EP0710976B1 - Rotating anode X-ray tube with slide bearing - Google Patents

Rotating anode X-ray tube with slide bearing Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0710976B1
EP0710976B1 EP95202896A EP95202896A EP0710976B1 EP 0710976 B1 EP0710976 B1 EP 0710976B1 EP 95202896 A EP95202896 A EP 95202896A EP 95202896 A EP95202896 A EP 95202896A EP 0710976 B1 EP0710976 B1 EP 0710976B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ray tube
bearing
anode
rotary
solid
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP95202896A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0710976A1 (en
Inventor
Axel C/O Philips Vetter
Christoph c/o Philips Bathe
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Philips Intellectual Property and Standards GmbH
Koninklijke Philips NV
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Philips Corporate Intellectual Property GmbH
Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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Publication of EP0710976A1 publication Critical patent/EP0710976A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
    • H01J35/101—Arrangements for rotating anodes, e.g. supporting means, means for greasing, means for sealing the axle or means for shielding or protecting the driving
    • H01J35/1017—Bearings for rotating anodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J2235/10—Drive means for anode (target) substrate
    • H01J2235/1046—Bearings and bearing contact surfaces
    • H01J2235/106—Dynamic pressure bearings, e.g. helical groove type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rotating anode X-ray tube with a plain bearing the preamble of claim 1.
  • a rotating anode X-ray tube is from EP-A-578 314 (US-A-5 381 456) or from EP-A-378 274 (US-A-5,077,775) known.
  • EP-A-578 314 US-A-5 381 456
  • EP-A-378 274 US-A-5,077,775
  • gallium alloys used in such rotating anode X-ray tubes in the generally used as a lubricant very good lubricating properties have, it can nevertheless wear the bearing surfaces, namely then when the lubricant after a long standstill of the rotating anode or after decelerating the bearing at high temperatures (or lower Lubricant viscosity) from the area of the groove pattern is pushed out.
  • the object of the present invention is to reduce this wear. This The object is achieved by the measures specified in claim 1.
  • any dry lubricant is suitable as a solid that neither with the Bearing surfaces still react with the lubricant that the Reduces sliding friction coefficient between the bearing surfaces and that Vacuum in the X-ray tube is not affected.
  • the invention is explained below with reference to a drawing.
  • the in the Rotary anode X-ray tube shown in the drawing has a metal piston 1 the one via an insulator 2 and the cathode 3 via a second insulator 4 Rotating anode is attached.
  • the rotating anode comprises an anode disc 5, on the of which Cathode 3 opposite surface when switching on a high voltage X-ray radiation is generated.
  • the x-ray radiation can Radiation exit window 6 emerge in the bulb, which is preferably made of beryllium consists.
  • the anode disk 5 is connected to a carrier body 7 via a slide bearing connected, which is attached to the second insulator 4.
  • the plain bearing includes one bearing axis 8 firmly connected to the carrier body 7 and a bearing axis 8 concentrically enclosing bearing shell 9, which has a rotor at its lower end 10 to drive the at the top attached anode disc 5.
  • the bearing axis 8 and the bearing shell 9 consist of a Molybdenum alloy (TZM). Instead, molybdenum can also be used or a tungsten-molybdenum alloy is used become.
  • ZMM Molybdenum alloy
  • tungsten-molybdenum alloy is used become.
  • the bearing axis 8 At its upper end, the bearing axis 8 with two in Groove patterns 11 offset in the axial direction provided for absorbing radial forces.
  • the bearing axis 8 has a groove pattern several millimeters thick section 14, the diameter of which is substantially larger is the diameter of the rest of the bearing axis 8.
  • Below this is again a section whose diameter at least approximately the diameter of the bearing axis 8 corresponds in the upper area and that with the carrier body 7 is connected.
  • the inner contour of the bearing shell is adapted to section 14.
  • the free end faces on the top and on the bottom of section 14 are provided with a groove pattern, that consists of pairs of tapered grooves put together.
  • the grooves preferably run here corresponding to the arcs of two logarithmic Spirals with opposite directions of rotation. This can forces acting in the axial direction are absorbed.
  • the gap between the bearing axis 8 and the bearing shell 9 is at least in the area of the groove pattern with a liquid Lubricant filled, preferably a gallium alloy.
  • the width of the gap can be the depth of the Correspond to grooves and in practice, for example, between 10 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m are. If the rotating anode in the the specified direction of rotation rotates, the lubricant transported in the area of the groove pattern, in where the groove patterns come together in pairs. Build here pressure in the lubricant which is radial or can absorb forces acting axially on the bearing, and the bearing shell 9 "floats" in this state on the Bearing axis 8.

