EP0703299B1 - Method and apparatus for hardening the steel edges of skis - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for hardening the steel edges of skis Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0703299B1
EP0703299B1 EP95114322A EP95114322A EP0703299B1 EP 0703299 B1 EP0703299 B1 EP 0703299B1 EP 95114322 A EP95114322 A EP 95114322A EP 95114322 A EP95114322 A EP 95114322A EP 0703299 B1 EP0703299 B1 EP 0703299B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ski
jet
cooling jet
edge
cooling
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP95114322A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0703299A1 (en
Inventor
Herbert Ing. Hafner
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/04—Structure of the surface thereof
    • A63C5/048—Structure of the surface thereof of the edges
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/20—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for blades for skates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/12—Making thereof; Selection of particular materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
    • C21D2221/02—Edge parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for hardening ski steel edges, the Ski steel edge in the mounted state on the ski is successively heated by means of an energy beam directed directly at the ski steel edge and cooled by means of a cooling jet directed directly at the ski steel edge, as well as a device for Execution of the procedure.
  • ski steel edges It is known to harden ski steel edges by heat treatment. For this, the Ski steel edges heated up to a certain hardening temperature and then cooled. The ski steel edge is used to heat the ski steel edge for example, put in an oven before mounting on the ski and after Reach the desired curing temperature out of the oven removed and cooled with water.
  • this method is cumbersome and economically unsatisfactory.
  • ski steel edge assembled for example using a hot flame and then heating the ski to move over a water-cooled copper shoe around the edge of the ski steel cool down again.
  • the entire ski is heated inevitable, so that the brought into the ski during the manufacture of the ski Preload is at least partially lost.
  • Ski equipment can be affected by this treatment.
  • the desired hardness of the ski steel edge is not always achievable.
  • DE-A-4 000 744 discloses the hardening of ski steel edges in the mounted state on the ski, the steel edge being heated by means of a laser beam directed perpendicularly onto the underside of the steel edge and then by means of adjacent coupler strips arranged at a right angle or by means of a targeted air jet is cooled.
  • the present invention has for its object a method for Hardening of ski steel edges and a device for carrying out the method to make available, with which the ski steel edges are even more targeted and economical can be hardened without significantly influencing the other ski material.
  • This object is achieved on the procedural side in that the cooling jet a cryogenic liquefied gas in liquid and / or gaseous form and / or in form of snow contains.
  • any type of directional energy supply is blocked under an energy beam understand that leads to heating in the edge of the ski steel. Fall in particular including microwave fields, laser beams and plasma beams.
  • the ski on the one hand and the energy beam and the cooling jet on the other hand along the Longitudinal axis of the ski moved relative to each other, so that each longitudinal section of the Ski steel edge is first captured by the energy beam and then by the cooling jet.
  • the ski is expediently connected to the energy jet and the cooling jet moved past. In this way, the skis are treated like an assembly line enables larger quantities of skis in an economical way Can be subjected to hardening of the ski steel edge.
  • the energy beam is one generated in a plasma torch Plasma beam used.
  • Plasma rays can be generated by ionization of argon or Nitrogen or mixed gases are produced.
  • the ionization can an electrical discharge or by excitation with a high frequency electromagnetic field can be reached.
  • a suitable shape of the electrodes or a special design of the outlet nozzle of the plasma torch can narrow plasma beam can be produced.
  • thermal energy is introduced into the edge of the ski steel without this surrounding ski equipment is impaired.
  • the plasma jet is expediently set so that only the Ski steel edge, but not the adjacent ski material is caught by the plasma jet.
  • the diameter of the plasma jet at the outlet nozzle of the Plasma torch and the distance of the outlet nozzle from the edge of the ski steel matched that the plasma jet at most the width of the ski steel edge covers.
  • Inert gas mixture existing cooling jet used.
  • Inert gas Come as an inert gas in particular liquid nitrogen or liquid carbon dioxide and the like emerging cold gases in question. Due to the associated protective gas effect unwanted oxidation of the ski steel edge is reliably prevented.
  • the proposed cooling jet of gas and snow is one associated with a whole range of advantages.
  • the said cooling jet is relative simply by skillful relaxation conventionally in gas cylinders stored carbon dioxide can be generated.
  • a particularly intensive cooling of the acted area, especially on the snow particles in the Cooling jet is an essential part of the cooling effect.
  • the snow particles stick namely at the edge of the ski steel and evaporate while absorbing heat.
  • this cooling method is dry cooling. This means that no coolant residues on the edge of the ski steel after cooling remain because the carbon dioxide at normal ambient temperatures assumes gaseous state.
  • the cooling jet can be made particularly easily from pressurized, gaseous or liquid carbon dioxide by expansion through a standard nozzle with an exposed round opening.
  • cooling jet generation is, however, the Cooling jet of preferably gaseous, pressurized To gain carbon dioxide in such a way that the carbon dioxide has a slit-like Opening initially into a largely formed around this slot-like opening sealed off from the environment and having an outlet opening Expansion volume is expanded and the outlet opening from a Mixture of cold gas and snow particles existing cooling jet is discharged.
