EP0692921B1 - Sound pick-up device by an electret microphone - Google Patents

Sound pick-up device by an electret microphone Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0692921B1
EP0692921B1 EP19950401674 EP95401674A EP0692921B1 EP 0692921 B1 EP0692921 B1 EP 0692921B1 EP 19950401674 EP19950401674 EP 19950401674 EP 95401674 A EP95401674 A EP 95401674A EP 0692921 B1 EP0692921 B1 EP 0692921B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
differential
microphone
electret microphone
input
preamplifier stage
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EP19950401674
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0692921A1 (en
Inventor
Grégoire Le Tourneur
Marcel Clement
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Orange SA
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France Telecom SA
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/04Microphones
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/04Structural association of microphone with electric circuitry therefor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/01Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets
    • H04R19/016Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets for microphones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sound recording device. by electret microphone.
  • the final cost of the product essentially depends the type of microphone used, the cost of which varies as a direct result of its quality.
  • the recording requires the use of several microphones, such as in the case of group communication terminals, acoustic antennas or video or audio conference rooms, the overall cost can become very high.
  • Dynamic microphones are generally used for sound recording in shows and in studio, because of their very high quality, but their price high and their irreducible size do not intend them sound recording for telephone terminals, or any making sound economic.
  • Electret microphones providing a weak useful signal, require a preamplifier in order to bring the output signal of the electret capsule to a level of the order of a volt.
  • the electret capsule must be supplied with electrical energy, since it incorporates a field effect transistor.
  • the electret microphone M comprising a point connected to ground and a point receiving the electrical supply and delivering the useful audio signal, the usual arrangement is shown in FIG. 1a.
  • the output level of the useful signal which varies from a few hundred microvolts to a few tens of millivolts, depending on the sensitivity of the capsules and the position of the microphone relative to the source, i.e.
  • this mounting requires the implementation of a high gain preamplification stage.
  • the presence of this significant gain makes the assembly very sensitive to power supply noise and electromagnetic disturbances. Indeed, if the supply voltage VM is not perfectly regulated, the variations thereof are seen as a useful signal by the preamplification stage. The same is true for electromagnetic radiation or parasites, which affect the useful input of the preamplification stage.
  • Such sound recording systems are said to be noisy, because these, on the one hand, have a low signal ratio noise when the power supply is not perfectly regulated, rate of change less than or equal to 0.5%, and, on the other hand, are very sensitive to electromagnetic radiation interference, 50 Hz, if the mounting is not perfectly armored.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks, by the use of a device sound recording by differential type electret microphone in which any transformer is removed.
  • Another object of the present invention is also the implementation of a sound recording device by good quality electret microphone, due to sound operating in differential mode.
  • the device for taking sound from an electret microphone, object of the present invention, in which signals delivered by the electret microphone are amplified by means of a differential preamplifier stage, is remarkable in that it comprises a link by connection capacity between each output terminal of the electret microphone and an input of the differential preamplifier stage.
  • a symmetrical bias circuit of the output terminals of the electret microphone is provided, which comprises a first and a second voltage source, symmetrical with respect to a reference voltage, and each connected to an output terminal of the electret microphone.
  • the electret microphone sound recording device object of the present invention finds application to the realization of quality sound recording systems in the telecommunications, voice recognition, acoustic antennas.
  • the sound pickup device In order to amplify the signals delivered by the electret microphone M by means of a preamplifier stage differential 3, the sound pickup device according to the invention includes, as shown in FIG. 2 above, one link 1 per link capacity between each electret microphone output terminal M and an input of the differential preamplifier stage 3. The capacities of link bear the reference 11 and 12 in FIG. 2.
  • a symmetrical bias circuit of the electret microphone output terminals M is provided, this circuit bearing the reference 2 in FIG. 2 above.
  • first 21 and a second 22 voltage source each voltage source 21, 22 is connected via resistance 210, respectively 220, to a electret microphone output terminal M.
  • the polarization 2 must be symmetrical, the supply voltages -VM and + VM delivered by sources 21 and 22 being opposite, resistors 210 and 220 and capacitors 11 and 12 being identical, for rejection in common mode.
  • the differential preamplifier stage 3 can advantageously include on each input channel a preamplifier device in non-differential mode, marked 30 respectively 31.
  • the preamplifiers in non-differential mode 30 and 31 can comprise in a conventional manner a positive terminal forming an input terminal for the signals delivered by the connection capacities 11 respectively 12, and resistive feedback coupling through resistors 301 respectively 311 on the terminal corresponding negative.
  • the output resistors 302 and 312 are used to drive a differential amplifier outlet 32, which can conventionally include a positive terminal forming input terminal connected to the output of the preamplifier 31 via a resistor 321 and with a capacity 322 in parallel connected between the terminal above positive input and the reference voltage, and a negative input terminal connected on the one hand, in feedback by a circuit 320 capacity 323 at the terminal of output of amplifier 32, and, on the other hand, to the resistor 302 of the preamplifier output in non-differential mode 30.
  • each preamplifier device in non-differential mode 30 and 31 is connected to the reference voltage by via an input resistor 300, respectively 310.
  • an adjustable resistance 313 is provided, this resistance connecting the two negative inputs of each preamplifier device in non-differential mode 30 and 31.
  • Resistor 313 may include a resistor non-adjustable non-zero value and thus allows to make a gain difference adjustment in non-differential mode of the preamplifier devices non-differential 30 and 31 above.
  • a noticeable improvement in the system, the subject of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, can then be brought, as shown in Figure 4, so to reduce the noise inherent in the two supply voltages 21 and 22 in the case in particular where disturbances of non-symmetrical noise would appear on these power supplies.
  • the microphone sound pickup device electret, object of the present invention further comprises, between the differential preamplifier stage 3 and the link by link capacity, on each of the input channels of the aforementioned differential preamplifier stage 3, a circuit of reverse coupling of each of the input channels to the circuit of symmetrical polarization.
  • This inverted coupling circuit said feed rejection, allows to re-inject at level of each input terminal of the preamplifier stage differential the voltages delivered by the sources of inverted symmetrical voltages, deprived of their components continue.
  • the coupling circuit 4 has a first and a second circuit, each formed by a resistor and an electric capacitor in series, bearing the references 211, 212, respectively 221, 222.
  • the first circuit 211, 212 is connected between the second negative voltage source 21 and the first input of the differential amplifier stage 3, i.e. downstream of link capacity 11.
  • the second circuit 221, 222 is connected between the first positive voltage source 20 and the second input of the differential preamplifier stage 3, that is to say downstream of the connection capacity 12.
  • the supply rejection circuit 4 must be identical to bias circuit 2, resistor 211 being identical at resistor 210, resistor 221 identical to the resistance 220, capacity 212 identical to capacity 12 and the capacity 222 identical to the capacity 11.
  • FIG. 5a shows the response of the assembly of the prior art shown in figure there to a disturbance of the electricity supply sector, that is to say at a frequency of 50 Hz.
  • FIG. 5a is graduated in ordinates in decibels and, on the abscissa, in frequencies. The tests were carried out in the presence of a pink noise and a line at 50 Hz due to a disturbance of the sector as well as the harmonic frequencies thereof.
  • the response of the circuit as shown in the figure the relative in the prior art, clearly exhibits a noise interference at the frequency of the previously mentioned sector.
  • the microphone pickup device electret, object of the present invention, previously described, is particularly advantageous insofar as, by simply replacing the transformer with a circuit capacity link coupling, results, as sound recording, are however identical to the circuits of the prior art comprising such transformers, then that the cost prices of implementing these circuits have been notoriously reduced.
  • circuits in accordance with the object of the present invention, is particularly advantageous in acoustic antennas or in complex circuits requiring sound recording quality.

