EP0688323A1 - Biologically active bistramides, process for their production and their applications in therapy - Google Patents
Biologically active bistramides, process for their production and their applications in therapyInfo
- Publication number
- EP0688323A1 EP0688323A1 EP94909165A EP94909165A EP0688323A1 EP 0688323 A1 EP0688323 A1 EP 0688323A1 EP 94909165 A EP94909165 A EP 94909165A EP 94909165 A EP94909165 A EP 94909165A EP 0688323 A1 EP0688323 A1 EP 0688323A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bistramide
- bistramides
- carbon atoms
- formula
- derivatives
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 229960002066 vinorelbine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical group [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D493/10—Spiro-condensed systems
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is new derivatives of bistramides, their production and their therapeutic applications.
- the bistramids are thus called by analogy with a marine organism from which they can be extracted, namely the sea squirt Lissodinum bistratum which lives in symbiosis with its prochlorons.
- bistramides have already been described. These are in particular the bistramides A, B and C. Their complex chemical structure has only been elucidated recently (see article by Foster et al. In J.A.C.S. 1992, 114). It corresponds to the following formula (A):
- bistramide C The interest in these products results, in general, from the strong cytostatic activity which they exhibit in particular in vitro. However, their high cytotoxicity and toxicity in vivo do not make it possible to envisage the use of their properties for uses as medicaments.
- the LD50 of these bistramides is in fact of the order of 1.7 mg / g (measurement on the mouse, after injection of the product intravenously in a single dose).
- bistramides have an cytostatic effect in vitro and therapeutic effects in vivo, but that, unlike the bistramides mentioned above, their cytotoxicity and their toxicity in vivo were much weaker, even non-existent, authorizing their use in therapy.
- the invention therefore aims to provide new derivatives having a structural skeleton of the bistramide type.
- the invention also relates to the biological and biochemical applications of these new bistramides, in particular for the therapy of cancers, in particular, of solid human tumors, or the treatment of parasitic diseases.
- the bistramides of the invention are characterized in that
- LD50 is greater than 30 mg / kg, or even 160 mg / kg or more
- -Ri, X, Y and R2 identical or different from each other, represent a hydrocarbon chain of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, substituted by at least one -OH group and / or a ketone function, comprising,
- R3 and R4 and R5 are chosen from hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy radicals of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a group -COOH, -OH, -NH2 or -NO2, or a halogen atom, it being understood that, when R3 and R4 each represent a hydrogen atom, Ri and R2 do not represent chains respectively
- CH3 - (CH2) 2-CO-CH2 and (CH3, OH) CH-C (CH3) or.
- anti-tumor activity in vivo means that an inhibition of the tumor proliferation of non-small cell bronchopulmonary cancers (80% of pulmonary tumors) has been demonstrated, without acute toxicity for 'animal.
- the "LD50" of the products of the invention was measured on the mouse after injection of the products intravenously.
- bistramides A, B, and C mentioned above are excluded from the scope of the invention. It will also be noted that, because of their high toxicity, these bistramides A, B and C could not lead, during the duration of a treatment, to obtaining the advantageous effects observed with the products of the invention.
- the therapeutic index reaches a value of 5.0 for some of the bistramides of the invention.
- bistramides of the invention are also characterized in that they are capable of exerting cytostatic activity with respect to parasites.
- Ri contains from 1 to 15 carbon atoms.
- Ri has one or two ethylenic double bonds.
- R2 preferably comprises from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular 8 or 9, and advantageously comprises an ethylenic double bond.
- X and Y contain from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular from 3 to 5.
- R3 and R5 advantageously represent, in any one of the preceding arrangements, an alkyl or alkoxy radical, in particular from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R4 a hydrogen atom.
- the invention also relates to the derivatives of the bistramides of formula I, more particularly those allowing their use as prodrugs.
- examples that may be mentioned are esters and ethers, in particular alkyl ethers of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or glycosylated derivatives.
- bistramides taking into account the advantage of their in vivo therapeutic properties which will be explained in the following description, are chosen from - bistramide D, of formula (II)
- bistramides can exist in a dehydrated form.
- bistramide D by hemisynthesis from the bistramide A whose ketone function ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated in position 4 is particularly reactive and can be hydroxylated by reaction with a reducing agent. Modifications of the substitution chains can then be made by operating according to known methods.
- bistramide A from ascidia is of the order of 0.1%, while it is only 0.021% for bistramide D.
- the reduction reaction leads, in equivalent proportion to the two epimers of carbon 4, one of which corresponds to bistramide D. This step is carried out with an average yield of 70%, which therefore amounts to multiplying the amount of bistramide D available by a factor of around 1.7 (or 3.5 for the 2 epimers).
- the invention also relates to bistramides as obtained by extraction from L. bistratum and / or its prochlorons, and the derivatives of these bistramides.
- This extraction process comprises successive fractionations by chromatography from an organic extract of L. bistratum and / or its prochlorons. These splits are carried out by implementing the following operations:
- the nature of the support of the chromatography columns and its particle size, as well as the mixture or mixtures of solvents used are chosen so as to selectively separate in a few steps the biologically active bistramides.
- the first two fractionations are advantageously carried out on silica columns using solvents of the ethyl acetate type, dichloromethane, advantageously added with methanol.
- water is used with solvents of the methanol, dichloromethane or acetonitrile type.
- Elution can be carried out according to a gradient, or alternatively isocratically.
- the fractions as isolated at each stage are also targeted by the invention.
- the organic extract to which this succession of fractionation steps is applied is obtained by the treatment of lyophilized powder of L. bistratum and / or its prochlorons with dichloromethane.
- the prochlorons are obtained from colonies of L. bistratum by sieving a suspension formed by compression of the sea squirts in sea water.
- bistramides according to the process described above is applied to an extract such as 'obtained after freezing, lyophilization and extraction with dichloromethane of the residue separated by sieving.
- bistramides induce an irreversible atypical terminal differentiation of tumor cells, resulting in a arrest of the development of the tumor.
- bistramide A This mode of action, which had been envisaged for bistramide A, could not however be taken advantage of, given the acute toxicity of this product. Its administration during the duration of a repetitive treatment, would necessarily involve the intoxication of the organism treated.
- the slightly toxic nature of the products of the invention for the organism allows the differentiating effect to appear on the stem cells of the tumor tissue, without adverse effects on healthy cells, thus authorizing the establishment of a therapeutic platform for treatment.
- the cytostatic effect of the bistramides of the invention is also exerted against parasites.
- bistramides cause the parasite proliferation to stop during the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
- bistramide D has in vitro anti-Leishmanian activity on L. (L) donovani.
- the invention therefore aims to take advantage of the properties of these bistramides for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions.
- compositions of the invention are characterized in that they contain an effective amount of at least one bistramide as defined above, in combination with an inert pharmaceutical vehicle.
- bistramide used advantageously constitutes, thanks to the nature of its substituents, such as ethers or esters, a prodrug.
- compositions contain, where appropriate, active ingredients from other drugs.
- active ingredients from other drugs.
- anti-mitotic spindle poison drugs such as vincristine, vinblastine or vinorelbine in the context of anti-tumor applications, or with chloroquine for the treatment of parasitic diseases. They will also be used with advantage in combination with compounds facilitating their assimilation such as sugars such as glucose.
- compositions of the invention are particularly suitable for the chemotherapy of cancers in which few cells are in a state of proliferation. They are thus advantageously usable for the treatment of solid human tumors with slow evolution, therefore very chemoresistant, like 80% of bronchopulmonary tumors and certain colonic tumors, breast tumors and melanomas for which the current therapy does not have any really effective drug.
- compositions can also be used for the treatment of parasitic diseases, such as malaria or leishmaniasis.
- the invention therefore also relates to the application of the bistramides defined above to obtain a medicament intended for use as an anti-parasite. It relates in particular to the use of these bistramides and in particular of those corresponding to formulas (II) to (IV), for developing medicaments for the treatment of malaria, or else of leishmaniases.
- the packaging for sale, in particular labeling and instructions for use, and advantageously the packaging are developed according to the intended therapeutic application.
- compositions of the invention can be administered in different forms, more especially by the oral or injectable route.
- compositions advantageously contain from 10 to 100 mg of active principle per dosage unit, preferably from 40 to 60 mg.
- compositions for injection by intravenous, subcutaneous or intramuscular route prepared from sterile or sterilizable solutions. They can also be suspensions or emulsions.
- injectable forms contain per unit of intake from 10 to 50 mg of active principle, preferably from 15 to 30 mg.
- the dosage usable in humans corresponds to the following doses: thus, for example, the patient is administered 10 to 30 mg / day, in one or more doses for the treatment of bronchopulmonary tumors.
- the invention also relates to biological reagents whose active principles consist of the derivatives of bistramides defined above.
- bistramide derivatives and to the study of their anti-tumor and anti-parasitic activity and with reference to the single figure which represents a growth curve as a function of the time of xenografts lung tumors in nude mice after treatment with bistramides of the invention.
- Lissoclinum bistratum (5900 g) is treated 3 times with dichloromethane, at the rate of 3500 ml of solvent per kilo of lyophilized raw material, at room temperature, and with stirring. The organic solutions are filtered, combined, then evaporated to dryness on a rotary evaporator (temperature 40 ° C). The weight of crude extract obtained is 44.2 g.
- This crude extract is fractionated by low pressure liquid chromatography (silica 60-200 ⁇ m 900 g; ethyl acetate: methanol 93: 7 in isocratic elution, 20 ml / min). This results in 11 fractions, of which fraction 9 which contains the bistramides by reference (6000 ° to 8000 ° ml, 22.3 g) (all the elution volumes mentioned in this process include the dead volume of the column).
- Fraction 9 is treated by high pressure liquid chromatography (Jones Chromatography column 52 x 300 mm, silica 8 ⁇ m, dichloromethane: methanol 95: 5 in isocratic elution at 90 ml / min, UV detection 254 nm and RI, mass injected 3g per cycle).
- three fractions are selected: n ° 1 (521 ° at 720 ° ml, 1004 mg), n ° 2 (1261 ° at 2520 ° ml, 2992 mg) and n ° 3 (2521 ° at 3780 ° ml , 532 mg).
- the intermediate fraction not retained (721 ° to 1260 ° ml) corresponds to bistramide A.
- Lot n ° 2 is purified by HPLC (CEDI column
- bistramide D Tr 22 min
- bistramide D 21.4.10-3%
- bistramide K 3.7.10-3%
- bistramide L 2.9.10-3%.
- Fab (fast atomic bombardment) measurements are obtained on a Kratos Concept II HH device.
- the samples are dissolved in a thioglycerol and a small drop of the sample solution is placed on the copper target of the fab direct insertion probe.
- the sample is bombarded with 7 keV xenon atoms.
- the ions produced are accelerated below 8 kV and the negative ions are detected.
- bistramide D and bistramide K in mass spectrometry ei and fab positive represent the molecular ion minus H2O.
- M-H ions are observed for the two metabolites in the fab negative spectra.
- bistramide K shows that it is an isomer of bistramide D.
- the ascidians are detached from their support, carefully washed with plenty of water to get rid of mud and other debris. They are drained, opened one by one with a knife, pressed by hand, then mechanically in a seawater bath. The suspension in seawater is filtered through increasingly fine sieves (123, 63, 40, 10 and 5 ⁇ m). The prochlorons are retained by the 10 ⁇ m sieve. The algae residue is frozen, lyophilized and extracted with dichloromethane. Obtaining the bistramides from this extract is carried out according to the same process as from the extract of whole ascidians.
- bistramide A A solution of 50 mg (0.07 mmol) of bistramide A in 3 ml of THF is cooled in an ice bath.
- Bistramide A is obtained by operating according to Gouiffes et al. in Toxicon, 1988, volume 26, pages 1129-1136.
- the first fractions contain the epimer of bistramide D (16 mg; 32%). Bistramide D (18 mg; 36%) is then recovered. The total yield of reduced products is 68%.
- the procedure is as indicated above, but replacing sodium borohydride with potassium borohydride. The total yield of reduced products is 72%.
