EP0678569A2 - Des compositions lubrifiantes ayant une résistance à l'oxidation améliorée contenant un agent dispersant et un antioxydant - Google Patents

Des compositions lubrifiantes ayant une résistance à l'oxidation améliorée contenant un agent dispersant et un antioxydant Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0678569A2
EP0678569A2 EP95302545A EP95302545A EP0678569A2 EP 0678569 A2 EP0678569 A2 EP 0678569A2 EP 95302545 A EP95302545 A EP 95302545A EP 95302545 A EP95302545 A EP 95302545A EP 0678569 A2 EP0678569 A2 EP 0678569A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acid
amine
phosphorus
sulfur
carbon atoms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95302545A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0678569B1 (fr
EP0678569A3 (fr
Inventor
Eric R. Schnur
Robert C. Richardson
James J. Schwind
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lubrizol Corp
Original Assignee
Lubrizol Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=22861454&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0678569(A2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Lubrizol Corp filed Critical Lubrizol Corp
Publication of EP0678569A2 publication Critical patent/EP0678569A2/fr
Publication of EP0678569A3 publication Critical patent/EP0678569A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0678569B1 publication Critical patent/EP0678569B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M141/02 - C10M141/10
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/26—Compounds containing silicon or boron, e.g. silica, sand
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/68—Esters
    • C10M129/72—Esters of polycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/68—Esters
    • C10M129/76—Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/86—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
    • C10M129/95—Esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M133/08—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/12—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M133/44—Five-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C10M133/46—Imidazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
    • C10M133/54—Amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
    • C10M133/56—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/02—Sulfurised compounds
    • C10M135/04—Hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/02—Sulfurised compounds
    • C10M135/06—Esters, e.g. fats
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M135/14—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond
    • C10M135/18—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
    • C10M135/28—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C10M135/30—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having a phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M139/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
    • C10M143/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing butene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
    • C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
    • C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/123—Reaction products obtained by phosphorus or phosphorus-containing compounds, e.g. P x S x with organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/16—Reaction products obtained by Mannich reactions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
    • C10M159/22—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing phenol radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
    • C10M159/24—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing sulfonic radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M167/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound, a non-macromolecular compound and a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
    • C10M2201/102—Silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
    • C10M2201/105—Silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/026—Butene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/024—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having at least two phenol groups but no condensed ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/027—Neutral salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
    • C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/285—Esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/288—Partial esters containing free carboxyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2211/08—Halogenated waxes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
    • C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/066—Arylene diamines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/067—Polyaryl amine alkanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/068—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having amino groups bound to polycyclic aromatic ring systems, i.e. systems with three or more condensed rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/08—Amides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/08—Amides
    • C10M2215/082—Amides containing hydroxyl groups; Alkoxylated derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/086—Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/12—Partial amides of polycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/12—Partial amides of polycarboxylic acids
    • C10M2215/122—Phtalamic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C10M2215/224—Imidazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/26—Amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/028—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/043—Mannich bases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
    • C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
    • C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
    • C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • C10M2219/088—Neutral salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • C10M2219/089—Overbased salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/102—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon only in the ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/108—Phenothiazine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/049—Phosphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/061—Metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/065—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing sulfur
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/10—Phosphatides, e.g. lecithin, cephalin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
    • C10M2223/121—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy of alcohols or phenols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
    • C10M2227/062—Cyclic esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/063—Complexes of boron halides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/065—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts derived from Ti or Zr
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/066—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts derived from Mo or W
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02—Bearings

