EP0674039A2 - Process for coating textiles - Google Patents

Process for coating textiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0674039A2
EP0674039A2 EP95103402A EP95103402A EP0674039A2 EP 0674039 A2 EP0674039 A2 EP 0674039A2 EP 95103402 A EP95103402 A EP 95103402A EP 95103402 A EP95103402 A EP 95103402A EP 0674039 A2 EP0674039 A2 EP 0674039A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acid
weight
parts
und
bis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP95103402A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0674039A3 (en
Inventor
Harro Dr. Träubel
Martin Dipl.-Ing. Reiner
Rolf Langel
Hans-Albert Dipl.-Ing. Ehlert
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Bayer AG
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Bayer AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0674039A2 publication Critical patent/EP0674039A2/en
Publication of EP0674039A3 publication Critical patent/EP0674039A3/en
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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06NWALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/04Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06N3/042Acrylic polymers
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06NWALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0056Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
    • D06N3/0061Organic fillers or organic fibrous fillers, e.g. ground leather waste, wood bark, cork powder, vegetable flour; Other organic compounding ingredients; Post-treatment with organic compounds
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06NWALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/04Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06NWALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/04Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06N3/045Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with polyolefin or polystyrene (co-)polymers
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06NWALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/04Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06N3/06Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with polyvinylchloride or its copolymerisation products
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06NWALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/12Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
    • D06N3/14Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2762Coated or impregnated natural fiber fabric [e.g., cotton, wool, silk, linen, etc.]
    • Y10T442/277Coated or impregnated cellulosic fiber fabric
    • Y10T442/282Coating or impregnation contains natural gum, rosin, natural oil, or wax
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2861Coated or impregnated synthetic organic fiber fabric