  • the Cooling jet of preferably gaseous, pressurized To gain carbon dioxide in such a way that the carbon dioxide has a slit-like Opening initially into a largely formed around this slot-like opening sealed off from the environment and having an outlet opening Expansion volume is expanded and the outlet opening from a Mixture of cold gas and snow particles existing cooling jet is discharged.
  • the slot nozzle with its narrow cross-sectional opening creates one Expansion gas jet with a significantly enlarged surface.
  • This enlarged Surface results in an increased interaction of the expansion gas jet with its environment, which is formed by an expansion volume in which almost exclusively expanded, cold carbon dioxide gas. Warmer Ambient air therefore has no direct access to the expanded Carbon dioxide. This means that initially only little heat from the environment the carbon dioxide can flow, so that in the expansion volume due to the there prevailing heat deficits an increased formation of carbon dioxide snow particles takes place. In comparison to an unshielded expansion, one becomes clear increased proportion of snow particles, which produces the desired strong cooling effect cause.
  • the gas / snow mixture created in the expansion volume is over formed the further course of the expansion volume into a cooling jet and steered through the outlet opening onto the edge of the ski steel.
  • Both the energy beam and the cooling jet are expediently applied to the edge of the ski steel edge facing away from the ski and the diameter of the Energy beam and the cooling jet set so that the ski itself from the Energy beam and is detected by the cooling jet. This ensures that the generated temperature change essentially on the outer edge of the ski steel edge limited, while the ski itself is not affected. It is coming namely, that the outer edge of the ski steel has the necessary hardness to ensure that the ski is the desired one over several years Keeps grip even on icy ski slopes.
  • the invention further relates to a device for performing the method with a Support for the ski in the form of angled planes that attach to the ski Ski steel edges surround the exposed outer surfaces, with bushings for the energy beam and the cooling jet being provided in the support.
  • This device is characterized in that the Implementations in Direction of the bisector of the angle formed by the angled planes Angle.
  • a plasma beam is expediently used as the energy beam.
  • the purpose in the area of the implementation for the energy beam is a plasma torch arranged, the outlet opening for the plasma jet in the direction of Execution points and points towards the edge of the ski steel edge facing away from the ski is.
  • This is in the area of implementation for the Cooling jet an expansion nozzle for the generation of a cold gas and snow particles having cooling jet arranged.
  • the expansion nozzle consists of an a carbon dioxide source connectable inner tube with a final slot nozzle as well as one that envelops the inner tube at the end of the slot nozzle protruding and an expansion volume forming outer tube, which at its the End facing away from the slot nozzle has an outlet opening for the cooling jet.
  • This Outlet opening for the cooling jet points in the direction of the passage for the Cooling jet and is directed towards the edge of the ski steel edge facing away from the ski.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show sections through the copper shoes shown in Figure 1 in the levels AA and BB.
  • Figure 4 shows an expansion nozzle for generating the cooling jet in section.
  • FIG. 5 shows a section through the expansion nozzle shown in FIG. 4 in the plane SS.
  • the copper slide shoe 1 in FIGS. 1 and 3 consists of copper sheets angled at right angles.
  • the ski to be machined is inserted in the direction of arrow 2 parallel to the longitudinal axis of the copper sliding block 1 between the two mirror-symmetrically arranged copper sliding blocks 1 in such a way that the ski steel edges rest on the lying legs of the copper sliding blocks 1 and laterally from the standing legs of the copper Slide shoes 1 are performed.
  • bushings 3 and 4 are for the cooling jet and Plasma beam arranged. Each longitudinal section of the ski steel edges passes with one Time delay first the plasma jet and then the cooling jet.
  • the cooling jet is generated using a carbon dioxide expansion nozzle.
  • an expansion nozzle 5 is arranged having for the generation of a cold gas and snow particles cooling jet in the region of the passage 3 for the cooling jet, in accordance with Figures 4 and 5 made of a connectable to a source of carbon dioxide inner tube 6 with final slot 7 and one the inner tube 6 at the slit nozzle end enveloping, projecting and forming an expansion volume outer tube 9, which has an outlet opening 10 for the cooling jet at its end facing away from the slot nozzle 7.
  • the outlet opening 10 for the cooling jet points in the direction of the passage 3 for the cooling jet and is directed towards the edge of the ski steel edge facing away from the ski.
  • the plasma jet is generated using a plasma torch.
  • a plasma torch 11 is arranged in the area of the feedthrough 4 for the energy beam, whose outlet opening for the plasma jet shows in the direction of bushing 4 and is directed towards the edge of the ski steel edge facing away from the ski.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The method concerns hardening of steel ski edges where the edges are heated and subsequently cooled. It is characterised by the fact that the edges - in the assembled state of the ski - are in succession heated and cooled by means of energy and cooling beams aimed directly at the edge. The cooling beam contains a gas liquefiable at cryogenic temperatures, in liquid and/or gaseous state and/or in the form of snow particles. The appts. includes angled copper elements (1) which are provided with cutouts, (3,4) respectively for passage of cooling and energy beams.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Härten von Skistahlkanten, wobei die Skistahlkante in auf dem Ski montiertem Zustand nacheinander mittels eines direkt auf die Skistahlkante gerichteten Energiestrahls aufgeheirt und mittels eines direkt auf die Skistahlkante gerichteten Kühlstrahls abgekühlt wird, sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for hardening ski steel edges, the Ski steel edge in the mounted state on the ski is successively heated by means of an energy beam directed directly at the ski steel edge and cooled by means of a cooling jet directed directly at the ski steel edge, as well as a device for Execution of the procedure.