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a lubricating composition having improved oxidation inhibition properties.
  • Lubricating compositions serve to remove heat from operating equipment. These compositions also act to reduce metal-metal contact which lead to wearing. Today many pieces of equipment are reduced in size, which in turn has lead to higher operating temperatures for the equipment. These higher temperatures may lead to increased oxidation of the lubricating composition.
  • This invention relates to a lubricating composition
  • a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity with an iodine number less than about 9, (A) one or more antioxidant, and (B) from about 0.01% to about 3 % by weight of at least one dispersant or detergent, wherein the total amount of antioxidant is at least about 2% by weight.
  • the additives are useful act controlling oxidation of lubricants. Further, these lubricants have reduced viscosity increase caused by oxidation, while maintaining favorable carbon/varnish ratings.
  • hydrocarbyl includes hydrocarbon as well as substantially hydrocarbon groups.
  • substantially hydrocarbon describes groups which contain heteroatom substituents that do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon nature of the substituent. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include the following:
  • no more than about 2, preferably no more than one heteroatom substituent will be present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group.
  • the lubricating composition contains an oil of lubricating viscosity which has an iodine value of less than about 9. Iodine value is determined according to ASTMD-460. In one embodiment, the oil of lubricating viscosity has a iodine value less than about 8, or less than about 6, or less than about 4.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity includes natural or synthetic lubricating oils and mixtures thereof. Natural oils include animal oils, mineral lubricating oils, and solvent or acid treated mineral oils.
  • Synthetic lubricating oils include hydrocarbon oils (polyalpha-olefins), halo-substituted hydrocarbon oils, alkylene oxide polymers, esters of dicarboxylic acids and polyols, esters of phosphorus-containing acids, polymeric tetrahydrofurans and silicon-based oils.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity is a hydrotreated mineral oil or a synthetic lubricating oil, such a polyolefin.
  • oils of lubricating viscosity include XHVI basestocks, such as 100N isomerized wax basestock (0.01 % sulfur/ 141 VI), 120N isomerized wax basestock (0.01 % sulfur/ 149 VI), 170N isomerized wax basestock (0.01 % sulfur/ 142 VI), and 250N isomerized wax basestock (0.01% sulfur/ 146 VI); refined basestocks, such as 250N solvent refined paraffinic mineral oil (0.16% sulfur/89 VI), 200N solvent refined naphthenic mineral oil (0.2% sulfur/ 60 VI), 100N solvent refined/ hydrotreated paraffinic mineral oil (0.01% sulfur/98 VI), 240N solvent refined/ hydrotreated paraffinic mineral oil (0.01 % sulfur/ 98 VI), 80N solvent refined/ hydrotreated paraffinic mineral oil (0.08% sulfur/ 127 VI), and 150N solvent refined/ hydrotreated paraffinic mineral oil (0.17% sulfur/ 127 VI).
  • a description of oils of lubricating viscosity occurs in U.S. Patent 4,5
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity is a polyalpha-olefin (PAO).
  • PAO polyalpha-olefin
  • the polyalpha-olefins are derived from monomers having from about 4 to about 30, or from about 4 to about 20, or from about 6 to about 16 carbon atoms.
  • useful PAOs include those derived from decene. These PAOs may have a viscosity from about 3 to about 150, or from about 4 to about 100, or from about 4 to about 8 cSt at 100°C.
  • PAOs include 4 cSt polyolefins, 6 cSt polyolefins, 40 cSt polyolefins and 100 cSt polyalphaolefins.
  • Table 1 contains examples of oils of lubricating viscosity.
  • the iodine value for the oils and oil mixtures is determined by ASTM D-460.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity are selected to provide lubricating compositions with a kinematic viscosity of at least about 3.5 cSt, or at least about 4.0 cSt at 100°C.
  • the lubricating compositions have an SAE gear viscosity number of at least about SAE 70W, or at least about SAE 75W.
  • the lubricating composition may also have a so-called multigrade rating such as SAE 75W-80, 75W-90, 75W-90, 75W-140, 80W-90, or 80W-140.
  • Multigrade lubricants may include a viscosity improver which is formulated with the oil of lubricating viscosity to provide the above lubricant grades.
  • Useful viscosity improvers include but are not limited to polyolefins, such as ethylene-propylene copolymers, or polybutylene rubbers, including hydrogenated rubbers, such as styrene-butadiene or styrene-isoprene rubbers; or polyacrylates, including polymethacrylates.
  • the viscosity improver is a polyolefin or polymethacrylate.
  • Viscosity improvers available commercially include AcryloidTM viscosity improvers available from Rohm & Haas; ShellvisTM rubbers available from Shell Chemical; TrileneTM polymers, such as TrileneTM CP-40, available commercially from Uniroyal Chemical Co., and Lubrizol 3100 series and 8400 series polymers, such as Lubrizol 3174 available from The Lubrizol Corporation.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity includes at least one ester of a dicarboxylic acid.
  • the esters containing from about 4 to about 30, preferably from about 6 to about 24, or from about 7 to about 18 carbon atoms in each ester group.
  • dicarboxylic acids include glutaric, adipic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic and sebacic.
  • ester groups include hexyl, octyl, decyl, and dodecyl ester groups.
  • the ester groups include linear as well as branched ester groups such as iso arrangements of the ester group.
  • a particularly useful ester of a dicarboxylic acid is diisodecyl azelate.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity is selected to provide lubricating compositions for crankcase applications, such as for gasoline and diesel engines.
  • the lubricating compositions are selected to provide an SAE crankcase viscosity number of 10W, 20W, or 30W lubricants.
  • the lubricating composition may also have a so called multi-grade rating such as SAE 5W-30, 10W-30, 10W-40, 20W-50, etc.
  • multigrade lubricants include a viscosity improver which is formulated with the oil of lubricating viscosity to provide the above lubricant grades.
  • the lubricating compositions also include one or more antioxidants which are present in a total amount of at least about 2 % by weight. Generally, the antioxidants are present in an amount from about 2.2% up to about 10%, or from about 2.5% up to about 8%, or from about 3% up to about 7% by weight.
  • the antioxidants include amine antioxidants, dithiophosphoric esters, phenol antioxidants, dithiocarbamates, aromatic phosphites, and sulfurized fatty oils and olefins.
  • the antioxidant (A) is a sulfur free antioxidant, preferably an amine antioxidant, or a dithiocarbamate, preferably an alkylene coupled dithiocarbamate.
  • Amine antioxidants include alkylated aromatic amines and heterocyclic amines.
  • the alkylated aromatic amines include compounds represented by the formula Ar1-NR1-Ar2, wherein Ar1 and Ar2 are independently mononuclear or polynuclear, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic groups; and R1 is hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, SH, NO2 or a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to about 50 carbon atoms.
  • the aromatic group as represented by "Ar”, as well as elsewhere in other formulae in this specification and in the appended claims, may be mononuclear or polynuclear.
  • mononuclear Ar moieties include benzene moieties, such as 1,2,4-benzenetriyl; 1,2,3-benezenetriyl; 3-methyl-1,2,4-benzenetriyl; 2-methyl-5-ethyl-1,3,4-benzenetriyl; 3-propoxy-1,2,4,5-benzenetetrayl; 3-chloro-1,2,4-benzenetriyl; 1,2,3,5-benzenetetrayl; 3-cyclohexyl-1,2,4-benzenetriyl; and 3-azocyclopentyl-1,2,5-benzenetriyl, and pyridine moieties, such as 3,4,5-azabenzene; and 6-methyl-3,4,5-azabenzene.
  • benzene moieties such as 1,2,4-benzenetriyl; 1,2,3-benezenetriyl; 3-methyl-1,2,4-benzenetriyl; 2-methyl-5-ethyl-1,3,4-benzenetri
  • the polynuclear groups may be those where an aromatic nucleus is fused at two points to another aromatic nucleus, such as naphthyl and anthracenyl groups.
  • fused ring aromatic moieties Ar include: 1,4,8-naphthylene; 1,5,8-naphthylene; 3,6-dimethyl-4,5,8(1-azonaphthalene); 7-methyl-9-methoxy-1,2,5, 9-anthracenetetrayl; 3,10-phenathrylene; and 9-methoxy-benz(a)phenanthrene-5,6,8,12-yl.
  • the polynuclear group may be those where at least two nuclei (either mononuclear or polynuclear) are linked through bridging linkages.
  • bridging linkages may be chosen from the group consisting of alkylene linkages, ether linkages, keto linkages, sulfide linkages, and polysulfide linkages of 2 to about 6 sulfur atoms.
  • Ar is a benzene nucleus, lower alkylene bridged benzene nucleus, or a naphthalene nucleus.
  • the alkylated aromatic amine is represented by the formula R2-Ar-NH-Ar-R3, wherein R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl groups having from 1 to about 50, or from about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms.
  • aromatic amines examples include p,p'dioctyldiphenylamine; octylphenyl-beta-naphthylamine; octylphenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine; phenyl-beta-naphthylamine; poctylphenyl-alpha-naphthylamine and 4-octylphenyl-1-octyl-beta-naphthylamine and di(nonylphenyl)amine, with di(nonylphenyl)amine preferred.
  • U.S. Patents 2,558,285; 3,601,632; 3,368,975; and 3,505,225 disclose diarylamines useful as antioxidant (A). These patents are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the antioxidant (A) may be a phenothiazine.
  • Phenothiazines include phenothiazine, substituted phenothiazine, or derivatives, such as those represented by the formula wherein R4 is an alkylene, alkenylene or an aralkylene group, or mixtures thereof, R5 is selected from the group consisting of higher alkyl groups, or an alkenyl, aryl, alkaryl or aralkyl group and mixtures thereof; each R6 is independently alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkaryl, arylalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, arylthio, or fused aromatic rings, or mixtures thereof; a and b are each independently 0 or greater.
  • R4 contains from about 2 to about 8, or two or three carbon atoms.
  • R5 typically contains from about 3 to about 30, or from about 4 to about 15 carbon atoms.
  • R6 contains from 1 to about 50, or from about 4 to about 30, or from 6 to about 20 carbon atoms.
  • the phenothiazine derivatives may be represented by the formula wherein R4, R6, a and b are as defined with respect to Formula I.
  • a dialkyldiphenylamine is treated with sulfur at an elevated temperature such as in the range of 145°C to 205°C for a sufficient time to complete the reaction.
  • a catalyst such as iodine may be utilized to establish the sulfur bridge.
  • Phenothiazine and its various derivatives may be converted to the above compounds by contacting the phenothiazine compound containing the free NH group with a thioalcohol of the formula R5SR4OH where R4 and R5 are defined with respect to Formula I.
  • the thioalcohol may be obtained by the reaction of a mercaptan, such as hexanethiol, octanethiol and dodecanethiol, with an alkylene oxide, such as ethylene or propylene oxide under basic conditions.
  • the thioalcohol may be obtained by reacting a terminal olefin, such as those described herein, with mercaptoethanol under free radical conditions.
  • the derivatives prepared by the reaction with the thioalcohols described above are oxidized with an oxidizing agent, such as hydrogen peroxide, in a solvent such as glacial acetic acid or ethanol under an inert gas blanket.
  • an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide
  • the partial oxidation takes place conveniently at from about 20°C to about 150°C.
  • the antioxidant may be a phosphorus ester.
  • the ester includes reaction products of a phosphorus acid with an unsaturated compound.
  • the phosphorus acids include the phosphoric, phosphonic, phosphinic and thiophosphoric acids, including dithiophosphoric acid, as well as the monothiophosphoric acid, thiophosphinic and thiophosphonic acids.
  • the phosphorus acid is typically prepared by reacting one or more phosphorus acid or anhydride with an alcohol containing from one to about 30, or from two to about 24, or from about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms.
  • the phosphorus acid or anhydride is generally an inorganic phosphorus reagent, such as phosphorus pentoxide, phosphorus trioxide, phosphorus tetroxide, phosphorous acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorus halide, C1 ⁇ 7 phosphorus esters, or a phosphorus sulfide which includes phosphorus pentasulfide, phosphorus sesquisulfide, phosphorus heptasulfide and the like.
  • Alcohols used to prepare the phosphorus acid esters include butyl, amyl, 2-ethylhexyl, hexyl, octyl, oleyl, and cresol alcohols.
  • Alfol 810 a mixture of primarily straight chain, primary alcohols having from 8 to 10 carbon atoms
  • Alfol 1218 a mixture of synthetic, primary, straight-chain alcohols containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms
  • Alfol 20+ alcohols mixture of C18-C28 primary alcohols having mostly C20 alcohols as determined by GLC (gas-liquid-chromatography)
  • Alfol 22+ alcohols C18-C28 primary alcohols containing primarily C22 alcohols.
  • Alfol alcohols are available from Continental Oil Company.
  • Adol 60 (about 75 % by weight of a straight chain C22 primary alcohol, about 15% of a C20 primary alcohol and about 8% of C18 and C24 alcohols) and Adol 320 (oleyl alcohol).
  • Adol alcohols are marketed by Ashland Chemical.
  • a variety of mixtures of monohydric fatty alcohols derived from naturally occurring triglycerides and ranging in chain length of from C8 to C18 are available from Procter & Gamble Company. These mixtures contain various amounts of fatty alcohols containing mainly 12, 14, 16, or 18 carbon atoms.
  • CO-1214 is a fatty alcohol mixture containing 0.5% of C10 alcohol, 66.0% of C12 alcohol, 26.0% of C14 alcohol and 6.5% of C16 alcohol.
  • Neodol 23 is a mixture of C12 and C13 alcohols
  • Neodol 25 is a mixture of C12 and C15 alcohols
  • Neodol 45 is a mixture of C14 to C15 linear alcohols
  • Neodol 91 is a mixture of C9, C10 and C11 alcohols.
  • Fatty vicinal diols also are useful and these include those available from Ashland Oil under the general trade designation Adol 114 and Adol 158.
  • the former is derived from a straight chain alpha-olefin fraction of C11-C14, and the latter is derived from a C15-C18 alphaolefin fraction.
  • the phosphorus acid is a thiophosphorus acid or salt thereof.
  • the thiophosphorus acid or salt may be prepared by reacting one or more phosphorus sulfides, such as those described above with alcohols, such as those described above.
  • the thiophosphorus acid esters may be mono- or dithiophosphorus acid esters.
  • Thiophosphorus acid esters are also referred to generally as dithiophosphates.
  • the phosphorus acid is a monothiophosphoric acid.
  • Monothiophosphic acids may be prepared by the reaction of a sulfur source with a dihydrocarbyl phosphite.
  • the sulfur source may for instance be elemental sulfur, or a sulfide, such as a sulfur coupled olefin or a sulfur coupled dithiophosphate. Elemental sulfur is a preferred sulfur source.
  • the preparation of monothiophosphoric acids is disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,755,311 and PCT Publication WO 87/07638, which are incorporated herein by reference for their disclosure of monothiophosphoric acids, sulfur sources, and the process for making monothiophosphoric acids.
  • Monothiophosphoric acids may also be formed in the lubricant blend by adding a dihydrocarbyl phosphite to a lubricating composition containing a sulfur source, such as a sulfurized olefin,
  • a sulfur source such as a sulfurized olefin
  • the phosphite may react with the sulfur source under blending conditions (i.e., temperatures from about 30°C to about 100°C, or higher) to form the monothiophosphoric acid.
  • the phosphorus acid is a dithiophosphoric acid or phosphorodithioic acid.
  • the dithiophosphoric acid may be represented by the formula (R7O)2PSSH, wherein each R7 is independently a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 3 to about 30, or from about 3 up to about 18, or from about 4 up to about 12, or up to about 8 carbon atoms.
  • R7 examples include isopropyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, amyl, n-hexyl, methylisobutyl carbinyl, heptyl, 2-ethylhexyl, isooctyl, nonyl, behenyl, decyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, alkylphenyl groups, or mixtures thereof.
  • Illustrative lower alkylphenyl R7 groups include butylphenyl, amylphenyl, and heptylphenyl and mixtures thereof.
  • mixtures of R7 groups include: 1-butyl and 1-octyl; 1-pentyl and 2-ethyl-1-hexyl; isobutyl and n-hexyl; isobutyl and isoamyl; 2-propyl and 2-methyl-4-pentyl; isopropyl and sec-butyl; and isopropyl and isooctyl.
  • the phosphoric acids are reacted with an unsaturated compound to form the phosphorus esters.
  • the unsaturated compounds include unsaturated amides, esters, acids, epoxides, and ethers.
  • unsaturated amides include acrylamide, N,N'-methylene bis(acrylamide), methacrylamide, crotonamide, and the like.
  • the reaction product of the phosphorus acid and the unsaturated amide may be further reacted with a linking or a coupling compound, such as formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde.
  • Examples of phosphorus containing amides include the reaction product of di(methylamyl) dithiophosphoric acid and acrylamide and the reaction product of di(amyl) dithiophosphoric acid, acrylamide and paraformaldehyde.
  • the phosphorus containing amides are known in the art and are disclosed in U.S. Patents 4,670,169, 4,770,807, and 4,876,374 which are incorporated by reference for their disclosures of phosphorus amides and their preparation.
  • the unsaturated compound is an unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester.
  • unsaturated carboxylic acids and anhydrides include acrylic acid or esters, methacrylic acid or esters, itaconic acid or esters, fumaric acid or esters, and maleic acid, anhydride, or esters.
  • unsaturated carboxylic esters include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, ethyl maleate, butyl maleate and 2-ethylhexyl maleate.
  • the above list includes mono- as well as diesters of maleic, fumaric and citraconic acids.
  • the ester may then be formed by subsequent reaction of the phosphoric acid-unsaturated carboxylic acid adduct with an alcohol, such as those described above.
  • phosphorus containing esters are the reaction product of isobutyl, amyl dithiophosphoric acid and methyl acrylate and di(amyl)dithiophosphoric acid and butyl methacrylate.
  • the unsaturated compound is a vinyl ether.
  • Examples of vinyl ethers include methyl vinyl ether, propyl vinyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ether and the like.
  • the unsaturated compound is a vinyl ester.
  • vinyl esters include vinyl acetate, vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate, vinyl butanoate, etc.