- 53 mg (0.07 mmol) of bistramide A are dissolved in 3 ml of methanol containing 10% acetic acid. After the solution has cooled in an ice bath, 13 mg (0.21 mmol) of potassium cyanoborohydride are added.
- reaction mixture After 4 hours of stirring under an inert atmosphere, the reaction mixture is poured into 5 ml of water + ice, then extracted twice with 5 ml of ethyl acetate. After drying over MgSO4, the solvent is evaporated and the residue is purified by chromatography on a column of silica eluted with a mixture of dichloromethane: methanol (95: 5).
- bistramide D The epimer of bistramide D is first elected (18 mg; 34%), then bistramide D is recovered (21 mg; 39%). The total yield of reduced products is 78%.
- the cytostatic effect of the products at the cell cycle level was also studied by cytofluorimetry.
- phase G1 There is an antiproliferative effect of the products linked to an irreversible blockage in the Gl phase, leading to the death of "non-small cell” bronchopulmonary tumor cells (NSCLC-N6).
- This blocking in phase G1 is followed by a transition to phase G1DT, which characterizes the state of terminal differentiation.
- the cells which reach this G1DT phase produce an intracytoplasmic, antiproliferative substance, of a protein nature, which is the product of the expression of a specific gene, which probably plays the role of an anti-oncogene.
- the antitumor activity of the products of the invention has been studied against solid tumors of the NSCLC type grafted in nude mice (D. Riou, C. Roussakis, JF Biard, JF Verbist: "Comparative study of antitumor activity of bistramides A, D and K against a non-small cell bronchopulmonary carcinoma ", Anticancer Research, 1993, 13, 2321-2334).
- Each mouse received 0.2 ml of a cell solution obtained by mechanical dispersion of approximately 1 g of excised mouse tumor in 4.8 ml of sterile saline solution.
- the tumors grafted subcutaneously were measured over their long length L and their short length 1.
- the tumor growth on day d was calculated by the formula Vtj / Vtjo for each mouse, Vtjo being the tumor volume at the start of the treatment.
- the single figure shows the curves of tumor growth as a function of time (days) obtained with or without treatment with bistramides.
- Each point is the average of the tumor growths of 6 mice
- bistramide K is injected at the rate of 10 mg / kg intraperitoneally, for 16 days, and the bistramide D 5 mg / kg intraperitoneally daily for 16 days; 10 mg / kg intravenously on days 1, 5, 9, 14, and 20 mg / kg intravenously on days 1, 5, 9 , 14.
- the examination of these curves shows that compared to the controls (100%), the tumor growth is established, after 30 days, for the treated animals, at:
- bistramide D (5 mg / kg, PI): 100%
- bistramide K (10 mg / kg, PI): 49%
- bistramide A used under the conditions reported above, is too toxic for an anti-tumor effect to be observed.
- bistramide D 2 g are dissolved in 1000 ml of pyrogen-free physiological solution.
- the solution obtained is distributed, under aseptic conditions, in 10 ml ampoules, containing 20 mg of product per ampoule.
- the rodents the animals used are white female mice, SWISS (IFFA CREDO) weighing approximately 30 grams. The number of mice, distributed by batch is five. 2. the strain
- the Plasmodium vinckei petteri species used comes from the strain 279 BY, (see article Cambie G et al in CR.Acad.Sci.PARIS 310, series 111,183-188). This plasmody performs a schizogonic cycle in 24 hours, synchronously. By the freeze-thaw technique of infected blood, only the merozoite stage resists, the other forms being destroyed. If the merozoites are injected at Oh, we observe successively as the predominant stage:
- TM middle trophozoite stage
- AT elderly trophozoite stage
- the maturation of the parasite in the red blood cell, from the ring stage to the aged trophozoite stage corresponds to the Gl phase of the cell cycle.
- This phase is followed by the multiplication of the parasite, S and M phases of the cell cycle.
- the schizont stage corresponds to the bursting and release of the merozoites.
- the parasitaemia calculation (number of parasites per 100 red cells) is done on a smear.
- Bistramide D is used in these tests in sterile physiological water containing 5% DMSO. This product is injected subcutaneously in the thigh.
- PETERS test To verify the activity of the compound studied, the PETERS test is applied, which constitutes the reference for the screening of molecules with antimalarial activity.
- test A
- test B
- test C - controls on D4: parasitaemia 1.20%
- bistramides of the invention To assess the parasite stage or stages most sensitive to the action of the bistramides of the invention, the effect of these bistramides on each predominant parasitic stage during the cell cycle of a given species of Plasmodium has been studied.
- control batch a merozoite batch, a ring batch, a young trophozoite batch, a medium trophozoite batch and an aged trophozoite batch.
- the parasitaemia delay or patent period is evaluated as the time in days necessary for the parasitaemia to reach 1%.
- bistramide D A selective activity of bistramide D is therefore observed on the middle and old trophozoite stages. According to a preliminary flow cytometry study, murine red cells parasitized by the species
- Plasmodium vinckei petteri show, in the presence of bistramide D, a partial blockage of the parasite at the stage of its maturation. This results in a cessation of parasitic proliferation in the middle and old trophozoite stage.
- This blockage which corresponds to the Gl phase of the cell cycle, is dose-dependent, and is probably linked to atypical maturation of the parasite.
- the objective is to monitor parasitaemia on a daily basis and assess the inhibition of parasitaemia according to the therapeutic scheme adopted for a treatment.
- the morphological modifications of the parasite are highlighted by the parasitic formula, the calculation of the parasitic formula is also done on a smear and makes it possible to evaluate the proportion of each stage: ring, young trophozoite, medium trophozoite, aged trophozoite per 100 red cells.
- the methodology applied is as follows: a) after infestation, three batches of five mice are formed, namely - a control batch, OJ, - a batch known as single-dose, for which a single injection of bistramide D (15 mg / kg), to JO, is carried out on the mouse a batch known as multidose, where the injection of bistramide D is carried out by administering five doses respectively to JO, Day 1, Day 2, Day 3, Day 4 (total dose 15 mg / kg) b) the preparation and reading of the smears is carried out daily for 21 days.
- the percentage of parasitaemia and the percentage of inhibition of parasite development were determined for each batch.
- the parasite is mainly found in aged trophozoite form (93%) in the multidose group and in ring form in the control group.
- the parasite therefore appears to be blocked at the aged trophozoite stage.
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Abstract
Bistramide derivatives with virtually no toxic effects, of formula (I) wherein -R1, X, Y and R2 are a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbonaceous chain having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted by at least one -OH group and/or a ketone function, including, if need be, at least one ring (a), the ring including one more unsaturations; -R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a group -COOH, -OH, -NH or -NO2, or a halogen atom. The invention also concern bistramide derivatives of formula (I) such as ethers or esters and their isomers, excluding A, B and C bistramides. Said bistramides are useful especially as drugs having a cytostatic effect, in particular as antitumour or anti-parasitic drugs.
Description
BISTRAMIDES BI©LOGIQUEMENT ACTIFS, LEUR OBTENTION ET LEURS APPLICATIONS EN THERAPEUTIQUE LOGICALLY ACTIVE BISTRAMIDES ©, THEIR OBTAINMENT AND THEIR THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS
L'invention a pour objet de nouveaux dérivés de bistramides, leur obtention et leurs applications en thérapeutique.The subject of the invention is new derivatives of bistramides, their production and their therapeutic applications.
Les bistramides sont ainsi appelés par analogie avec un organisme marin à partir duquel ils peuvent être extraits, à savoir l'ascidie Lissodinum bistratum qui vit en symbiose avec ses prochlorons.The bistramids are thus called by analogy with a marine organism from which they can be extracted, namely the sea squirt Lissodinum bistratum which lives in symbiosis with its prochlorons.
Plusieurs bistramides ont déjà été décrits. Il s'agit en particulier des bistramides A, B et C. Leur structure chimique, complexe, n'a été élucidée que récemment (voir article de Foster et al. dans J.A.C.S. 1992, 114). Elle correspond à la formule (A) suivante:Several bistramides have already been described. These are in particular the bistramides A, B and C. Their complex chemical structure has only been elucidated recently (see article by Foster et al. In J.A.C.S. 1992, 114). It corresponds to the following formula (A):
Formule A Formula A
avec RI et R2 représentant, respectivement,with RI and R2 representing, respectively,
peur le bistramide Afear the bistramide A
peur le bistramidefear the bistramide
pour le bistramide C
L'intérêt pour ces produits résulte, d'une manière générale, de la forte activité cytostatique qu'ils présentent en particulier in vitro. Cependant, leur cytotoxicite et leur toxicité élevées in vivo ne permettent pas d'envisager la mise à profit de leurs propriétés pour des utilisations comme médicaments.for bistramide C The interest in these products results, in general, from the strong cytostatic activity which they exhibit in particular in vitro. However, their high cytotoxicity and toxicity in vivo do not make it possible to envisage the use of their properties for uses as medicaments.
La DL50 de ces bistramides est en effet de l'ordre de 1,7 mg/ g (mesure sur la souris, après injection du produit par voie intraveineuse en dose unique).The LD50 of these bistramides is in fact of the order of 1.7 mg / g (measurement on the mouse, after injection of the product intravenously in a single dose).
Les travaux des inventeurs sur les invertébrés marins, en particulier sur l'ascidie Lissoclinum bistratum Sluiter, accompagnée ou non de ses prochlorons symbiotes, les ont conduits à mettre au point des conditions d'extraction spécifiques permettant d'isoler de nouveaux bistramides présentant diverses activités biologiques de grand intérêt.The inventors' work on marine invertebrates, in particular on the sea squirt Lissoclinum bistratum Sluiter, whether or not accompanied by its symbiont prochlorons, led them to develop specific extraction conditions making it possible to isolate new bistramids exhibiting various activities of great interest.
De manière surprenante, l'étude de ces nouveaux bistramides a montré qu'ils étaient dotés d'un effet cytostatique in vitro et d'effets thérapeutiques in vivo, mais que, contrairement aux bistramides évoqués plus haut, leur cytotoxicite et leur toxicité in vivo étaient beaucoup plus faibles, voire inexistantes autorisant leur utilisation en thérapeutique. L'invention a donc pour but de fournir de nouveaux dérivés présentant un squelette structural du type des bistramides.Surprisingly, the study of these new bistramides has shown that they have an cytostatic effect in vitro and therapeutic effects in vivo, but that, unlike the bistramides mentioned above, their cytotoxicity and their toxicity in vivo were much weaker, even non-existent, authorizing their use in therapy. The invention therefore aims to provide new derivatives having a structural skeleton of the bistramide type.
Elle a également pour but de fournir un procédé d'obtention de ces produits par extraction à partir de L. bistratum et/ou de ses prochlorons.It also aims to provide a process for obtaining these products by extraction from L. bistratum and / or its prochlorons.
L'invention vise également les applications biologiques et biochimiques de ces nouveaux bistramides, en particulier pour la thérapie de cancers, notamment, de tumeurs humaines solides, ou le traitement de maladies parasitaires.
