
CN106052180B (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2018-08-17 | 大金工业株式会社 | Refrigerating plant |
CN104061355B (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2018-06-08 | 浙江三花制冷集团有限公司 | A kind of control valve used in refrigeration system |
CN105402438B (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2019-05-31 | 浙江三花汽车零部件有限公司 | Heating power expansion valve and its manufacturing method |
CN108115275B (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2019-10-25 | 沈祥明 | Valve plate and valve seat automatic laser welding machine |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3681960A (en) * | 1969-04-22 | 1972-08-08 | Furubayashi Welding Pipe Fitt | Method and apparatus for forming valve bodies |
NL7712895A (en) * | 1977-11-23 | 1979-05-28 | Vsh Fabrieken Nv | PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING A TAP ROD HOUSING, AS WELL AS A TAP ROD HOUSING MANUFACTURED ACCORDING TO THE PROCEDURE. |
US4357807A (en) * | 1981-01-09 | 1982-11-09 | Jerry Aleksandrow | Low energy ice making apparatus |
US4521948A (en) * | 1983-02-03 | 1985-06-11 | Hamilton-Pax, Inc. | Method for fabricating a valve |
JPS59150067A (en) * | 1983-02-15 | 1984-08-28 | Jgc Corp | Stainless cast steel for cryogenic service having excellent corrosion resistance |
EP0166796B1 (en) * | 1984-07-03 | 1989-04-19 | Harry König | Method of making extruded t- and l-shaped fittings of low-carbon steel for plate radiators |
US4633681A (en) * | 1985-08-19 | 1987-01-06 | Webber Robert C | Refrigerant expansion device |
US4818105A (en) * | 1987-09-21 | 1989-04-04 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Burner for flame photometric detector |
JPS6487218A (en) * | 1987-09-30 | 1989-03-31 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Backflow prevention valve for injection molding machine |
-
1994
- 1994-08-22 WO PCT/DK1994/000314 patent/WO1995005908A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-08-22 AU AU75308/94A patent/AU7530894A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-08-22 DE DE4429682A patent/DE4429682A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-08-22 CN CN94193174A patent/CN1055647C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-22 DK DK94925359.5T patent/DK715553T1/en unknown
- 1994-08-22 EP EP94925359A patent/EP0715553B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-22 DE DE59402678T patent/DE59402678D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-22 ES ES94925359T patent/ES2101562T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-22 US US08/596,256 patent/US5810332A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-22 JP JP7507274A patent/JP2908565B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-22 AT AT94925359T patent/ATE152648T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5810332A (en) | 1998-09-22 |
ATE152648T1 (en) | 1997-05-15 |
ES2101562T3 (en) | 1997-07-01 |
WO1995005908A1 (en) | 1995-03-02 |
CN1129915A (en) | 1996-08-28 |
JPH08509029A (en) | 1996-09-24 |
DE4429682A1 (en) | 1995-03-09 |
CN1055647C (en) | 2000-08-23 |
JP2908565B2 (en) | 1999-06-21 |
DE59402678D1 (en) | 1997-06-12 |
AU7530894A (en) | 1995-03-21 |
EP0715553A1 (en) | 1996-06-12 |
DK715553T1 (en) | 1997-08-25 |
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