  • the antioxidant (A) is at least one phenol antioxidant.
  • the phenol antioxidants include metal and metal free hindered phenols. Alkylene coupled derivatives of hindered phenols and phenol sulfides or sulfur coupled phenols may also be used. Hindered phenols are defined as those containing a sterically hindered hydroxyl group, and these include those derivatives of dihydroxy aryl compounds wherein the hydroxyl groups are in the o- or p-position to each other.
  • the metal-free hindered phenols may be represented by the following formulae: wherein each R15 is independently a hydrocarbyl group containing from 3 to about 9 carbon atoms, each R16 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, R17 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to about 9 carbon atoms, and each R18 is independently hydrogen or a methyl group.
  • R16 is an alkyl group containing from about 3 to about 50, or from about 6 to about 20, or from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms.
  • alkyl groups are derived from polymers of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene and isobutene, preferably propylene tetramer or trimer.
  • R15, R16 and R17 groups include propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, heptyl, octyl, and nonyl.
  • each R15 and R17 are tertiary groups, such as tert-butyl or tert-amyl groups.
  • the phenolic compounds may be prepared by various techniques, and in one embodiment, such phenols are prepared in stepwise manner by first preparing the para-substituted alkylphenol, and thereafter alkylating the para-substituted phenol in the 2- and/or 6-position as desired.
  • the second step alkylation is conducted under conditions which result in the alkylation of only one of the positions ortho to the hydroxyl group.
  • phenolic materials include: 2-t-butyl-4-heptylphenol; 2-t-butyl-4-octylphenol; 2-t-butyl-4-dodecylphenol 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-butylphenol; 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-heptylphenol; 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-dodecylphenol; 2,6-di-t-butyl-tetrapropenylphenol; 2-methyl-6-di-t-butyl-4-heptylphenol; 2,6-di-t-butyl-tripropenylphenol; 2,4-dimethyl-6-t-butylphenol; 2,6-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol; 4-t-butylcatechol; 2,4-di-t-butyl-p-cresol; 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol; and 2-methyl-6-di-t-butyl
  • ortho coupled phenols examples include: 2,2'-bis(6-t-butyl-4-heptylphenol); 2,2'-bis(6-t-butyl-4-octylphenol); 2,6-bis-(1'-methylcyclohexyl)-4-methylphenol; and 2,2'-bis(6-t-butyl-4-dodecylphenol).
  • Alkylene-coupled phenolic compounds may be prepared from the phenols by reaction of the phenolic compound with an aldehyde, typically those containing from one to about eight carbon atoms, such as formaldehyde or acetaldehyde, aldehyde precursors, such as paraformaldehyde or trioxane, or a ketone, such as acetone.
  • the alkylene-coupled phenols may be obtained by reacting from 0.3 to about 2 moles a phenol with 1 equivalent of an aldehyde or ketone. Procedures for coupling of phenolic compounds with aldehydes and ketones are known to those in the art.
  • phenolic compounds examples include 2,2'-methylenebis(6-t-butyl-4-heptylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(6-t-butyl-4-octylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-dodecyl-6-t-butylphenol) ; 2,2'-methylenebis(4-octyl-6-t-butylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-octylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-dodecylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-heptylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(6-t-butyl-4-dodecylphenol); 2,2'methylenebis(6-t-butyl-4-tetrapropenylphenol); and 2,2'methylenebis(6-t-butyl-4-butyl phenol).
  • the antioxidant (A) is a metal-free (or ashless) alkylphenol sulfide or sulfur coupled phenols.
  • the alkylphenols from which the sulfides are prepared also may comprise phenols of the type discussed above and represented by Formula III wherein R17 is hydrogen.
  • the alkylphenols which can be converted to alkylphenol sulfides include: 2-t-butyl-4-heptylphenol; 2-t-butyl-4-octylphenol; and 2-t- butyl-4-dodecylphenol; 2-t-buty-4-tetrapropenylphenol.
  • alkylphenol sulfides is meant to include di-(alkylphenol) monosulfides, disulfides, and polysulfides, as well as other products obtained by the reaction of the alkylphenol with sulfur monochloride, sulfur dichloride or elemental sulfur.
  • One mole of phenol typically is reacted with about 0.5-1.5 moles, or higher, of sulfur compound.
  • the alkylphenolsulfides are readily obtained by mixing, one mole of an alkylphenol and 0.5-2.0 moles of sulfur dichloride. The reaction mixture is usually maintained at about 100°C for about 2-5 hours, after which time the resulting sulfide is dried and filtered.
  • temperatures from about 150-250°C or higher are typically used. It is also desirable that the drying operation be conducted under nitrogen or a similar inert gas.
  • a particularly useful alkylphenol sulfide is thio-bis(tetrapropenylphenate).
  • Suitable basic alkylphenolsulfides are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patents 3,372,116; 3,410,798; and 4,021,419, which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • These sulfur-containing phenolic compositions described in U.S. Patent 4,021,419 are obtained by sulfurizing a substituted phenol with sulfur or a sulfur halide and thereafter reacting the sulfurized phenol with formaldehyde or an aldehyde precursor, e.g., paraformaldehyde or trioxane.
  • the substituted phenol may be first reacted with formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde and thereafter reacted with sulfur or a sulfur halide to produce the desired alkylphenol sulfide.
  • the antioxidant (A) is a dithiocarbamate antioxidant.
  • the dithiocarbamate antioxidants include reaction products of a dithiocarbamic acid or salt and one or more of the above described unsaturated compounds, such as unsaturated amides, carboxylic acids, anhydrides, or esters, or ethers; alkylene-coupled dithiocarbamates; and bis(S-alkyldithiocarbamoyl) disulfides.
  • the dithiocarbamate compounds are ashless, i.e. metal free.
  • the dithiocarbamic acid or salts may be prepared by simultaneously reacting an amine, carbon disulfide and one or more of the above unsaturated compounds.
  • reaction occurs at a temperature from about 25°C, or from about 50°C to about 125°C, or to about 100°C.
  • U. S. Patents 4,758,362 and 4,997,969 describe dithiocarbamate compounds and methods of making the same. These patents are hereby incorporated by reference for their disclosure of dithiocarbamate compounds and method of making the same.
  • the dithiocarbamic acid or salt may be prepared by reacting an amine with carbon disulfide.
  • the amine may be a primary or a secondary amine.
  • the amine may be a mono-or polyamine, such as those described herein.
  • the amines may be primary or secondary amines, with secondary amines preferred.
  • the amines generally may contain hydrocarbyl groups independently having from 1 up to about 40, or from about 2 up to about 30, or from 3 up to about 24, or even up to about 12 carbon atoms.
  • the amines are primary amines. Examples of primary amines useful in the present invention include ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, octylamine, and dodecylamine.
  • the primary amine is a fatty amine, such as those containing from about 8 to about 30, or from about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms.
  • the fatty amines include n-octylamine, n-decylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-tetradecylamine, n-hexadecylamine, n-octadecylamine, oleyamine, etc.
  • fatty amines include commercially available fatty amines such as "Armeen” amines (products available from Akzo Chemicals, Chicago, Illinois), such as Akzo's Armeen C, Armeen O, Armeen OL, Armeen T, Armeen HT, Armeen S and Armeen SD, wherein the letter designation relates to the fatty group, such as cocoa, oleyl, tallow, or stearyl groups.
  • primary amines include primary ether amines, such as those represented by the formula, R18(OR19) x NH2, wherein R18 is a divalent alkylene group having about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; x is a number from one to about 150, or from about one to about five, or one; and R19 is a hydrocarbyl group from about 5 to about 150, or from 1 to about 24 carbon atoms.
  • R18 is a divalent alkylene group having about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms
  • x is a number from one to about 150, or from about one to about five, or one
  • R19 is a hydrocarbyl group from about 5 to about 150, or from 1 to about 24 carbon atoms.
  • An example of an ether amine is available under the name SURFAM® amines produced and marketed by Mars Chemical Company, Atlanta, Georgia.
  • Etheramines include those identified as SURFAM P14B (decyloxypropylamine), SURFAM P16A (linear C16), and SURFAM P17B (tridecyloxypropylamine).
  • the carbon chain lengths (i.e., C14, etc.) of the SURFAMS described above and used hereinafter are approximate and include the oxygen ether linkage.
  • the primary amine is a tertiary-aliphatic primary amine.
  • the aliphatic group and in one embodiment an alkyl group, contains from about 4 to about 30, or from about 6 to about 24, or from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms.
  • the tertiary alkyl primary amines are monoamines represented by the formula R20-C(R21')2-NH2, wherein R20 is a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to about 28 carbon atoms and R21' is a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms.
  • Such amines are illustrated by tert-butylamine, tert-hexylamine, 1-methyl-1-aminocyclohexane, tert-octylamine, tert-decylamine, tert-dodecylamine, tert-tetradecylamine, tert-hexadecylamine, tert-octadecylamine, tert-tetracosanylamine, and tert-octacosanylamine.
  • amines are also useful for the purposes of this invention.
  • Illustrative of amine mixtures of this type are "Primene 81R” which is a mixture of C11-C14 tertiary alkyl primary amines and "Primene JMT” which is a similar mixture of C18-C22 tertiary alkyl primary amines (both are available from Rohm and Haas Company).
  • the tertiary alkyl primary amines and methods for their preparation are known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the tertiary alkyl primary amine useful for the purposes of this invention and methods for their preparation are described in U.S. Patent 2,945,749, which is hereby incorporated by reference for its teaching in this regard.
  • the amine is a secondary amine.
  • secondary amines include dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, diamylamine, dihexylamine, diheptylamine, methylethylamine, ethylbutylamine, ethylamylamine and the like.
  • the secondary amines may be cyclic amines such as piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, etc.
  • the dithiocarbamate compound (A) is prepared by reacting one or more dithiocarbamic acids or salts with one or more of the above unsaturated amides. If the reaction products of the dithiocarbamic acid or salt and an unsaturated amide has at least one additional NH group which are capable of reacting, then the reaction product may be further reacted with a linking or a coupling compound, such as formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde.
  • a linking or a coupling compound such as formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde.
  • the dithiocarbamate compound (A) is a reaction product of a dithiocarbamic acid or salt with one or more of the above described unsaturated acids, anhydrides or esters. If an unsaturated carboxylic acid or anhydride is used, an ester may then be formed by subsequent reaction of the dithiocarbamate-unsaturated carboxylic acid or anhydride adduct with an alcohol, such as those alcohols discussed above.
  • the dithiocarbamate acid or salt is formed from diethylamine or dibutylamine and carbon disulfide. The resulting dithiocarbamic acid is then reacted with methyl acrylate.
  • the dithiocarbamate compound (A) is an alkylene-coupled dithiocarbamate.
  • the dithiocarbamate may be represented by the Formula: R22(R23)N-C(S)-S-R24-S-C(S)-N(R23)R22; wherein each R22 is independently a hydrogen; a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, or from 1 to about 10, or from 1 to about 6; or R22 taken together with R23 and a nitrogen atom form a five, six or seven member heterocyclic group; each R23 is independently a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, or R23 taken together with R22 and a nitrogen atom form a five, six or seven member heterocyclic group; and R24 is a hydrocarbylene group having from 1 to about 10, or from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms.
  • each R22 is independently a hydrogen or a propyl, butyl, amyl or hexyl group, or a butyl group.
  • the above list encompasses all stereo arrangements of these groups, including isopropyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, and n-butyl.
  • R23 is a hydrocarbyl group, it is defined the same as when R22 is a hydrocarbyl group.
  • the heterocyclic group is a pyrrolidinyl, a piperidinyl, a morpholinyl or a piperazinyl group.
  • the heterocyclic group may contain one or more, or from one to three alkyl substituents on the heterocyclic ring.
  • the alkyl substituents generally contain from about one to about six carbon atoms.
  • heterocyclic groups include 2-methylmorpholinyl, 3-methyl-5-ethylpiperidinyl,3-hexylmorpholinyl,tetramethylpyrrolidinyl,piperazinyl, 2,5-dipropylpiperazinyl, piperidinyl, 2-butylpiperazinyl, 3,4,5-triethylpiperidinyl, 3-hexylpyrrolidinyl, and 3-ethyl-5-isopropylmorpholinyl groups.
  • the heterocyclic group is a pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl group.
  • R24 groups include an alkylene, arylene, alkarylene, and arylalkylene.
  • R22 is a methylene or ethylene group.
  • R24 is an arylene group, alkarylene group, or arylalkylene group having from 6 to about 10, or from 6 to about 8 carbon atoms.
  • R24 is a phenylmethylene, phenylethylene, phenyldiethylene, phenylene, or tolylene group.
  • U.S. Patent 3,876,550 issued to Holubec, describes lubricant compositions containing alkylene dithiocarbamic compounds.
  • U.S. Patents 1,726,647 and 1,736,429 issued to Caldwell, describe phenylmethylenebis(dithiocarbamates) and methods for making the same. These patents are incorporated by reference for their teachings relating to dithiocarbamate compounds and methods for preparing the same.
  • a particularly useful dithiocarbamate is methylenebis(di-n-butyldithiocarbamate).
  • the dithiocarbamate compound is a bis(S-alkyldithiocarbamoyl) disulfide. These materials have previously been referred to as sulfur-coupled dithiocarbamates.
  • the disulfides are prepared by (A) reacting a sulfur halide with about a stoichiometric equivalent of (i) at least one olefinic hydrocarbon, or (ii) an aldehyde or ketone, at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to produce a di(halohydrocarbyl)sulfur intermediate or a dialdehyde or diketo sulfur intermediate, and (B) reacting the intermediate with a salt of a dithiocarbamate in an amount sufficient generally to replace both halo groups with the dithiocarbamate groups or to react with both carbonyl groups of the dialdehyde or diketone.
  • the sulfur halide utilized in the first step (A) may be sulfur monochloride (i.e., S2Cl2), sulfur dichloride, sulfur monobromide, sulfur dibromide, or mixtures of any of the above sulfur halides with elemental sulfur in varying amounts.
  • the sulfur halide utilized in the first step (A) may be sulfur monochloride (i.e., S2Cl2), sulfur dichloride, sulfur monobromide, sulfur dibromide, or mixtures of any of the above sulfur halides with elemental sulfur in varying amounts.
  • sulfur monochloride i.e., S2Cl2
  • sulfur dichloride sulfur monobromide
  • sulfur dibromide sulfur dibromide
  • Various olefins and olefin mixtures may be used as the starting material in step (A). The olefins are disclosed below.
  • aldehydes that may be reacted with sulfur halides include, for example, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, 2-ethyl-hexanal, and cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde.
  • ketones include dimethyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, etc.
  • the bis(S-alkyldithiocarbamoyl) disulfides also may be prepared by a process which comprises the steps of (A) reacting an olefinic hydrocarbon with a halogen to produce a halogen-containing intermediate, and (B) reacting said intermediate with an alkali metal sulfide and a salt of a dithiocarbamate in an amount sufficient to replace the halogen groups present partially with dithiocarbamate groups and/or partially with sulfide groups.
  • the bis(S-alkyldithiocarbamoyl) disulfides are described in U.S. Patent 2,599,350, issued to Rudel et al. This patent is incorporated by reference for its disclosure of bis(S-alkyldithiocarbamoyl) disulfide and methods of making the same.
  • the lubricating compositions contain from about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of at least one dispersant or detergent.
  • the dispersant or detergent is present in an amount from about 0.1% to about 3 %, preferably from about 0.2% to about 2%, more preferably from about 0.3% to about 1.5% by weight of the lubricating composition.
  • the dispersants include acylated amines, carboxylic esters, Mannich reaction products, hydrocarbyl substituted amines, and mixtures thereof.
  • the dispersant or detergent is a boron containing dispersant or detergent.
  • the acylated amines include reaction products of one or more carboxylic acylating agent and one or more amine.
  • the carboxylic acylating agents include fatty acids, isoaliphatic acids, dimer acids, addition dicarboxylic acids, trimer acids, addition tricarboxylic acids, and hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acylating agents.
  • the carboxylic acylating agent is a fatty acid.
  • the fatty acids generally contain from about 8 to about 30, or from about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms. Examples of fatty acids include palmitoleic acid, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, erucic acid, lard oil acid, soybean oil acid, tall oil and rosin acid.
  • the carboxylic acylating agents include isoaliphatic acids.
  • Such acids contain a principal saturated, aliphatic chain typically having from about 14 to about 20 carbon atoms and at least one, but usually no more than about four, pendant acyclic lower alkyl groups.
  • Specific examples of such isoaliphatic acids include 10-methyl-tetradecanoic acid, 3-ethyl-hexadecanoic acid, and 8-methyl-octadecanoic acid.
  • the isoaliphatic acids include branched-chain acids prepared by oligomerization of commercial fatty acids, such as oleic, linoleic and tall oil fatty acids.
  • the dimer acids include products resulting from the dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids and generally contain an average from about 18 to about 44, or from about 28 to about 40 carbon atoms. Dimer acids are described in U.S. Patents 2,482,760, 2,482,761, 2,731,481, 2,793,219, 2,964,545, 2,978,468, 3,157,681, and 3,256,304, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the carboxylic acylating agents are addition carboxylic acylating agents, which are addition (4+2 and 2+2) products of an unsaturated fatty acid, such as tall oil acids and oleic acids, with one or more unsaturated carboxylic reagents, which are described below.