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  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Drehanoden-Röntgenröhre mit einem Gleitlager nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Eine solche Drehanoden-Röntgenröhre ist aus der EP-A-578 314 (US-A-5 381 456) bzw. aus der EP-A-378 274 (US-A-5,077,775) bekannt. Bei rotierender Drehanode verteilt sich das Schmiermittel im Rillenmuster so, daß sich ein hydrodynamischer Schmierfilm ausbildet und die beiden Lagerteile aufeinander "schwimmen". Das Lager arbeitet dann praktisch verschleißfrei.The invention relates to a rotating anode X-ray tube with a plain bearing the preamble of claim 1. Such a rotating anode X-ray tube is from EP-A-578 314 (US-A-5 381 456) or from EP-A-378 274 (US-A-5,077,775) known. When the rotating anode is rotating, the lubricant is distributed in the groove pattern so that a hydrodynamic lubricating film forms and the two bearing parts "floating" on top of each other. The bearing then works practically without wear.

Obwohl Galliumlegierungen, die bei derartigen Drehanoden-Röntgenröhren im allgemeinen als Schmiermittel verwendet werden, sehr gute Schmiereigenschaften haben, kann es dabei gleichwohl zum Verschleiß der Lagerflächen kommen, nämlich dann, wenn das Schmiermittel nach längerem Stillstand der Drehanode oder nach einem Abbremsvorgang des Lagers bei hohen Temperaturen (bzw. niedriger Schmiermittelviskosität) witgehend aus dem Bereich des Rillenmusters herausgedrängt wird.Although gallium alloys used in such rotating anode X-ray tubes in the generally used as a lubricant, very good lubricating properties have, it can nevertheless wear the bearing surfaces, namely then when the lubricant after a long standstill of the rotating anode or after decelerating the bearing at high temperatures (or lower Lubricant viscosity) from the area of the groove pattern is pushed out.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, diesen Verschleiß zu verringern. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Maßnahmen gelöst.The object of the present invention is to reduce this wear. This The object is achieved by the measures specified in claim 1.

Im Normalbetrieb, d.h. bei rotierendem Gleitlager, ist der Feststoffzusatz praktisch unwirksam. Bei den Start- und Stoppvorgängen jedoch trennt der Feststoff die Lagerflächen voneinander und vermindert dadurch den Lagerverschleiß.In normal operation, i.e. with rotating plain bearings, the addition of solids is practical ineffective. However, the solids separate them during the start and stop processes Bearing surfaces from each other and thereby reduces bearing wear.

Es empfiehlt sich, den Feststoffgehalt innerhalb der angegebenen Grenzen zu wählen; bei einem niedrigeren Gehalt läßt die Wirksamkeit nach und bei einem höheren Gehalt besteht die Gefahr, daß der Feststoff das Rillenmuster zusetzt. It is advisable to increase the solids content within the specified limits choose; if the content is lower, the effectiveness will gradually decrease a higher content there is a risk that the solid will clog the groove pattern.