Es ist bekannt, Skistahlkanten durch Wärmebehandlung zu härten. Hierzu werden die Skistahlkanten bis zu einer bestimmten Härtungstemperatur aufgeheizt und anschließend abgekühlt. Zum Aufheizen der Skistahlkante wird die Skistahlkante beispielsweise vor der Montage auf dem Ski in einen Ofen eingegeben und nach Erreichen der gewünschten Härtungstemperatur wieder aus dem Ofen herausgenommen und mit Wasser abgekühlt. Diese Methode ist jedoch umständlich und wirtschaftlich unbefriedigend.It is known to harden ski steel edges by heat treatment. For this, the Ski steel edges heated up to a certain hardening temperature and then cooled. The ski steel edge is used to heat the ski steel edge for example, put in an oven before mounting on the ski and after Reach the desired curing temperature out of the oven removed and cooled with water. However, this method is cumbersome and economically unsatisfactory.

Eine andere Möglichkeit besteht darin, die Skistahlkante in montiertem Zustand beispielsweise mittels einer heißen Flamme aufzuheizen und anschließend den Ski über einen wassergekühlten Kupfergleitschuh zu bewegen, um die Skistahlkante wieder abzukühlen. Bei dieser Methode ist eine Aufheizung des gesamten Skis unvermeidlich, so daß die bei der Herstellung des Skis in den Ski eingebrachte Vorspannung zumindest teilweise wieder verloren geht. Außerdem kann das Skimaterial durch diese Behandlung in Mitleidenschaft gezogen werden. Darüberhinaus ist die gewünschte Härte der Skistahlkante nicht immer erreichbar.Another option is to have the ski steel edge assembled for example using a hot flame and then heating the ski to move over a water-cooled copper shoe around the edge of the ski steel cool down again. With this method, the entire ski is heated inevitable, so that the brought into the ski during the manufacture of the ski Preload is at least partially lost. Besides, that can Ski equipment can be affected by this treatment. In addition, the desired hardness of the ski steel edge is not always achievable.

DE-A-4 000 744 offenbart das Härten von Ski- Stahlkanten in auf dem Ski montiertem Zustand, wobei die Stahlkante mittels eines senkrecht auf die Unterseite der Stahlkante gerichteten Laserstrahls erhitzt und dann mittels anliegender, im rechten Winkel angeordneter Kupplerleisten oder mittels eines gezielten Luftstrahls abgekühlt wird.DE-A-4 000 744 discloses the hardening of ski steel edges in the mounted state on the ski, the steel edge being heated by means of a laser beam directed perpendicularly onto the underside of the steel edge and then by means of adjacent coupler strips arranged at a right angle or by means of a targeted air jet is cooled.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Härtung von Skistahlkanten sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zur Verfügung zu stellen, womit die Skistahlkanten auf wirtschaftliche Weise noch besser gezielt und ohne wesentliche Beeinflussung des sonstigen Skimaterials gehärtet werden können.The present invention has for its object a method for Hardening of ski steel edges and a device for carrying out the method to make available, with which the ski steel edges are even more targeted and economical can be hardened without significantly influencing the other ski material.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß verfahrensseitig dadurch gelöst, daß der Kühlstrahl ein tiefkalt verflüssigtes Gas in flüssiger und/oder gasförmiger Form und/oder in Form von Schnee enthält. This object is achieved on the procedural side in that the cooling jet a cryogenic liquefied gas in liquid and / or gaseous form and / or in form of snow contains.