Description

L'invention concerne un dispositif de prise de son par microphone électret.The invention relates to a sound recording device. by electret microphone.

Lors de la réalisation de systèmes de prise de son de qualité, le coût final du produit dépend essentiellement du type de microphone utilisé, le coût de celui-ci variant en raison directe de sa qualité. Lorsque la prise de son impose la mise en oeuvre de plusieurs microphones, comme dans le cas des terminaux de communication de groupe, des antennes acoustiques ou des salles de visio- ou audioconférence, le coût global peut devenir très élevé.When making sound recording systems quality, the final cost of the product essentially depends the type of microphone used, the cost of which varies as a direct result of its quality. When the recording requires the use of several microphones, such as in the case of group communication terminals, acoustic antennas or video or audio conference rooms, the overall cost can become very high.

A l'heure actuelle, il existe principalement deux grandes familles de microphones :

  • les microphones dynamiques, qui consistent en des capsules traduisant directement le mouvement de l'air, la pression acoustique, en signal électrique, ce type de capsule, passive car ne nécessitant aucune alimentation électrique, délivrant un signal très faible, lequel, de préférence, doit être amplifié au moyen d'un transformateur de très haute qualité ;
  • les microphones électret, lesquels fonctionnent selon le principe de variation de capacité entre deux membranes chargées électriquement, intègrent en sortie un transistor à effet de champ et qui, grâce à cet élément actif, délivrent un signal d'amplitude plus élevée que les précédents. En contrepartie toutefois, il est nécessaire de prévoir une alimentation électrique pour ce type de microphone.
Currently, there are mainly two main families of microphones:
  • dynamic microphones, which consist of capsules directly translating the movement of the air, the acoustic pressure, into an electrical signal, this type of capsule, passive since it requires no electrical supply, delivering a very weak signal, which, preferably, must be amplified using a very high quality transformer;
  • electret microphones, which operate on the principle of varying capacity between two electrically charged membranes, incorporate at the output a field effect transistor and which, thanks to this active element, deliver a signal of higher amplitude than the previous ones. In return, however, it is necessary to provide an electrical supply for this type of microphone.