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of coated textile fabrics with the aqueous dispersion of an organic binder in the presence of certain additives.
  • coating in the sense of the invention includes a binding, which presupposes a complete impregnation of the textile fabric with the binder dispersion.
  • coated textile fabrics e.g. Leatherette
  • the coating agent is applied to the substrate in one or more layers - either in the direct coating process or after the transfer process.
  • the coated textile fabrics can be used for the production of outer clothing, shoe upper material and lining, baggage and upholstery material, tent fabrics, tarpaulins, conveyor belts etc.
  • the undesirable sticking of fiber crossing points can be avoided if the textile fabric is treated with aqueous dispersions of organic binders and then coagulated.
  • the coated textile fabrics produced in this way are distinguished by increased tensile strength and greater softness.
  • the object of the invention was therefore to provide a process for textile coating without the disadvantages described, according to which a product of high quality is obtained with the aid of an aqueous dispersion with the lowest possible organic solvent content without using salt baths.
  • the object of the invention can be achieved by using an aqueous binder dispersion based on at least one polymer in the presence of certain additives.
  • Textile fabrics in the sense of the present invention are understood to mean, for example, fabrics, knitted fabrics, bound and unbound nonwovens.
  • the textile fabrics can be constructed from synthetic and / or natural fibers. Basically, textiles made of any fibers are suitable for the method according to the invention.
  • Suitable polymeric binders A include, for example, polybutadienes, polyacrylates, polyurethanes, polyvinyl acetates and vinyl chloride / vinyl acetate copolymers.
  • polybutadienes A comprise polymers of optionally substituted butadienes having 4 to 9 carbon atoms per molecule, such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-dimethylbutadiene-1,3, 2-neopentylbutadiene-1,3, chloroprene, 2 Cyanobutadiene-1,3 and mixtures thereof (1,3-butadiene is particularly preferred).
  • Examples of ⁇ , ⁇ -monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids (1) include: acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic, fumaric and maleic acids and monoesters of these dicarboxylic acids with 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alcohol component, such as e.g. Monoalkyl itaconate, fumarate and maleate.
  • Suitable vinyl aromatics (2b) are those in which the vinyl group is bonded directly to a core consisting of 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • examples include: styrene and substituted styrenes such as 4-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, 4-isopropylstyrene, 4-chlorostyrene, 2,4-dichlorostyrene, divinylbenzene, ⁇ -methylstyrene and vinylnaphthalene.
  • Styrene is the preferred monomer (2b).
  • Up to 25 parts by weight of the monomers (2) can be replaced by one or more copolymerizable monomers, in particular by (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, Isobutyl and 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, mono- and diesters made from alkane diols and ⁇ , ⁇ -monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids such as ethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, propylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate , Butanediol-1,4-di (meth) acrylate, amides ⁇ , ⁇ -monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids such as acrylamide and methacrylamide and their N-methylol compounds and N-
  • Monomers bearing sulfonic acid groups such as, for example, styrene sulfonic acid, (meth) allylsulfonic acid or their water-soluble salts, are also suitable.
  • Other comonomers that can be used are vinyl esters of carboxylic acids having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, in particular vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate, vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ketones such as vinyl ethyl ketone and heterocyclic monovinyl compounds such as vinyl pyridine.
  • Polyacrylates A in the context of the invention comprise polymers based on monomers which consist wholly or partly of acrylic and / or methacrylic acid C1-C12 alkyl esters.
  • Preferred polyacrylates A have a number average molecular weight of 500 to 2000, preferably 500 to 1600, and hardness (Shore A) of 11 to 99, preferably 20 to 80, in particular 20 to 60.
  • Preferred amounts for the individual monomer groups are 10 to 100 wt .-% (a), optionally 0.5 to 20 wt .-% (b), optionally 1 to 30% by weight (c), if appropriate 0 to 60 wt .-% (d) and optionally 0 to 50% by weight (s), the percentages in each case refer to the sum of the monomers polymerized into the polyacrylate A.
  • polyurethanes within the meaning of the invention also includes polyurethane ureas and polyureas.
  • the polyurethanes A) can be produced in a manner known per se in the melt or - preferably - in an organic solvent.
  • polyisocyanates of the formula Q (NCO) 2 can be used, Q being an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 25 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 15 carbon atoms or one araliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 7 to 15 carbon atoms.