Als Feststoff ist im Prinzip jeder Trockenschmierstoff geeignet, der weder mit den Lagerflächen noch mit dem Schmiermittel reagiert, der den Gleitreibungskoeffizienten zwischen den Lagerflächen herabsetzt und der das Vakuum in der Röntgenröhre nicht beeinträchtigt.In principle, any dry lubricant is suitable as a solid that neither with the Bearing surfaces still react with the lubricant that the Reduces sliding friction coefficient between the bearing surfaces and that Vacuum in the X-ray tube is not affected.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Die in der Zeichnung dargestellte Drehanoden-Röntgenröhre besitzt einen Metallkolben 1, an dem über einen Isolator 2 die Kathode 3 und über einen zweiten Isolator 4 die Drehanode befestigt ist. Die Drehanode umfaßt eine Anodenscheibe 5, auf deren der Kathode 3 gegenüberliegenden Fläche beim Einschalten einer Hochspannung Röntgenstrahlung erzeugt wird. Die Röntgenstrahlung kann durch ein Strahlenaustrittsfenster 6 im Kolben austreten, das vorzugsweise aus Beryllium besteht. Die Anodenscheibe 5 ist über ein Gleitlager mit einem Trägerkörper 7 verbunden, der an dem zweiten Isolator 4 befestigt ist. Das Gleitlager umfaßt eine fest mit dem Trägerkörper 7 verbundene Lagerachse 8 und eine die Lagerachse 8 konzentrisch umschließende Lagerschale 9, die an ihrem unteren Ende einen Rotor 10 zum Antrieb der am oberen Ende befestigten Anodenscheibe 5 aufweist.The invention is explained below with reference to a drawing. The in the Rotary anode X-ray tube shown in the drawing has a metal piston 1 the one via an insulator 2 and the cathode 3 via a second insulator 4 Rotating anode is attached. The rotating anode comprises an anode disc 5, on the of which Cathode 3 opposite surface when switching on a high voltage X-ray radiation is generated. The x-ray radiation can Radiation exit window 6 emerge in the bulb, which is preferably made of beryllium consists. The anode disk 5 is connected to a carrier body 7 via a slide bearing connected, which is attached to the second insulator 4. The plain bearing includes one bearing axis 8 firmly connected to the carrier body 7 and a bearing axis 8 concentrically enclosing bearing shell 9, which has a rotor at its lower end 10 to drive the at the top attached anode disc 5.

Die Lagerachse 8 und die Lagerschale 9 bestehen aus einer Molybdän-Legierung (TZM). Stattdessen kann aber auch Molybdän oder eine Wolfram-Molybdän-Legierung verwendet werden. Bei der dargestellten Konfiguration ist die Lagerachse 8 der feststehende und die Lagerschale 9 der rotierende Lagerteil; es versteht sich aber von selbst, daß die Erfindung auch bei solchen Gestaltungen des Gleitlagers anwendbar ist, bei denen die Lagerachse rotiert und die Lagerschale feststeht.The bearing axis 8 and the bearing shell 9 consist of a Molybdenum alloy (TZM). Instead, molybdenum can also be used or a tungsten-molybdenum alloy is used become. In the configuration shown is the bearing axis 8 the fixed and the bearing shell 9 the rotating Bearing part; it goes without saying that the Invention also in such designs of the plain bearing is applicable, in which the bearing axis rotates and the Bearing shell is fixed.

An ihrem oberen Ende ist die Lagerachse 8 mit zwei in axialer Richtung gegeneinander versetzten Rillenmustern 11 zur Aufnahme radialer Kräfte versehen. Im Anschluß an die Rillenmuster hat die Lagerachse 8 einen mehrere Millimeter dicken Abschnitt 14, dessen Durchmesser wesentlich größer ist als der Durchmesser des übrigen Teils der Lagerachse 8. Darunter folgt wiederum ein Abschnitt, dessen Durchmesser zumindest annähernd dem Durchmesser der Lagerachse 8 im oberen Bereich entspricht und der mit dem Trägerkörper 7 verbunden ist. Die Innenkontur der Lagerschale ist dem Abschnitt 14 angepaßt.At its upper end, the bearing axis 8 with two in Groove patterns 11 offset in the axial direction provided for absorbing radial forces. Following the The bearing axis 8 has a groove pattern several millimeters thick section 14, the diameter of which is substantially larger is the diameter of the rest of the bearing axis 8. Below this is again a section whose diameter at least approximately the diameter of the bearing axis 8 corresponds in the upper area and that with the carrier body 7 is connected. The inner contour of the bearing shell is adapted to section 14.