Les microphones dynamiques sont généralement utilisés pour les prises de son dans les spectacles et en studio, du fait de leur très haute qualité, mais leur prix élevé et leur encombrement irréductible ne les destinent pas à la prise de son pour terminaux téléphoniques, ou à toute prise de son économique.Dynamic microphones are generally used for sound recording in shows and in studio, because of their very high quality, but their price high and their irreducible size do not intend them sound recording for telephone terminals, or any making sound economic.

Les microphones électret, fournissant un signal utile faible, nécessitent un préamplificateur afin d'amener le signal de sortie de la capsule électret à un niveau de l'ordre du volt. La capsule électret doit être alimentée en énergie électrique, car elle intègre un transistor à effet de champ. Pour une capsule "deux points" telle que représentée en figure a, le microphone électret M comprenant un point relié à la masse et un point recevant l'alimentation électrique et délivrant le signal audio utile, le montage habituel est représenté sur la figure 1a. Compte tenu du niveau de sortie du signal utile, lequel varie de quelques centaines de microvolts à quelques dizaines de millivolts, selon la sensibilité des capsules et la position du microphone par rapport à la source, c'est-à-dire le locuteur, ce montage nécessite la mise en oeuvre d'un étage de préamplification à grand gain.
La présence de ce gain important rend le montage très sensible au bruit de l'alimentation et aux perturbations d'origine électromagnétique. En effet, si la tension d'alimentation VM n'est pas parfaitement régulée, les variations de celle-ci sont vues comme un signal utile par l'étage de préamplification. Il en est de même pour les rayonnements ou parasites électromagnétiques, lesquels affectent l'entrée utile de l'étage de préamplification.
Electret microphones, providing a weak useful signal, require a preamplifier in order to bring the output signal of the electret capsule to a level of the order of a volt. The electret capsule must be supplied with electrical energy, since it incorporates a field effect transistor. For a “two-point” capsule as shown in FIG. A, the electret microphone M comprising a point connected to ground and a point receiving the electrical supply and delivering the useful audio signal, the usual arrangement is shown in FIG. 1a. Given the output level of the useful signal, which varies from a few hundred microvolts to a few tens of millivolts, depending on the sensitivity of the capsules and the position of the microphone relative to the source, i.e. the speaker, this mounting requires the implementation of a high gain preamplification stage.
The presence of this significant gain makes the assembly very sensitive to power supply noise and electromagnetic disturbances. Indeed, if the supply voltage VM is not perfectly regulated, the variations thereof are seen as a useful signal by the preamplification stage. The same is true for electromagnetic radiation or parasites, which affect the useful input of the preamplification stage.

De tels types de microphone ont été décrits dans les documents EP-A-0 055 650 et DE 39 33870.

  • Le document EP-A-0 055 650 décrit la liaison des bornes de sortie d'un microphone électret aux entrées positive et négative d'un amplificateur différentiel par capacité et résistance de polarisation, les résistances de polarisation étant portées à la tension d'alimentation respectivement la tension de référence, la masse.
  • Le document DE 39 33870 décrit une alimentation d'un microphone par l'intermédiaire d'un câble et de conducteurs, le blindage étant porté au potentiel de masse et servant de deuxième pôle d'alimentation de courant. Le microphone, formé par deux capsules microphoniques, est soumis à un pilotage en tension, afin de permettre une modification des caractéristiques de transfert du microphone.
Aucun des documents précités ne décrit ni ne suggère une alimentation symétrique du microphone.Such types of microphone have been described in documents EP-A-0 055 650 and DE 39 33 870.
  • The document EP-A-0 055 650 describes the connection of the output terminals of an electret microphone to the positive and negative inputs of a differential amplifier by capacitance and bias resistance, the bias resistors being brought to the supply voltage. respectively the reference voltage, the mass.
  • Document DE 39 33870 describes a power supply for a microphone via a cable and conductors, the shielding being brought to ground potential and serving as a second current supply pole. The microphone, formed by two microphone capsules, is subjected to voltage control, in order to allow a modification of the transfer characteristics of the microphone.
None of the above documents describes or suggests a balanced power supply for the microphone.

De tels systèmes de prise de son sont dits bruités, car ceux-ci, d'une part, présentent un faible rapport signal à bruit lorsque l'alimentation n'est pas parfaitement régulée, taux de variation inférieur ou égal à 0,5%, et, d'autre part, sont très sensibles au rayonnement électromagnétique parasite, 50 Hz, si le montage n'est pas parfaitement blindé.Such sound recording systems are said to be noisy, because these, on the one hand, have a low signal ratio noise when the power supply is not perfectly regulated, rate of change less than or equal to 0.5%, and, on the other hand, are very sensitive to electromagnetic radiation interference, 50 Hz, if the mounting is not perfectly armored.