  • diisocyanates examples include tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate (Isophorone diisocyanate), 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane, 4,4'-diisocyanato-3,3'-dimethyldicyclohexylmethane, 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylpropane- (2,2), 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene, 2,4- or 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene or mixtures of these isomers, 4,4'-, 2,4'- or 2,2'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane or mixtures of the isomers, 4,4'-
  • polyfunctional polyisocyanates known per se in polyurethane chemistry, or else modified polyisocyanates containing, for example, carbodiimide groups, allophanate groups, isocyanurate groups, urethane groups and / or biuret groups.
  • the most suitable reaction partners for the polyisocyanates are polyhydroxyl compounds which have 2 to 8, preferably 2 or 3, hydroxyl groups per molecule and have an (average) molecular weight of up to 5,000, preferably up to 2,500. Both low molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds with molecular weights of 32 to 349 and higher molecular weight polyhydroxy compounds with average molecular weights of at least 350, preferably of at least 1000, are suitable.
  • Higher molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds include the hydroxypolyesters, hydroxypolyethers, hydroxypolythioethers, hydroxypolyacetals, hydroxypolycarbonates and / or hydroxypolyesteramides known per se in polyurethane chemistry, preferably those with average molecular weights from 600 to 4000, particularly preferably those with average molecular weights from 800 to 2500.
  • Polycarbonate polyols, polyether polyols and polyester polyols are particularly preferred.
  • Components suitable for the construction of the polyurethanes A) for the introduction of polyethylene oxide units include homopolyethylene glycols and hydroxyl-terminated ethylene oxide mixed polyethers (preferably ethylene oxide / propylene oxide mixed ethers) with block or statistical distribution, preferably polyether carbonates and polyether esters based on the above-mentioned homopolyethylene glycols, Ethylene oxide mixed polyethers or their mixtures with other polycarbonate or polyester-forming polyhydroxyl compounds.
  • the optimal amount of the polyethylene oxide units in the polyurethane A) depends somewhat on the sequence length and follows the rule that the amount may be somewhat higher for a short sequence length and the amount may be slightly lower for a high sequence length: While for a sequence length of 2 the If the content of the polyurethane A) in these polyethylene oxide units can be, for example, up to 50% by weight, it is advisable to limit the content of the polyurethane A) in these polyethylene oxide units to 20% by weight with a sequence length of more than 20%.
  • monofunctional polyethylene oxide alcohols ie ethoxylated monohydric alcohols or ethoxylated phenols
  • monofunctional polyethylene oxide alcohols can also be incorporated in the polyurethane A in amounts of 0.2 to 5% by weight, based on polyurethane A.
  • the proportion of such monofunctional polyethylene oxide units in polyurethane A should not exceed 30, preferably 20, in particular 10,% by weight, based on the amount of the total polyethylene oxide units installed. The best results can be obtained by completely dispensing with the installation of monofunctional polyethylene oxide units.
  • Starting components for the polyurethanes A), which provide polyethylene oxide units, include above all 2 or 3 hydroxyl-containing ethylene oxide polyethers and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide mixed polyethers with a predominant proportion by weight of ethylene oxide units. Pure ethylene oxide polyethers are preferred.
  • average molecular weights in the sense of the invention means certain number average molecular weights.
  • the compounds which are used in addition to the components which provide polyethylene oxide units can be selected from the compounds which are customary in polyurethane chemistry and are capable of reacting with isocyanate groups.
  • polyhydroxyl components which are suitable as polyurethane structural components but do not contain any polyethylene oxide units.
  • the suitable polycarbonates containing hydroxyl groups can be obtained by reaction of carbonic acid derivatives, e.g. Diphenyl carbonate or phosgene, available with diols.
  • diols are e.g. Ethylene glycol, propanediol 1,2 and 1,3, butanediol 1,4 and 1,3, hexanediol 1,6, octanediol 1,8, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-bishydroxymethylcyclohexane, 2-methyl-1, 3-propanediol, 2,2,4-trimethylpentanediol-1,3, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, dibutylene glycol, polybutylene glycols, bisphenol A, tetrabromobisphenol A in question.
  • the diol component preferably contains 40 to 100% by weight of hexanediol, preferably 1,6-hexanediol, and / or hexanediol derivatives, preferably those which, in addition to terminal OH groups, have ether or ester groups, e.g. Products obtained by reacting 1 mole of hexanediol with at least 1 mole, preferably 1 to 2 moles of caprolactone according to DE-AS 17 70 245, or by etherifying hexanediol with itself to give di- or trihexylene glycol. The preparation of such derivatives is e.g. known from DE-AS 1 570 540.
