EP0706950A1 - Deckel aus Kunststoff mit Abzugslasche - Google Patents

Deckel aus Kunststoff mit Abzugslasche Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0706950A1
EP0706950A1 EP95420277A EP95420277A EP0706950A1 EP 0706950 A1 EP0706950 A1 EP 0706950A1 EP 95420277 A EP95420277 A EP 95420277A EP 95420277 A EP95420277 A EP 95420277A EP 0706950 A1 EP0706950 A1 EP 0706950A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
skirt
tongue
cover
lid
curve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95420277A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0706950B1 (de
Inventor
Michel Philippe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pechiney Emballage Alimentaire
Original Assignee
Pechiney Emballage Alimentaire
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pechiney Emballage Alimentaire filed Critical Pechiney Emballage Alimentaire
Publication of EP0706950A1 publication Critical patent/EP0706950A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0706950B1 publication Critical patent/EP0706950B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D51/00—Closures not otherwise provided for
    • B65D51/18—Arrangements of closures with protective outer cap-like covers or of two or more co-operating closures
    • B65D51/20—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D43/00—Lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D43/02—Removable lids or covers
    • B65D43/0202—Removable lids or covers without integral tamper element
    • B65D43/0204—Removable lids or covers without integral tamper element secured by snapping over beads or projections
    • B65D43/0212—Removable lids or covers without integral tamper element secured by snapping over beads or projections only on the outside, or a part turned to the outside, of the mouth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00—Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/0003—Two or more closures
    • B65D2251/0006—Upper closure
    • B65D2251/0018—Upper closure of the 43-type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00—Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/0003—Two or more closures
    • B65D2251/0068—Lower closure
    • B65D2251/0093—Membrane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00018—Overall construction of the lid
    • B65D2543/00064—Shape of the outer periphery
    • B65D2543/00074—Shape of the outer periphery curved
    • B65D2543/00092—Shape of the outer periphery curved circular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00018—Overall construction of the lid
    • B65D2543/00259—Materials used
    • B65D2543/00296—Plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00481—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container
    • B65D2543/0049—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container on the inside, or a part turned to the inside of the mouth of the container
    • B65D2543/00509—Cup
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00481—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container
    • B65D2543/0049—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container on the inside, or a part turned to the inside of the mouth of the container
    • B65D2543/00527—NO contact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00481—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container
    • B65D2543/00537—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container on the outside, or a part turned to the outside of the mouth of the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00481—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container
    • B65D2543/00555—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container on both the inside and the outside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00592—Snapping means
    • B65D2543/00601—Snapping means on the container
    • B65D2543/00611—Profiles
    • B65D2543/00648—Flange or lip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00592—Snapping means
    • B65D2543/00601—Snapping means on the container
    • B65D2543/00675—Periphery concerned
    • B65D2543/00685—Totality
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00592—Snapping means
    • B65D2543/00712—Snapping means on the lid
    • B65D2543/00722—Profiles
    • B65D2543/00731—Groove or hollow bead
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00592—Snapping means
    • B65D2543/00712—Snapping means on the lid
    • B65D2543/00787—Periphery concerned
    • B65D2543/00796—Totality
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00592—Snapping means
    • B65D2543/00712—Snapping means on the lid
    • B65D2543/00787—Periphery concerned
    • B65D2543/00805—Segments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00824—Means for facilitating removing of the closure
    • B65D2543/00833—Integral tabs, tongues, handles or similar
    • B65D2543/00842—Integral tabs, tongues, handles or similar outside of the lid