Afin d'améliorer les performances de ce type de microphone, notamment leur rapport signal à bruit, on a proposé, ainsi que représenté en figure 1b, d'utiliser un montage différentiel. De cette façon, tout bruit en provenance de l'alimentation et toute perturbation influençant les deux voies, 50 Hz parasite, se retrouve, de par la symétrie du montage, sur les deux entrées du préamplificateur différentiel et se trouve donc sensiblement éliminé en sortie.In order to improve the performance of this type of microphone, in particular their signal-to-noise ratio, we have proposed, as shown in Figure 1b, to use a differential mounting. In this way, any noise from of food and any disturbance influencing the two channels, 50 Hz parasitic, is found, by the symmetry of the assembly, on the two inputs of the preamplifier differential and is therefore significantly eliminated in exit.

Afin de mettre en oeuvre un tel montage, il est toutefois nécessaire d'ajouter un transformateur T en sortie de la capsule, afin de permettre le couplage de celle-ci en mode différentiel.In order to implement such an arrangement, it is however necessary to add a transformer T at the output of the capsule, in order to allow the coupling thereof differential mode.

L'utilisation d'un tel transformateur, de type élévateur, améliore la qualité de la prise de son mais présente l'inconvénient majeur d'augmenter le prix de revient et l'encombrement de ce type de dispositif. Une telle solution devient tout-à-fait irréaliste lorsqu'une pluralité de microphones doit être utilisée. En conséquence, il est difficile de réaliser des systèmes de prise de son de bonne qualité avec des microphones électret sans utiliser de transformateurs onéreux et sans l'adjonction d'un blindage électromagnétique conséquent, ce qui rend le coût des installations de prise de son correspondantes élevé, sans que le faible coût intrinsèque des microphones électret ne puisse être effectivement exploité.The use of such a transformer, type elevator, improves the quality of the sound recording but has the major drawback of increasing the price of returns and the size of this type of device. A such a solution becomes completely unrealistic when a multiple microphones should be used. Consequently, it is difficult to realize sound recording systems good quality with electret microphones without using expensive transformers and without the addition of shielding electromagnetic therefore making the cost of corresponding high sound recording installations, without that the low intrinsic cost of electret microphones does can be effectively exploited.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients précités, par la mise en oeuvre d'un dispositif de prise de son par microphone électret de type différentiel dans lequel tout transformateur est supprimé.The object of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks, by the use of a device sound recording by differential type electret microphone in which any transformer is removed.

Un autre objet de la présente invention est également la mise en oeuvre d'un dispositif de prise de son par microphone électret de bonne qualité, en raison de son fonctionnement en mode différentiel.Another object of the present invention is also the implementation of a sound recording device by good quality electret microphone, due to sound operating in differential mode.

Le dispositif de prise de son à partir d'un microphone électret, objet de la présente invention, dans lequel des signaux délivrés par le microphone électret sont amplifiés au moyen d'un étage préamplificateur différentiel, est remarquable en ce qu'il comprend une liaison par capacité de liaison entre chaque borne de sortie du microphone électret et une entrée de l'étage préamplificateur différentiel.
Un circuit de polarisation symétrique des bornes de sortie du microphone électret est prévu, lequel comprend une première et une deuxième source de tension, symétriques par rapport à une tension de référence, et reliées chacune à une borne de sortie du microphone électret.
The device for taking sound from an electret microphone, object of the present invention, in which signals delivered by the electret microphone are amplified by means of a differential preamplifier stage, is remarkable in that it comprises a link by connection capacity between each output terminal of the electret microphone and an input of the differential preamplifier stage.
A symmetrical bias circuit of the output terminals of the electret microphone is provided, which comprises a first and a second voltage source, symmetrical with respect to a reference voltage, and each connected to an output terminal of the electret microphone.

Le dispositif de prise de son à microphone électret, objet de la présente invention, trouve application à la réalisation de systèmes de prise de son de qualité dans le domaine des télécommunications, de la reconnaissance vocale, des antennes acoustiques.The electret microphone sound recording device, object of the present invention finds application to the realization of quality sound recording systems in the telecommunications, voice recognition, acoustic antennas.

Il sera mieux compris à la lecture de la description et à l'observation des dessins ci-après dans lesquels, outre les figures 1a et 1b relatives à l'art antérieur :

  • la figure 2 représente un schéma de principe d'un dispositif de prise de son à microphone électret, objet de la présente invention,
  • la figure 3 représente un schéma complet d'un dispositif de prise de son à microphone électret, conforme à l'objet de la présente invention, tel que représenté en figure 2,
  • la figure 4 représente une variante avantageuse de mise en oeuvre du dispositif de prise de son à microphone électret tel que représenté en figure 3,
  • les figures 5a et 5b représentent des courbes de réponse en fréquence du montage de la figure la, relatif à l'art antérieur, respectivement du descriptif de prise de son selon l'invention, tel que représenté en figure 4.
It will be better understood on reading the description and on observing the following drawings in which, in addition to FIGS. 1a and 1b relating to the prior art:
  • FIG. 2 represents a block diagram of a sound pickup device with an electret microphone, object of the present invention,
  • FIG. 3 represents a complete diagram of a sound pickup device with an electret microphone, in accordance with the object of the present invention, as represented in FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4 represents an advantageous variant of implementation of the electret microphone sound pickup device as shown in FIG. 3,
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b represent frequency response curves of the assembly of FIG. 1a, relating to the prior art, respectively of the description of sound recording according to the invention, as represented in FIG. 4.