Dabei ist unter einem Energiestrahl jede Art von richtungsgebundener Energiezufuhr zu verstehen, die in der Skistahlkante zu einer Erwärmung führt. Insbesondere fallen darunter gerichtete Mikrowellenfelder, Laserstrahlen und Plasmastrahlen.Here, any type of directional energy supply is blocked under an energy beam understand that leads to heating in the edge of the ski steel. Fall in particular including microwave fields, laser beams and plasma beams.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung wird eine gezielte Aufheizung und Abkühlung der Skistahlkante erreicht, wobei das an die Skistahlkante anschließende Skimaterial nicht beeinflußt wird. Eine unerwünschte Veränderung des Skimaterials kann somit ausgeschlossen werden. Außerdem wird eine zu starke Erwärmung und Abkühlung des Skis vermieden, so daß die einmal in den Ski eingebrachte Vorspannung erhalten bleibt. Durch die gerichtete Wärmezufuhr und Wärmeabfuhr geht auch weniger Energie ungenutzt verloren, wodurch die Energieeffizienz und damit die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Verfahrens sehr viel besser ist als bei den bisher angewandten Methoden. Aufgrund des sehr effektiven Abtransports der entstehenden Wärmemenge durch den aus tiefkalt verflüssigtem Gas bestehenden Kühlstrahl wird auch eine raschere Abkühlgeschwindigkeit als bisher erreicht, sodaß eine höhere Härte der Skistahlkante erzielt wird.With the solution according to the invention, a targeted heating and cooling of the Ski steel edge reached, but the ski material adjoining the ski steel edge does not being affected. An undesirable change in the ski material can thus be excluded. In addition, there is excessive heating and cooling of the ski avoided, so that the pre-tension introduced into the ski is maintained remains. Directional heat supply and heat dissipation also means less energy lost unused, reducing the energy efficiency and thus the profitability of the Process is much better than the previously used methods. Because of the very effective removal of the resulting amount of heat through the deep-freeze liquefied gas existing cooling jet will also be faster Cooling speed reached than before, so that a higher hardness of the ski steel edge is achieved.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden der Ski einerseits und der Energiestrahl sowie der Kühlstrahl andererseits entlang der Längsachse des Skis relativ zueinander bewegt, sodaß jeder Längsabschnitt der Skistahlkante zuerst vom Energiestrahl und danach vom Kühlstrahl erfaßt wird. Zweckmäßigerweise wird der Ski an dem Energiestrahl und dem Kühlstrahl vorbeibewegt. Auf diese Weise wird eine fließbandartige Behandlung der Skier ermöglicht, wodurch auch größere Mengen an Skiern auf wirtschaftliche Weise einer Härtung der Skistahlkante unterzogen werden können.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the ski on the one hand and the energy beam and the cooling jet on the other hand along the Longitudinal axis of the ski moved relative to each other, so that each longitudinal section of the Ski steel edge is first captured by the energy beam and then by the cooling jet. The ski is expediently connected to the energy jet and the cooling jet moved past. In this way, the skis are treated like an assembly line enables larger quantities of skis in an economical way Can be subjected to hardening of the ski steel edge.

Vorzugsweise wird als Energiestrahl ein in einem Plasmabrenner erzeugter Plasmastrahl verwendet. Plasmastrahlen können durch Ionisation von Argon oder Stickstoff bzw. von Mischgasen hergestellt werden. Dabei kann die Ionisation durch eine elektrische Entladung oder durch Anregung mit einem hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Feld erreicht werden. Durch eine geeignete Form der Elektroden oder eine besondere Ausbildung der Austrittsdüse des Plasmabrenners kann ein schmaler Plasmastrahl produziert werden. Mittels eines solchen Plasmastrahls kann gezielt Wärmeenergie in die Skistahlkante eingebracht werden, ohne daß das umgebende Skimaterial beeinträchtigt wird. Preferably, the energy beam is one generated in a plasma torch Plasma beam used. Plasma rays can be generated by ionization of argon or Nitrogen or mixed gases are produced. The ionization can an electrical discharge or by excitation with a high frequency electromagnetic field can be reached. By a suitable shape of the electrodes or a special design of the outlet nozzle of the plasma torch can narrow plasma beam can be produced. By means of such a plasma jet targeted thermal energy is introduced into the edge of the ski steel without this surrounding ski equipment is impaired.

Dabei wird der Plasmastrahl zweckmäßigerweise so eingestellt, daß nur die Skistahlkante, nicht aber das angrenzende Skimaterial vom Plasmastrahl erfaßt wird. Hierzu werden der Durchmesser des Plasmastrahls bei der Austrittsdüse des Plasmabrenners und der Abstand der Austrittsdüse von der Skistahlkante so aufeinander abgestimmt, daß der Plasmastrahl höchstens die Breite der Skistahlkante abdeckt.The plasma jet is expediently set so that only the Ski steel edge, but not the adjacent ski material is caught by the plasma jet. For this purpose, the diameter of the plasma jet at the outlet nozzle of the Plasma torch and the distance of the outlet nozzle from the edge of the ski steel matched that the plasma jet at most the width of the ski steel edge covers.

Zum Abkühlen der Skistahlkante wird bevorzugt ein aus einem Inertgas oder einem Inertgasgemisch bestehender Kühlstrahl verwendet. Als Inertgas kommen insbesondere flüssiger Stickstoff oder flüssiges Kohlendioxid und die daraus entstehenden Kaltgase in Frage. Aufgrund der damit verbundenen Schutzgaswirkung wird eine unerwünschte Oxidation der Skistahlkante zuverlässig verhindert.To cool the edge of the ski steel, one of an inert gas or an is preferably used Inert gas mixture existing cooling jet used. Come as an inert gas in particular liquid nitrogen or liquid carbon dioxide and the like emerging cold gases in question. Due to the associated protective gas effect unwanted oxidation of the ski steel edge is reliably prevented.