  • an unsaturated fatty acid such as tall oil acids and oleic acids
  • unsaturated carboxylic reagents which are described below.
  • the carboxylic acylating agent is a hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acylating agent.
  • the hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acylating agents are prepared by a reaction of one or more olefins or polyalkenes with one or more unsaturated carboxylic reagent.
  • the unsaturated carboxylic reagents include unsaturated carboxylic acids per se and functional derivatives thereof, such as anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, salts, acyl halides, and nitriles.
  • the unsaturated carboxylic reagent include mono, di , tri or tetracarboxylic reagents.
  • useful monobasic unsaturated carboxylic acids are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, cinnamic acid, crotonic acid, 2-phenylpropenoic acid, etc.
  • exemplary polybasic acids include maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, mesaconic acid, itaconic acid and citraconic acid.
  • the unsaturated carboxylic reagent is maleic anhydride, acid or lower ester, e.g. those containing less than eight carbon atoms.
  • the hydrocarbyl group generally contains from about 8 to about 300, or from about 12 up to about 200, or from about 16 up to about 150, or from about 30 to about 100 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the hydrocarbyl group contains from about 8 up to about 40, or from about 10 up to about 30, or from about 12 up to about 24 carbon atoms.
  • the hydrocarbyl group may be derived from an olefin.
  • the olefins typically contain from about 3 to about 40, or from about 4 to about 24 carbon atoms. These olefins are preferably alpha-olefins (sometimes referred to as mono-1-olefins or terminal olefins) or isomerized alpha-olefins.
  • alpha-olefins examples include 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tridecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-pentadecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-heptadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-nonadecene, 1-eicosene, 1-heneicosene, 1-docosene, 1-tetracosene, etc.
  • alpha-olefin fractions that can be used include the C15 ⁇ 18 alpha-olefins, C12 ⁇ 16 alpha-olefins, C14 ⁇ 16 alpha-olefins, C14 ⁇ 18 alpha-olefins, C16 ⁇ 18 alpha-olefins, C16 ⁇ 20 alpha-olefins, C18 ⁇ 24 alpha-olefins, C22 ⁇ 28 alpha-olefins, etc.
  • the hydrocarbyl group is derived from a polyalkene.
  • the polyalkene includes homopolymers and interpolymers of polymerizable olefin monomers having from 2 up to about 16, or from 2 up to about 6, or from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms.
  • the olefins may be monoolefins, such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutene, and 1-octene, or polyolefinic monomers, including diolefinic monomers, such 1,3-butadiene and isoprene.
  • the interpolymer is a homopolymer.
  • the homopolymer is a polybutene, such as a polybutene in which about 50% of the polymer is derived from butylene.
  • the polyalkenes are prepared by conventional procedures.
  • the polyalkene is characterized as containing from about 8 up to about 300, or from about 30 up to about 200, or from about 35 up to about 100 carbon atoms.
  • the polyalkene is characterized by an M ⁇ n (number average molecular weight) of at least about 400 or at least about 500.
  • the polyalkene is characterized by having an M ⁇ n from about 500 up to about 5000, or from about 700 up to about 3000, or from about 800 up to 2500, or from about 900 up to about 2000.
  • M ⁇ n varies from about 500 up to about 1500, or from about 700 up to about 1300, or from about 800 up to about 1200.
  • M ⁇ n is the conventional symbol representing number average molecular weight.
  • Gel permeation chromatography is a method which provides both weight average and number average molecular weights as well as the entire molecular weight distribution of the polymers.
  • GPC Gel permeation chromatography
  • a series of fractionated polymers of isobutene, polyisobutene is used as the calibration standard in the GPC.
  • the techniques for determining M ⁇ n and M ⁇ w values of polymers are well known and are described in numerous books and articles. For example, methods for the determination of M ⁇ n and molecular weight distribution of polymers is described in W.W. Yan, J.J. Kirkland and D.D. Bly, "Modern Size Exclusion Liquid Chromatographs", J. Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1979.
  • the polyalkenes have a M ⁇ n from about 1300 up to about 5000, or from about 1500 up to about 4500, or from about 1700 up to about 3000.
  • the polyalkenes also generally have a M ⁇ w/ M ⁇ n from about 1.5 to about 4, or from about 1.8 to about 3.6, or from about 2.5 to about 3.2.
  • the hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acylating agents are described in U.S. Patent 3,219,666 and 4,234,435, the disclosures of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the acylating agents may be prepared by reacting one or more of the above described polyalkenes with an excess of maleic anhydride to provide substituted succinic acylating agents wherein the number of succinic groups for each equivalent weight of substituent group, i.e., polyalkenyl group, is at least 1.3. The maximum number will generally not exceed 4.5. A suitable range is from about 1.3 to 3.5 and or from about 1.4 to about 2.5 succinic groups per equivalent weight of substituent groups.
  • the carboxylic acylating agents are known in the art and have been described in detail, for example, in the following U.S. Patents 3,215,707 (Rense); 3,219,666 (Norman et al); 3,231,587 (Rense); 3,912,764 (Palmer); 4,110,349 (Cohen); and 4,234,435 (Meinhardt et al); and U.K. 1,440,219.
  • the disclosures of these patents are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • These patents are incorporated herein by reference for their disclosure of carboxylic acylating agents and methods for making the same.
  • the above-described carboxylic acylating agents are reacted with amines to form the acylated amines.
  • the amines may be monoamines or polyamines.
  • Useful amines include those amines disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,234,435 at Col. 21, line 4 to Col. 27, line 50, these passages being incorporated herein by reference.
  • the amines may be any of the above described amines.
  • the amine may be a hydroxyamine.
  • the hydroxyamines are primary, secondary or tertiary alkanol amines or mixtures thereof.
  • Such amines can be represented by the formulae: H2-NR'-OH, HR'1-N-R'-OH, and (R'1)2-N-R'-OH, wherein each R'1 is independently a hydrocarbyl group having from one to about eight carbon atoms or hydroxyhydrocarbyl group having from one to about eight carbon atoms, or from one to about four, and R' is a divalent hydrocarbyl group of about two to about 18 carbon atoms, or from two to about four.
  • R' can be an acyclic, alicyclic or aromatic group.
  • R' is an acyclic straight or branched alkylene group such as an ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,2-butylene, 1,2-octadecylene, etc. group.
  • two R'1 groups are present in the same molecule they can be joined by a direct carbon-to-carbon bond or through a heteroatom (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur) to form a 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered ring structure.
  • heterocyclic amines examples include N-(hydroxyl lower alkyl)-morpholines, -thiomorpholines, -piperidines, -oxazolidines, -thiazolidines and the like.
  • each R'1 is independently a methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl group.
  • alkanolamines include mono-, di-, and triethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, ethylethanolamine, butyldiethanolamine, etc.
  • the hydroxyamines may also be an ether N-(hydroxyhydrocarbyl)amine.
  • N-(hydroxyhydrocarbyl) amines can be conveniently prepared by reaction of epoxides with aforedescribed amines and may be represented by the formulae: H2N-(R'O) x -H, HR'1-N-(R'O) x -H, and (R'1)2-N-(R'O) x -H, wherein x is a number from about 2 to about 15 and R1 and R' are as described above.
  • R'1 may also be a hydroxypoly(hydrocarbyloxy) group.
  • the amine is a hydroxyamine which may be represented by the formula wherein R7 is a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; R8 is an alkylene group having from about two to about twelve carbon atoms, preferably an ethylene or propylene group; R9 is an alkylene group containing up to about 5 carbon atoms; y is zero or one; and each z is independently a number from zero to about 10, with the proviso that at least one z is zero.
  • Useful hydroxyhydrocarbyl amines where y in the above formula is zero include 2-hydroxyethylhexylamine; 2-hydroxyethyloctylamine; 2-hydroxyethylpentadecylamine;2-hydroxyethyloleylamine;2-hydroxyethylsoyamine; bis(2-hydroxyethyl)hexylamine; bis(2-hydroxyethyl)oleylamine; and mixtures thereof. Also included are the comparable members wherein in the above formula at least one z is at least 2, as for example, 2-hydroxyethoxyethyl, hexylamine.
  • the amine may be a hydroxyhydrocarbyl amine, where referring to the above formula, y equals zero.
  • hydroxyhydrocarbyl amines are available from the Akzo Chemical Division of Akzona, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, under the general trade designations "Ethomeen” and "Propomeen”.
  • Ethomeen C/15 which is an ethylene oxide condensate of a coconut fatty acid containing about 5 moles of ethylene oxide
  • Ethomeen C/20 and C/25 which are ethylene oxide condensation products from coconut fatty acid containing about 10 and 15 moles of ethylene oxide, respectively
  • Ethomeen O/12 which is an ethylene oxide condensation product of oleyl amine containing about 2 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of amine
  • Ethomeen S/15 and S/20 which are ethylene oxide condensation products with stearyl amine containing about 5 and 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of amine, respectively
  • Ethomeen T/12, T/15 and T/25 which are ethylene oxide condensation products of tallow amine containing about 2, 5 and 15 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of amine, respectively
  • Propomeen O/12 which is the condensation product of one mole of oleyl amine with 2 moles propylene oxide.
  • the acylated amine may also be derived from a polyamine.
  • the polyamines include alkoxylated diamines, fatty polyamine diamines, alkylenepolyamines, hydroxy containing polyamines, condensed polyamines, arylpolyamines, and heterocyclic polyamines.
  • alkoxylated diamines include those amines where y in the above formula is one. Examples of these amines include Ethoduomeen T/13 and T/20 which are ethylene oxide condensation products of N-tallowtrimethylenediamine containing 3 and 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of diamine, respectively.
  • the polyamine is a fatty diamine.
  • the fatty diamines include mono- or dialkyl, symmetrical or asymmetrical ethylenediamines, propanediamines (1,2, or 1,3), and polyamine analogs of the above.
  • Suitable commercial fatty polyamines are Duomeen C (N-coco-1,3-diaminopropane), Duomeen S (N-soya-1,3-diaminopropane), Duomeen T (N-tallow-1,3-diaminopropane), and Duomeen O (N-oleyl-1,3-diaminopropane).
  • Duomeens are commercially available from Armak Chemical Co., Chicago, Illinois.
  • the amine is an alkylenepolyamine.
  • Alkylenepolyamines are represented by the formula HR28N-(Alkylene-N) n ,-(R28)2, wherein each R28 is independently hydrogen; or an aliphatic or hydroxy-substituted aliphatic group of up to about 30 carbon atoms; n is a number from 1 to about 10, or from about 2 to about 7, or from about 2 to about 5; and the "Alkylene" group has from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, or from about 2 to about 6, or from about 2 to about 4.
  • R28 is defined the same as R'1 above.
  • alkylenepolyamines include methylenepolyamines, ethylenepolyamines, butylenepolyamines, propylenepolyamines, pentylenepolyamines, etc.
  • the higher homologs and related heterocyclic amines, such as piperazines and N-amino alkyl-substituted piperazines, are also included.
  • Specific examples of such polyamines are ethylenediamine, triethylenetetramine, tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine, propylenediamine, trimethylenediamine, tripropylenetetramine, triethylenetetraamine, tetraethylenepentamine, hexaethyleneheptamine, pentaethylenehexamine, etc.
  • Higher homologs obtained by condensing two or more of the above-noted alkyleneamines are similarly useful as are mixtures of two or more of the aforedescribed polyamines.
  • the polyamine is an ethylenepolyamine.
  • ethylenepolyamine Such polyamines are described in detail under the heading Ethylene Amines in Kirk Othmer's "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", 2d Edition, Vol. 7, pages 22-37, Interscience Publishers, New York (1965).
  • Ethylenepolyamines are often a complex mixture of polyalkylenepolyamines including cyclic condensation products.
  • Other useful types of polyamine mixtures are those resulting from stripping of the above-described polyamine mixtures to leave, as residue, what is often termed "polyamine bottoms".
  • alkylenepolyamine bottoms can be characterized as having less than 2%, usually less than 1% (by weight) material boiling below about 200°C.
  • a typical sample of such ethylenepolyamine bottoms obtained from the Dow Chemical Company of Freeport, Texas designated "E-100" has a specific gravity at 15.6°C of 1.0168, a percent nitrogen by weight of 33.15 and a viscosity at 40°C of 121 centistokes. Gas chromatography analysis of such a sample contains about 0.93% "Light Ends" (most probably diethylenetriamine), 0.72% tirethylenetetraamine, 21.74% tetraethylenepentaamine and 76.61% pentaethylenehexamine and higher analogs.
  • These alkylenepolyamine bottoms include cyclic condensation products such as piperazine and higher analogs of diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine and the like. These alkylenepolyamine bottoms may be reacted solely with the acylating agent or they may be used with other amines, polyamines, or mixtures thereof.
  • Another useful polyamine is a condensation reaction between at least one hydroxy compound with at least one polyamine reactant containing at least one primary or secondary amino group.
  • the hydroxy compounds are preferably polyhydric alcohols and amines.
  • the polyhydric alcohols are described below.
  • the hydroxy compounds are polyhydric amines.
  • Polyhydric amines include any of the above-described monoamines reacted with an alkylene oxide (e.g., ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, etc.) having from two to about 20 carbon atoms, or from two to about four.
  • polyhydric amines examples include tri-(hydroxypropyl)amine, tris-(hydroxymethyl)amino methane, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis (2-hydroxypropyl) ethylenediamine, and N,N,N',N'-tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, preferably tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (THAM).
  • THAM tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane
  • Polyamines which may react with the polyhydric alcohol or amine to form the condensation products or condensed amines, are described above.
  • Preferred polyamines include triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA), and mixtures of polyamines such as the above-described "amine bottoms".
  • TETA triethylenetetramine
  • TEPA tetraethylenepentamine
  • PEHA pentaethylenehexamine
  • the condensation reaction of the polyamine reactant with the hydroxy compound is conducted at an elevated temperature, usually from about 60°C to about 265°C, or from about 220°C to about 250°C in the presence of an acid catalyst.
  • amine condensates and methods of making the same are described in PCT publication WO86/05501 and U.S. Patent 5,230,714 (Steckel) which are incorporated by reference for its disclosure to the condensates and methods of making.
  • a particularly useful amine condensate is prepared from HPA Taft Amines (amine bottoms available commercially from Union Carbide Co. with typically 34.1 % by weight nitrogen and a nitrogen distribution of 12.3% by weight primary amine, 14.4% by weight secondary amine and 7.4% by weight tertiary amine), and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM).
  • the polyamines are polyoxyalkylene polyamines, e.g. polyoxyalkylene diamines and polyoxyalkylene triamines, having average molecular weights ranging from about 200 to about 4000, or from about 400 to about 2000.
  • the preferred polyoxyalkylene polyamines include the polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene diamines and the polyoxypropylene triamines.
  • the polyoxyalkylene polyamines are commercially available and may be obtained, for example, from the Jefferson Chemical Company, Inc. under the trade name "Jeffamines D-230, D-400, D-1000, D-2000, T-403, etc.”.
  • U.S. Patents 3,804,763 and 3,948,800 are expressly incorporated herein by reference for their disclosure of such polyoxyalkylene polyamines and acylated products made therefrom.
  • the polyamines are hydroxy-containing polyamines.
  • Hydroxy-containing polyamine analogs of hydroxy monoamines particularly alkoxylated alkylenepolyamines, e.g., N,N(diethanol)ethylene diamines can also be used.
  • Such polyamines can be made by reacting the above-described alkylene amines with one or more of the above-described alkylene oxides.
  • Similar alkylene oxide-alkanol amine reaction products may also be used such as the products made by reacting the above described primary, secondary or tertiary alkanol amines with ethylene, propylene or higher epoxides in a 1.1 to 1.2 molar ratio.
  • hydroxy-containing polyamines include N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediamine, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-piperazine, mono(hydroxypropyl)-substituted tetraethylenepentamine, N-(3-hydroxybutyl)-tetramethylene diamine, etc.
  • Higher homologs obtained by condensation of the above illustrated hydroxy-containing polyamines through amino groups or through hydroxy groups are likewise useful.
  • the polyamine is a heterocyclic polyamine.
  • the heterocyclic polyamines include aziridines, azetidines, azolidines, tetra- and dihydropyridines, pyrroles, indoles, piperidines, imidazoles, di- and tetrahydroimidazoles, piperazines, isoindoles, purines, morpholines, thiomorpholines, N-aminoalkylmor-pholines, N-aminoalkylthiomorpholines, N-aminoalkylpiperazines, N,N'-diaminoalkylpiperazines, azepines, azocines, azonines, anovanes and tetra-, di- and perhydro derivatives of each of the above and mixtures of two or more of these heterocyclic amines.
  • Preferred heterocyclic amines are the saturated 5- and 6-membered heterocyclic amines containing only nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulfur in the hetero ring, especially the piperidines, piperazines, thiomorpholines, morpholines, pyrrolidines, and the like.
  • Piperidine, aminoalkyl substituted piperidines, piperazine, aminoalkyl substituted piperazines, morpholine, aminoalkyl substituted morpholines, pyrrolidine, and aminoalkyl-substituted pyrrolidines are especially preferred.