Les bistramides de 1'invention sont caractérisés en ce queThe invention also relates to the biological and biochemical applications of these new bistramides, in particular for the therapy of cancers, in particular, of solid human tumors, or the treatment of parasitic diseases. The bistramides of the invention are characterized in that
- ils sont capables d'exercer in vivo une activité antitumorale entraînant la différenciation des cellules tumorales, avec inhibition in vitro de l'expression de l'oncogene erb-2 normalement exprimé par les cellules des lignées bronchopulmonaires non à petites cellules,- they are capable of exerting in vivo an antitumor activity leading to the differentiation of tumor cells, with inhibition in vitro of the expression of the erb-2 oncogene normally expressed by cells of non-small cell bronchopulmonary lines,
- leur DL50 est supérieure à 30 mg/kg, voire 160 mg/kg ou plus, et- their LD50 is greater than 30 mg / kg, or even 160 mg / kg or more, and
- ils répondent à la formule (I)- they correspond to formula (I)
dans laquellein which
-Ri, X, Y et R2, identiques ou différents les uns des autres, représentent une chaîne hydrocarbonée de 1 à 20 atomes de carbone, saturée ou insaturée, substituée par au moins un groupe -OH et/ou une fonction cétone, comportant,-Ri, X, Y and R2, identical or different from each other, represent a hydrocarbon chain of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, substituted by at least one -OH group and / or a ketone function, comprising,
le cas échéant, au moins un cycle _ ~___ . _ ~ ~3 > ce cycleif necessary, at least one cycle _ ~ ___. _ ~ ~ 3 > this cycle
-& « pouvant comporter une ou plusieurs insaturations,- & "which may include one or more unsaturations,
-R3, R4 et R5, identiques ou différents les uns des autres, sont choisis parmi l'hydrogène, les radicaux alcoyle ou alcoxy de 1 à 4 atomes de carbone, un groupe -COOH, -OH, -NH2 ou -NO2, ou un atome d'halogène, étant entendu que, lorsque R3 et R4 représentent chacun un
atome d'hydrogène, Ri et R2 ne représentent pas respectivement de chaînes-R3, R4 and R5, identical or different from each other, are chosen from hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy radicals of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a group -COOH, -OH, -NH2 or -NO2, or a halogen atom, it being understood that, when R3 and R4 each represent a hydrogen atom, Ri and R2 do not represent chains respectively
CH3-CH=CH-CO- et(CH3,OH)CH-C(CH3)=
CH3-CH = CH-CO- and (CH3, OH) CH-C (CH3) =
ou,CH3 -(CH2)2-CO-CH2 et(CH3,OH)CH-C(CH3)=
ou encore.or, CH3 - (CH2) 2-CO-CH2 and (CH3, OH) CH-C (CH3) = or.
CH3-CH=CH-CO-CH2
CH3-CH = CH-CO-CH2
On rappellera que les composés correspondant à ces 3 exclusions sont les bistramides A, B et C de l'état de la technique évoqué ci-dessus.It will be recalled that the compounds corresponding to these 3 exclusions are the bistramides A, B and C of the state of the art mentioned above.
L'expression "activité antitumorale in vivo" telle qu'utilisée ci-dessus signifie qu'une inhibition de la prolifération tumorale des cancers bronchopulmonaires non à petites cellules (80% des tumeurs pulmonaires) a été mise en évidence, sans toxicité aigϋe pour l'animal.The expression "anti-tumor activity in vivo" as used above means that an inhibition of the tumor proliferation of non-small cell bronchopulmonary cancers (80% of pulmonary tumors) has been demonstrated, without acute toxicity for 'animal.
Ces propriétés autorisent l'obtention d'un plateau thérapeutique permettant 1'accès aux normes du NationalThese properties allow obtaining a therapeutic platform allowing access to National standards
Cancer Institute pour les produits avec T. ≤ 42 %. CCancer Institute for products with T. ≤ 42%. VS
La "DL50" des produits de l'invention a été mesurée sur la souris après injection des produits par voie intraveineuse.The "LD50" of the products of the invention was measured on the mouse after injection of the products intravenously.
Compte tenu de la valeur de la DL50 des bistramides ainsi définis, les bistramides A, B, et C mentionnés plus haut se trouvent exclus du champ de l'invention. On notera de plus qu'en raison de leur forte toxicité ces bistramides A, B et C ne pourraient conduire, pendant la durée d'un traitement, à l'obtention des effets avantageux observés avec les produits de l'invention.
L'index thérapeutique atteint une valeur de 5,0 pour certains des bistramides de l'invention.Given the LD50 value of the bistramides thus defined, the bistramides A, B, and C mentioned above are excluded from the scope of the invention. It will also be noted that, because of their high toxicity, these bistramides A, B and C could not lead, during the duration of a treatment, to obtaining the advantageous effects observed with the products of the invention. The therapeutic index reaches a value of 5.0 for some of the bistramides of the invention.
Les bistramides de l'invention sont également caractérisés en ce qu'ils sont capables d'exercer une activité cytostatique vis-à-vis de parasites.The bistramides of the invention are also characterized in that they are capable of exerting cytostatic activity with respect to parasites.
Selon une disposition préférée de l'invention, dans la formule I ci-dessus, Ri comporte de 1 à 15 atomes de carbone.According to a preferred arrangement of the invention, in formula I above, Ri contains from 1 to 15 carbon atoms.
Selon une autre disposition préférée, Ri comporte une ou deux doubles liaisons éthyléniques.According to another preferred arrangement, Ri has one or two ethylenic double bonds.
R2 comprend de préférence de 6 à 10 atomes de carbone, notamment 8 ou 9, et comporte avantageusement une double liaison éthylénique.R2 preferably comprises from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular 8 or 9, and advantageously comprises an ethylenic double bond.
Dans encore une autre disposition préférée, X et Y comportent de 2 à 8 atomes de carbone, notamment de 2 à 6 atomes de carbone, en particulier de 3 à 5.In yet another preferred arrangement, X and Y contain from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular from 3 to 5.
R3 et R5 représentent avantageusement, dans l'une quelconque des dispositions qui précèdent, un radical alcoyle ou alcoxy, notamment de 1 à 4 atomes de carbone, et R4 un atome d'hydrogène.R3 and R5 advantageously represent, in any one of the preceding arrangements, an alkyl or alkoxy radical, in particular from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R4 a hydrogen atom.
L'invention vise également les dérivés des bistramides de formule I, plus particulièrement ceux permettant leur utilisation comme prodrogues. On citera comme exemples les esters et les éthers, notamment les éthers d'alcoyle de 1 à 4 atomes de carbone, ou les dérivés glycosylés.The invention also relates to the derivatives of the bistramides of formula I, more particularly those allowing their use as prodrugs. Examples that may be mentioned are esters and ethers, in particular alkyl ethers of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or glycosylated derivatives.
Des bistramides particulièrement préférés, compte tenu de l'intérêt de leurs propriétés thérapeutiques in vivo qui seront exposées dans la suite de la description, sont choisis parmi - le bistramide D, de formule (II)Particularly preferred bistramides, taking into account the advantage of their in vivo therapeutic properties which will be explained in the following description, are chosen from - bistramide D, of formula (II)
- le bistramide L de formule (III) - the bistramide L of formula (III)
- et tout spécialement le bistramide K de formule (IV)- and especially the bistramide K of formula (IV)
Les formes énantiomères ou diastéréoisomères, seules ou en mélanges, des bistramides définis ci-dessus font également partie de 1'invention.The enantiomeric or diastereoisomeric forms, alone or in mixtures, of the bistramides defined above also form part of the invention.
On notera que ces bistramides peuvent exister sous une forme deshydratée.It should be noted that these bistramides can exist in a dehydrated form.
La connaissance de la formule chimique de ces produits permet de recourir aux procédés de synthèse chimique pour leur obtention.
Il est également possible d'obtenir* le bistramide D par hémisynthèse à partir du bistramide A dont la fonction cétone α, β-insaturée en position 4 est particulièrement réactive et peut être hydroxylee par réaction avec un agent réducteur. Des modifications des chaînes de substitution peuvent être ensuite apportées en opérant selon des méthodes connues.Knowledge of the chemical formula of these products makes it possible to use chemical synthesis processes to obtain them. It is also possible to obtain * the bistramide D by hemisynthesis from the bistramide A whose ketone function α, β-unsaturated in position 4 is particularly reactive and can be hydroxylated by reaction with a reducing agent. Modifications of the substitution chains can then be made by operating according to known methods.
On remarquera que la transformation par hémisynthèses du bistramide A toxique en bistramide D moins toxique représente une étape essentielle de la présente invention qui correspond au schéma suivant :It will be noted that the transformation by hemisynthesis of the toxic bistramide A into less toxic bistramide D represents an essential step of the present invention which corresponds to the following scheme:
Bistramide A Bistramide A
Bistramide DBistramide D
De plus, le rendement d'extraction du bistramide A à partir de 1'ascidie est de 1*ordre de 0,1 %, alors qu'il n'est que de 0,021 % pour le bistramide D. La réaction de réduction conduit, en proportion équivalente, aux deux épimères du carbone 4, dont l'un correspond au bistramide D. Cette étape s'effectue avec un rendement moyen de 70 %, ce qui revient donc à multiplier la quantité de bistramide D
disponible par un facteur d'environ 1,7 (soit 3,5 pour les 2 épimères).In addition, the extraction yield of bistramide A from ascidia is of the order of 0.1%, while it is only 0.021% for bistramide D. The reduction reaction leads, in equivalent proportion to the two epimers of carbon 4, one of which corresponds to bistramide D. This step is carried out with an average yield of 70%, which therefore amounts to multiplying the amount of bistramide D available by a factor of around 1.7 (or 3.5 for the 2 epimers).
L'invention vise également les bistramides tels qu'obtenus par extraction à partir de L. bistratum et/ou de ses prochlorons, et les dérivés de ces bistramides.The invention also relates to bistramides as obtained by extraction from L. bistratum and / or its prochlorons, and the derivatives of these bistramides.
Ce procédé d'extraction comprend des fractionnements successifs par chromatographie à partir d'un extrait organique de L. bistratum et/ou de ses prochlorons. Ces fractionnements sont réalisés en mettant en oeuvre les opérations suivantes :This extraction process comprises successive fractionations by chromatography from an organic extract of L. bistratum and / or its prochlorons. These splits are carried out by implementing the following operations:
- chromatographie liquide basse pression de l'extrait organique sec pour éliminer au moins la majeure partie des impuretés ayant une polarité supérieure ou inférieure à celles des produits recherchés, - chromatographie liquide haute pression des fractions riches en bistramides, de manière à obtenir des fractions enrichies en un bistramide donné, et avantageusement, purification de ces fractions par chromatographie liquide haute pression pour isoler sélectivement un bistramide donné.- low pressure liquid chromatography of the dry organic extract to remove at least most of the impurities having a polarity higher or lower than those of the desired products, - high pressure liquid chromatography of the fractions rich in bistramides, so as to obtain enriched fractions in a given bistramide, and advantageously, purification of these fractions by high pressure liquid chromatography to selectively isolate a given bistramide.
La nature du support des colonnes de chromatographie et sa granulométrie, ainsi que le ou les mélanges de solvants utilisés sont choisis de manière à séparer sélectivement en peu d'étapes les bistramides biologiquement actifs. Les deux premiers fractionnements sont avantageusement réalisés sur des colonnes de silice en utilisant des solvants du type de l'acétate d'éthyle, dichlorométhane, avantageusement additionnés de méthanol. Dans l'étape de purification finale des fractions, on utilise de l'eau avec des solvants du type du méthanol, du dichlorométhane ou de l'acétonitrile.The nature of the support of the chromatography columns and its particle size, as well as the mixture or mixtures of solvents used are chosen so as to selectively separate in a few steps the biologically active bistramides. The first two fractionations are advantageously carried out on silica columns using solvents of the ethyl acetate type, dichloromethane, advantageously added with methanol. In the final purification step of the fractions, water is used with solvents of the methanol, dichloromethane or acetonitrile type.
L'élution peut être réalisée selon un gradient, ou en variante de manière isocratique. Les fractions telles qu'isolées à chaque étape sont également visées par l'invention.
L'extrait organique auquel est appliquée cette succession d'étapes de fractionnements est obtenu par le traitement de poudre lyophilisée de L. bistratum et/ou de ses prochlorons avec du dichlorométhane. Les prochlorons sont obtenus à partir de colonies de L. bistratum par tamisage d'une suspension formée par compression des ascidies dans de l'eau de mer. L'obtention de bistramides selon le procédé décrit ci-dessus est appliquée à un extrait tel qu'obtenu après congélation, lyophilisation et extraction au dichlorométhane du résidu séparé par tamisage.Elution can be carried out according to a gradient, or alternatively isocratically. The fractions as isolated at each stage are also targeted by the invention. The organic extract to which this succession of fractionation steps is applied is obtained by the treatment of lyophilized powder of L. bistratum and / or its prochlorons with dichloromethane. The prochlorons are obtained from colonies of L. bistratum by sieving a suspension formed by compression of the sea squirts in sea water. The production of bistramides according to the process described above is applied to an extract such as 'obtained after freezing, lyophilization and extraction with dichloromethane of the residue separated by sieving.