Une description plus détaillée d'un dispositif de prise de son à microphone électret, conforme à l'objet de la présente invention, sera maintenant donnée en liaison avec les figures 2 et suivantes.A more detailed description of a electret microphone sound recording, in accordance with the subject of the present invention, will now be given in conjunction with Figures 2 and following.

Sur la figure 2 précitée, on indique que les mêmes références indiquent les mêmes éléments que dans les figures 1a et 1b relatives à l'art antérieur.In FIG. 2 above, it is indicated that the same references indicate the same elements as in the figures 1a and 1b relating to the prior art.

Dans le but d'amplifier les signaux délivrés par le microphone électret M au moyen d'un étage préamplificateur différentiel 3, le dispositif de prise de son selon l'invention comprend, ainsi que représenté sur la figure 2 précitée, une liaison 1 par capacité de liaison entre chaque borne de sortie du microphone électret M et une entrée de l'étage préamplificateur différentiel 3. Les capacités de liaison portent la référence 11 et 12 sur la figure 2.In order to amplify the signals delivered by the electret microphone M by means of a preamplifier stage differential 3, the sound pickup device according to the invention includes, as shown in FIG. 2 above, one link 1 per link capacity between each electret microphone output terminal M and an input of the differential preamplifier stage 3. The capacities of link bear the reference 11 and 12 in FIG. 2.

En outre, un circuit de polarisation symétrique des bornes de sortie du microphone électret M est prévu, ce circuit portant la référence 2 sur la figure 2 précitée.In addition, a symmetrical bias circuit of the electret microphone output terminals M is provided, this circuit bearing the reference 2 in FIG. 2 above.

Il comprend une première 21 et une deuxième 22 source de tension, les tensions délivrées par les sources 21 et 22 étant symétriques par rapport à une tension de référence du dispositif, la masse du dispositif de prise de son. Chaque source de tension 21, 22 est reliée par l'intermédiaire d'une résistance 210, respectivement 220, à une borne de sortie du microphone électret M. Le dispositif de polarisation 2 doit être symétrique, les tensions d'alimentation -VM et +VM délivrées par les sources 21 et 22 étant opposées, les résistances 210 et 220 et les capacités 11 et 12 étant identiques, pour une réjection en mode commun.It includes a first 21 and a second 22 voltage source, the voltages delivered by the sources 21 and 22 being symmetrical with respect to a voltage of reference of the device, the mass of the taking device his. Each voltage source 21, 22 is connected via resistance 210, respectively 220, to a electret microphone output terminal M. The polarization 2 must be symmetrical, the supply voltages -VM and + VM delivered by sources 21 and 22 being opposite, resistors 210 and 220 and capacitors 11 and 12 being identical, for rejection in common mode.

Compte tenu de la liaison par capacité de liaison et de la mise en oeuvre d'une alimentation symétrique par l'intermédiaire des sources de tension 21 et 22, une telle mesure permet d'alimenter par ce biais le transistor à effet de champ de la capsule électret M, ce transistor à effet de champ n'étant pas représenté aux dessins car ce dernier est intégré à la capsule elle-même, ainsi que de transformer le montage du microphone électret M en mode différentiel, ce qui permet d'utiliser en aval de la liaison par capacité de liaison un préamplificateur différentiel 3, tel que représenté sur la figure 2, en supprimant toutefois le transformateur représenté en figure 1b.Taking into account the link by link capacity and the implementation of a symmetrical supply by via voltage sources 21 and 22, such measurement enables the effect transistor to be supplied through this field of the electret capsule M, this effect transistor field not shown in the drawings because the latter is built into the capsule itself, as well as transforming the mounting the electret microphone M in differential mode, this which allows use downstream of the link by capacity of link a differential preamplifier 3, as shown in Figure 2, however removing the transformer shown in Figure 1b.

Afin de maintenir une propriété d'insensibilité au bruit d'alimentation, propriété qui existait dans le montage de l'art antérieur en raison de l'utilisation du transformateur tel que représenté en figure 1b, il est toutefois nécessaire d'utiliser des alimentations électriques 21 et 22 bien régulées et filtrées, afin de garantir un fonctionnement optimal.In order to maintain a property of insensitivity to supply noise, property which existed in the assembly of the prior art due to the use of the transformer as shown in Figure 1b, it is however necessary to use power supplies 21 and 22 well regulated and filtered, to guarantee proper functioning optimal.