Als besonders vorteilhaft ist die Verwendung eines Gemisches aus Kaltgas und Schneepartikeln anzusehen. Mit einem aus einem solchen Gemisch bestehenden Kühlstrahl ist eine besonders effektive Kühlung der Skistahlkante möglich.The use of a mixture of cold gas and is particularly advantageous To look at snow particles. With one consisting of such a mixture A particularly effective cooling of the ski steel edge is possible with a cooling jet.

Eine Verwendung des vorgeschlagenen Kühlstrahls aus Gas und Schnee ist mit einer ganzen Reihe von Vorteilen verbunden. Zum einen ist der besagte Kühlstrahl auf relativ einfache Weise durch geschickte Entspannung konventionell in Gasflaschen gespeicherten Kohlendioxids erzeugbar. Zum anderen wird durch das gerichtet zugeführte, kalte Gas-/Schneegemisch eine besonders intensive Kühlung des beaufschlagten Bereichs bewirkt, wobei gerade auch auf den Schneepartikeln im Kühlstrahl ein wesentlicher Teil des Kühleffekts beruht. Die Schneepartikel haften nämlich an der Skistahlkante an und verdampfen unter Wärmeaufnahme. Zudem handelt es sich bei dieser Kühlmethode um eine trockene Kühlung. Dies bedeutet, daß im Anschluß an die Kühlung keinerlei Kühlmittelrückstände auf der Skistahlkante verbleiben, da das Kohlendioxid bei normalen Umgebungstemperaturen den gasförmigen Zustand annimmt.One use of the proposed cooling jet of gas and snow is one associated with a whole range of advantages. On the one hand, the said cooling jet is relative simply by skillful relaxation conventionally in gas cylinders stored carbon dioxide can be generated. On the other hand it is judged by that supplied cold gas / snow mixture a particularly intensive cooling of the acted area, especially on the snow particles in the Cooling jet is an essential part of the cooling effect. The snow particles stick namely at the edge of the ski steel and evaporate while absorbing heat. In addition this cooling method is dry cooling. This means that no coolant residues on the edge of the ski steel after cooling remain because the carbon dioxide at normal ambient temperatures assumes gaseous state.

Besonders einfach kann der Kühlstrahl aus unter entsprechendem Druck stehendem, gasförmigen oder flüssigem Kohlendioxid durch Entspannung über eine Standarddüse mit freiliegender rundlicher Öffnung erzeugt werden.The cooling jet can be made particularly easily from pressurized, gaseous or liquid carbon dioxide by expansion through a standard nozzle with an exposed round opening.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Variante der Kühlstrahlerzeugung besteht jedoch darin, den Kühlstrahl aus vorzugsweise gasförmigem, unter einem Überdruck stehenden Kohlendioxid in der Art zu gewinnen, daß das Kohlendioxid über eine schlitzartige Öffnung zunächst in ein um diese schlitzartige Öffnung ausgebildetes, weitgehend gegen die Umgebung abgeschlossenes und eine Austrittsöffnung aufweisendes Expansionsvolumen expandiert wird und über diese Austrittsöffnung der aus einem Gemisch aus Kaltgas und Schneepartikeln bestehende Kühlstrahl abgeführt wird.A particularly advantageous variant of the cooling jet generation is, however, the Cooling jet of preferably gaseous, pressurized To gain carbon dioxide in such a way that the carbon dioxide has a slit-like Opening initially into a largely formed around this slot-like opening sealed off from the environment and having an outlet opening Expansion volume is expanded and the outlet opening from a Mixture of cold gas and snow particles existing cooling jet is discharged.

Die Schlitzdüse mit ihrer schmalen Querschnittsöffnung erzeugt einen Expansionsgasstrahl mit wesentlich vergrößerter Oberfläche. Diese vergrößerte Oberfläche resultiert in einer verstärkten Wechselwirkung des Expansionsgasstrahls mit seiner Umgebung, die von einem Expansionsvolumen gebildet wird, in dem sich fast ausschließlich bereits expandiertes, kaltes Kohlendioxidgas befindet. Wärmere Umgebungsluft besitzt also keinen unmittelbaren Zutritt zum expandierten Kohlendioxid. Daraus ergibt sich, daß zunächst nur wenig Wärme aus der Umgebung dem Kohlendioxid zufließen kann, sodaß im Expansionsvolumen aufgrund des dort herrschenden Wärmedefizits eine verstärkte Bildung von Kohlendioxidschneepartikeln stattfindet. Im Vergleich zu einer unabgeschirmten Expansion wird also ein deutlich erhöhter Anteil an Schneepartikeln erzeugt, welche den erwünschten starken Kühleffekt bewirken. Die im Expansionsvolumen entstandene Gas-/Schneemischung wird über den weiteren Verlauf des Expansionsvolumens zu einem Kühlstrahl ausgebildet und durch die Austrittsöffnung auf die Skistahlkante gelenkt.The slot nozzle with its narrow cross-sectional opening creates one Expansion gas jet with a significantly enlarged surface. This enlarged Surface results in an increased interaction of the expansion gas jet with its environment, which is formed by an expansion volume in which almost exclusively expanded, cold carbon dioxide gas. Warmer Ambient air therefore has no direct access to the expanded Carbon dioxide. This means that initially only little heat from the environment the carbon dioxide can flow, so that in the expansion volume due to the there prevailing heat deficits an increased formation of carbon dioxide snow particles takes place. In comparison to an unshielded expansion, one becomes clear increased proportion of snow particles, which produces the desired strong cooling effect cause. The gas / snow mixture created in the expansion volume is over formed the further course of the expansion volume into a cooling jet and steered through the outlet opening onto the edge of the ski steel.