L'étude des propriétés pharmacologiques des produits de l'invention a montré qu'ils exercent un effet cytostatique in vitro. Sur des cellules tumorales, on constate que cet effet s'exerce selon un mécanisme différent de celui observé avec les agents antitumoraux utilisés habituellement en chimiothérapie des cancers.The study of the pharmacological properties of the products of the invention has shown that they exert a cytostatic effect in vitro. On tumor cells, it is found that this effect is exerted according to a mechanism different from that observed with the antitumor agents usually used in cancer chemotherapy.
Il apparaît en effet que les bistramides induisent une différenciation terminale atypique irréversible des cellules tumorales, se concrétisant par un arrêt du développement de la tumeur.It appears that bistramides induce an irreversible atypical terminal differentiation of tumor cells, resulting in a arrest of the development of the tumor.
Ce mode d'action, qui avait été envisagé pour le bistramide A, ne pouvait toutefois être mis à profit, étant donné la toxicité aigϋe de ce produit. Son administration pendant la durée d'un traitement répétitif, entraînerait obligatoirement l'intoxication de 1'organisme traité.This mode of action, which had been envisaged for bistramide A, could not however be taken advantage of, given the acute toxicity of this product. Its administration during the duration of a repetitive treatment, would necessarily involve the intoxication of the organism treated.
Tout au contraire, le caractère faiblement toxique des produits de l'invention pour l'organisme permet à l'effet différenciateur de se manifester sur les cellules souches du tissu tumoral, sans effets défavorables sur les cellules saines, autorisant ainsi l'établissement d'un plateau thérapeutique en vue d'un traitement.
De plus, selon un aspect présentant un intérêt majeur, l'effet cytostatique des bistramides de l'invention s'exerce également vis-à-vis de parasites.On the contrary, the slightly toxic nature of the products of the invention for the organism allows the differentiating effect to appear on the stem cells of the tumor tissue, without adverse effects on healthy cells, thus authorizing the establishment of a therapeutic platform for treatment. In addition, according to one aspect of major interest, the cytostatic effect of the bistramides of the invention is also exerted against parasites.
D'une manière inattendue, les bistramides provoquent un arrêt de la prolifération parasitaire durant la phase Gl du cycle cellulaire.Unexpectedly, bistramides cause the parasite proliferation to stop during the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
En particulier, une activité antipaludique a été mise en évidence chez ces bistramides.In particular, an antimalarial activity has been demonstrated in these bistramides.
On mesurera l'intérêt de cette activité en rappelant que le paludisme humain représente l'une des toutes premières endémies mondiales, responsable d'une importante morbidité et d'une mortalité estimée actuellement à 1 ou 2 millions d'individus pour la très grande majorité des enfants vivant en zone tropicale. L'intérêt de fournir de nouvelles molécules actives est d'autant plus grand que les phénomènes de résistance de souches de Plasmodium falciparum, 1'espèce mortelle, vis-à-vis des médicaments antimalariques usuels se développent et que, de plus, la protection vaccinale, pour laquelle d'importantes recherches sont effectuées, ne pourra être effectuée avant plusieurs années.We will measure the interest of this activity by recalling that human malaria represents one of the very first endemics in the world, responsible for a significant morbidity and mortality currently estimated at 1 or 2 million individuals for the vast majority children living in tropical areas. The interest in providing new active molecules is all the greater as the resistance phenomena of Plasmodium falciparum strains, the deadly species, vis-à-vis the usual antimalarial drugs develop and that, moreover, the protection vaccine, for which important research is carried out, cannot be carried out for several years.
Parmi les autres activités anti-parasitaires de ces bistramides, on citera leur activité anti- leishmanienne. Ainsi, à la dose de 500 μg/ml, le bistramide D présente in vitro une activité anti-leishmanienne sur L.(L) donovani.Among the other anti-parasitic activities of these bistramides, one will cite their anti-Leishmanian activity. Thus, at the dose of 500 μg / ml, bistramide D has in vitro anti-Leishmanian activity on L. (L) donovani.
L'invention vise donc la mise à profit des propriétés de ces bistramides pour l'élaboration de compositions pharmaceutiques.The invention therefore aims to take advantage of the properties of these bistramides for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions.
Les compositions pharmaceutiques de 1'invention sont caractérisées en ce qu'elles renferment une quantité efficace d'au moins un bistramide tel que défini ci- dessus, en association avec un véhicule pharmaceutique inerte. Le bistramide utilisé constitue avantageusement,
grâce à la nature de ses substituants, tels qu'éthers ou esters, une prodrogue.The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are characterized in that they contain an effective amount of at least one bistramide as defined above, in combination with an inert pharmaceutical vehicle. The bistramide used advantageously constitutes, thanks to the nature of its substituents, such as ethers or esters, a prodrug.
Ces compositions renferment le cas échéant des principes actifs d'autres médicaments. On citera notamment leur association avec des médicaments anti¬ mitotiques poisons de fuseau, tels que la vincristine, la vinblastine ou la vinorelbine dans le cadre d'applications anti-tumorales, ou avec la chloroquine pour le traitement de maladies parasitaires. On les utilisera également avec avantage en association avec des composés facilitant leur assimilation tels que des sucres comme le glucose.These compositions contain, where appropriate, active ingredients from other drugs. Mention will in particular be made of their association with anti-mitotic spindle poison drugs, such as vincristine, vinblastine or vinorelbine in the context of anti-tumor applications, or with chloroquine for the treatment of parasitic diseases. They will also be used with advantage in combination with compounds facilitating their assimilation such as sugars such as glucose.
Les compositions de 1'invention sont particulièrement appropriées pour la chimiothérapie des cancers dans lesquels peu de cellules se trouvent en état de prolifération. Elles sont ainsi avantageusement utilisables pour le traitement des tumeurs humaines solides à évolution lente, donc très chimiorésistantes, comme 80% des tumeurs bronchopulmonaires et certaines tumeurs coliques, tumeurs du sein et mélanomes pour lesquels la thérapeutique actuelle ne dispose d'aucun médicament réellement efficace.The compositions of the invention are particularly suitable for the chemotherapy of cancers in which few cells are in a state of proliferation. They are thus advantageously usable for the treatment of solid human tumors with slow evolution, therefore very chemoresistant, like 80% of bronchopulmonary tumors and certain colonic tumors, breast tumors and melanomas for which the current therapy does not have any really effective drug.
Ces compositions sont également utilisables pour le traitement de maladies parasitaires, comme le paludisme ou les leishmanioses.These compositions can also be used for the treatment of parasitic diseases, such as malaria or leishmaniasis.
L'invention vise donc également l'application des bistramides définis plus haut pour obtenir un médicament destiné à une utilisation comme anti¬ parasitaire. Elle vise en particulier l'utilisation de ces bistramides et notamment de ceux répondant aux formules (II) à (IV), pour élaborer des médicaments pour le traitement du paludisme, ou encore de leishmanioses. Les conditionnements en vue de la vente, en particulier l'étiquetage et les notices d'emploi, et avantageusement
l'emballage sont élaborés en fonction de l'application thérapeutique prévue.The invention therefore also relates to the application of the bistramides defined above to obtain a medicament intended for use as an anti-parasite. It relates in particular to the use of these bistramides and in particular of those corresponding to formulas (II) to (IV), for developing medicaments for the treatment of malaria, or else of leishmaniases. The packaging for sale, in particular labeling and instructions for use, and advantageously the packaging are developed according to the intended therapeutic application.
Les compositions pharmaceutiques de 1'invention sont administrables sous différentes formes, plus spécialement par voie orale ou injectable.The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be administered in different forms, more especially by the oral or injectable route.
Pour l'administration par voie orale, on a recours en particulier à des comprimés, pilules, tablettes, gélules, gouttes. Ces compositions renferment avantageusement de 10 à 100 mg de principe actif par unité de prise, de préférence de 40 à 60 mg.For oral administration, use is made in particular of tablets, pills, tablets, capsules, drops. These compositions advantageously contain from 10 to 100 mg of active principle per dosage unit, preferably from 40 to 60 mg.
D'autres formes d'administration comprennent des solutions injectables par voie intra-veineuse, sous- cutanée ou intra-musculaire, élaborées à partir de solutions stériles ou stérilisables. Il peut s'agir également de suspensions ou d'émulsions.Other forms of administration include solutions for injection by intravenous, subcutaneous or intramuscular route, prepared from sterile or sterilizable solutions. They can also be suspensions or emulsions.
Ces formes injectables renferment par unité de prise de 10 à 50 mg de principe actif, de préférence de 15 à 30 mg.These injectable forms contain per unit of intake from 10 to 50 mg of active principle, preferably from 15 to 30 mg.
A titre indicatif, la posologie utilisable chez 1'homme correspond aux doses suivantes : ainsi on administre par exemple au patient 10 à 30 à mg/jour, en une ou plusieurs prises pour le traitement de tumeurs bronchopulmonaires.As an indication, the dosage usable in humans corresponds to the following doses: thus, for example, the patient is administered 10 to 30 mg / day, in one or more doses for the treatment of bronchopulmonary tumors.
L'invention vise encore les réactifs biologiques dont les principes actifs sont constitués par les dérivés de bistramides définis plus haut.The invention also relates to biological reagents whose active principles consist of the derivatives of bistramides defined above.
Ces réactifs peuvent être utilisés comme références ou étalons dans des études d'éventuelles activités antitumorales ou anti-parasitaires. D'autres caractéristiques et avantages deThese reagents can be used as references or standards in studies of possible anti-tumor or anti-parasitic activities. Other features and benefits of
1'invention apparaîtront dans les exemples qui suivent relatifs à l'obtention de dérivés de bistramides et à l'étude de leur activité antitumorale et anti-parasitaire et en se référant à la figure unique qui représente une courbe de croissance en fonction du temps de xénogreffes
tumorales pulmonaires chez la souris nude après traitement avec des bistramides de l'invention.The invention will appear in the examples which follow relating to the production of bistramide derivatives and to the study of their anti-tumor and anti-parasitic activity and with reference to the single figure which represents a growth curve as a function of the time of xenografts lung tumors in nude mice after treatment with bistramides of the invention.
EXEMPLE 1 : Isolement des bistramides D, K et L par extraction à partir de Lissoclinum bistratum.EXAMPLE 1 Isolation of the bistramides D, K and L by extraction from Lissoclinum bistratum.
On rapporte un exemple d'extraction à partir d'échantillons de Lissoclinum bistratum, accompagnée de ses prochlorons symbiotes, provenant des îles de Ua et de N'Do, Nouvelle Calédonie. Ces échantillons ont été débarassés des débris apparents, broyés, puis lyophilisés quelques heures après la récolte. PROCEDE D'EXTRACTIONAn example of extraction is reported from samples of Lissoclinum bistratum, accompanied by its symbiont prochlorons, from the islands of Ua and N'Do, New Caledonia. These samples were cleared of visible debris, ground, and then freeze-dried a few hours after harvest. EXTRACTION PROCESS
Lissoclinum bistratum (5900 g) est traité 3 fois par le dichlorométhane, à raison de 3500 ml de solvant par kilo de matière première lyophilisée, à température ambiante, et sous agitation. Les solutions organiques sont filtrées, rassemblées, puis évaporées à sec à 1'évaporateur rotatif (température 40° C). Le poids d'extrait brut obtenu est de 44,2 g. Cet extrait brut est fractionné par chromatographie liquide basse pression (silice 60-200 μm 900 g ; acétate d'éthyle:méthanol 93:7 en élution isocratique, 20 ml/min). Il en résulte 11 fractions, dont la fraction 9 qui contient les bistramides en référence (6000° au 8000°ml, 22.3 g) (tous les volumes d'élution mentionnés dans ce procédé comprennent le volume mort de la colonne).Lissoclinum bistratum (5900 g) is treated 3 times with dichloromethane, at the rate of 3500 ml of solvent per kilo of lyophilized raw material, at room temperature, and with stirring. The organic solutions are filtered, combined, then evaporated to dryness on a rotary evaporator (temperature 40 ° C). The weight of crude extract obtained is 44.2 g. This crude extract is fractionated by low pressure liquid chromatography (silica 60-200 μm 900 g; ethyl acetate: methanol 93: 7 in isocratic elution, 20 ml / min). This results in 11 fractions, of which fraction 9 which contains the bistramides by reference (6000 ° to 8000 ° ml, 22.3 g) (all the elution volumes mentioned in this process include the dead volume of the column).