  • the aminoalkyl substituents are substituted on a nitrogen atom forming part of the hetero ring.
  • heterocyclic amines include N-aminopropylmorpholine, N-aminoethylpiperazine, and N,N'-diaminoethylpiperazine.
  • Hydroxy heterocyclic polyamines are also useful. Examples include N-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexylamine, 3-hydroxycyclopentylamine, parahydroxyaniline, N-hydroxyethylpiperazine, and the like.
  • Hydrazine and hydrocarbyl substituted-hydrazine may also be used to form the acylated nitrogen dispersants.
  • At least one of the nitrogen atoms in the hydrazine must contain a hydrogen directly bonded thereto.
  • substituted hydrazines are methylhydrazine,N,N-dimethyl-hydrazine,N,N'-dimethylhydrazine,phenylhydrazine, N-phenyl-N'-ethylhydrazine, N-(para-tolyl)-N'-(n-butyl)-hydrazine, N-(paranitrophenyl)-hydrazine, N-(para-nitrophenyl)-N-methyl-hydrazine, N,N'-di(parachlorophenol)-hydrazine, N-phenyl-N'-cyclohexylhydrazine, and the like.
  • the dispersant may also be a carboxylic ester.
  • the carboxylic ester is prepared by reacting at least one or more of the above carboxylic acylating agents, preferrably a hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acylating agent, with at least one organic hydroxy compound and optionally an amine.
  • the carboxylic ester dispersant is prepared by reacting the acylating agent with at least one of the above-described hydroxyamines.
  • the organic hydroxy compound includes compounds of the general formula R''(OH) m wherein R'' is a monovalent or polyvalent organic group joined to the -OH groups through a carbon bond, and m is an integer from 1 to about 10 wherein the hydrocarbyl group contains at least about 8 aliphatic carbon atoms.
  • the hydroxy compounds may be aliphatic compounds, such as monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, or aromatic compounds, such as phenols and naphthols.
  • aromatic hydroxy compounds from which the esters may be derived are illustrated by the following specific examples: phenol, beta-naphthol, alpha-naphthol, cresol, resorcinol, catechol, p,p'-dihydroxybiphenyl, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dibutylphenol, etc.
  • the alcohols from which the esters may be derived generally contain up to about 40 carbon atoms, or from 2 to about 30, or from 2 to about 10. They may be monohydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, isooctanol, dodecanol, cyclohexanol, etc.
  • the hydroxy compounds may also be polyhydric alcohols, such as alkylene polyols. In one embodiment, the polyhydric alcohols contain from 2 to about 40 carbon atoms, from 2 to about 20; and from 2 to about 10 hydroxyl groups, or from 2 to about 6.
  • Polyhydric alcohols include ethylene glycols, including di-, tri- and tetraethylene glycols; propylene glycols, including di-, tri- and tetrapropylene glycols; glycerol; butanediol, hexanediol; sorbitol; arabitol; mannitol; trimethylolpropane; sucrose; fructose; glucose; cyclohexanediol; erythritol; and pentaerythritols, including di- and tripentaerythritol.
  • the polyhydric alcohols may be esterified with monocarboxylic acids having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, or from about 8 to about 18, provided that at least one hydroxyl group remains unesterified.
  • monocarboxylic acids include acetic, propionic, butyric and above described fatty acids.
  • Specific examples of these esterified polyhydric alcohols include sorbitol oleate, including mono- and dioleate, sorbitol stearate, including mono- and distearate, glycerol oleate, including glycerol mono-, di- and trioleate and erythritol octanoate.
  • the carboxylic ester dispersants may be prepared by any of several known methods.
  • the esterification is usually carried out at temperatures above about 100°C, or between 150°C and 300°C.
  • the water formed as a by-product is removed by distillation as the esterification proceeds.
  • the preparation of useful carboxylic ester dispersant is described in U.S. Patents 3,522,179 and 4,234,435, and their disclosures are incorporated by reference.
  • the carboxylic ester dispersants may be further reacted with at least one of the above described amines and preferably at least one of the above described polyamines, such as a polyethylenepolyamine or a heterocyclic amine, such as aminopropylmopholine.
  • the amine is added in an amount sufficient to neutralize any nonesterified carboxyl groups.
  • the carboxylic ester dispersants are prepared by reacting from about 1 to about 2 equivalents, or from about 1.0 to 1.8 equivalents of hydroxy compounds, and up to about 0.3 equivalent, or from about 0.02 to about 0.25 equivalent of polyamine per equivalent of acylating agent.
  • the carboxylic acid acylating agent may be reacted simultaneously with both the hydroxy compound and the amine.
  • the dispersant may also be a hydrocarbyl-substituted amine.
  • hydrocarbyl-substituted amines are well known to those skilled in the art. These amines are disclosed in U.S. Patents 3,275,554; 3,438,757; 3,454,555; 3,565,804; 3,755,433; and 3,822,289. These patents are hereby incorporated by reference for their disclosure of hydrocarbyl amines and methods of making the same.
  • hydrocarbyl substituted amines are prepared by reacting olefins and olefin polymers, including the above polyalkenes and halogenated derivatives thereof, with amines (mono- or polyamines).
  • the amines may be any of the amines described above, preferrably an alkylenepolyamine.
  • hydrocarbyl substituted amines include poly(propylene)amine; N,N-dimethyl-N-poly(ethylene/propylene)amine, (50:50 mole ratio of monomers); polybutene amine; N,N-di(hydroxyethyl)-N-polybutene amine; N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-N-polybutene amine; N-polybutene-aniline; N-polybutenemorpholine; N-poly(butene)ethylenediamine; N-poly(propylene)trimethylenediamine; N-poly(butene)diethylenetriamine; N',N'-poly(butene)tetraethylenepentamine; N,N-dimethyl-N'-poly(propylene)-1,3-propylenediamine and the like.
  • the dispersant may also be a Mannich dispersant.
  • Mannich dispersants are generally formed by the reaction of at least one of the above described aldehydes, such as formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde, at least one of the above described amines and at least one alkyl substituted hydroxyaromatic compound. The reaction may occur from room temperature to about 225°C, or from about 50° to about 200°C, or from about 75°C to about 150°C.
  • the amounts of the reagents is such that the molar ratio of hydroxyaromatic compound to formaldehyde to amine is in the range from about (1:1:1) to about (1:3:3).
  • the first reagent is an alkyl substituted hydroxyaromatic compound.
  • This term includes the above described phenols, alythough the phenol need not be hindered.
  • the hydroxyaromatic compounds are those substituted with at least one, and preferably not more than two, aliphatic or alicyclic groups having from about 6 up to about 400, or from about 30 up to about 300, or from about 50 up to about 200 carbon atoms. These groups may be derived from one or more of the above described olefins or polyalkenes.
  • the hydroxyaromatic compound is a phenol substituted with an aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon-based group having an M ⁇ n of about 420 to about 10,000.
  • the third reagent is any amine described above.
  • the amine is one or more of the above described polyamines, such as the polyalkylenepolyamines.
  • Mannnich dispersants are described in the following patents: U.S. Patent 3,980,569; U.S. Patent 3,877,899; and U.S. Patent 4,454,059 (herein incorporated by reference for their disclosure to Mannich dispersants).
  • the dispersant is a borated dispersant.
  • the borated dispersants are prepared by reacting one or more of the above disperants with at least one boron compound.
  • the boron compounds include boron oxide, boron oxide hydrate, boron trioxide, boron acids, such as boronic acid (i.e., alkyl-B(OH)2 or aryl-B(OH)2), including methyl boronic acid, phenyl-boronic acid, cyclohexyl boronic acid, p-heptylphenyl boronic acid and dodecyl boronic acid, boric acid (i.e., H3BO3), tetraboric acid (i.e., H2B4O7), metaboric acid (i.e., HBO2), boron anhydrides, boron amides and various esters of such boron acids.
  • boronic acid i.e., alkyl-B(OH)2
  • the boron compounds include mono-, di-, and tri-organic esters of boric acid and alcohols or phenols.
  • the alcohols include methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, 1-octanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and Cellosolve.
  • Methods for preparing the esters are known and disclosed in the art (such as "Chemical Reviews," pp. 959-1064, Vol. 56).
  • the borated dispersant contains from about 0.1% up to about 5%, or from about 0.5% up to about 4%, or from 0.7% up to about 3% by weight boron.
  • the borated dispersant is a borated acylated amine, such as a borated succinimide dispersant.
  • Borated dispersants are described in 3,000,916; 3,087,936; 3,254,025; 3,282,955; 3,313,727; 3,491,025; 3,533,945; 3,666,662 and 4,925,983. These references are incorporated by reference for their disclosure of borated dispersants.
  • a mixture of 372 grams (6 atomic proportions of boron) of boric acid and 3111 grams (6 atomic proportions of nitrogen) of a acylated nitrogen composition, obtained by reacting 1 equivalent of a polybutenyl ( M ⁇ n 850) succinic anhydride, having an acid number of 113 (corresponding to an equivalent weight of 500), with 2 equivalents of a commercial ethylene amine mixture having an average composition corresponding to that of tetraethylene-pentamine, is heated at 150°C for 3 hours and then filtered. The filtrate is found to have a boron content of 1.64% and a nitrogen content of 2.56%.
  • the dispersant or detergent (B) is an overbased metal salt and is present in an amount from about 0.5% to about 4%, or from about 0.7% to about 3%, or from about 0.9% to about 2% by weight of the lubricating composition.
  • Overbased metal salts are characterized by having a metal content in excess of that which would be present according to the stoichiometry of the metal and the acidic organic compound. The amount of excess metal is commonly expressed in metal ratio.
  • the term "metal ratio" is the ratio of the total equivalents of the metal to the equivalents of the acidic organic compound. A salt having a metal ratio of 4.5 will have 3.5 equivalents of excess metal.
  • the overbased salts generally have a metal ratio from about 1.5 up to about 40, or from about 2 up to about 30, or from about 3 up to about 25. In one embodiment, the metal ratio is greater than about 7, or greater than about 10, or greater than about 15.
  • the overbased materials are prepared by reacting an acidic material, typically carbon dioxide, with a mixture comprising an acidic organic compound, a reaction medium comprising at least one inert, organic solvent for the acidic organic compound, a stoichiometric excess of a basic metal compound, and a promoter.
  • the basic metal compounds are oxides, hydroxides, chlorides, carbonates, and phosphorus acids (phosphonic or phosphoric acid) salts, and sulfur acid (sulfuric or sulfonic) salts.
  • the metals of the basic metal compounds are generally alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metals. Examples of the metals of the basic metal compound include sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, barium, titanium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, and preferably sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
  • the acidic organic compounds useful in making the overbased compositions of the present invention include carboxylic acylating agents, sulfonic acids, phosphorus containing acids, phenols, or mixtures of two or more thereof.
  • the acidic organic compounds are carboxylic acylating agents, or sulfonic acids.
  • the acidic organic compounds is one or more of the above described carboxylic acyalting agent, such as a hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acylating agents, such as the hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydrides.
  • the carboxylic acylating agent is an alkylalkyleneglycol-acetic acid, or alkylpolyethyleneglycol-acetic acid.
  • Some specific examples of these compounds include: iso-stearylpentaethyleneglycol-acetic acid; iso-stearyl-O-(CH2CH2O)5CH2CO2Na; lauryl-O-(CH2CH2O) 2.5 -CH2CO2H; lauryl-O-(CH2CH2O) 3.3 CH2CO2H; oleyl-O-(CH2C-H2O)4-CH2CO2H; lauryl-O-(CH2CH2O) 4.5 CH2CO2H; lauryl-O-(CH2CH2O)-10CH2CO2H; lauryl-O-(CH2CH2O)16CH2CO2H; octyl-phenyl-O(CH2CH2O)8CH2CO2H; octyl-phen
  • the carboxylic acylating agents are aromatic carboxylic acids.
  • a group of useful aromatic carboxylic acids are those of the formula wherein R28 is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl group having from about 4 to about 400 carbon atoms, a is a number in the range of zero to about 4, Ar is an aromatic group, such as those discussed above, each X is independently sulfur or oxygen, preferably oxygen, b is a number in the range from one to about four, c is a number in the range of zero to about four, usually one or two, with the proviso that the sum of a, b and c does not exceed the number of valences of Ar.
  • R28 and a are such that there is an average of at least about eight aliphatic carbon atoms provided by the R28 groups.
  • the R28 group is a hydrocarbyl group that is directly bonded to the aromatic group Ar.
  • R28 typically contains from about 6 to about 80, or from about 7 to about 30, or from about 8 to about 25, or from about 8 to about 15 carbon atoms.
  • R28 groups include butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, octyl, nonyl, dodecyl, 5-chlorohexyl, 4-ethoxypentyl, 3-cyclohexyloctyl, 2,3,5-trimethylheptyl, propylene tetramer, triisobutenyl and substituents derived from one of the above described olefins or polyalkenes.
  • a useful class of carboxylic acids are those of the formula wherein R28 is defined above, a is a number in the range of from zero to about 4, or from 1 to about 3; b is a number in the range of 1 to about 4, or from 1 to about 2, c is a number in the range of zero to about 4, or from 1 to about 2, and or 1; with the proviso that the sum of a, b and c does not exceed 6.
  • R28 and a are such that the acid molecules contain at least an average of about 12 aliphatic carbon atoms in the aliphatic hydrocarbon substituents per acid molecule.
  • b and c are each one and the carboxylic acid is a salicylic acid.
  • the salicylic acids are hydrocarbyl substituted salicylic acids, wherein each hydrocarbyl substituent contains an average of at least about 8 carbon atoms per substituent and 1 to 3 substituents per molecule.
  • the hydrocarbyl substituent is derived from one or more above-described polyalkenes.
  • the acidic organic compound is a sulfonic acid.
  • the sulfonic acids include sulfonic and thiosulfonic acids, preferably sulfonic acids.
  • the sulfonic acids include the mono- or polynuclear aromatic or cycloaliphatic compounds.
  • the oil-soluble sulfonic acids may be represented for the most part by one of the following formulae: R29-T-(SO3) a H and R30-(SO3) b H, wherein T is a cyclic nucleus such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, diphenylene oxide, diphenylene sulfide, and petroleum naphthenes; R29 is an aliphatic group such as alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, etc.; (R29)+T contains a total of at least about 15 carbon atoms; and R30 is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl group containing at least about 15 carbon atoms.
  • T is a cyclic nucleus such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, diphenylene oxide, diphenylene sulfide, and petroleum naphthenes
  • R29 is an aliphatic group such as alkyl, alken
  • R30 are alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, carboalkoxyalkyl, etc.
  • R30 are groups derived from petrolatum, saturated and unsaturated paraffin wax, and one or more of the above-described polyalkenes.
  • the groups T, R29, and R30 in the above Formulae can also contain other inorganic or organic substituents in addition to those enumerated above such as, for example, hydroxy, mercapto, halogen, nitro, amino, nitroso, sulfide, disulfide, etc.
  • a and b are at least 1.
  • a preferred group of sulfonic acids are mono-, di-, and tri-alkylated benzene and naphthalene sulfonic acids including their hydrogenated forms.
  • Illustrative of synthetically produced alkylated benzene and naphthalene sulfonic acids are those containing alkyl substituents having from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms, or from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms, and or to about 24 carbon atoms.
  • sulfonic acids are mahogany sulfonic acids; bright stock sulfonic acids; sulfonic acids derived from lubricating oil fractions having a Saybolt viscosity from about 100 seconds at 100°F to about 200 seconds at 210°F; petrolatum sulfonic acids; mono- and polywax-substituted sulfonic acids; alkylbenzene sulfonic acids (where the alkyl group has at least 8 carbons), dilaurylbeta-naphthyl sulfonic acids, and alkaryl sulfonic acids, such as dodecylbenzene "bottoms" sulfonic acids.
  • Dodecylbenzene "bottoms" sulfonic acids are the material leftover after the removal of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acids that are used for household detergents.
  • the "bottoms” may be straight-chain or branchedchain alkylates with a straight-chain dialkylate preferred.
  • SO3 sulfonates from detergent manufactured by-products by reaction with, e.g., SO3, is well known to those skilled in the art. See, for example, the article “Sulfonates” in Kirk-Othmer “Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", Second Edition, Vol. 19, pp. 291 et seq. published by John Wiley & Sons, N.Y. (1969).
  • the acidic organic compound is a phosphorus containing acid.
  • the phosphorus containing acids are one or more of the above described phosphorus containing acids.
  • the phosphorus - containing acid is the reaction product of one or more of the above polyalkenes and a phosphorus sulfide.
  • Useful phosphorus sulfide sources include phosphorus pentasulfide, phosphorus sesquisulfide, phosphorus heptasulfide and the like.
  • the reaction of the polyalkene and the phosphorus sulfide generally may occur by simply mixing the two at a temperature above 80°C, or from about 100°C to about 300°C.
  • the products have a phosphorus content from about 0.05% to about 10%, or from about 0.1% to about 5%.
  • the relative proportions of the phosphorizing agent to the olefin polymer is generally from 0.1 part to 50 parts of the phosphorizing agent per 100 parts of the olefin polymer.
  • the phosphorus containing acids are described in U.S. Patent 3,232,883, issued to LeSuer. This reference is herein incorporated by reference for its disclosure to the phosphorus containing acids and methods for preparing the same.
  • the acidic organic compound is a phenol.
  • the phenols may be represented by the formula (R28) a -Ar-(OH) b , wherein R28 is defined above; Ar is an aromatic group as described above; a and b are independently numbers of at least one, the sum of a and b being in the range of two up to the number of displaceable hydrogens on the aromatic nucleus or nuclei of Ar, which is defined above. In one embodiment, a and b are each independently numbers in the range from one to about four, or from one to about two. In one embodiment, R28 and a are such that there is an average of at least about eight aliphatic carbon atoms provided by the R28 groups for each phenol compound.