Zweckmäßigerweise werden sowohl der Energiestrahl als auch der Kühlstrahl auf die vom Ski abgewandte Kante der Skistahlkante gerichtet und der Durchmesser des Energiestrahls und des Kühlstrahls so eingestellt, daß der Ski selbst nicht vom Energiestrahl und vom Kühlstrahl erfaßt wird. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, daß sich die erzeugte Temperaturänderung im wesentlichen auf die äußere Kante der Skistahlkante beschränkt, während der Ski selbst nicht in Mitleidenschaft gezogen wird. Es kommt nämlich darauf an, daß gerade die äußere Skistahlkante die notwendige Härte aufweist, um zu gewährleisten, daß der Ski über mehrere Jahre die gewünschte Griffigkeit auch auf vereister Skipiste behält.Both the energy beam and the cooling jet are expediently applied to the edge of the ski steel edge facing away from the ski and the diameter of the Energy beam and the cooling jet set so that the ski itself from the Energy beam and is detected by the cooling jet. This ensures that the generated temperature change essentially on the outer edge of the ski steel edge limited, while the ski itself is not affected. It is coming namely, that the outer edge of the ski steel has the necessary hardness to ensure that the ski is the desired one over several years Keeps grip even on icy ski slopes.

Die Erfindung betrifft femer eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens mit einer Auflage für den Ski in Form von abgewinkelten Ebenen, die die am Ski montierten Skistahlkanten an den freiliegenden Außenflächen umgeben, wobei in der Auflage Durchführungen für den Energiestrahl und den Kühlstrahl vorgesehen sind.The invention further relates to a device for performing the method with a Support for the ski in the form of angled planes that attach to the ski Ski steel edges surround the exposed outer surfaces, with bushings for the energy beam and the cooling jet being provided in the support.

Diese Vorrichtung ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Durchführungen in Richtung der Winkelhalbierenden des durch die abgewinkelten Ebenen gebildeten Winkels zeigen.This device is characterized in that the Implementations in Direction of the bisector of the angle formed by the angled planes Angle.

Zweckmäßigerweise wird als Energiestrahl ein Plasmastrahl eingesetzt. Zu diesem Zweck ist im Bereich der Durchführung für den Energiestrahl ein Plasmabrenner angeordnet, dessen Austrittsöffnung für den Plasmastrahl in Richtung der Durchführung zeigt und auf die vom Ski abgewandte Kante der Skistahlkante gerichtet ist.A plasma beam is expediently used as the energy beam. To this The purpose in the area of the implementation for the energy beam is a plasma torch arranged, the outlet opening for the plasma jet in the direction of Execution points and points towards the edge of the ski steel edge facing away from the ski is.

Als Kühlstrahl wird bevorzugt ein Gemisch aus einem Kohlendioxid-Kaltgas und Kohlendioxidschneepartikeln verwendet. Hierzu ist im Bereich der Durchführung für den Kühlstrahl eine Expansionsdüse für die Erzeugung eines Kaltgas und Schneepartikel aufweisenden Kühlstrahles angeordnet. Die Expansionsdüse besteht aus einem an eine Kohlendioxidquelle anschließbaren Innenrohr mit abschließender Schlitzdüse sowie einem das Innenrohr am Schlitzdüsenende umhüllenden, darüber hinaus ragenden und ein Expansionsvolumen bildenden Außenrohr, das an seinem der Schlitzdüse abgewandten Ende eine Austrittsöffnung für den Kühlstrahl besitzt. Diese Austrittsöffnung für den Kühlstrahl zeigt in Richtung der Durchführung für den Kühlstrahl und ist auf die vom Ski abgewandte Kante der Skistahlkante gerichtet.A mixture of a carbon dioxide cold gas and is preferably used as the cooling jet Carbon dioxide snow particles used. This is in the area of implementation for the Cooling jet an expansion nozzle for the generation of a cold gas and snow particles having cooling jet arranged. The expansion nozzle consists of an a carbon dioxide source connectable inner tube with a final slot nozzle as well as one that envelops the inner tube at the end of the slot nozzle protruding and an expansion volume forming outer tube, which at its the End facing away from the slot nozzle has an outlet opening for the cooling jet. This Outlet opening for the cooling jet points in the direction of the passage for the Cooling jet and is directed towards the edge of the ski steel edge facing away from the ski.