La fraction 9 est traitée par chromatographie liquide à haute pression (colonne Jones Chromatography 52 x 300 mm, silice 8 μm, dichlorométhane:méthanol 95:5 en élution isocratique à 90 ml/min, détection UV 254 nm et RI, masse injectée 3g par cycle). Parmi les fractions obtenues, trois fractions sont retenues : n° 1 (521° au 720°ml, 1004 mg), n° 2 (1261° au 2520° ml, 2992 mg) et n° 3 (2521° au 3780° ml, 532 mg). La fraction intermédiaire
non retenue (721° au 1260° ml) correspond au bistramide A.Fraction 9 is treated by high pressure liquid chromatography (Jones Chromatography column 52 x 300 mm, silica 8 μm, dichloromethane: methanol 95: 5 in isocratic elution at 90 ml / min, UV detection 254 nm and RI, mass injected 3g per cycle). Among the fractions obtained, three fractions are selected: n ° 1 (521 ° at 720 ° ml, 1004 mg), n ° 2 (1261 ° at 2520 ° ml, 2992 mg) and n ° 3 (2521 ° at 3780 ° ml , 532 mg). The intermediate fraction not retained (721 ° to 1260 ° ml) corresponds to bistramide A.
Le lot n° 1 est purifié par CLHP (colonne Interchim 22 x 250 mm, silice 10 μm ; dichlorométhane:méthanol eau 96:3,9:0,1 à 10 ml/min, détection UV 254 nm, bistramide L Tr=9min, puis colonne Biochrom 8 x 250 mm, C18 8 μm ; acétonitrile: eau 60:40 à 4 ml/min, bistramide L Tr = 16 min), ce qui conduit à 171 mg de bistramide L. Le lot n° 2 est purifié par CLHP (colonne CEDILot # 1 is purified by HPLC (Interchim column 22 x 250 mm, silica 10 μm; dichloromethane: methanol water 96: 3.9: 0.1 to 10 ml / min, UV detection 254 nm, bistramide L Tr = 9 min , then Biochrom column 8 x 250 mm, C18 8 μm; acetonitrile: water 60:40 at 4 ml / min, bistramide L Tr = 16 min), which leads to 171 mg of bistramide L. Lot n ° 2 is purified by HPLC (CEDI column
52 x 300 mm, C18 15-25 μm ; méthanol:eau 85:15 à 85 ml/min, détection RI, bistramide D Tr = 22 min) et fournit 1262 mg de bistramide D.52 x 300 mm, C18 15-25 μm; methanol: 85:15 water at 85 ml / min, RI detection, bistramide D Tr = 22 min) and provides 1262 mg of bistramide D.
Le lot n° 3 est purifié par CLHP (colonne Interchim 22 x 250 mm, C18 lOμm, méthanol:eau 85:15 à 10 ml/min, détection RI, bistramide K Tr = 19 min), ce qui conduit à 218 mg de bistramide K.Lot 3 is purified by HPLC (Interchim column 22 x 250 mm, C18 10 μm, methanol: water 85:15 at 10 ml / min, detection RI, bistramide K Tr = 19 min), which leads to 218 mg of bistramide K.
Les trois produits se présentent comme des solides amorphes non colorés. Ils peuvent être chromatographiés sur couche mince (silice, dichlorométhane:méthanol 90:10) et révélés par un réactif à base de vanilline (vanilline lg, acide sulfurique pur 100 ml, pulvérisés sur la chromatographie, puis celle-ci est chauffée 10 minutes à 110°C, bistramide L:bande brune à Rf = 0,45, bistramide D:bande mauve à Rf = 0,41, bistramide K:bande mauve à Rf = 0,28).The three products are presented as uncolored amorphous solids. They can be chromatographed on a thin layer (silica, dichloromethane: methanol 90:10) and revealed by a reagent based on vanillin (vanillin lg, pure sulfuric acid 100 ml, sprayed on the chromatography, then the latter is heated for 10 minutes to 110 ° C, bistramide L: brown band at Rf = 0.45, bistramide D: purple band at Rf = 0.41, bistramide K: purple band at Rf = 0.28).
Les rendements, par rapport au poids de poudre sèche, sont de:bistramide D: 21,4.10-3%,bistramide K: 3,7.10-3%, bistramide L : 2,9.10-3%.The yields, relative to the weight of dry powder, are: bistramide D: 21.4.10-3%, bistramide K: 3.7.10-3%, bistramide L: 2.9.10-3%.
FORMULES BRUTES ET POIDS MOLECULAIRESRAW FORMULAS AND MOLECULAR WEIGHTS
Bistramide D : C40H70N2O8, PM 706 ; ion C40H68N2O7, PM = 688,5006
Bistramide K : C40H70N2O8, PM 706 ; ion C40H68N2O7, PM = 688,5022Bistramide D: C40H70N2O8, PM 706; ion C40H68N2O7, PM = 688.5006 Bistramide K: C40H70N2O8, PM 706; ion C40H68N2O7, PM = 688.5022
Bistramide L : C40H68N2O8, PM 704,4968Bistramide L: C40H68N2O8, PM 704.4968
FORMULES DEVELOPPEESDEVELOPED FORMULAS
Les formules développées données plus haut ont été établies sur la base des données spectrales habituelles (UV, IR, RMN et spectrométrie de masse), et par comparaison avec celle du bistramide A comme décrit par Foster et al dans la référence précitée.The developed formulas given above were established on the basis of the usual spectral data (UV, IR, NMR and mass spectrometry), and by comparison with that of bistramide A as described by Foster et al in the aforementioned reference.
On rapporte dans les tableaux 1 et 2 qui suivent les résultats de l'analyse par spectrométrie de masse concernant les bistramides D et K et par RMN pour les bistramides D, K et L.The results of the mass spectrometry analysis concerning the bistramides D and K and by NMR for the bistramides D, K and L are reported in Tables 1 and 2 which follow.
Les mesures de ei (electronic impact) et de hrms (high resolution mass spectrometry) sont enregistrées sur un spectomètre Varian MAT 311 à 70 keV, avec un pouvoir de résolution de 1500.The measurements of ei (electronic impact) and hrms (high resolution mass spectrometry) are recorded on a Varian MAT 311 spectrometer at 70 keV, with a resolution power of 1500.
Les mesures de fab (fast atomic bombardment) sont obtenues sur un appareil Kratos Concept II HH. Les échantillons sont dissous dans un thioglycérol et une petite goutte de la solution d'échantillon est placée sur la cible en cuivre de la sonde d'insertion directe fab.Fab (fast atomic bombardment) measurements are obtained on a Kratos Concept II HH device. The samples are dissolved in a thioglycerol and a small drop of the sample solution is placed on the copper target of the fab direct insertion probe.
L'échantillon est bombardé avec des atomes de xénon de 7 keV. Les ions produits sont accélérés sous 8 kV et les ions négatifs sont détectés.The sample is bombarded with 7 keV xenon atoms. The ions produced are accelerated below 8 kV and the negative ions are detected.
Tableau 1 Table 1
Bistramide M+(expérimental) Formule M+(théorique)Bistramide M + (experimental) Formula M + (theoretical)
Les ions de masses les plus élevées observés pour le bistramide D et pour le bistramide K en spectrométrie de masse ei et fab positive représentent 1'ion moléculaire moins H2O. Toutefois les ions M-H sont observés pour les deux métabolites dans les spectres fab négatifs. Les résultats obtenus pour le bistramide K montrent qu'il s'agit d'un isomère du bistramide D.The highest mass ions observed for bistramide D and for bistramide K in mass spectrometry ei and fab positive represent the molecular ion minus H2O. However the M-H ions are observed for the two metabolites in the fab negative spectra. The results obtained for bistramide K show that it is an isomer of bistramide D.
Dans le tableau 2, on indique pour les bistramides D, K et L, les données de l'analyse RMN. Les spectres sont obtenus en utilisant une sonde C-5 double lH et 13c dans un spectromètre Brϋker AM 400 WB. Les bistramides purs sont dissous dans CDCI3 et les déplacements chimiques sont appréciés par rapport au tétraméthylsilane (TMS).In Table 2, the data from the NMR analysis are indicated for the bistramides D, K and L. The spectra are obtained by using a double 1H and 13c C-5 probe in a Brϋker AM 400 WB spectrometer. The pure bistramides are dissolved in CDCI3 and the chemical shifts are appreciated compared to tetramethylsilane (TMS).
Pour les expérimentations sur lH, les paramètres suivants ont été retenus : largeur spectrale 2994 Hz, largeur de l'impulsion 3,5 μs (45°), 16 balayages, et pour celles sur 13c : largeur spectrale 23809,5 Hz, largeur de l'impulsion 2,4 μs (45°), 1200 balayages.
Tableau 2For the experiments on 1H, the following parameters were retained: spectral width 2994 Hz, pulse width 3.5 μs (45 °), 16 scans, and for those on 13c: spectral width 23809.5 Hz, width of 2.4 μs pulse (45 °), 1200 scans. Table 2
00
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Exemple 2 : Obtention de prochlorons à partir de colonies de T.. bistratumExample 2: Obtaining prochlorons from colonies of T. bistratum
Les ascidies sont détachées de leur support, soigneusement lavées à grande eau pour les débarasser de la vase et des autres débris. Elles sont égouttées, ouvertes une à une au couteau, pressées à la main, puis mécaniquement dans un bain d'eau de mer. La suspension dans l'eau de mer est filtrée sur des tamis de plus en plus fins (123, 63, 40, 10 et 5 μm). Les prochlorons sont retenus par le tamis de 10 μm. Le résidu d'algues est congelé, lyophilisé et extrait au dichlorométhane. L'obtention des bistramides à partir de cet extrait se fait selon le même procédé qu'à partir de 1'extrait des ascidies entières.The ascidians are detached from their support, carefully washed with plenty of water to get rid of mud and other debris. They are drained, opened one by one with a knife, pressed by hand, then mechanically in a seawater bath. The suspension in seawater is filtered through increasingly fine sieves (123, 63, 40, 10 and 5 μm). The prochlorons are retained by the 10 μm sieve. The algae residue is frozen, lyophilized and extracted with dichloromethane. Obtaining the bistramides from this extract is carried out according to the same process as from the extract of whole ascidians.
Exemple 3 : Préparation du bistramide D par réduction du bistramide A.Example 3 Preparation of Bistramide D by Reduction of Bistramide A.
Une solution de 50 mg (0,07 mmoles) de bistramide A dans 3 ml de THF est refroidie dans un bain de glace. Le bistramide A est obtenu en opérant selon Gouiffes et al. dans Toxicon, 1988, tome 26, pages 1129- 1136.A solution of 50 mg (0.07 mmol) of bistramide A in 3 ml of THF is cooled in an ice bath. Bistramide A is obtained by operating according to Gouiffes et al. in Toxicon, 1988, volume 26, pages 1129-1136.
On ajoute 13 mg (0,35 mmoles) de borohydrure de sodium. Après 2 heures d'agitation à température ambiante, le brut réactionnel est versé dans 5 ml d'eau + glace, puis extrait par deux fois avec 5 ml d'acétate d'éthyle. Après séchage sur MgSθ4, le solvant est évaporé et le résidu est purifié par chromatographie sur colonne de silice éluée par un mélange de dichlorométhane : méthanol (95 : 5).13 mg (0.35 mmol) of sodium borohydride are added. After 2 hours of stirring at room temperature, the reaction crude is poured into 5 ml of water + ice, then extracted twice with 5 ml of ethyl acetate. After drying over MgSθ4, the solvent is evaporated off and the residue is purified by chromatography on a column of silica eluted with a mixture of dichloromethane: methanol (95: 5).