  • the polyether polycarbonate diols described in DE-OS 37 17 060 can also be used very well.
  • the hydroxyl polycarbonates are said to be substantially linear. If desired, however, they can easily be branched by incorporating polyfunctional components, in particular low molecular weight polyols.
  • polyfunctional components in particular low molecular weight polyols.
  • glycerin, trimethylolpropane, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, quinite, mannitol and sorbitol, methylglycoside, 1,4,3,6-dianhydrohexite are suitable for this purpose.
  • Suitable polyether polyols are the polyethers known per se in polyurethane chemistry, such as e.g. the addition or mixed addition compounds of tetrahydrofuran, styrene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxides or epichlorohydrin, especially propylene oxide, produced using divalent starter molecules such as water, the above-mentioned diols or amines having 2 NH bonds.
  • Suitable polyester polyols are, for example, reaction products of polyhydric, preferably dihydric and optionally additionally trihydric alcohols with polyvalent, preferably dihydric, carboxylic acids.
  • the corresponding polycarboxylic acid anhydrides or corresponding polycarboxylic acid esters of lower alcohols or mixtures thereof can also be used to produce the polyesters.
  • the polycarboxylic acids can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and / or heterocyclic in nature and optionally substituted, for example by halogen atoms, and / or unsaturated.
  • Examples include: Succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, Endomethylentetrahydrophthalcic Acidanhyrid, glutaric anhydride, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, dimeric and trimeric fatty acids such as oleic acid, optionally mixed with monomeric fatty acids, terephthalic acid dimethyl ester, Terephthalic acid bis-glycol ester.
  • polyhydric alcohols are e.g. Ethylene glycol, propanediol- (1,2) and - (1,3), butanediol- (1,4) and - (2,3), hexanediol- (1,6), octanediol- (1,8), neopentylglycol, Cyclohexanedimethanol (1,4-bis-hydroxymethyl-cyclohexane), 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, hexanetriol- (1,2,6), butanetriol- (1,2,4), trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol , Quinite, mannitol and sorbitol, methyl glycoside, also diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol and polybutylene glycol in question.
  • Further structural components for the production of the polyurethanes A) are, in particular, chain extenders with molecular weights from 32 to 299 and having 1-4 hydroxyl and / or amino groups.
  • polyamines can also be used as chain extenders. These are preferably aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diamines, although trifunctional or higher-functional polyamines can optionally also be used to achieve a certain degree of branching.
  • suitable aliphatic polyamines are ethylenediamine, 1,2-propylenediamine and 1,3, tetramethylenediamine-1,4, hexamethylenediamine-1,6, the mixture of isomers of 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, 2-methyl-pentamethylenediamine and bis- ( ⁇ -aminoethyl) amine (Diethylene triamine).
  • Suitable cycloaliphatic polyamines are: Araliphatic polyamines, such as 1,3- and 1,4-xylylenediamine or ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ '-tetramethyl-1,3- and -1,4-xylylenediamine, can also be used as chain extenders for the preparation of the polyurethanes A ) deploy.
  • Hydrazine, hydrazine hydrate and substituted hydrazines such as, for example, are also to be considered as diamines in the sense of the invention
  • Ionic groups for the polyurethanes A) include the alkali and ammonium carboxylate and sulfonate groups and ammonium groups.
  • Dimethylolpropionic acid ethylenediamine- ⁇ -ethylsulfonic acid, ethylenediamine-propyl- or butylsulfonic acid, 1,2- or 1,3-propylenediamine- ⁇ -ethylsulfonic acid, lysine, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid and their alkali and / or ammonium salts; the adduct of sodium bisulfite with butene-2-diol-1,4.
  • Examples of (potentially) cationic structural components are diols having tertiary amino groups, such as e.g. N-methyl-diethanolamine or their protonation or alkylation products.
  • cationic and / or anionic hydrophilic can be used as built-in components for introducing the ionic groups into the polyurethanes
  • difunctional structural components such as (potentially) dihydroxyl compounds, diamines or diisocyanates containing ionic groups.
  • Suitable polyurethanes A are described for example in DE-PS 22 31 411 and 26 51 506.
  • such polyurethanes A are used which contain both built-in polyethoxy groups and ionic groups, these polyurethanes A in particular terminal polyalkylene oxide chains with an ethoxy group content of 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on polyurethane A, and 0 , 1 to 15 milliequivalents of ammonium, sulfonium, carboxylate and / or sulfonate groups per 100 g of polyurethane A.
  • Particularly preferred binders A are polyacrylates and polyurethanes and mixtures thereof.