Afin toutefois d'améliorer le mode opératoire symétrique de l'ensemble, on indique que, ainsi que représenté en figure 3, l'étage préamplificateur différentiel 3 peut comprendre avantageusement sur chaque voie d'entrée un dispositif préamplificateur en mode non-différentiel, portant la référence 30 respectivement 31.However, in order to improve the operating mode symmetric of the whole, we indicate that, as represented in Figure 3, the differential preamplifier stage 3 can advantageously include on each input channel a preamplifier device in non-differential mode, marked 30 respectively 31.

A titre d'exemple non limitatif, ainsi que représenté sur la figure 3, les préamplificateurs en mode non-différentiel 30 et 31 peuvent comporter de manière classique une borne positive formant borne d'entrée pour les signaux délivrés par les capacités de liaison 11 respectivement 12, et un couplage résistif en contre-réaction par l'intermédiaire de résistances 301 respectivement 311 sur la borne négative correspondante. Les résistances de sortie 302 et 312 permettent d'attaquer un amplificateur différentiel de sortie 32, lequel peut comporter de manière classique une borne positive formant borne d'entrée reliée à la sortie du préamplificateur 31 par l'intermédiaire d'une résistance 321 et d'une capacité 322 en parallèle connectées entre la borne d'entrée positive précitée et la tension de référence, et une borne d'entrée négative reliée d'une part, en contre-réaction par un circuit 320 capacité 323 à la borne de sortie de l'amplificateur 32, et, d'autre part, à la résistance 302 de la sortie du dispositif préamplificateur en mode non-différentiel 30.By way of nonlimiting example, as shown in FIG. 3, the preamplifiers in non-differential mode 30 and 31 can comprise in a conventional manner a positive terminal forming an input terminal for the signals delivered by the connection capacities 11 respectively 12, and resistive feedback coupling through resistors 301 respectively 311 on the terminal corresponding negative. The output resistors 302 and 312 are used to drive a differential amplifier outlet 32, which can conventionally include a positive terminal forming input terminal connected to the output of the preamplifier 31 via a resistor 321 and with a capacity 322 in parallel connected between the terminal above positive input and the reference voltage, and a negative input terminal connected on the one hand, in feedback by a circuit 320 capacity 323 at the terminal of output of amplifier 32, and, on the other hand, to the resistor 302 of the preamplifier output in non-differential mode 30.

En outre, on indique que la borne d'entrée positive de chaque dispositif préamplificateur en mode non-différentiel 30 et 31 est reliée à la tension de référence par l'intermédiaire d'une résistance d'entrée 300, respectivement 310. En outre, une résistance ajustable 313 est prévue, cette résistance reliant les deux entrées négatives de chaque dispositif préamplificateur en mode non-différentiel 30 et 31. La résistance 313 peut comporter une résistance fixe non-ajustable de valeur non nulle et permet ainsi d'effectuer un réglage de rattrapage des différences de gain en mode non-différentiel des dispositifs préamplificateurs non-différentiels 30 et 31 précités.In addition, it is indicated that the positive input terminal of each preamplifier device in non-differential mode 30 and 31 is connected to the reference voltage by via an input resistor 300, respectively 310. In addition, an adjustable resistance 313 is provided, this resistance connecting the two negative inputs of each preamplifier device in non-differential mode 30 and 31. Resistor 313 may include a resistor non-adjustable non-zero value and thus allows to make a gain difference adjustment in non-differential mode of the preamplifier devices non-differential 30 and 31 above.

Le montage tel que représenté en figure 3 donne satisfaction. Toutefois, il nécessite, afin de garantir un fonctionnement optimal, l'utilisation d'alimentations électriques 21 et 22 bien régulées et filtrées, en raison du fait que, dans le cas où une perturbation non-symétrique apparaít sur les sources d'alimentation électrique 21 et 22 précitées, la différence des bruits d'alimentation ainsi formée se retrouve en sortie du montage, c'est-à-dire à la sortie du préamplificateur différentiel 3.The assembly as shown in Figure 3 gives satisfaction. However, in order to guarantee a optimal functioning, the use of power supplies electrics 21 and 22 well regulated and filtered, due to the fact that in the event that a non-symmetric perturbation appears on the power sources 21 and 22 above, the difference in feeding noise as well formed is found at the end of the assembly, that is to say at the differential preamplifier output 3.

Une amélioration notoire du dispositif, objet de la présente invention, tel que représenté en figure 3, peut alors être apportée, ainsi que représenté en figure 4, afin de diminuer le bruit inhérent aux deux tensions d'alimentation 21 et 22 dans le cas notamment où des perturbations de bruit non-symétriques apparaítraient sur ces alimentations.A noticeable improvement in the system, the subject of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, can then be brought, as shown in Figure 4, so to reduce the noise inherent in the two supply voltages 21 and 22 in the case in particular where disturbances of non-symmetrical noise would appear on these power supplies.