Les premières fractions contiennent 1'épimère du bistramide D (16 mg ; 32 %). Le bistramide D (18 mg ; 36 %) est ensuite récupéré. Le rendement total en produits réduits est de 68 %.
En variante, on opère comme indiqué ci-dessus, mais en remplaçant le ' borohydure de sodium par du borohydure de potassium. Le rendement total en produits réduits est de 72 %. Selon encore une autre variante, on dissout 53 mg (0,07 mmoles) de bistramide A dans 3 ml de méthanol contenant 10 % d'acide acétique. Après refroidissement de la solution dans un bain de glace, on ajoute 13 mg (0,21 mmoles) de cyanoborohydure de potassium. Après 4 heures d'agitation sous atmosphère inerte, le mélange réactionnel est versé dans 5 ml d'eau + glace, puis extrait par deux fois avec 5 ml d'acétate d'éthyle. Après séchage sur MgS04, le solvant est évaporé et le résidu est purifié par chromatographie sur colonne de silice éluée par un mélange de dichlorométhane : méthanol (95:5).The first fractions contain the epimer of bistramide D (16 mg; 32%). Bistramide D (18 mg; 36%) is then recovered. The total yield of reduced products is 68%. Alternatively, the procedure is as indicated above, but replacing sodium borohydride with potassium borohydride. The total yield of reduced products is 72%. According to yet another variant, 53 mg (0.07 mmol) of bistramide A are dissolved in 3 ml of methanol containing 10% acetic acid. After the solution has cooled in an ice bath, 13 mg (0.21 mmol) of potassium cyanoborohydride are added. After 4 hours of stirring under an inert atmosphere, the reaction mixture is poured into 5 ml of water + ice, then extracted twice with 5 ml of ethyl acetate. After drying over MgSO4, the solvent is evaporated and the residue is purified by chromatography on a column of silica eluted with a mixture of dichloromethane: methanol (95: 5).
L'épimère du bistramide D est élue le premier (18 mg ; 34 %), puis le bistramide D est récupéré (21 mg ; 39 %). Le rendement total en produits réduits est de 78 %.The epimer of bistramide D is first elected (18 mg; 34%), then bistramide D is recovered (21 mg; 39%). The total yield of reduced products is 78%.
Exemple 4 : Etude des effets pharmacodynamiques des bistramides D, K, et L in vitro et in vivoExample 4 Study of the Pharmacodynamic Effects of the D, K and L Bistramides in Vitro and in Vivo
. Effets in vitro. In vitro effects
On rapporte ci-après les résultats des cytoxicites exprimées en CI50 en μg/ml (concentration correspondant à une inhibition de 50 % de la croissance des cellules) sur 6 lignées tumorales à savoir KB, P388, P388/dox (résistant à la doxorubicine), B16 et H429 et NSCLC-N6, qui sont des cellules humaines de carcinome broncho-pulmonaire du type "non à petites cellules".The results of the cytoxicites expressed in IC50 in μg / ml (concentration corresponding to a 50% inhibition of cell growth) are reported below on 6 tumor lines, namely KB, P388, P388 / dox (doxorubicin resistant) , B16 and H429 and NSCLC-N6, which are human cells of bronchopulmonary carcinoma of the "non-small cell" type.
Les déterminations ont été effectuées selon le protocole donné dans Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. (1991) 28:283-292 par Roussakis et al.
The determinations were carried out according to the protocol given in Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. (1991) 28: 283-292 by Roussakis et al.
L'effet cytostatique des produits au niveau du cycle cellulaire a été également étudié par cytofluorimétrie.The cytostatic effect of the products at the cell cycle level was also studied by cytofluorimetry.
La technique utilisée correspond à celle rapportée par Roussakis et al. dans la référence ci- dessus.The technique used corresponds to that reported by Roussakis et al. in the above reference.
On constate un effet antiprolifératif des produits lié à un blocage irréversible en phase Gl, entraînant la mort des cellules tumorales bronchopulmonaires "non à petites cellules" (NSCLC-N6). Ce blocage en phase Gl est suivi d'un passage en phase G1DT, qui caractérise l'état de la différenciation terminale. Les cellules qui atteignent cette phase G1DT produisent une substance intracytoplasmique, antiproliférative, de nature proteique, qui est le produit de l'expression d'un gène spécifique, lequel joue probablement le rôle d'un anti- oncogène.There is an antiproliferative effect of the products linked to an irreversible blockage in the Gl phase, leading to the death of "non-small cell" bronchopulmonary tumor cells (NSCLC-N6). This blocking in phase G1 is followed by a transition to phase G1DT, which characterizes the state of terminal differentiation. The cells which reach this G1DT phase produce an intracytoplasmic, antiproliferative substance, of a protein nature, which is the product of the expression of a specific gene, which probably plays the role of an anti-oncogene.
Lorsque les cellules NSCLC-N6 sont induites à la différenciation terminale sous l'effet des bistramides de l'invention, on observe en effet, in vitro, l'inhibition de l'expression de l'oncogene erb-b2, habituellement exprimé par le modèle expérimental utilisé, et de son produit d'expression, 1'oncoprotéine c-erb-b2.
. Effets in vivoWhen the NSCLC-N6 cells are induced to terminal differentiation under the effect of the bistramides of the invention, the inhibition of the expression of the erb-b2 oncogene, usually expressed by the experimental model used, and its expression product, the c-erb-b2 oncoprotein. . In vivo effects
L'activité antitumorale des produits de 1'invention a été étudiée à 1'encontre de tumeurs solides de type NSCLC greffées chez la souris nude (D. Riou, C. Roussakis, J.F. Biard, J.F. Verbist : "Comparative study of antitumor activity of bistramides A, D and K against a non-small cell bronchopulmonary carcinoma", Anticancer Research, 1993, 13, 2321-2334). Chaque souris a reçu 0,2 ml d'une solution cellulaire obtenue par dispersion mécanique d'environ 1 g de tumeur de souris excisée dans 4,8 ml d'une solution saline stérile. Les tumeurs greffées en sous-cutanée ont été mesurées sur leur grande longueur L et leur petite longueur 1. Le volume tumoral a été évalué d'après la formule Vt=Lxl2/2. La croissance tumorale au jour j a été calculée par la formule Vtj/Vtjo pour chaque souris, Vtjo étant le volume tumoral au début du traitement. La figure unique montre les courbes de croissance tumorale en fonction du temps (jours) obtenues avec ou sans traitement par les bistramides.The antitumor activity of the products of the invention has been studied against solid tumors of the NSCLC type grafted in nude mice (D. Riou, C. Roussakis, JF Biard, JF Verbist: "Comparative study of antitumor activity of bistramides A, D and K against a non-small cell bronchopulmonary carcinoma ", Anticancer Research, 1993, 13, 2321-2334). Each mouse received 0.2 ml of a cell solution obtained by mechanical dispersion of approximately 1 g of excised mouse tumor in 4.8 ml of sterile saline solution. The tumors grafted subcutaneously were measured over their long length L and their short length 1. The tumor volume was evaluated according to the formula Vt = Lxl2 / 2. The tumor growth on day d was calculated by the formula Vtj / Vtjo for each mouse, Vtjo being the tumor volume at the start of the treatment. The single figure shows the curves of tumor growth as a function of time (days) obtained with or without treatment with bistramides.
La courbe " se rapporte à l'expérience témoin, les courbes " ", " —Q —" et " --•—" aux expériences avec respectivement 10, 20 et 5 mg/kg de bistramide D et la courbe " # " à une expérience avec 10 mg/kg de bistramide K. Chaque point est la moyenne des croissances tumorales de 6 souris. Dans ces expériences, le bistramide K est injecté à raison de 10 mg/kg par voie intrapéritonéale, pendant 16 jours, et le bistramide D à raison de 5 mg/kg par voie intrapéritonéale quotidiennement pendant 16 jours ; à 10 mg/ kg par voie intraveineuse aux jours 1, 5, 9, 14, et à 20 mg/kg par voie intraveineuse aux jours 1, 5, 9, 14.
L'examen de ces courbes montre que par rapport aux témoins (100 %), la croissance tumorale s'établie, au bout de 30 jours, pour les animaux traités, à :The curve "relates to the control experiment, the curves""," —Q - "and" - • - "to the experiments with 10, 20 and 5 mg / kg of bistramide D respectively and the curve"#"to an experiment with 10 mg / kg of bistramide K. Each point is the average of the tumor growths of 6 mice In these experiments, bistramide K is injected at the rate of 10 mg / kg intraperitoneally, for 16 days, and the bistramide D 5 mg / kg intraperitoneally daily for 16 days; 10 mg / kg intravenously on days 1, 5, 9, 14, and 20 mg / kg intravenously on days 1, 5, 9 , 14. The examination of these curves shows that compared to the controls (100%), the tumor growth is established, after 30 days, for the treated animals, at:
bistramide D (5 mg/kg, IP) : 100 %bistramide D (5 mg / kg, PI): 100%
(10 mg/kg, IV) : 76 % (20 mg/kg, IV) : 53 %(10 mg / kg, IV): 76% (20 mg / kg, IV): 53%
bistramide K (10 mg/kg, IP) : 49 %bistramide K (10 mg / kg, PI): 49%
On notera que le bistramide A, utilisé dans les conditions rapportées ci-dessus, est trop toxique pour qu'un effet anti-tumoral puisse être observé.Note that bistramide A, used under the conditions reported above, is too toxic for an anti-tumor effect to be observed.
Exemple 5 : Prépraration d'une solution injectable de bistramide D.Example 5 Preparation of a Bistramide D Solution for Injection
On dissout 2 g de bistramide D dans 1000 ml de soluté physiologique apyrogène. La solution obtenue est répartie, dans des conditions aseptiques, dans des ampoules de 10 ml, contenant 20 mg de produit par ampoule.2 g of bistramide D are dissolved in 1000 ml of pyrogen-free physiological solution. The solution obtained is distributed, under aseptic conditions, in 10 ml ampoules, containing 20 mg of product per ampoule.
Exemple & : Activité anti-parasitaire des bistramides de l'invention.Example &: Anti-parasitic activity of the bistramides of the invention.
On rapporte les résultats d'expériences réalisés sur un modèle in vivo en utilisant Plasmodium vinckei petteri, espèce plasmodiale de rongeur entretenue sur souris blanches femelles, qui présente l'intérêt d'une synchronisation parfaite du cycle endo- érythrocytaire.We report the results of experiments carried out on an in vivo model using Plasmodium vinckei petteri, a plasmodial species of rodent maintained on female white mice, which has the advantage of perfect synchronization of the endo-erythrocytic cycle.
1. les rongeurs les animaux utilisés sont des souris blanches femelles, SWISS (IFFA CREDO) pesant environ 30 grammes. Le nombre de souris, réparties par lot est de cinq.
2. la souche1. the rodents the animals used are white female mice, SWISS (IFFA CREDO) weighing approximately 30 grams. The number of mice, distributed by batch is five. 2. the strain
L'espèce Plasmodium vinckei petteri utilisée provient de la souche 279 BY, (voir article Cambie G et al dans CR.Acad.Sci.PARIS 310,série 111,183-188). Ce plasmodie réalise un cycle schizogonique en 24h, de façon synchrone. Par la technique de congélation-décongélation de sang infecté, seul le stade mérozoïte résiste, les autres formes étant détruites. Si l'injection des mérozoïtes a lieu à Oh, on observe sucessivement comme stade prédominant :The Plasmodium vinckei petteri species used comes from the strain 279 BY, (see article Cambie G et al in CR.Acad.Sci.PARIS 310, series 111,183-188). This plasmody performs a schizogonic cycle in 24 hours, synchronously. By the freeze-thaw technique of infected blood, only the merozoite stage resists, the other forms being destroyed. If the merozoites are injected at Oh, we observe successively as the predominant stage:
- A 3h le stade anneau (A)- At 3 a.m. the ring stage (A)
- A 6h le stade trophozoïte jeune (TJ)- At 6 a.m. the young trophozoite stage (TJ)
- A 12h le stade trophozoïte moyen (TM) - A 18h le stade trophozoïte âgé (TA)- At 12 p.m. the middle trophozoite stage (TM) - At 6 p.m. the elderly trophozoite stage (AT)
La maturation du parasite dans l'hématie, du stade anneau au stade trophozoïte âgé correspond à la phase Gl du cycle cellulaire.The maturation of the parasite in the red blood cell, from the ring stage to the aged trophozoite stage corresponds to the Gl phase of the cell cycle.