Die freien Stirnflächen auf der Ober- und auf der Unterseite des Abschnitts 14 sind mit einem Rillenmuster versehen, das sich aus Paaren von aufeinander zulaufenden Rillen zusammensetzt. Vorzugsweise verlaufen die Rillen dabei entsprechend den Bogenstücken von zwei logarithmischen Spiralen mit entgegengesetztem Umlaufsinn. Hierdurch können in axialer Richtung wirkende Kräfte aufgenommen werden.The free end faces on the top and on the bottom of section 14 are provided with a groove pattern, that consists of pairs of tapered grooves put together. The grooves preferably run here corresponding to the arcs of two logarithmic Spirals with opposite directions of rotation. This can forces acting in the axial direction are absorbed.

Der Spalt zwischen der Lagerachse 8 und der Lagerschale 9 ist zumindest im Bereich des Rillenmusters mit einem flüssigen Schmiermittel gefüllt, vorzugsweise einer Galliumlegierung. Die Breite des Spaltes kann der Tiefe der Rillen entsprechen und in der Praxis beispielsweise zwischen 10 µm und 30 µm liegen. Wenn die Drehanode in der vorgeschriebenen Drehrichtung rotiert, wird das Schmiermittel in den Bereich der Rillenmuster transportiert, in dem die Rillenmuster paarweise zusammenlaufen. Hier baut sich in dem Schmiermittel ein Druck auf, der radial bzw. axial auf das Lager wirkende Kräfte aufnehmen kann, und die Lagerschale 9 "schwimmt" in diesem Zustand auf der Lagerachse 8.The gap between the bearing axis 8 and the bearing shell 9 is at least in the area of the groove pattern with a liquid Lubricant filled, preferably a gallium alloy. The width of the gap can be the depth of the Correspond to grooves and in practice, for example, between 10 µm and 30 µm are. If the rotating anode in the the specified direction of rotation rotates, the lubricant transported in the area of the groove pattern, in where the groove patterns come together in pairs. Build here pressure in the lubricant which is radial or can absorb forces acting axially on the bearing, and the bearing shell 9 "floats" in this state on the Bearing axis 8.

Erfindungsgemäß ist dem Schmiermittel ein Feststoff zugesetzt, der bei den Start- und Stoppvorgängen die Reibung zwischen der Lagerschale 9 und der Lagerachse verringert. Im folgenden werden einige dafür geeignete Schmiermittelzusätze genannt:

  • a) Wolframdiselenid (WSe2) oder Tantaldiselenid (TaSe2). Diese Feststoffe verhindern den Verschleiß dadurch, daß sie mit ihrer lammelaren Kristallstruktur zwischen den Lagerteilen und dem Einfluß der tangential wirkenden Scherkräfte in sich selbst abscheren.
  • b) Molybdändisulfid. Der Wirkungsmechanismus entspricht demjenigen der unter a) erwähnten Selenide. Der Gleitreibungskoeffizient zwischen nicht geschmierten TZM-bzw Molybdän-Lagerflächen wird durch den Zusatz von Molybdänsulfid auf weniger als ein Zehntel seines Wertes ohne diesen Fesstoff herabgesetzt. Die guten Schmiereigenschaften der unter a) und b) angeführten Zusatzstoffe sind bekannt. So ist in der US-PS 3,427,244 ein sich selbst schmierender Körper beschrieben, der aus einem unter Druck und Temperatur verfestigten Sintergemisch aus drei Komponenten hergestellt ist: 10 bis 30 Gew.% einer Galliumlegierung, 90 bis 70 Gew.% eines festen Schmiermittels, das durch ein Sulfid oder ein Selenid von Wolfram oder Molybdän gebildet wird, und ein Füllmittel aus einem Metallpulver.
  • c) Monodisperse Oxidpartikel. Dabei handelt es sich um Partikel beispielsweise aus Siliziumdioxid (SiO2). die Herstellung dieser von der Firma Ernst Merck vertriebenen Partikel ist in der EP-PS 216 278 beschrieben. Diese Partikel haben die Form von Kugeln, deren mittlerer Durchmesser je nach Wahl der Parameter des Herstellungsprozesses zwischen 10 und 2000 nm betragen kann. Bei einem Start- oder Stoppvorgang befinden sich diese Mikro-Kugeln zwischen den Lagerflächen der sich relativ zueinander verschiebenden Lagerteile 8,9, so daß diese aufeinander abrollen.
  • d) Fullerene. Die aus der Zeitschrift "Scientific American", Okt. 1991, Seiten 32 bis 41 bekannten Fullerene haben Kugelform, wenn sie aus C60 Molekülen bestehen. Es ergibt sich im Hinblick auf die Reibung zwischen den Lagerteilen daher ein ähnlicher Mechanismus wie bei den monodispersen Partikeln.
    • According to the invention, a solid is added to the lubricant, which reduces the friction between the bearing shell 9 and the bearing axis during the starting and stopping processes. Some suitable lubricant additives are listed below:
  • a) Tungsten diselenide (WSe 2 ) or tantalum diselenide (TaSe 2 ). These solids prevent wear by shearing themselves off with their lamellar crystal structure between the bearing parts and the influence of the tangentially acting shear forces.
  • b) molybdenum disulfide. The mechanism of action corresponds to that of the selenides mentioned under a). The addition of molybdenum sulfide reduces the coefficient of sliding friction between non-lubricated TZM or molybdenum bearing surfaces to less than a tenth of its value without this solid. The good lubricating properties of the additives listed under a) and b) are known. For example, US Pat. No. 3,427,244 describes a self-lubricating body which is produced from a sintered mixture of three components solidified under pressure and temperature: 10 to 30% by weight of a gallium alloy, 90 to 70% by weight of a solid lubricant which is formed by a sulfide or a selenide of tungsten or molybdenum, and a filler made of a metal powder.
  • c) Monodisperse oxide particles. These are particles made of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), for example. the production of these particles sold by Ernst Merck is described in EP-PS 216 278. These particles have the shape of spheres, the average diameter of which can be between 10 and 2000 nm, depending on the parameters of the manufacturing process. During a start or stop process, these microbeads are located between the bearing surfaces of the bearing parts 8, 9 which move relative to one another, so that they roll on one another.
  • d) fullerenes. The fullerenes known from the journal "Scientific American", Oct. 1991, pages 32 to 41 have a spherical shape if they consist of C 60 molecules. With regard to the friction between the bearing parts, there is therefore a mechanism similar to that of the monodisperse particles.

    • Wenn der Anteil des Feststoffs in dem Schmiermittel-Feststoffgemisch zwischen 0,05 und 5 Gew.% liegt, ergeben sich brauchbare Ergebnisse; gute Ergebnisse ergeben sich bei einem Feststoffgehalt zwischen 0,1 und 2 Gew.% und optimale Ergebnisse bei einem Gehalt zwischen 0,3 und 1 Gew.%. Bei niedrigeren Anteilen ergibt sich nur noch eine eingeschränkte Wirksamkeit und bei höheren Anteilen besteht die Gefahr, daß die Rillen des Rillenmusters von dem Feststoff zugesetzt werden, was die Funktionsfähigkeit des Lagers im Normalbetrieb (rotierende Drehanode) beeinträchtigen kann.If the proportion of solid in the lubricant-solid mixture is between 0.05 and 5% by weight get usable results; good results result at a solids content between 0.1 and 2% by weight and optimal results with a content between 0.3 and 1 % By weight. With lower shares there is only one limited effectiveness and with higher proportions the risk that the grooves of the groove pattern from the Solid are added, which affects the functionality of the Affect the bearing in normal operation (rotating anode) can.