  • promoters are often used in preparing the overbased metal salts.
  • the promoters that is, the materials which facilitate the incorporation of the excess metal into the overbased material, are also quite diverse and well known in the art. A particularly comprehensive discussion of suitable promoters is found in U.S. Patents 2,777,874, 2,695,910, 2,616,904, 3,384,586 and 3,492,231. These patents are incorporated by reference for their disclosure of promoters.
  • promoters include the alcoholic and phenolic promoters.
  • the alcoholic promoters include the alkanols of one to about 12 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, amyl alcohol, octanol, isopropanol, and mixtures of these and the like.
  • Phenolic promoters include a variety of hydroxy-substituted benzenes and naphthalenes.
  • a particularly useful class of phenols are the alkylated phenols of the type listed in U.S. Patent 2,777,874, e.g., heptylphenols, octylphenols, and nonylphenols. Mixtures of various promoters are sometimes used.
  • Acidic materials which are reacted with the mixture of acidic organic compound, promoter, metal compound and reactive medium, are also disclosed in the above cited patents, for example, U.S. Patent 2,616,904. Those disclosures are incorporated by reference for their disclosure of such acidic materials. Included within the known group of useful acidic materials are liquid acids, such as formic acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, boric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, carbamic acid, substituted carbamic acids, etc.
  • Acetic acid is a very useful acidic material although inorganic acidic compounds such as HCl, SO2, SO3, CO2, H2S, N2O3, etc., are ordinarily employed as the acidic materials. Particularly useful acidic materials are carbon dioxide and acetic acid.
  • the temperature at which the acidic material is contacted with the remainder of the reaction mass depends to a large measure upon the promoting agent used. With a phenolic promoter, the temperature usually ranges from about 80°C to about 300°C, and preferably from about 100°C to about 200°C. When an alcohol or mercaptan is used as the promoting agent, the temperature usually will not exceed the reflux temperature of the reaction mixture and preferably will not exceed about 100°C.
  • the overbased metal salts are borated overbased metal salts.
  • the borated overbased metals salts are prepared by reacting one or more of the above overbased metals salts with one or more of the above described boron compounds.
  • the borated overbased metal salts generally contains from about 0.1 % up to about 15%, or from about 0.5% up to about 10%, or from about 1% up to about 8% by weight of the boron.
  • Borated overbased compositions, lubricating compositions containing the same and methods of preparing borated overbased compositions are found in U.S. Patent 4,744,920, issued to Fischer et al; U.S. Patent 4,792,410 issued to Schwind et al and PCT Publication WO88/03144. The disclosures relating to the above are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the combination of the antioxidant (A) and the dispersant or detergent (B) are useful as additives for lubricants in which they can function to control oxidation and subsequent viscosity increase. They may be em-ployed in a variety of lubricants based on diverse oils of lubricating viscosity, including natural and synthetic lubricating oils and mixtures thereof. These lubricants include crankcase lubricating oils for spark-ignited and compression-ignited internal combustion engines, including automobile and truck engines, two-cycle engines, aviation piston engines, marine and railroad diesel engines, and the like. They can also be used in gas engines, stationary power engines and turbines and the like.
  • Automatic or manual transmission fluids, transaxle lubricants, gear lubricants, including open and enclosed gear lubricants, tractor lubricants, metal-working lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other lubricating oil and grease compositions can also benefit from the incorporation therein of the compositions of the present invention. They may also be used as wirerope, walking cam, way, rock drill, chain and conveyor belt, worm gear, bearing, and rail and flange lubricants.
  • the combination of the antioxidant (A) and the dispersant or detergent (B) may be used in lubricants or in concentrates.
  • the concentrate may contain the above combination alone or with other components used in preparing fully formulated lubricants.
  • the concentrate also contains a substantially inert organic diluent, which includes kerosene, mineral distillates, or one or more of the oils of lubricating viscosity discussed below.
  • the concentrates contain from 0.01%, or from about 0.1%, or from about 1% up to about 70% or up to about 80%, even up to about 90% by weight of the combination.
  • the combination of the antioxidant (A) or the dispersant or detergent (B) may be present in a final product, blend, or concentrate in any amount effective to act as antioxidation agents in lubricating compositions.
  • the antioxidant (A) is present in an amount of at least about 2% by weight.
  • the total amount of antioxidant (A) is equal to the sum of the amounts of all antioxidants in the lubricant.
  • the antioxidant is present in an amount from about 2.5% to about 10%, or from about 3% to about 8% by weight of the lubricating composition.
  • the dispersant or detergent (B) is generally present in an amount from about 0.01% to about 4%, or from about to 0.1% to aobut 3%, or from about 0.5% to about 2.5% by weight of the lubricating composition.
  • the lubricating compositions and methods of this invention employ one or more of the above described oils of lubricating viscosity. Additionally the lubricants may contain (C) at least one additive selected from the group consisting of (i) at least one sulfur containing antiwear or extreme pressure agent, (ii) at least one phosphorus or boron antiwear or extreme pressure agent, and (iii) mixtures thereof, provided that when (A) is a dithiocarbamate, then (C) is different from (A).
  • the combination of an antioxidant (A) and a dispersant or detergent (B) may be used in lubricating compositions together with a sulfur compound (C)(i).
  • the sulfur compounds include sulfurized organic compounds and dithiocarbamate containing compounds. In one embodiment, the sulfur compound is present in an amount from about 0.5% up to about 10%, or from about 1% up to about 8%, or from about 2% up to about 7% by weight of the lubricating composition.
  • the sulfur compounds (C)(i) include mono- or polysulfide compositions, or mixtures thereof. The sulfur compounds are generally characterized as having sulfide linkages containing an average from 1 up to about 10, or from about 2 up to about 8, or from about 3 up to about 4 sulfur atoms.
  • the organic polysulfides may be a mixture of di-, tri- or tetrasulfide materials, preferably having a majority of trisulfide being preferred. Materials having at least 70% trisulfide are preferred, with materials containing greater than 80% trisulfide more preferred.
  • Materials which may be sulfurized to form (C)(i) include oils, unsaturated fatty acids, such as those described above, unsaturated fatty esters, olefins or poly-olefins, terpenes, or Diels-Alder adducts.
  • Oils which may be sulfurized are natural or synthetic oils, including mineral oils, lard oil, carboxylic acid esters derived from aliphatic alcohols and fatty acids or aliphatic carboxylic acids (e.g., myristyl oleate and oleyl oleate) sperm whale oil and synthetic sperm whale oil substitutes and synthetic unsaturated esters or glycerides.
  • the unsaturated fatty esters include fatty oils, that is, naturally occurring or synthetic esters of glycerol and one or more of the above fatty acids.
  • fatty esters include animal fats, such as Neat's-foot oil, lard oil, depot fat, beef tallow, vegetable oils including cottonseed oil, corn oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, and sunflower seed oil.
  • the unsaturated fatty esters also may be prepared by esterifying alcohols and polyols with a fatty acid.
  • the alcohols include the above described mono- and polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, and glycerol.
  • the olefins which may be sulfurized, contain at least one olefinic double bond, which is defined as a non-aromatic double bond.
  • R* groups in the above formula which are not hydrogen may be represented by -(CH2) n -A, wherein n is a number from 0 to about 10 and A is represented by -C(R*5)3, -COOR*5, -CON(R*5)2, -COON(R*5)4, -COOM, -CN, -X, -YR*5 or -Ar, wherein: each R*5 is independently hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl group, with the proviso that any two R*5 groups may be connected to form a ring of up to about 12 carbon atoms is formed; M is one equivalent of a metal cation (preferably Group I or II, e.g., sodium, potassium, barium, calcium); X is halogen (e.g., chloro, bromo, or iodo); Y is oxygen or divalent sulfur; Ar is an aromatic group of up to about 12 carbon atoms.
  • n is a number from 0 to about 10
  • A
  • the olefinic compound is usually one in which each R group which is not hydrogen is independently alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group.
  • R*3 and R*4 are hydrogen and R*1 and R*2 are alkyl or aryl, especially alkyl having 1 up to about 30, or up to about 16, or up to about 8, or even up to about 4 carbon atoms.
  • Olefins having from 2 up to about 30, or from about 3 up to about 16 (most often less than about 9) carbon atoms are particularly useful.
  • Olefins having two to about 5 or to about 4 carbon atoms are particularly useful.
  • Isobutene, propylene and their dimers, trimers and tetramers, and mixtures thereof are especially preferred olefins.
  • the organic polysulfides may be a mixture of di-, tri- or tetrasulfide materials, preferably having a majority of trisulfide being preferred. Materials having at least 70% trisulfide are preferred, with materials containing greater than 80% trisulfide more preferred.
  • the sulfurized olefins may be produced by reacting sulfur monochloride with an olefin, and then treating the resulting product with an alkali metal sulfide in the presence of free sulfur. The resulting product is then treated with an inorganic base.
  • the sulfurized olefin may also be prepared by the reacting, under superatmospheric pressure, the olefin with a mixture of sulfur and hydrogen sulfide in the presence, or absence, of a catalyst, followed by removal of low boiling materials.
  • the olefins which may be sulfurized, the sulfurized olefin, and methods of preparing the same are described in U.S. Patents 4,119,549, 4,199,550, 4,191,659, and 4,344,854. The disclosure of these patents is hereby incorporated by reference for its description of the sulfurized olefins and preparation of the same.
  • the organic polysulfide comprise sulfurized olefins prepared by the sulfochlorination of olefins containing four or more carbon atoms and further treatment with inorganic higher polysulfides according to U.S. Patent 2,708,199.
  • the sulfurized olefins may be produced by (1) reacting sulfur monochloride with a stoichiometric excess of a lower olefin, e.g. containing two to about seven carbon atoms, (2) treating the resulting product with an alkali metal sulfide in the presence of free sulfur in a mole ratio of no less than 2:1 in an alcohol-water solvent, and (3) reacting that product with an inorganic base.
  • the olefin reactant contains from about 2 to 5 carbon atoms and examples include ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene, amylene, etc.
  • the following example relates to an organic polysulfide.
  • Sulfur (526 parts, 16.4 moles) is charged to a jacketed, high-pressure reactor which is fitted with an agitator and internal cooling coils. Refrigerated brine is circulated through the coils to cool the reactor prior to the introduction of the gaseous reactants.
  • 920 parts (16.4 moles) of isobutene and 279 parts (8.2 moles) of hydrogen sulfide are charged to the reactor.
  • the reactor is heated using steam in the external jacket, to a temperature of about 182°C over about 1.5 hours. A maximum pressure of 1350 psig is reached at about 168°C during this heat-up.
  • the pressure Prior to reaching the peak reaction temperature, the pressure starts to decrease and continues to decrease steadily as the gaseous reactants are consumed. After about 10 hours at a reaction temperature of about 182°C, the pressure is 310-340 psig and the rate of pressure change is about 5-10 psig per hour. The unreacted hydrogen sulfide and isobutene are vented to a recovery system. After the pressure in the reactor has decreased to atmospheric, the sulfurized mixture is recovered as a liquid.
  • the mixture is blown with nitrogen at about 100°C to remove low boiling materials including unreacted isobutene, mercaptans and monosulfides.
  • the residue after nitrogen blowing is agitated with 5% Super Filtrol and filtered, using a diatomaceous earth filter aid.
  • the filtrate is the desired sulfurized composition which contains 42.5% sulfur.
  • (C) is a sulfurized terpene compound.
  • terpene compound as used in the specification and claims is intended to include the various isomeric terpene hydrocarbons having the empirical formula C10H16, such as contained in turpentine, pine oil and dipentenes, and the various synthetic and naturally occurring oxygen-containing derivatives.
  • Pine-oil derivatives which are commercially available from Hercules Incorporated, include alpha-terpineol (a high purity tertiary terpene alcohol); and Terpineol 318 Prime (a mixture containing about 60-65% weight alpha-terpineol and 15-20% weight beta-terpineol); Yarmor 302; Herco pine oil; Yarmor 302W; Yarmor F; and Yarmor 60.
  • alpha-terpineol a high purity tertiary terpene alcohol
  • Terpineol 318 Prime a mixture containing about 60-65% weight alpha-terpineol and 15-20% weight beta-terpineol
  • Yarmor 302 Herco pine oil
  • Yarmor 302W Yarmor F
  • Yarmor 60 Yarmor 60.
  • (C) is a sulfurized Diels Alder adduct.
  • the sulfurized Diels Alder adduct is prepared by reacting a sulfur source, such as elemental sulfur, sulfur halides and organic polysulfides, including dialkyl polysuffides.
  • a Diels-Alder reaction involves the reaction of at least one conjugated diene with at least one ethylenically or acetylenically unsaturated compound, these latter compounds being known as dienophiles.
  • Piperylene, isoprene, methylisoprene, chloroprene, and 1,3-butadiene are among the preferred dienes for use in preparing the Diels-Alder adducts.
  • dienes include linear 1,3-conjugated dienes, cyclic dienes, such as cyclopentadienes, fulvenes, 1,3-cyclohexadienes, 1,3,5-cycloheptatrienes, cyclooctatetraene, etc.
  • Dienophiles used in preparing the Diels-Alder adducts include nitroalkenes; alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic esters, acids or amides; ethylenically unsaturated aldehydes and vinyl ketones.
  • the unsaturated carboxylic esters, acids and amides are described above.
  • dienophiles include 1-nitrobutene-1, alkylacrylates, acrylamide, dibutylacrylamide, methacrylamide, crotonaldehyde; crotonic acid, dimethyldivinyl ketone, methylvinyl ketone, propiolaldehyde, methylethynyl ketone, propiolic acid, propargylaldehyde, cyclopentenedione, 3-cyano-coumaran, etc.
  • the sulfurized Diels-Alder adducts are readily prepared by heating a mixture of a sulfur source, preferably sulfur and at least one of the Diels-Alder adducts of the types discussed hereinabove at a temperature within the range of from about 110°C to just below the decomposition temperature of the Diels-Alder adducts. Temperatures within the range of about 110° to about 200°C will normally be used. Generally, the molar ratio of sulfur source to Diels-Alder adduct is in a range of from about 0.75 up to about 4 or from about 1 up to about 3 or up to about 2.5.
  • the Diels-Alder adducts are a well-known, art-recognized class of compounds prepared from dienes by Diels-Alder reaction.
  • An example of a useful sulfurized Diels-Alder adduct is a sulfurized reaction product of butadiene and butyl-acrylate.
  • Sulfurized Diels Alder adducts are described in U.S. Patents 3,498,915, 4,582,618, and Re 27331. These patents are hereby incorporated by reference for their disclosures of sulfurized Diels Alder adducts and methods of making the same.
  • the sulfur compound (C)(i) is a dithiocarbamate containing compound.
  • the dithiocarbamate-containing compounds include dithiocarbamate esters, dithiocarbamate amides, dithiocarbamic ethers, a sulfur coupled dithiocarbamates, and alkylene-coupled dithiocarbamates. These are described above.
  • the antioxidant (A) is a dithiocarbamte then (C) is different from (A).
  • the combination of the antioxidant (A) and the dispersant or detergent (B) are used in lubricating compositions in combination with at least one phosphorus or boron containing antiwear/extreme pressure agent (C)(ii).
  • (C)(ii) is present in an amount sufficient to impart antiwear, antiweld, and/or extreme pressure properties to the lubricants and functional fluids.
  • the phosphorus or boron containing agents (C)(ii) are typically present in the lubricants and functional fluids at a level of up to about 20% by weight, preferably up to about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant, functional fluid, or grease.
  • the phosphorus or boron containing antiwear/extreme pressure agent is present in the lubricants and functional fluids at a level from about 0.01% up to about 10%, or from about 0.05% or up to about 4%, or from about 0.08% up to about 3% or from 0.1% to about 2% by weight.
  • Examples of phosphorus or boron containing antiwear/extreme pressure agents (C)(ii) include a phosphoric acid ester or salt thereof; a phosphite; a phosphorus-containing carboxylic ester, ether, or amide; a borated dispersant; an alkali metal or a mixed alkali metal, alkaline earth metal borate; a borated overbased metal salt; and a borate ester.
  • the phosphorus acids include the phosphoric, phosphonic, phosphinic and thiophosphoric acids including dithiophosphoric acid as well as the monothiophosphoric acid, thiophosphinic and thiophosphonic acids.
  • (C)(ii) is a phosphorus acid ester is prepared by reacting one or more phosphorus acid or anhydride with an alcohol containing from 1 up to about 30, or from about 2 up to about 24, or from about 3 up to about 12 carbon atoms.
  • the phosphorus acids or anhydrides and the alcohols are described above.
  • useful phosphorus acid esters include the phosphoric acid di- and triesters prepared by reacting a phosphoric acid or anhydride with cresol alcohols.
  • An example is tricresylphosphate.
  • (C)(ii) may be a phosphorus ester prepared by reacting one or more dithiophosphoric acid with an epoxide or a glycol. This reaction product may be used alone, or further reacted with a phosphorus acid, anhydride, or lower ester.