Cette phase est suivie par la multiplication du parasite, phases S et M du cycle cellulaire.This phase is followed by the multiplication of the parasite, S and M phases of the cell cycle.
Le stade schizonte correspond à l'éclatement et à la libération des mérozoïtes.The schizont stage corresponds to the bursting and release of the merozoites.
L'observation des parasites sanguins se fait sur frottis colorés réalisés en prélevant une goutte de sang à la queue. Les frottis sont ensuite colorés au May-The observation of blood parasites is done on colored smears made by taking a drop of blood from the tail. The smears are then stained with May-
Grumwald-Giemsa. Le calcul de la parasitémie (nombre de parasites pour 100 hématies) se fait sur frottis.Grumwald-Giemsa. The parasitaemia calculation (number of parasites per 100 red cells) is done on a smear.
Les études entreprises nécessitent la constitution d'un stock de sang parasité conservé à - 70°C dans l'azote liquide. Les souris infestées sont prélevées au sinus rétro-orbitaire à 1'aide d'une pipette pasteur héparinée. Une solution de glycérol à 10% est ajoutée volume à volume au sang parasité. Le sang est ensuite réparti dans des tubes à congélation à raison de 0,5 ml par tube.
3. injection du bistramideThe studies undertaken require the creation of a stock of parasitized blood stored at -70 ° C in liquid nitrogen. Infested mice are removed from the retro-orbital sinus using a heparinized pasteur pipette. A 10% glycerol solution is added volume to volume to the parasitized blood. The blood is then distributed into freezer tubes at the rate of 0.5 ml per tube. 3. injection of the bistramide
On utilise, dans ces essais, le bistramide D dans de l'eau physiologique stérile contenant 5% de DMSO. Ce produit est injecté par voie sous-cutanée au niveau de la cuisse.Bistramide D is used in these tests in sterile physiological water containing 5% DMSO. This product is injected subcutaneously in the thigh.
4. Mise en évidence de 1'activité4. Demonstration of the activity
A/ Test de PETERS Pour vérifier l'activité du composé étudié, on applique le test de PETERS qui constitue la référence pour le criblage de molécules à activité antimalarique.A / PETERS test To verify the activity of the compound studied, the PETERS test is applied, which constitutes the reference for the screening of molecules with antimalarial activity.
(PETERS ..1980. Chemoterapy and Drug résistance in(PETERS. 1980. Chemoterapy and Drug resistance in
Malaria vol II Académie Press). Après 4 jours de traitement, on compare le pourcentage d'hématies parasitées sur frottis mince entre le lot témoin et le lot traité. On établit de cette façon un pourcentage d'inhibition.Malaria vol II Academy Press). After 4 days of treatment, the percentage of parasitized red blood cells on a thin smear is compared between the control batch and the treated batch. In this way a percentage of inhibition is established.
a) injection de 107 hématies parasitées par voie I.P. (Jo) b) injection du Bistramide D à 15 mg/kg/jour, pendant 4 jours en sous-cutané (JO,Jl,J2,J3) c) contrôle sur frottis de la parasitémie à J4a) injection of 107 parasitized red cells by the IP route (Jo) b) injection of Bistramide D at 15 mg / kg / day, for 4 days subcutaneously (OJ, Jl, J2, J3) c) smear control of the parasitemia on D4
- Résultats : . essai A :- Results:. test A:
- témoins à J4 : parasitémie 4% - lot traité à J4 : parasitémie 0,64% soit 84% d'inhibition . essai B :- controls on D4: parasitaemia 4% - batch treated on D4: parasitaemia 0.64% or 84% inhibition. test B:
- témoins à J4 : parasitémie 4%- witnesses on D4: parasitemia 4%
- lot traité à J4 : parasitémie 0,50% soit 87% d'inhibition- batch treated on D4: parasitaemia 0.50% or 87% inhibition
. essai C :
- témoins à J4 : parasitémie 1,20%. test C: - controls on D4: parasitaemia 1.20%
- lot traité à J4 : parasitémie 0,23% soit 81% d'inhibition- batch treated on D4: parasitemia 0.23% or 81% inhibition
L'examen des résultats obtenus dans les trois essais ci-dessus, montre une inhibition moyenne de 84% lorsqu'on administre un bistramide selon l'invention.Examination of the results obtained in the three tests above, shows an average inhibition of 84% when administering a bistramide according to the invention.
B/ ETUDE DU STADE PARASITAIRE SENSIBLE AUX BISTRAMIDESB / STUDY OF THE BISTRAMID-SENSITIVE PARASITIC STADIUM
Pour apprécier le ou les stades parasitaires les plus sensibles à l'action des bistramides de l'invention, on a étudié l'effet de ces bistramides sur chaque stade parasitaire prédominant durant le cycle cellulaire d'une espèce de Plasmodium donné.To assess the parasite stage or stages most sensitive to the action of the bistramides of the invention, the effect of these bistramides on each predominant parasitic stage during the cell cycle of a given species of Plasmodium has been studied.
Les résultats donnés ci-après concernent 1'effet du bistramide D sur les stades parasitaires de Plasmodium vinckei petteri. - Méthodologie : Après infestation des souris, on constitue cinq lots de cinq souris. Chaque lot est traité par une dose de 15 mg/kg de bistramide D au moment où prédominent l'un des stades.The results given below relate to the effect of bistramide D on the parasitic stages of Plasmodium vinckei petteri. - Methodology: After infestation of mice, five batches of five mice are made up. Each batch is treated with a dose of 15 mg / kg of bistramide D when one of the stages predominates.
On dispose donc, en plus, du lot témoin, d'un lot mérozoïtes, d'un lot anneaux, d'un lot trophozoïtes jeunes, d'un lot trophozoïtes moyens et d'un lot trophozoïtes âgés.We therefore have, in addition, the control batch, a merozoite batch, a ring batch, a young trophozoite batch, a medium trophozoite batch and an aged trophozoite batch.
On évalue le retard de parasitémie ou période patente comme le temps en jours nécessaire pour que la parasitémie atteigne 1%.The parasitaemia delay or patent period is evaluated as the time in days necessary for the parasitaemia to reach 1%.
-Résultats :-Results:
. lot témoin 5 J. control batch 5 J
. lot mérozoïtes 5 J . lot anneaux 5,4 J. 5 J merozoites batch. set of rings 5.4 J
. lot trophozoïtes jeunes 5,6 J
. lot trophozoïtes moyens 6,25 J . lot trophozoïtes âgés 6,2 J Le test statistique de KRUSKAL-WALLIS unilatéral (BMDP, Statistical software manual 1990, vol.l, Ed WJ DIXON U. of Californy Press) met en évidence une différence significative (p<0,001) entre le lot témoin et les lots trophozoïtes moyens et âgés.. batch of young trophozoites 5.6 J . batch average trophozoites 6.25 J. lot trophozoites aged 6.2 J The unilateral KRUSKAL-WALLIS statistical test (BMDP, Statistical software manual 1990, vol.l, Ed WJ DIXON U. of Californy Press) shows a significant difference (p <0.001) between the lot control and the middle and aged trophozoite batches.
On observe donc une activité sélective du bistramide D sur les stades trophozoïtes moyens et âgés. D'après une étude préliminaire en cytométrie en flux, des hématies murines parasitées par l'espèceA selective activity of bistramide D is therefore observed on the middle and old trophozoite stages. According to a preliminary flow cytometry study, murine red cells parasitized by the species
Plasmodium vinckei petteri montrent, en présence de bistramide D, un blocage partiel du parasite au stade de sa maturation. Ceci a pour conséquence un arrêt de la prolifération parasitaire au stade trophozoïte moyen et âgé.Plasmodium vinckei petteri show, in the presence of bistramide D, a partial blockage of the parasite at the stage of its maturation. This results in a cessation of parasitic proliferation in the middle and old trophozoite stage.
Ce blocage, qui correspond à la phase Gl du cycle cellulaire, est dose-dépendant, et est probablement lié à une maturation atypique du parasite.This blockage, which corresponds to the Gl phase of the cell cycle, is dose-dependent, and is probably linked to atypical maturation of the parasite.
C/ COMPARAISON DES SCHEMAS THERAPEUTIQUESC / COMPARISON OF THERAPEUTIC DIAGRAMS
MQNQ QSE ET MULTIDQSEMQNQ QSE AND MULTIDQSE
L'objectif est de suivre au quotidien la parasitémie et d'évaluer l'inhibition de la parasitémie selon le schéma thérapeutique adopté pour un traitement. On met en évidence les modifications morphologiques du parasite par la formule parasitaire, le calcul de la formule parasitaire se fait également sur frottis et permet d'évaluer la proportion de chaque stade : anneau, trophozoïte jeune, trophozoïte moyen, trophozoïte âgé pour 100 hématies.The objective is to monitor parasitaemia on a daily basis and assess the inhibition of parasitaemia according to the therapeutic scheme adopted for a treatment. The morphological modifications of the parasite are highlighted by the parasitic formula, the calculation of the parasitic formula is also done on a smear and makes it possible to evaluate the proportion of each stage: ring, young trophozoite, medium trophozoite, aged trophozoite per 100 red cells.
La méthodologie appliquée est la suivante : a) après infestation, on constitue trois lots de cinq souris, à savoir - un lot témoin, à JO,
- un lot dit monodose, pour lequel une seule injection de bistramide D (15mg/kg), à JO, est effectuée sur la souris un lot dit multidose, où l'injection de bistramide D est effectuée en administrant cinq doses respectivement à JO,Jl,J2,J3,J4 (dose totale 15mg/kg) b) la confection et la lecture des frottis sont effectuées tous les jours pendant 21 jours.The methodology applied is as follows: a) after infestation, three batches of five mice are formed, namely - a control batch, OJ, - a batch known as single-dose, for which a single injection of bistramide D (15 mg / kg), to JO, is carried out on the mouse a batch known as multidose, where the injection of bistramide D is carried out by administering five doses respectively to JO, Day 1, Day 2, Day 3, Day 4 (total dose 15 mg / kg) b) the preparation and reading of the smears is carried out daily for 21 days.
On a déterminé pour chaque lot le pourcentage de parasitémie et le pourcentage d'inhibition du développement du parasite.The percentage of parasitaemia and the percentage of inhibition of parasite development were determined for each batch.
Les résultats obtenus sont donnés dans les tableaux 1 et 2.The results obtained are given in Tables 1 and 2.
Tableau 1 Table 1
Tableau 2Table 2
Les formules parasitaires dans chacun des lots sont données à J5 et à J7 dans le tableau 3.
Tableau 3The parasitic formulas in each of the batches are given on D5 and on D7 in Table 3. Table 3
L'ensemble de ces résultats met en évidence une différence très notable à J7 où la parasitémie du lot multidose est dix fois moins élevé par rapport au lot témoin (le pourcentage d'inhibition est de 85%).All of these results highlight a very notable difference on D7 where the parasitaemia of the multidose batch is ten times lower compared to the control batch (the percentage of inhibition is 85%).
Le parasite se trouve essentiellement sous forme trophozoïte âgé (93%) dans le lot multidose et sous forme anneau dans le lot témoin.The parasite is mainly found in aged trophozoite form (93%) in the multidose group and in ring form in the control group.