    Claims (6)

    1. A rotary-anode X-ray tube, comprising a sleeve bearing with a stationary and a rotatable bearing portion (8, 9) provided with facing bearing faces, at least one of which is provided with a groove pattern (11), a lubricant in the form of a gallium alloy which is liquid at least in the operating condition being present between said bearing faces, characterized in that a solid having a slow riding friction is added to the lubricant, and that the solid content is between 0.05 and 5% by weight.
    2. A rotary-anode X-ray tube as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the solid consists of tungsten diselenite or tantalum diselenite.
    3. A rotary-anode X-ray tube as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the solid consists of molybdenum disulphide.
    4. A rotary-anode X-ray tube as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the solid consists of monodisperse oxide particles.
    5. A rotary-anode X-ray tube as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the solid consists of fullerenes.
    6. A rotary-anode X-ray tube as claimed in the Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the solid content is between 0.1 and 2% by weight, notably between 0.3 and 1% by weight.
    EP95202896A 1994-11-03 1995-10-25 Rotating anode X-ray tube with slide bearing Expired - Lifetime EP0710976B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE4439143A DE4439143A1 (en) 1994-11-03 1994-11-03 Rotating anode X-ray tube with a plain bearing
    DE4439143 1994-11-03

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0710976A1 EP0710976A1 (en) 1996-05-08
    EP0710976B1 true EP0710976B1 (en) 2000-02-02

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    US (1) US5619549A (en)
    EP (1) EP0710976B1 (en)
    JP (1) JPH08212949A (en)
    DE (2) DE4439143A1 (en)

    Families Citing this family (2)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    WO2006046181A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-05-04 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Molybdenum-molybdenum brazing and rotary-anode x-ray tube comprising such a brazing
    JP5815626B2 (en) 2013-09-27 2015-11-17 ジーイー・メディカル・システムズ・グローバル・テクノロジー・カンパニー・エルエルシー Radiation tomography apparatus control method, radiation tomography apparatus and program

    Family Cites Families (8)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    NL63490C (en) * 1941-03-04 1900-01-01
    US3427244A (en) 1966-03-16 1969-02-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp Solid lubricant composites
    DE3616133A1 (en) 1985-09-25 1987-11-19 Merck Patent Gmbh SPHERICAL SIO (DOWN ARROW) 2 (DOWN ARROW) PARTICLES
    DE3900730A1 (en) 1989-01-12 1990-07-19 Philips Patentverwaltung TURNING ANODE X-RAY TUBES WITH AT LEAST TWO SPIRAL GROOVE BEARINGS
    US4962519A (en) * 1989-03-31 1990-10-09 General Electric Company Lubricated bearing retainer for X-ray tube
    DE4222225A1 (en) * 1992-07-07 1994-01-13 Philips Patentverwaltung Plain bearing for a rotating anode X-ray tube
    US5292444A (en) * 1992-10-02 1994-03-08 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Lube oil compositions containing fullerene-grafted polymers
    US8846693B2 (en) 2007-12-06 2014-09-30 Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc. Optionally substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6-diones

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    Publication number Publication date
    DE4439143A1 (en) 1996-05-09
    DE59507730D1 (en) 2000-03-09
    US5619549A (en) 1997-04-08
    JPH08212949A (en) 1996-08-20
    EP0710976A1 (en) 1996-05-08

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