  • the epoxide is generally an aliphatic epoxide or a styrene oxide. Examples of useful epoxides include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butene oxide, octene oxide, dodecene oxide, styrene oxide, etc. Propylene oxide is preferred.
  • the glycols may be aliphatic glycols, having from 1 to about 12, or from about 2 to about 6, or about 2 or 3 carbon atoms, or aromatic glycols.
  • Glycols include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, catechol, resorcinol, and the like.
  • the dithiophosphoric acids, glycols, epoxides, inorganic phosphorus reagents and methods of reacting the same are described in U.S. patent 3,197,405 and U.S. patent 3,544,465 which are incorporated herein by reference for their disclosure to these.
  • Phosphorus pentoxide 64 grams is added at 58°C over a period of 45 minutes to 514 grams of hydroxypropyl O,O-di(4-methyl-2pentyl)phosphorodithioate (prepared by reacting di(4-methyl-2pentyl)-phosphorodithioic acid with 1.3 moles of propylene oxide at 25°C).
  • the mixture is heated at 75°C for 2.5 hours, mixed with a diatomaceous earth and filtered at 70°C.
  • the filtrate contains 11.8% by weight phosphorus, 15.2% by weight sulfur, and an acid number of 87 (bromophenol blue).
  • a mixture of 667 grams of phosphorus pentoxide and the reaction product of 3514 grams of diisopropyl phosphorodithioic acid with 986 grams of propylene oxide at 50°C is heated at 85°C for 3 hours and filtered.
  • the filtrate contains 15.3% by weight phosphorus, 19.6% by weight sulfur, and an acid number of 126 (bromophenol blue).
  • Acidic phosphoric acid esters may be reacted with an amine compound or metallic base to form an amine or metal salt.
  • the salts may be formed separately and then the salt of the phosphorus acid ester may be added to the lubricating composition.
  • the salts may also be formed in situ when the acidic phosphorus acid ester is blended with other components to form a fully formulated lubricating composition.
  • the amine salts of the phosphorus acid esters may be formed from ammonia or one or more of the above described amines, including monoamines and polyamines.
  • the amine is one or more of the above described tertiary aliphatic primary amines.
  • the metal salts of the phosphorus acid esters are prepared by the reaction of a metal base with the phosphorus acid ester.
  • the metal base may be any metal compound capable of forming a metal salt. Examples of metal bases include metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, sulfates, borates, or the like.
  • the metals of the metal base include Group IA, IIA, IB through VIIB, and VIII metals (CAS version of the Periodic Table of the Elements). These metals include the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals.
  • the metal is a Group IIA metal, such as calcium or magnesium, a Group IB metal, such as copper, a Group IIB metal, such as zinc, or a Group VIIB metal, such as manganese.
  • a Group IIA metal such as calcium or magnesium
  • a Group IB metal such as copper
  • a Group IIB metal such as zinc
  • a Group VIIB metal such as manganese.
  • the metal is magnesium, calcium, copper or zinc.
  • metal compounds which may be reacted with the phosphorus acid include zinc hydroxide, zinc oxide, copper hydroxide, copper oxide, etc.
  • (C)(ii) is a metal thiophosphate, preferably a metal dithiophosphate.
  • the metal thiophosphate is prepared by means known to those in the art.
  • metal dithiophosphates include zinc isopropyl, methylamyl dithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl isooctyl dithiophosphate, barium di(nonyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(cyclohexyl) dithiophosphate, copper di(isobutyl) dithiophosphate, calcium di(hexyl) dithiophosphate, zinc isobutyl isoamyl dithiophosphate, and zinc isopropyl secondary-butyl dithiophosphate.
  • a reaction vessel is charged with 217 grams of the filtrate from Example P-1.
  • a commercial aliphatic primary amine (66 grams), having an average molecular weight of 191 in which the aliphatic radical is a mixture of tertiary alkyl radicals containing from 11 to 14 carbon atom, is added over a period of 20 minutes at 25-60°C.
  • the resulting product has a phosphorus content of 10.2% by weight, a nitrogen content of 1.5% by weight, and an acid number of 26.3.
  • Example P-2 The filtrate of Example P-2 (1752 grams) is mixed at 25-82°C with 764 grams of the aliphatic primary amine used in of Example P-3.
  • the resulting product has 9.95% phosphorus, 2.72% nitrogen, and 12.6% sulfur.
  • Phosphorus pentoxide (852 grams) is added to 2340 grams of iso-octyl alcohol over a period of 3 hours. The temperature increases from room temperature but is maintained below 65°C. After the addition is complete the reaction mixture is heated to 90°C and the temperature is maintained for 3 hours. Diatomaceous earth is added to the mixture, and the mixture is filtered. The filtrate has 12.4% phosphorus, a 192 acid neutralization number (bromophenol blue) and a 290 acid neutralization number (phenolphthalein).
  • the above filtrate is mixed with 200 grams of toluene, 130 grams of mineral oil, 1 gram of acetic acid, 10 grams of water and 45 grams of zinc oxide.
  • the mixture is heated to 60-70°C under a pressure of 30 mm Hg.
  • the resulting product mixture is filtered using a diatomaceous earth.
  • the filtrate has 8.58% zinc and 7.03% phosphorus.
  • Phosphorus pentoxide (208 grams) is added to the product prepared by reacting 280 grams of propylene oxide with 1184 grams of O,O'-di-isobutylphosphorodithioic acid at 30-60°C. The addition is made at a temperature of 50-60°C and the resulting mixture is then heated to 80°C and held at that temperature for 2 hours.
  • the commercial aliphatic primary amine identified in Example P-3 (384 grams) is added to the mixture, while the temperature is maintained in the range of 30-60°C.
  • the reaction mixture is filtered through diatomaceous earth. The filtrate has 9.31% phosphorus, 11.37% sulfur, 2.50% nitrogen, and a base number of 6.9 (bromophenol blue indicator).
  • (C)(ii) is a metal salt of (a) at least one dithiophosphoric acid and (b) at least one aliphatic or alicyclic carboxylic acid.
  • the dithiophosphoric acids are described above.
  • the carboxylic acid may be a monocarboxylic or polycarboxylic acid, usually containing from 1 to about 3, or just one carboxylic acid group.
  • the preferred carboxylic acids are those having the formula R31COOH, wherein R31 is a hydrocarbyl group, preferably free from acetylenic unsaturation. Generally, R31 contains from about 2 up to about 40, or from about 3 up to about 24, or from about 4 up to about 12 carbon atoms.
  • R31 contains from about 4, or from about 6 up to about 12, or up to about 8 carbon atoms.
  • R31 is an alkyl group.
  • Suitable acids include the butanoic, pentanoic, hexanoic, octanoic, nonanoic, decanoic, dodecanoic, octodecanoic and eicosanoic acids, as well as olefinic acids such as oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, and linoleic dimer acid.
  • a preferred carboxylic acid is 2-ethylhexanoic acid.
  • the metal salts may be prepared by merely blending a metal salt of a dithiophoshoric acid with a metal salt of a carboxylic acid in the desired ratio.
  • the ratio of equivalents of dithiophosphoric acid to carboxylic acid is from about 0.5 up to about 400 to 1.
  • the ratio may be from 0.5 up to about 200, or up to about 100, or up to about 50, or up to about 20 to 1.
  • the ratio is from 0.5 up to about 4.5 to 1, or from about 2.5 up to about 4.25 to 1.
  • the equivalent weight of a dithiophosphoric acid is its molecular weight divided by the number of -PSSH groups therein
  • the equivalent weight of a carboxylic acid is its molecular weight divided by the number of carboxy groups therein.
  • a second and preferred method for preparing the metal salts useful in this invention is to prepare a mixture of the acids in the desired ratio, such as those described above for the metal salts of the individual metal salts, and to react the acid mixture with one of the above described metal compounds.
  • this method of preparation it is frequently possible to prepare a salt containing an excess of metal with respect to the number of equivalents of acid present; thus the metal salts may contain as many as 2 equivalents and especially up to about 1.5 equivalents of metal per equivalent of acid may be prepared.
  • the equivalent of a metal for this purpose is its atomic weight divided by its valence.
  • the temperature at which the metal salts are prepared is generally between about 30°C and about 150°C, preferably up to about 125°C.
  • U.S. Patents 4,308,154 and 4,417,990 describe procedures for preparing these metal salts and disclose a number of examples of such metal salts. These patents are hereby incorporated by reference for those disclosures.
  • (C)(ii) may be an aromatic phosphite as described above.
  • (C)(ii) may be an aliphatic phosphite.
  • the phosphite may be a di- or trihydrocarbyl phosphite.
  • each hydrocarbyl group has from 1 up to about 24, or from about 2 up to about 18, or from 3 up to about 8 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of specific hydrocarbyl groups include propyl, butyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, oleyl, linoleyl, stearyl, and mixtures of two or more of thereof.
  • each hydrocarbyl group is independently propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, or oleyl.
  • Phosphites and their preparation are known and many phosphites are available commercially. Particularly useful phosphites are dibutyl phosphite, and trioleyl phosphite.
  • (C)(ii) is an alkali or an alkali metal and alkaline earth metal borate.
  • These metal borates are generally a hydrated particulate metal borate which are known in the art.
  • Alkali metal borates include mixed alkali and alkaline metal borates. These metal borates are available commercially.
  • Representative patents disclosing suitable alkali and alkali metal and alkaline earth metal borates and their methods of manufacture include U.S. 3,997,454; 3,819,521; 3,853,772; 3,907,601; 3,997,454; and 4,089,790. These patents are incorporated by reference for their disclosures of the metal borates and methods of their manufacture.
  • (C)(ii) is a borated fatty amine.
  • the borated amines are prepared by reacting one or more of the above boron compounds with a fatty amine, e.g., an amine having from about four up to about eighteen carbon atoms.
  • the borated fatty amines are prepared by reacting the amine with the boron compound at about 50°C to about 300°C, preferably about 100°C to about 250°C, and at a ratio of 3:1 to 1:3 equivalents of amine to equivalents of boron compound.
  • the borated fatty epoxides are generally the reaction product of one or more of the above boron compounds with at least one epoxide.
  • the epoxide is generally an aliphatic epoxide having at least 8, preferably at least about 10, more preferably at least about 12 up to about 24, preferably up to about 20 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of useful aliphatic epoxides include heptyl oxide, octyl oxide, stearyl oxide, oleyl oxide and the like. Mixtures of epoxides may also be used, for instance commercial mixtures of epoxides having from about 14 to about 16 carbon atoms and from about 14 to about 18 carbon atoms.
  • the borated fatty epoxides are generally known and are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,584,115. This patent is incorporated by reference for its disclosure of borated fatty epoxides and methods for preparing the same.
  • (C)(ii) is a borate ester.
  • the borate esters may be prepared by reacting of one or more of the above boron compounds with one or more of the above identified alcohols. Typically, the alcohols contain from about 6 up to about 30, or from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms. The methods of making such borate esters are known to those in the art.
  • borate ester is a borated phospholipid.
  • the borated phospholipids are prepared by reacting a combination of a phospholipid and a boron compound, Optionally, the combination may include an amine, an acylated nitrogen compound, a carboxylic ester, a Mannich reaction product, or a basic or neutral metal salt of an organic acid compound. These additional components are described above.
  • Phospholipids sometimes referred to as phosphatides and phospholipins, may be natural or synthetic.
  • Naturally derived phospholipids include those derived from fish, fish oil, shellfish, bovine brain, chicken egg, sunflowers, soybean, corn, and cotton-seeds.
  • Phospholipids may be derived from microorganisms, including blue-green algae, green algae, and bacteria.
  • the reactions usually occurs at a temperature from about 60°C up to about 200°C, or from about 90°C, or up to about 150°C.
  • the reaction is typically accomplished in about 0.5 up to about 10 hours.
  • the boron compound and phospho-lipid are reacted at an atomic proportion ratio of boron to phosphorus of 1-6:1 or 2-4:1, or 3:1.
  • the boron compound is reacted with the mixture of the phospholipid and one or more optional ingredients in an amount of one atomic proportion of boron to an equivalent of the mixture of a phospholipid and an optional ingredient in a ratio from about one, or about two up to about six, to about four to one.
  • the equivalents of the mixture are based on the combined equivalents of phospholipid based on phosphorus and equivalents of the optional ingredients.
  • the antioxidant (A) and the dispersant or detergent (B) may be used in lubricating compositions together with other additives such as auxiliary extreme pressure agents, corrosion and oxidation inhibiting agnets and metal deactivators.
  • auxiliary extreme pressure agents and corrosion- and oxidation-inhibiting agents which may be included in the lubricants of the invention are exemplified by chlori nated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorinated wax; phosphosulfurized hydrocar bons, such as the reaction product of a phosphorus sulfide with turpentine or methyl oleate; metal thiocarbamates, such as zinc dioctyldithiocarbamate, and barium diheptylphenyl dithiocarbamate.
  • the metal deactivators include dimercaptothiadiazoles, such as the reaction products of octyl mercaptan and dimercaptothiadiazole as well as the reaction product of hepylphenol, formaldehyde and dimercaptothiadiazole. Many of the above-mentioned extreme pressure agents and corrosion- and oxidation-inhibitors also serve as antiwear agents.
  • Pour point depressants are an additive often included in the lubricating oils described herein.
  • useful pour point depressants are polymethacrylates; polyacrylates; polyacrylamides; condensation products of haloparaffin waxes and aromatic compounds; vinyl carboxylate polymers; and polymers of dialkylfumarates, vinyl esters of fatty acids and alkyl vinyl ethers.
  • Pour point depressants useful for the purposes of this invention techniques for their preparation and their uses are described in U.S. Patents 2,387,501; 2,015,748; 2,655,479; 1,815,022; 2,191,498; 2,666,746; 2,721,877; 2,721,878; and 3,250,715 which are hereby incorporated by reference for their relevant disclosures.
  • Antifoam agents are used to reduce or prevent the formation of stable foam.
  • Typical antifoam agents include silicones or organic polymers. Additional antifoam compositions are described in "Foam Control Agents", by Henry T. Kerner (Noyes Data Corporation, 1976), pages 125-162.
  • compositions of the present invention containing the antioxidant (A) and the dispersant or detergent (B).
  • a lubricant is prepared by incorporating 3.5% of dinonyldiphenylamine, 1.2% of the product of Example B-4, 0.1% oleylamide, 1.7% of the product of Example P-3, 4.6% of the product of Example S-1, 0.05% of a reaction product of C9 mercaptan and dimercaptodithiodiazole, 0.1% of a reaction product of heptylphenol, formaldehyde and dimercaptothiadiazole, 0.1% of a copolymer of methylacrylate and 2-ethylhexylacrylate, 30 ppm of Dow Corning 200 fluid, 0.04% by weight of monoisopropanolamine, and 2% by weight of a polybutene having a number average molecular weight of 2000, and 1.8% by weight of a 4 cSt PAO into a 75W-90 synthetic base fluid having a kinematic viscosity of 17.7 cSt.
  • a lubricant is prepared by incorporating 3.5% of dinonyldiphenylamine, 1.1% of the product of Example B-4, 0.03% of a substituted imidiazoline from oleylamine, 0.1% oleylamide, 1.7% of the product of Example P-3, 4.6% of the product of Example S-1, 0.05% of a reaction product of C9 mercaptan and dimercaptodithiodiazole, 0.1% of a reaction product of heptylphenol, formaldehyde and dimercaptothiadiazole, 0.03% of TOLAD 370 available from Petrolite Chemical, 0.1% of a copolymer of methylacrylate and 2-ethylhexylacrylate, 30 ppm of Dow Corning 200 fluid, and 1.7% by weight of a 4 cSt PAO into a 75w-90 synthetic base fluid.
  • a 75W-90 lubricant is prepared by incorporating 3.5% of dinonyldiphenylamine, 1.2% of the product of Example B-4, 0.03% of a substituted imidiazoline from oleylamine, 0.1% oleylamide, 1.7% of the product of Example P-3, 4.6% of the product of Example S-1, 0.1% of a reaction product of C9 mercaptan and dimercaptodithiodiazole, 0.1% of a reaction product of heptylphenol, formaldehyde and dimercaptothiadiazole, 0.03% of TOLAD 370 available from Petrolite Chemical, 0.1% of a copolymer of methylacrylate and 2-ethylhexylacrylate, 0.5% by weight of a maleic anhydride-styrene copolymer esterified with C8 ⁇ 18 and C4 alcohols and post-treated with aminopropylmorpholine, 30 ppm of Dow Corning 200 fluid, 2.01% of diisodecylazel
  • a lubricating composition is prepared as described in Example L-1 except an SAE 10W30 base fluid is used in place of the SAE 75W-90 fluid.
  • a lubricant is prepared as described in Example L-3 except 3% of di-t-butylphenol is used in place of 3.5% of dinonyldiphenylamine.
  • a lubricant is prepared as described in Example L-4 except 1.6% of methylenebis(di-n-butyl dithiocarbamate) and 1.5% of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-hepthylphenol are used in place of dinonyldiphenylamine.
  • a lubricant is prepared as described in Example L-4 except 1.5% of the product of Example B-7(a) is used in place of the product of Example B-6(b).
  • Examples L-9 through L-14 are further examples of 75W-90 lubricating compositions using a 75W-90 syntheitic base fluid into which is incorporated the additives described in the following table.
  • the lubricants containing the antioxidant and the dispersant or detergent show improved oxidation stability as measured by extended (e.g. 300 hours) L-60 Thermal Oxidation Stability Test.
  • the method and apparatus are defined by CRC L-60 Thermal Stability test. Viscosity increase of the lubricants due to oxidation is minimized. Viscosity increase change is often below 100%. Further the viscosity increase is minimized while maintaining favorable carbon/varnish ratings.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
EP95302545A 1994-04-19 1995-04-18 Des compositions lubrifiantes ayant une résistance à l'oxidation améliorée contenant un agent dispersant et un antioxydant Revoked EP0678569B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US22948894A 1994-04-19 1994-04-19
US229488 1994-04-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0678569A2 true EP0678569A2 (fr) 1995-10-25
EP0678569A3 EP0678569A3 (fr) 1996-04-03
EP0678569B1 EP0678569B1 (fr) 2003-02-26