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of plastic packaging, and more particularly containers provided with a plastic cover having a gripping tab for opening the container.
  • This groove has, either on its wall on the inside of the container, or on the other wall on the outside, or on both walls, a bead or a shoulder of direction parallel to the groove which will be used to pinch the rolled or flattened edge of the container so as to ensure a tight seal, the seal being supplemented by various sealing means.
  • the lid can be reused by the consumer to close it again if the contents have not been completely consumed.
  • the cover has a grip tab that will be used to remove the cover the first time and the following times.
  • the gripping tab is a small flat surface extending parallel to the upper face of the cover and connecting to it on its peripheral part.
  • This usual embodiment of the tongue has several drawbacks. If you want to have sufficient tightness of the lid, it takes a fairly large effort to open which can lead to a rupture of the tab by the consumer, who can no longer open the jar. In addition, maintaining the pots at a temperature of the order of 4 ° C on the refrigerated shelves of supermarkets makes the plastic more brittle, and so it may happen that when opening the lid is torn.
  • the invention aims to remedy these drawbacks and to allow easy opening of the container, reducing the risk of rupture of the tongue and the cover, without affecting the cost of manufacturing the cover.
  • the subject of the invention is a plastic cover for sealing a container, provided with a peripheral skirt covering the orifice of the container by hooking on the edge of this orifice and comprising a gripping tab fixed to this skirt and serving to remove the container lid, characterized in that the tongue has a volume shape such that its intersection with the peripheral skirt is a curve comprising a central part whose apex is situated at a height h greater than 3 times the thickness of the tongue from the lower edge of the skirt, and connecting on either side of this central part at the lower edge of the skirt.
  • This curve may for example have a rectangular, trapezoidal shape or a more rounded shape on the back of a donkey.
  • Figures 1a and 1b and 1c respectively show a front view and a top view of a re-entrant lid for a non-sealed pot of the prior art and in axial section the corresponding pot.
  • Figures 2a and 2b respectively show a front view and a top view of a styling cover for a sealed pot of the prior art.
  • Figures 3a and 3b show a re-entrant cover according to the invention.
  • Figure 4 shows the intersection of the tongue and the peripheral skirt of a cover according to the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a diagram of the device for measuring the opening force of the container.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 represent the traction curves obtained respectively with a cover of the prior art and a cover of the same type according to the invention using the measuring device of FIG. 5.
  • the plastic cover (1) has a peripheral skirt (2) which will cover the flattened edge (3) of the container (4) when it is closed.
  • the skirt (2) has on the external side a groove (5) in relief towards the inside of the skirt (2), the clipping of which on the edge (3), associated with sealing means, will seal the container (4).
  • a "styling" cover such as that shown in FIG. 2, intended to close a container, the orifice of which has already been closed by a seal made of plastic or metalloplastic film sealed on the flattened edge (3), the skirt (2) has notches (6) ensuring closure.
  • the cover (1) has a grip tab (7).
  • This tab is shown in rectangular form, but may have another shape, for example trapezoidal or semi-circular.
  • the tongue (7) is flat and connects to the cover (1) along the lower edge of the skirt (2).
  • the intersection curve is therefore located in the horizontal plane of the tongue (7).
  • the tongue (7) is connected to the cover by an intersection curve (8) which is no longer in the horizontal plane of the lower edge of the peripheral skirt (2), but which rises over part of the height of this skirt.
  • This intersection curve (8) thus comprises a central part (9), the highest part or the top of which are at a height h equal to at least 3 times the thickness of the tongue (7), minimum height in below which the beneficial effects of the invention are no longer perceptible.
  • This central part (9) is connected symmetrically on either side by lateral parts (10) and (11) to the lower edge of the skirt (2).
  • intersection curve of the tongue (7) and the skirt (2) may for example be a broken line of approximately rectangular or trapezoidal shape deviating downward, with rounded angles required by the implementation of the plastic material.
  • This intersection curve (8) can also be a continuous symmetrical curve in the shape of a donkey or Gauss curve, the apex of which is at a height h equal to at least 3 times the thickness of the tongue ( 7).
  • This tongue shape allows a more comfortable grip than a flat tongue. It reduces the risk of tearing the tab or the lid when the container is opened.
  • the cover according to the invention can be made of any type of plastic material compatible with the product to be packaged and satisfying the regulations for food products, for example polypropylene and its alloys or polystyrene and its alloys.
  • the homopolymer polypropylene cover can be made like the pot instead of a copolymer, which simplifies the supply and reduces costs.
  • the tongue better anchored on the lid, is better held and does not curve upwards, which simplifies the handling of stacks of lids during printing or packaging, while having a sufficiently soft material for marking on the tab with indications such as the expiry date.
  • Two lids of the "reentry" type were made by thermoforming from a polypropylene sheet, 116 mm in diameter, intended to close 50 cl cylindrical jars filled with fromage blanc.
  • the two covers have a 7.8 mm high peripheral skirt provided with a groove.
  • the first is provided with a flat tongue, approximately rectangular in shape 12 x 22 mm and 0.4 mm thick.
  • the second is provided with a tab according to the invention of the same thickness but of prismatic shape, the high edge of which is located at a height of 2.6 mm above the plane of the lower edge of the skirt.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show respectively the curves obtained with the flat tongue cover and the cover according to the invention.
  • the maximum force is 16.1 N for a displacement of 14 mm and an energy of 0.0995 J.
  • the force is 12.9 N for a displacement of 11 mm and an energy of 0.0512 J.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
EP19950420277 1994-10-12 1995-10-10 Deckel aus Kunststoff mit Abzugslasche Expired - Lifetime EP0706950B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9412382 1994-10-12
FR9412382A FR2725698B1 (fr) 1994-10-12 1994-10-12 Couvercle en matiere plastique muni d'une languette de prehension

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0706950A1 true EP0706950A1 (de) 1996-04-17
EP0706950B1 EP0706950B1 (de) 1997-09-24

Family

ID=9467937

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19950420277 Expired - Lifetime EP0706950B1 (de) 1994-10-12 1995-10-10 Deckel aus Kunststoff mit Abzugslasche

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0706950B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69500762T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2725698B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016003603A1 (en) * 2014-07-03 2016-01-07 International Paper Company Thermoformed articles from polypropylene polymer compositions

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR559108A (fr) * 1922-11-25 1923-09-10 Boîte et dispositif en facilitant l'ouverture et la fermeture
BE825535A (fr) * 1975-02-14 1975-05-29 Col de bouteille ou autre recipient

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR559108A (fr) * 1922-11-25 1923-09-10 Boîte et dispositif en facilitant l'ouverture et la fermeture
BE825535A (fr) * 1975-02-14 1975-05-29 Col de bouteille ou autre recipient

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016003603A1 (en) * 2014-07-03 2016-01-07 International Paper Company Thermoformed articles from polypropylene polymer compositions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0706950B1 (de) 1997-09-24
DE69500762T2 (de) 1998-03-12
FR2725698B1 (fr) 1996-11-22
DE69500762D1 (de) 1997-10-30
FR2725698A1 (fr) 1996-04-19

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