  • the additives B (i) include fats, oils and waxes of vegetable, animal and synthetic origin, preferably mixtures of fatty acids and sulfonated fatty acids, such as are produced in the technical sulfonation of triglycerides, claw oil, Turkish red oil, silicone oils, waxes and paraffins with softening points of 30 up to 120 ° C, preferably 40 to 100 ° C.
  • the cellulose provided as additive B (ii) is preferably used as a powder.
  • the aqueous binder dispersions to be used according to the invention generally contain 10 to 66 parts by weight (A + B) and an amount of water which makes up to 100 parts by weight.
  • crosslinking additives which do not react with themselves or the binder A) until the finished coating, as a rule as a result of the action of heat.
  • These compounds include (partially) etherified melamine formaldehyde resins, e.g. Hexamethylol melamine, and optionally blocked polyisocyanates with 3 or more isocyanate groups, e.g. based on tris [isocyanatohexyl] isocyanurate and tris [isocyanatohexyl] biuret, polyepoxides and polyaziridines.
  • Polyisocyanates suitable as crosslinkers are described, for example, in DE-OS 41 36 618, and polyepoxides suitable as crosslinkers in DE-OS 42 17 716.
  • crosslinking agents can generally be used in amounts of up to 10 parts by weight, preferably up to 5 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of binder dispersion to be used according to the invention.
  • the binders to be used according to the invention can of course also contain colorants such as pigments and / or carbon blacks.
  • the pigments can be used in a form customary in textile coating or in leather finishing are, preferably as aqueous binder-containing pigment preparations, as described for example in DE-OS 32 03 817 and 41 12 327. Depending on the desired degree of coverage, 5 to 50, preferably 12 to 25 parts by weight of aqueous pigment preparation can be used per 100 parts by weight of binder dispersion to be used according to the invention.
  • coated textile fabrics obtained according to the invention can also be subsequently dyed using known methods.
  • the application of the binder dispersions to be used according to the invention can e.g. by pouring, spraying, dipping, with a squeegee or roller or in a foulard.
  • the binder is dried after application, preferably at temperatures of 60 to 150 ° C., preferably 80 to 120 ° C.
  • the substrate provided with the binder dispersion to be used according to the invention can also be predried to 20 to 50% residual moisture and then a top coat, preferably based on the polyacrylates or polyurethanes described under A, can be applied in a direct or reverse process.
  • the textile fabrics coated on one or both sides can be sanded afterwards and are then particularly soft. It can also be advantageous to dry the substrate coated with the binder dispersion to be used according to the invention directly, without intensive predrying, for example with a tenter dryer. Mechanical treatment in a tumbler also increases softness.
  • ®Acrafix MF Crosslinker based on N-methylolmethylinelamine from Bayer AG
  • Leverkusen ®Arbocol BE 600-30 cellulose powder from Rettenmeier and Sons
  • Ellwangen-Holzmühle ®Baygard 40140 Textile auxiliaries based on PU for water and oil repellent finishing from Bayer AG
  • Leverkusen ®Baypret UPS auxiliaries for felt-free finishing of wool
  • Leverkusen Emulsifier VA Emulsifier based on polyether from Bayer AG
  • Leverkusen ®Euderm Grund 25 A 40% aqueous dispersion of a polyacrylate with a Shore A hardness of 25; Manufacturer: Bayer AG, Leverkusen ®Euderm Nappasoft S: aqueous
  • a mixture is produced from 50 parts EUDERM Grund 25 A, 50 parts IMPRANIL-Dispersion DLP, 20 parts water and 30 parts EUDERM Nappasoft S, 30 parts ARBOCEL BE 600-30, 2 parts ACRAFIX MF and 1 part MIROX AM of 5600 mPa.s.
  • An air knife (2 mm knife spacing) is used to coat a cotton fabric roughened on one side on both sides. Recording: 45 g / qm It is first dried at 80 ° C. for 2 to 3 minutes and then at 150 ° C. for 2 minutes (in order to crosslink).
  • Example 1 A sample from the fabric produced in Example 1 was dyed with 2.2% LEVAFIX brilliant red E-4BA at 50 ° C. in the exhaust process. This created a bright red, evenly colored pattern.
  • example 2nd 3rd 4th 5 Compare 6 Tle. Tle. Tle. Tle. Tle. IMPRANIL DLV 50 50 50 50 50 EUDERM reason 25A 50 50 50 50 50 50 Arbocel BE 600-30 20th 20th 20th 20th 50 water 20th 20th 20th 0 90 EUDERM Nappasoft S 30th 0 0 0 0 EUDERM Soft FD 7927 0 30th 0 0 0 EUDERM Soft Filler VF 0 0 30th 0 0 PERSOFTAL ASN 0 0 0 60 60 BAYGARD 40140 0 0 0 3rd 3rd Mirox AM; 25% in water + ammonia adjusted to pH 9 3rd 2.5 1 3.5 0 Emulsifier VA, 50% in water 0 0 0 0 3rd Product intake g / qm 114 115 111 108 109
  • Substrate cotton fabric roughened on one side: one line each Air knife; 1 dash; Drying 3 minutes / 80 ° C + 2 minutes / 150 ° C; Sanded once with 320 paper Then coat as follows: Top line: IMPRANIL dispersion DLV 700 parts IMPRANIL dispersion DLF 300 parts RESPUMIT 3300 (1: 2 dissolved in toluene) 3 parts EUDERM White D-CG 80 parts EUDERM Red B 50 parts Mirox AM (25% in water with ammonia adjusted to pH 9) 25 parts PERSOFTAL SWA 50 parts
  • the coated samples of Examples 2 to 5 were smooth and withstood 100,000 bends in the Bally Flexometer (according to IUP 20).
  • Example 12 The pattern of Example 12 was unusable.
  • a fabric made of fine polyester fiber was treated as in Example 1. This fabric was given an opaque, soft surface.