Family

ID=22861454

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95302545A Revoked EP0678569B1 (fr) 1994-04-19 1995-04-18 Des compositions lubrifiantes ayant une résistance à l'oxidation améliorée contenant un agent dispersant et un antioxydant

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0678569B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU706587B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2147238C (fr)
DE (1) DE69529695T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2194887T3 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA953079B (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0758016A1 (fr) * 1995-08-09 1997-02-12 Exxon Research and Engineering Company, (a Delaware corp.) Composition lubrifiante contenant une combinaison d'additifs anti-oxydants
EP0764715A1 (fr) * 1995-09-19 1997-03-26 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions additives pour lubrifiants et fluides fonctionnels
EP0764714A1 (fr) * 1995-09-19 1997-03-26 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions d'huile lubrifiante et de fluide fonctionnel à basse viscosité
WO1997014772A1 (fr) * 1995-10-18 1997-04-24 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Huiles lubrifiantes possedant une duree de friction amelioree
EP0786511A2 (fr) * 1996-01-16 1997-07-30 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions lubrifiantes
EP0790294A2 (fr) * 1996-01-16 1997-08-20 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions lubrifiantes
EP0812900A2 (fr) * 1996-06-12 1997-12-17 Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited Composition d'huile lubrifiante pour transmission automatique
WO2004046284A1 (fr) * 2002-11-14 2004-06-03 The Lubrizol Corporation Composition d'additifs pour fluide industriel
EP0712923B1 (fr) * 1994-11-15 2007-08-29 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubrifiants et fluides contenant des thiocarbamates et des esters phosphorés
US8168572B2 (en) 2007-04-25 2012-05-01 Dow Global Technologies Llc Lubricant blend composition
US8389449B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2013-03-05 Chevron Oronite Company Llc Gear oil having low copper corrosion properties
US9115237B2 (en) 2012-07-18 2015-08-25 Chevron Oronite Company Llc Viscosity improver grafted with unsaturated acylating agent and an aryloxyalylkene monoamine
WO2020038737A1 (fr) 2018-08-23 2020-02-27 Klueber Lubrication Muenchen Se & Co. Kg Composition de lubrifiant

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1042635A (en) * 1962-06-28 1966-09-14 Ethyl Corp Functional fluids
WO1986004601A1 (fr) * 1985-01-31 1986-08-14 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions contenant du soufre et additifs concentres et huiles lubrifiantes les contenant
WO1987005622A1 (fr) * 1986-03-18 1987-09-24 The Lubrizol Corporation Additifs a base de carbamate pour compositions lubrifiantes a faible teneur en phosphore ou exemptes de phosphore
EP0391651A2 (fr) * 1989-04-03 1990-10-10 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Compositions lubrifiantes donnant peu de cendres pour moteurs à combustion interne
WO1991013133A2 (fr) * 1990-02-23 1991-09-05 The Lubrizol Corporation Fluides fonctionnels a hautes temperatures
EP0609623A1 (fr) * 1992-12-21 1994-08-10 Oronite Japan Limited Compositions d'huile pour moteur contenant peu de phosphore, et compositions d'additifs

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1042635A (en) * 1962-06-28 1966-09-14 Ethyl Corp Functional fluids
WO1986004601A1 (fr) * 1985-01-31 1986-08-14 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions contenant du soufre et additifs concentres et huiles lubrifiantes les contenant
WO1987005622A1 (fr) * 1986-03-18 1987-09-24 The Lubrizol Corporation Additifs a base de carbamate pour compositions lubrifiantes a faible teneur en phosphore ou exemptes de phosphore
EP0391651A2 (fr) * 1989-04-03 1990-10-10 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Compositions lubrifiantes donnant peu de cendres pour moteurs à combustion interne
WO1991013133A2 (fr) * 1990-02-23 1991-09-05 The Lubrizol Corporation Fluides fonctionnels a hautes temperatures
EP0609623A1 (fr) * 1992-12-21 1994-08-10 Oronite Japan Limited Compositions d'huile pour moteur contenant peu de phosphore, et compositions d'additifs

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0712923B1 (fr) * 1994-11-15 2007-08-29 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubrifiants et fluides contenant des thiocarbamates et des esters phosphorés
EP0758016A1 (fr) * 1995-08-09 1997-02-12 Exxon Research and Engineering Company, (a Delaware corp.) Composition lubrifiante contenant une combinaison d'additifs anti-oxydants
EP0764715A1 (fr) * 1995-09-19 1997-03-26 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions additives pour lubrifiants et fluides fonctionnels
EP0764714A1 (fr) * 1995-09-19 1997-03-26 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions d'huile lubrifiante et de fluide fonctionnel à basse viscosité
US5840662A (en) * 1995-10-18 1998-11-24 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lubricating oils of improved friction durability
WO1997014772A1 (fr) * 1995-10-18 1997-04-24 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Huiles lubrifiantes possedant une duree de friction amelioree
EP0790294A2 (fr) * 1996-01-16 1997-08-20 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions lubrifiantes
EP0786511A2 (fr) * 1996-01-16 1997-07-30 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions lubrifiantes
EP0790294A3 (fr) * 1996-01-16 1997-08-27 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions lubrifiantes
US5883057A (en) * 1996-01-16 1999-03-16 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricating compositions
EP0786511A3 (fr) * 1996-01-16 1997-08-27 Lubrizol Corp
EP0812900A2 (fr) * 1996-06-12 1997-12-17 Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited Composition d'huile lubrifiante pour transmission automatique
EP0812900A3 (fr) * 1996-06-12 1998-04-15 Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited Composition d'huile lubrifiante pour transmission automatique
US5972854A (en) * 1996-06-12 1999-10-26 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission
WO2004046284A1 (fr) * 2002-11-14 2004-06-03 The Lubrizol Corporation Composition d'additifs pour fluide industriel
US8389449B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2013-03-05 Chevron Oronite Company Llc Gear oil having low copper corrosion properties
US8536102B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2013-09-17 Chevron Oronite Company Llc Gear oil having low copper corrosion properties
US8168572B2 (en) 2007-04-25 2012-05-01 Dow Global Technologies Llc Lubricant blend composition
US9115237B2 (en) 2012-07-18 2015-08-25 Chevron Oronite Company Llc Viscosity improver grafted with unsaturated acylating agent and an aryloxyalylkene monoamine
WO2020038737A1 (fr) 2018-08-23 2020-02-27 Klueber Lubrication Muenchen Se & Co. Kg Composition de lubrifiant
US11248188B2 (en) 2018-08-23 2022-02-15 Klueber Lubrication Muenchen Se & Co. Kg Lubricant composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2147238C (fr) 2009-10-06
DE69529695D1 (de) 2003-04-03
CA2147238A1 (fr) 1995-10-20
ZA953079B (en) 1996-01-05
AU706587B2 (en) 1999-06-17
EP0678569B1 (fr) 2003-02-26
DE69529695T2 (de) 2003-12-18
AU1638595A (en) 1995-10-26
ES2194887T3 (es) 2003-12-01
EP0678569A3 (fr) 1996-04-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20090325830A1 (en) Lubricating compositions with improved oxidation resistance containing a dispersant and an antioxidant
CA2194952C (fr) Compositions lubrifiantes
US6872693B2 (en) Mineral gear oils and transmission fluids
EP0646639B1 (fr) Compositions lubrifiantes
US5883057A (en) Lubricating compositions
US6362136B1 (en) Compositions for extending seal life, and lubricants and functional fluids containing the same
EP1490460B1 (fr) Compositions lubrifiantes presentant des proprietes de desemulsion et une stabilite thermique avantageuses
EP0695798B1 (fr) Composition lubrifiantes concentrés, et les graises contenant la combinaison d'une composé organique polysulphure et d'une composition surbasique ou un composé de phosphore ou de bore
US20030092585A1 (en) Lubricating compositions and concentrates containing an antiwear amount of a thiadiazole
WO2000023543A1 (fr) Compositions lubrifiantes presentant une stabilite thermique et une efficacite de glissement ameliorees
AU702409B2 (en) The combination of a sulfur compound and specific phosphorus compounds and their use in lubricating compositions, concentrates and greases
EP0604232A1 (fr) Lubrifants, fluides fonctionnels et compositions de graisse contenant des sels métalliques surbasiques sulfités ou sulfatés
EP0748862B1 (fr) Des compositions lubrifiantes, des fluides fonctionnels et des graisses contenant des esters thiophosphoriques avec un groupe oxyalkylène ou leurs sels, et leurs procédés d'utilisation
EP0678569B1 (fr) Des compositions lubrifiantes ayant une résistance à l'oxidation améliorée contenant un agent dispersant et un antioxydant
US5968880A (en) Lubricating compositions, functional fluids and greases containing thiophosphorus esters or their salts with a oxyalkylene group, and methods of using the same
MXPA97000401A (en) Lubrican compositions
AU5827199A (en) Lubricating compositions, concentrates, and greases containing the combination of an organic polysulfide and an overbased composition or a phosphorus or boron compound

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): BE DE ES FR GB IT SE

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): BE DE ES FR GB IT SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19961002

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19970117

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): BE DE ES FR GB IT SE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69529695

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20030403

Kind code of ref document: P

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: TRGR

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBQ Unpublished change to opponent data

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OPPO

PLBI Opposition filed

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260

PLBQ Unpublished change to opponent data

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OPPO

26 Opposition filed

Opponent name: INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LTD.

Effective date: 20031126

Opponent name: EXXON MOBIL RESEARCH & ENGINEERING COMPANY

Effective date: 20031125

PLAX Notice of opposition and request to file observation + time limit sent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS2

PLAX Notice of opposition and request to file observation + time limit sent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS2

PLBB Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition received

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS3

RDAF Communication despatched that patent is revoked

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNREV1

RIC2 Information provided on ipc code assigned after grant

Ipc: C10M 141/00 20060101ALI20060306BHEP

Ipc: C10M 163/00 20060101ALI20060306BHEP

Ipc: C10M 141/12 20060101AFI20060306BHEP

APBP Date of receipt of notice of appeal recorded

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNNOA2O

APAH Appeal reference modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNO

APBQ Date of receipt of statement of grounds of appeal recorded

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNNOA3O

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20080428

Year of fee payment: 14

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20080602

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20080527

Year of fee payment: 14

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20080429

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20080429

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20080417

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20080429

Year of fee payment: 14

APBU Appeal procedure closed

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNNOA9O

RDAG Patent revoked

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009271

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: PATENT REVOKED

27W Patent revoked

Effective date: 20090204

GBPR Gb: patent revoked under art. 102 of the ep convention designating the uk as contracting state

Effective date: 20090204

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: ECNC