Dans ce but, ainsi que représenté sur la figure 4 précitée, le dispositif de prise de son à microphone électret, objet de la présente invention, comprend en outre, entre l'étage préamplificateur différentiel 3 et la liaison par capacité de liaison, sur chacune des voies d'entrée de l'étage préamplificateur différentiel 3 précité, un circuit de couplage inversé de chacune des voies d'entrée au circuit de polarisation symétrique. Ce circuit de couplage inversé, dit de réjection d'alimentation, permet de réinjecter au niveau de chaque borne d'entrée de l'étage préamplificateur différentiel les tensions délivrées par les sources de tension symétriques inversées, privées de leur composantes continues.For this purpose, as shown in Figure 4 above, the microphone sound pickup device electret, object of the present invention, further comprises, between the differential preamplifier stage 3 and the link by link capacity, on each of the input channels of the aforementioned differential preamplifier stage 3, a circuit of reverse coupling of each of the input channels to the circuit of symmetrical polarization. This inverted coupling circuit, said feed rejection, allows to re-inject at level of each input terminal of the preamplifier stage differential the voltages delivered by the sources of inverted symmetrical voltages, deprived of their components continue.

De cette façon, on comprend que chaque entrée de l'étage amplificateur différentiel 3 voit ainsi la somme des bruits des deux alimentations 21 et 22 précitées, ce bruit disparaissant alors en sortie puisque le montage effectue la différence des signaux d'entrée. In this way, we understand that each entry of the differential amplifier stage 3 thus sees the sum of the noise from the two power supplies 21 and 22 above, this noise then disappearing at the output since the assembly performs the difference of input signals.

Ainsi qu'on l'a représenté de manière plus détaillée sur la figure 4, on indique que le circuit de couplage 4 comporte un premier et un deuxième circuit, formés chacun par une résistance et un condensateur électrique en série, portant les références 211, 212, respectivement 221, 222. Le premier circuit 211, 212 est connecté entre la deuxième source de tension négative 21 et la première entrée de l'étage amplificateur différentiel 3, c'est-à-dire en aval de la capacité de liaison 11. Le deuxième circuit 221, 222 est connecté entre la première source de tension positive 20 et la deuxième entrée de l'étage préamplificateur différentiel 3, c'est-à-dire en aval de la capacité de liaison 12.As shown in more detail in FIG. 4, it is indicated that the coupling circuit 4 has a first and a second circuit, each formed by a resistor and an electric capacitor in series, bearing the references 211, 212, respectively 221, 222. The first circuit 211, 212 is connected between the second negative voltage source 21 and the first input of the differential amplifier stage 3, i.e. downstream of link capacity 11. The second circuit 221, 222 is connected between the first positive voltage source 20 and the second input of the differential preamplifier stage 3, that is to say downstream of the connection capacity 12.

Pour un résultat optimum, on indique en outre que le circuit de réjection d'alimentation 4 doit être identique au circuit de polarisation 2, la résistance 211 étant identique à la résistance 210, la résistance 221 identique à la résistance 220, la capacité 212 identique à la capacité 12 et la capacité 222 identique à la capacité 11.For optimum results, it is further indicated that the supply rejection circuit 4 must be identical to bias circuit 2, resistor 211 being identical at resistor 210, resistor 221 identical to the resistance 220, capacity 212 identical to capacity 12 and the capacity 222 identical to the capacity 11.

Des essais comparatifs ont été effectués afin de mettre en évidence la qualité du dispositif de prise de son à microphone électret, objet de la présente invention, et sa robustesse aux perturbations électro-magnétiques notamment par rapport aux dispositifs de l'art antérieur.Comparative tests have been carried out in order to highlight the quality of the sound recording device with electret microphone, object of the present invention, and its robustness to electromagnetic disturbances in particular compared to the devices of the prior art.

A cet effet, on a représenté sur la figure 5a, la réponse du montage de l'art antérieur représenté en figure la à une perturbation du secteur d'alimentation électrique, c'est-à-dire à une fréquence de 50 Hz. La figure 5a est graduée en ordonnées en décibels et, en abscisses, en fréquences. Les essais ont été effectués en présence d'un bruit rose et d'une raie à 50 Hz due à une perturbation du secteur ainsi qu'aux fréquences harmoniques de celui-ci. La réponse du circuit, tel que représenté en figure la relative à l'art antérieur, présente de manière manifeste un bruit parasite à la fréquence du secteur précédemment mentionné.To this end, FIG. 5a shows the response of the assembly of the prior art shown in figure there to a disturbance of the electricity supply sector, that is to say at a frequency of 50 Hz. FIG. 5a is graduated in ordinates in decibels and, on the abscissa, in frequencies. The tests were carried out in the presence of a pink noise and a line at 50 Hz due to a disturbance of the sector as well as the harmonic frequencies thereof. The response of the circuit, as shown in the figure the relative in the prior art, clearly exhibits a noise interference at the frequency of the previously mentioned sector.