Le parasite apparaît donc bloqué au stade trophozoïte âgé.The parasite therefore appears to be blocked at the aged trophozoite stage.
A partir de J8, la parasitémie entre les deux lots est comparable, le Plasmodium n'étant apparemment plus sous l'effet du bistramide D.From D8, the parasitaemia between the two batches is comparable, Plasmodium apparently no longer being under the effect of bistramide D.
La dernière injection de la drogue dans ce lot multidose a été effectué à J4, la durée d'action du bistramide D est d'environ 3 jours. Cela semble être confirmé avec le lot monodose : A J4 (trois jours après l'injection de bistramide D) on n'observe pas de différence entre la parasitémie du lot témoin et celle du lot monodose.
The last injection of the drug in this multidose batch was carried out on D4, the duration of action of bistramide D is approximately 3 days. This seems to be confirmed with the single-dose group: On D4 (three days after the injection of bistramide D), there is no difference between the parasitaemia of the control group and that of the single-group group.
Claims
1. Dérivés de bistramides biologiquement actifs, caractérisés en ce que1. Biologically active bistramide derivatives, characterized in that
- ils sont capables d'exercer in vivo une activité antitumorale entraînant la différenciation des cellules tumorales, avec inhibition de l'expression de l'oncogene erb-2 normalement exprimé par les cellules des lignées bronchopulmonaires non à petites cellules,- they are capable of exerting in vivo an antitumor activity leading to the differentiation of tumor cells, with inhibition of the expression of the erb-2 oncogene normally expressed by cells of non-small cell bronchopulmonary lines,
- leur DL50 est supérieure à 30 mg/kg, voire 160 mg/kg ou plus, et- their LD50 is greater than 30 mg / kg, or even 160 mg / kg or more, and
- ils répondent à la formule (I)- they correspond to formula (I)
dans laquellein which
-Ri, X, Y et R2, identiques ou différents les uns des autres, représentent une chaîne hydrocarbonée de 1 à 20 atomes de carbone, saturée ou insaturée, substituée par au moins un groupe -OH et/ou une fonction cétone, comportant,-Ri, X, Y and R2, identical or different from each other, represent a hydrocarbon chain of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, substituted by at least one -OH group and / or a ketone function, comprising,
le cas échéant, au moins un cycle , ce cycle pouvant comporter une ou plusieurs insaturations,if necessary, at least one cycle, this cycle may include one or more unsaturations,
-R3, R4 et R5, identiques ou différents les uns des autres, sont choisis parmi l'hydrogène, les radicaux alcoyle ou alcoxy de 1 à 4 atomes de carbone, un groupe -COOH, -OH, -NH2 ou -NO2, ou un atome d'halogène, les groupes -OH et -COOH des substituants étant le cas échéant, respectivement, sous forme d'éthers ou d'esters, étant entendu que, lorsque R3 et R4 représentent chacun un atome d'hydrogène, Ri et R2 ne représentent pas respectivement de chaînes-R3, R4 and R5, identical or different from each other, are chosen from hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy radicals of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a group -COOH, -OH, -NH2 or -NO2, or a halogen atom, the -OH and -COOH groups of the substituents being, where appropriate, respectively, in the form of ethers or of esters, it being understood that, when R3 and R4 each represent a hydrogen atom, Ri and R2 do not respectively represent chains
CH3-CH=CH-CO-CH2 -LJs et(CH3,OH)CH-C(CH3)=CH3-CH = CH-CO-CH2 -LJs and (CH3, OH) CH-C (CH3) =
ou,CH3 -(CH2)2-CO-CH2 et(CH3,OH)CH-C(CH3)= ou encore,or, CH3 - (CH2) 2-CO-CH2 and (CH3, OH) CH-C (CH3) = or,
CH3-C CH3-C
2. Dérivés selon la revendication 1, caractérisés en ce qu'ils sont capables d'exercer une activité cytostatique vis-à-vis de parasites.2. Derivatives according to claim 1, characterized in that they are capable of exerting cytostatic activity with respect to parasites.
3. Dérivés selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisés en ce que Ri comporte de 1 à 15 atomes de carbone.3. Derivatives according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that Ri contains from 1 to 15 carbon atoms.
4. Dérivés selon 1'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisés en ce que Ri comporte 1 ou 2 doubles liaisons éthyléniques.4. Derivatives according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that Ri contains 1 or 2 ethylenic double bonds.
5. Dérivés selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisés en ce que R2 comporte de 6 à 10 atomes de carbone, notamment 8 ou 9 et, avantageusement une double liaison éthylénique.5. Derivatives according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that R2 contains from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular 8 or 9 and, advantageously an ethylenic double bond.
6. Dérivés selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisés en ce que X et Y comportent de 2 à 8 atomes de carbone, notamment de 2 à 6 atomes de carbone, en particulier de 3 à 5.6. Derivatives according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that X and Y contain from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular from 3 to 5.
7. Dérivés selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisés en ce que R3 et R5 représentent un radical alcoyle ou alcoxy, notamment de 1 à 4 atomes de carbone, et R4 un atome d'hydrogène. 7. Derivatives according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that R3 and R5 represent an alkyl or alkoxy radical, in particular from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R4 a hydrogen atom.
8. Le bistramide K de formule (IV)8. The bistramide K of formula (IV)
9. Le bistramide D de formule (II)9. The bistramide D of formula (II)
10. Le bistramide L de formule (III)10. The bistramide L of formula (III)
11. Dérivés de bistramides selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisés en ce qu'il s'agit de formes énantiomères ou diastéréoisomères.11. Bistramide derivatives according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that they are enantiomeric or diastereoisomeric forms.
12. Compositions pharmaceutiques, caractérisées en ce qu'elles comprennent une quantité efficace d'au moins un bistramide selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, en association avec un véhicule pharmaceutique.12. Pharmaceutical compositions, characterized in that they comprise an effective amount of at least one bistramide according to one of claims 1 to 11, in combination with a pharmaceutical vehicle.
13. Compositions pharmaceutiques selon la revendication 12, caractérisées en ce qu'elles sont administrables par voie orale ou injectable.13. Pharmaceutical compositions according to claim 12, characterized in that they can be administered by the oral or injectable route.
14. Compositions pharmaceutiques selon la revendica¬ tion 13, caractérisées en ce qu'il s'agit de tablettes, comprimés, gélules, pilules et qu'elles renferment de 10 à 100 mg de principe actif par unité de prise, de préférence de 40 à 60 mg.14. Pharmaceutical compositions according to claim 13, characterized in that they are tablets, tablets, capsules, pills and that they contain from 10 to 100 mg of active principle per intake unit, preferably 40 at 60 mg.
15. Compositions pharmaceutiques selon la revendication 13, caractérisées en ce qu'il s'agit de solutions injectables, ces solutions renfermant avantageusement par unité de prise de 10 à 50 mg de principe actif, de préférence de 15 à 30 mg.15. Pharmaceutical compositions according to claim 13, characterized in that they are injectable solutions, these solutions advantageously containing per dosage unit from 10 to 50 mg of active principle, preferably from 15 to 30 mg.
16. Compositions pharmaceutiques selon l'une des revendications 12 à 15, utilisées comme médicaments anti¬ tumoraux, en particulier pour le traitement de tumeurs solides. 16. Pharmaceutical compositions according to one of claims 12 to 15, used as anti-tumor drugs, in particular for the treatment of solid tumors.
17. Compositions pharmaceutiques selon l'une des revendications 12 à 15, utilisées comme médicaments anti¬ parasitaires, en particulier pour le traitement du paludisme ou des leishmanioses.17. Pharmaceutical compositions according to one of claims 12 to 15, used as anti¬ parasitic drugs, in particular for the treatment of malaria or leishmaniasis.
18. Utilisation des bistramides selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, pour l'élaboration de médicaments antiparasitaires, en particulier de médicaments destinés au traitement du paludisme ou des leishmanioses.18. Use of bistramides according to one of claims 1 to 11, for the development of antiparasitic drugs, in particular drugs intended for the treatment of malaria or leishmaniasis.
19. Procédé d'obtention de bistramides selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11 par extraction à partir de _____ bistratum, et/ou de ses prochlorons symbiotes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes de chromatographie liquide basse pression de l'extrait organique sec pour éliminer au moins la majeure partie des impuretés ayant une polarité supérieure ou inférieure à celles des produits recherchés. - chromatographie liquide haute pression des fractions riches en bistramides, de manière à obtenir des fractions enrichies en un bistramide donné, et avantageusement19. Method for obtaining bistramides according to one of claims 1 to 11 by extraction from _____ bistratum, and / or its symbiont prochlorons, characterized in that it comprises the steps of low pressure liquid chromatography of the dry organic extract to remove at least most of the impurities having a higher or lower polarity than those of the desired products. - high pressure liquid chromatography of the fractions rich in bistramides, so as to obtain fractions enriched in a given bistramide, and advantageously
- purification de ces fractions par chromatographie liquide haute pression pour isoler sélectivement un bistramide donné, les deux premiers fractionnements étant avantageu¬ sement réalisés sur des colonnes de silice en utilisant des solvants du type de l'acétate d'éthyle, dichlorométhane, avantageusement additionnés de méthanol, et l'étape de purification finale des fractions, en utilisant de l'eau avec des solvants du type du méthanol, du dichlorométhane ou de l'acétonitrile.- Purification of these fractions by high pressure liquid chromatography to selectively isolate a given bistramide, the first two fractionations being advantageously carried out on silica columns using solvents of the ethyl acetate, dichloromethane type, advantageously added with methanol, and the final purification step of the fractions, using water with solvents of the methanol, dichloromethane or acetonitrile type.
20. Procédé d'obtention du bistramide D selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend la réaction du bistramide A avec un agent réducteur afin d'hydroxyler la fonction cétone α, β-insaturée en position 4. 20. A process for obtaining bistramide D according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises the reaction of bistramide A with a reducing agent in order to hydroxylate the ketone function α, β-unsaturated in position 4.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9302662A FR2702478B1 (en) | 1993-03-08 | 1993-03-08 | New bistramide derivatives, their production and their therapeutic applications. |
FR9302662 | 1993-03-08 | ||
FR9307925 | 1993-06-29 | ||
FR9307925A FR2707644B1 (en) | 1993-06-29 | 1993-06-29 | Biologically active bistramides, their preparation and their biological applications. |
PCT/FR1994/000256 WO1994020503A1 (en) | 1993-03-08 | 1994-03-08 | Biologically active bistramides, process for their production and their applications in therapy |
Publications (1)
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EP0688323A1 true EP0688323A1 (en) | 1995-12-27 |
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EP94909165A Withdrawn EP0688323A1 (en) | 1993-03-08 | 1994-03-08 | Biologically active bistramides, process for their production and their applications in therapy |
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US (1) | US5798381A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0688323A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU679501B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2157760A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994020503A1 (en) |
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US7427689B2 (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2008-09-23 | Georgetown University | ErbB-2 selective small molecule kinase inhibitors |
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GB2063068B (en) * | 1979-11-13 | 1983-01-19 | Celamerck Gmbh & Co Kg | Methods compositions and apparatus for the monitoring and control of an insect pest |
WO1990005731A1 (en) * | 1988-11-24 | 1990-05-31 | University Of Queensland | Cytotoxic macromolecules |
JPH0633271B2 (en) * | 1990-06-14 | 1994-05-02 | 理化学研究所 | Reveromycin A, its production method, and antitumor agent and antifungal agent |
-
1994
- 1994-03-08 WO PCT/FR1994/000256 patent/WO1994020503A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-03-08 AU AU62108/94A patent/AU679501B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-03-08 CA CA002157760A patent/CA2157760A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-03-08 EP EP94909165A patent/EP0688323A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-03-08 US US08/513,923 patent/US5798381A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CA2157760A1 (en) | 1994-09-15 |
AU6210894A (en) | 1994-09-26 |
US5798381A (en) | 1998-08-25 |
AU679501B2 (en) | 1997-07-03 |
WO1994020503A1 (en) | 1994-09-15 |
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