Im folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand eines in den Figuren schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert werden.In the following, the invention is to be illustrated on the basis of one shown schematically in the figures Embodiment will be explained in more detail.

In Figur 1 sind spiegelsymmetrisch angeordnete Kupfer-Gleitschuhe in der Draufsicht gezeigt.In Figure 1 , mirror-symmetrically arranged copper shoes are shown in plan view.

Die Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen Schnitte durch die in Figur 1 dargestellten Kupfer-Gleitschuhe in den Ebenen A-A und B-B. Figures 2 and 3 show sections through the copper shoes shown in Figure 1 in the levels AA and BB.

Figur 4 zeigt eine Expansionsdüse zur Erzeugung des Kühlstrahls im Schnitt. Figure 4 shows an expansion nozzle for generating the cooling jet in section.

In Figur 5 ist ein Schnitt durch die in Figur 4 gezeigte Expansionsdüse im der Ebene S-S dargestellt. FIG. 5 shows a section through the expansion nozzle shown in FIG. 4 in the plane SS.

Gleiche Vorrichtungsteile sind in den Figuren mit denselben Bezugsziffern bezeichnet. Identical device parts are designated in the figures with the same reference numbers.

Der Kupfer-Gleitschuh 1 in den Figuren 1, und 3 besteht aus rechtwinklig abgewinkelten Kupfer-Blechen. Der zu bearbeitende Ski wird in Pfeilrichtung 2 parallel zur Längsachse des Kupfer-Gleitschuhs 1 so zwischen die beiden spiegelsymmetrisch angeordneten Kupfer-Gleitschuhe 1 eingeführt, daß die Skistahlkanten auf den liegenden Schenkeln der Kupfer-Gleitschuhe 1 aufliegen und seitlich von den stehenden Schenkeln der Kupfer-Gleitschuhe 1 geführt werden.The copper slide shoe 1 in FIGS. 1 and 3 consists of copper sheets angled at right angles. The ski to be machined is inserted in the direction of arrow 2 parallel to the longitudinal axis of the copper sliding block 1 between the two mirror-symmetrically arranged copper sliding blocks 1 in such a way that the ski steel edges rest on the lying legs of the copper sliding blocks 1 and laterally from the standing legs of the copper Slide shoes 1 are performed.

In dem Kupfer-Gleitschuh 1 sind Durchführungen 3 und 4 für den Kühlstrahl und den Plasmastrahl angeordnet. Jeder Längsabschnitt der Skistahlkanten passiert mit einer Zeitverzögerung zuerst den Plasmastrahl und dann den Kühlstrahl.In the copper shoe 1 bushings 3 and 4 are for the cooling jet and Plasma beam arranged. Each longitudinal section of the ski steel edges passes with one Time delay first the plasma jet and then the cooling jet.

Der Kühlstrahl wird mittels einer Kohlendioxid-Expansionsdüse erzeugt. Hierfür ist im Bereich der Durchführung 3 für den Kühlstrahl eine Expansionsdüse 5 für die Erzeugung eines Kaltgas und Schneepartikel aufweisenden Kühlstrahls angeordnet, die gemäß den Figuren 4 und 5 aus einem an eine Kohlendioxidquelle anschließbaren Innenrohr 6 mit abschließender Schlitzdüse 7 sowie einem das Innenrohr 6 am Schlitzdüsenende umhüllenden, darüber hinaus ragenden und ein Expansionsvolumen bildenden Außenrohr 9, das an seinem der Schlitzdüse 7 abgewandten Ende eine Austrittsöffnung 10 für den Kühlstrahl besitzt, besteht. Die Austrittsöffnung 10 für den Kühlstrahl zeigt in Richtung der Durchführung 3 für den Kühlstrahl und ist auf die vom Ski abgewandte Kante der Skistahlkante gerichtet.The cooling jet is generated using a carbon dioxide expansion nozzle. For this purpose an expansion nozzle 5 is arranged having for the generation of a cold gas and snow particles cooling jet in the region of the passage 3 for the cooling jet, in accordance with Figures 4 and 5 made of a connectable to a source of carbon dioxide inner tube 6 with final slot 7 and one the inner tube 6 at the slit nozzle end enveloping, projecting and forming an expansion volume outer tube 9, which has an outlet opening 10 for the cooling jet at its end facing away from the slot nozzle 7. The outlet opening 10 for the cooling jet points in the direction of the passage 3 for the cooling jet and is directed towards the edge of the ski steel edge facing away from the ski.

Der Plasmastrahl wird mittels eines Plasmabrenners erzeugt. Zu diesem Zweck ist im Bereich der Durchführung 4 für den Energiestrahl ein Plasmabrenner 11 angeordnet, dessen Austrittsöffnung für den Plasmastrahl in Richtung der Durchführung 4 zeigt und auf die vom Ski abgewandte Kante der Skistahlkante gerichtet ist.The plasma jet is generated using a plasma torch. For this purpose, A plasma torch 11 is arranged in the area of the feedthrough 4 for the energy beam, whose outlet opening for the plasma jet shows in the direction of bushing 4 and is directed towards the edge of the ski steel edge facing away from the ski.