Au contraire, dans le cas de la figure 5b, la réponse du montage de la figure 4, tel que représenté précédemment dans la description, dans des conditions analogues de perturbation de bruit, montre clairement une diminution de 18 dB sur l'amplitude de la raie à 50 Hz, soit un niveau huit fois inférieur. La réponse en fréquence du dispositif, objet de la présente invention, n'est dans ce cas plus affectée par la présence du perturbateur.On the contrary, in the case of FIG. 5b, the response of the assembly of FIG. 4, as shown previously in the description, under conditions noise disturbance analogs, clearly shows a 18 dB decrease in the line amplitude at 50 Hz, i.e. eight times lower. The frequency response of device, object of the present invention, is not in this case more affected by the presence of the disturbance.

Le dispositif de prise de son par microphone électret, objet de la présente invention, précédemment décrit, est particulièrement avantageux dans la mesure où, par le seul remplacement du transformateur par un circuit de couplage par liaison capacité, les résultats, en qualité de prise de son, sont toutefois identiques aux circuits de l'art antérieur comportant de tels transformateurs, alors que les coûts de prix de revient de mise en oeuvre de ces circuits ont été notoirement diminués.The microphone pickup device electret, object of the present invention, previously described, is particularly advantageous insofar as, by simply replacing the transformer with a circuit capacity link coupling, results, as sound recording, are however identical to the circuits of the prior art comprising such transformers, then that the cost prices of implementing these circuits have been notoriously reduced.

En outre, la mise en oeuvre de ces circuits, conformément à l'objet de la présente invention, est particulièrement avantageuse dans les antennes acoustiques ou dans des circuits complexes nécessitant une prise de son de qualité.In addition, the implementation of these circuits, in accordance with the object of the present invention, is particularly advantageous in acoustic antennas or in complex circuits requiring sound recording quality.

Claims (4)

  1. A system for recording sound via an electret microphone wherein the signals delivered by the electret microphone (M) are amplified by a differential preamplifier stage (3), the device comprising a connection via connection capacitance (11, 12) between each output terminal of the electret microphone and an input of the differential preamplifier stage (3), characterised in that the device comprises means (2) for symmetrical biasing of the output terminals of the electret microphone (M) comprising a first (21) and a second (22) voltage source, symmetrical with respect to a reference voltage and each connected to an output terminal of the electret microphone (M).
  2. A system according to claim 1, characterised in that the differential preamplifier stage (3) comprises a preamplifier device (30, 31) in non-differential mode on each input channel.
  3. A system according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that it also comprises, between the differential preamplifier stage (3) and the connecting capacitance (11, 12), on each input channel of the differential preamplifier stage, means (4) for inverse coupling of each input channel to the said symmetrical biasing means (2), so as to re-inject the said sources of symmetrical voltage, inverted and without their DC component, at each input terminal of the differential preamplifier stage.
  4. A system according to claim 3, characterised in that the said coupling means (4) comprise a first and a second circuit formed by a resistor (211, 221) and an electric capacitor (212, 222) in series, the first circuit being connected between the second (22) source of negative voltage and the first input of the differential preamplifier stage (3) and the second circuit being connected between the first (21) source of positive voltage and the second input of the differential preamplifier stage (3).
EP19950401674 1994-07-15 1995-07-12 Sound pick-up device by an electret microphone Expired - Lifetime EP0692921B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9408807A FR2722636B1 (en) 1994-07-15 1994-07-15 SOUND DEVICE BY ELECTRET MICROPHONE
FR9408807 1994-07-15

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EP0692921A1 EP0692921A1 (en) 1996-01-17
EP0692921B1 true EP0692921B1 (en) 2001-10-04

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EP (1) EP0692921B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69523004T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2164140T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2722636B1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2769164B1 (en) * 1997-09-26 2002-10-31 Alain Maurice Ange Magagnini MICRO ELECTROSTATIC DEVICE WITH INTEGRATED CIRCUIT INTERFACE
KR100459565B1 (en) * 2001-12-04 2004-12-03 삼성전자주식회사 Device for reducing echo and noise in phone

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3778561A (en) * 1972-06-21 1973-12-11 Bell Canada Northern Electric Electret microphone
FR2497433A1 (en) * 1980-12-31 1982-07-02 Thomson Csf Mat Tel CIRCUIT FOR CONNECTING AN ACTIVE MICROPHONE, ESPECIALLY ELECTRET TO A TELEPHONE TRANSMISSION CIRCUIT
DE3933870C2 (en) * 1989-10-11 1999-07-22 Neumann Gmbh Georg Method and circuit arrangement for controlling microphones
JP2734265B2 (en) * 1991-12-12 1998-03-30 日本電気株式会社 Amplifier circuit for electret condenser microphone
US5315231A (en) * 1992-11-16 1994-05-24 Hughes Aircraft Company Symmetrical bipolar bias current source with high power supply rejection ratio (PSRR)

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Publication number Publication date
EP0692921A1 (en) 1996-01-17
DE69523004T2 (en) 2002-06-06
FR2722636B1 (en) 1996-09-20
ES2164140T3 (en) 2002-02-16
DE69523004D1 (en) 2001-11-08
FR2722636A1 (en) 1996-01-19

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