Claims (9)

  1. Process for hardening steel edges of skis, the steel ski edge, in the position in which it is mounted on the ski, being successively heated by means of an energy jet which is aimed directly onto the steel ski edge and cooled by means of a cooling jet which is likewise aimed directly onto the steel ski edge, characterized in that the cooling jet contains a cryogenic liquefied gas in liquid and/or gaseous form and/or in the form of snow.
  2. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ski, on the one hand, and the energy jet and the cooling jet, on the other hand, are moved relative to one another along the longitudinal axis of the ski, so that each longitudinal section of the steel ski edge is covered firstly by the energy jet and then by the cooling jet.
  3. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a plasma jet generated in a plasma torch is used as the energy jet.
  4. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a mixture of cold gas and snow particles is used as the cooling jet.
  5. Process according to Claim 4, characterized in that the cooling jet is obtained from carbon dioxide which is preferably gaseous and at a superatmospheric pressure, specifically in such a manner that the carbon dioxide, via a slot-like opening, is initially expanded in an expansion volume, which is formed around this slot-like opening, is largely closed off with respect to the environment and has an outlet opening, and then the cooling jet comprising a mixture of cold gas and snow particles is discharged via this outlet opening.
  6. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that both the energy jet and the cooling jet are aimed at that edge of the steel ski edge which is remote from the ski, and the diameters of the energy jet and of the cooling jet are set to be such that the ski itself is not covered by the energy jet and the cooling jet.
  7. Device for carrying out the process according to one of Claims 1 to 6, with a support for the ski in the form of angled-off surfaces (1) which surround the steel ski edges, which are mounted on the ski, on the exposed outer surfaces, ducts (3, 4) for the energy jet and the cooling jet being provided in the support, characterized in that the ducts (3, 4) point in the direction of the angle bisector of the angle formed by the angled-off surfaces (1).
  8. Device according to Claim 7, characterized in that in the region of the duct (4) for the energy jet there is a plasma torch (11), the outlet opening of which for the plasma jet points in the direction of the duct (4) and is aimed at that edge of the steel ski edge which is remote from the ski.
  9. Device according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that an expansion nozzle for generating a cooling jet which contains cold gas and snow particles is arranged in the region of the duct (3) for the cooling jet, which expansion nozzle comprises an inner tube (6), which can be connected to a carbon dioxide source and has a slot nozzle (7) at its end, and an outer tube (9), which surrounds the inner tube (6) at the end of the slot nozzle (7), projects beyond the inner tube, forms an expansion volume and, at its end which is remote from the slot nozzle (7), has an outlet opening (10) for the cooling jet, and in that this outlet opening (10) for the cooling jet points in the direction of the duct (3) for the cooling jet and is aimed at that edge of the steel ski edge which is remote from the ski.
EP95114322A 1994-09-21 1995-09-12 Method and apparatus for hardening the steel edges of skis Expired - Lifetime EP0703299B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4433720 1994-09-21
DE4433720A DE4433720A1 (en) 1994-09-21 1994-09-21 Method and device for hardening ski steel edges

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EP0703299A1 EP0703299A1 (en) 1996-03-27
EP0703299B1 true EP0703299B1 (en) 1999-05-26

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AT (1) ATE180516T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4433720A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10106273A1 (en) * 2001-02-01 2002-08-08 Sms Demag Ag Process for influencing the profile of rolled strip

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE697995C (en) * 1934-07-01 1940-10-29 Peddinghaus Paul Ferd Fa Method and device for hardening the surface
AT286152B (en) * 1968-08-23 1970-11-25 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Steel edges for skis
BE791190A (en) * 1971-11-10 1973-05-10 Ppg Industries Inc TEMPERED
DE2627791C2 (en) * 1976-06-22 1982-12-23 Fa. Paul Ferd. Peddinghaus, 5820 Gevelsberg Process for surface hardening of workpieces
DE3914573A1 (en) * 1989-05-03 1990-11-08 Linde Ag Localised flame treatment of surfaces to prevent damage - has cryogenic cooling medium e.g. argon, nitrogen or carbon di:oxide, applied either side of flame to limit thermal loading
YU135290A (en) * 1989-07-25 1992-12-21 Schuler, Albert HARDENING PROCEDURE FOR CUTTING EDGES OF SAWS, KNIVES AND PUNCHING TOOLS
DE4000744C2 (en) * 1990-01-12 1996-07-11 Trumpf Gmbh & Co Process for steel edges of winter sports equipment

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DE59506013D1 (en) 1999-07-01
DE4433720A1 (en) 1996-03-28
ATE180516T1 (en) 1999-06-15
EP0703299A1 (en) 1996-03-27

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