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Abstract

Mit wäßrigen Dispersionen von A. organischem Bindemittel, B(i) Fett, Öl und/oder Wachs und B(ii) Cellulose lassen sich textile Flächengebilde binden bzw. beschichten. Man erhält auf diese Weise besonders weiche Produkte.Textile fabrics can be bound or coated with aqueous dispersions of A. organic binder, B (i) fat, oil and / or wax and B (ii) cellulose. In this way, particularly soft products are obtained.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von beschichteten textilen Flächengebilden mit der wäßrigen Dispersion eines organischen Bindemittels in Gegenwart bestimmter Zusätze.The invention relates to a process for the production of coated textile fabrics with the aqueous dispersion of an organic binder in the presence of certain additives.

Der Ausdruck "Beschichtung" im Sinne der Erfindung schließt ein Binden, das eine vollständige Tränkung des textilen Flächengebildes mit der Bindemitteldispersion voraussetzt, ein.The term "coating" in the sense of the invention includes a binding, which presupposes a complete impregnation of the textile fabric with the binder dispersion.

Die Herstellung von beschichteten textilen Flächengebilden, wie z.B. Kunstleder, ist seit langem bekannt. Dabei wird das Beschichtungsmittel ein- oder mehrschichtig auf das Substrat aufgebracht - entweder im Direktbeschichtungsverfahren oder nach dem Transferverfahren. Die beschichteten textilen Flächengebilde lassen sich für die Herstellung von Oberbekleidung, Schuhobermaterial und -futter, Täschner- und Polstermaterial, Zeltstoffen, Planen, Transportbändern etc. einsetzen.The production of coated textile fabrics, e.g. Leatherette has been known for a long time. The coating agent is applied to the substrate in one or more layers - either in the direct coating process or after the transfer process. The coated textile fabrics can be used for the production of outer clothing, shoe upper material and lining, baggage and upholstery material, tent fabrics, tarpaulins, conveyor belts etc.

Bei der Herstellung von qualitativ hochwertigen beschichteten textilen Flächengebilden spielen u.a. Flexibilität, Zugfestigkeit und Weichheit eine entscheidende Rolle. Steife Flächengebilde werden wegen mangelnden Komforts vom Kunden abgelehnt.In the production of high-quality coated textile fabrics, among other things, Flexibility, tensile strength and softness play a crucial role. Rigid fabrics are rejected by the customer due to a lack of comfort.

Es hat sich als wichtig herausgestellt, daß bei der Herstellung von flexiblen beschichteten textilen Flächengebilden eine Verklebung von Faserkreuzungspunkten vermieden wird, weil andernfalls die Flexibilität verlorengeht und die Gefahr besteht, daß der Verbund zwischen Textilfasern und Binder bei Biegebeanspruchung zerstört wird.It has turned out to be important that in the production of flexible coated textile fabrics, gluing of fiber crossing points is avoided, because otherwise the flexibility is lost and there is a risk of that the bond between textile fibers and binder is destroyed under bending stress.

Das unerwünschte Verkleben von Faserkreuzungspunkten kann vermieden werden, wenn man das textile Flächengebilde mit wäßrigen Dispersionen organischer Bindemittel behandelt und diese dann koaguliert. Die so hergestellten beschichteten textilen Flächengebilde zeichnen sich durch erhöhte Zugfestigkeit und größere Weichheit aus.The undesirable sticking of fiber crossing points can be avoided if the textile fabric is treated with aqueous dispersions of organic binders and then coagulated. The coated textile fabrics produced in this way are distinguished by increased tensile strength and greater softness.

Es gibt verschiedene Koagulationsmethoden; die wesentlichen sind die folgenden:

  • die Badkoagulation, wobei man das Substrat mit einem in einem organischen Lösungsmittel (z.B. DMF, DMSO, THF) gelösten Binder beschichtet und das so erhaltene Produkt durch ein Bad aus einem mit dem Lösungsmittel mischbaren Nichtlöser (z.B. Wasser) führt; die Koagulation erfolgt aufgrund der Extraktion des Lösungsmittels durch den Nichtlöser;
  • die Verdampfungskoagulation, die auf der Verwendung eines flüchtigen Lösungsmittels und eines weniger flüchtigen Nichtlösers für das Bindemittel beruht; beim schonenden Erwärmen verdampft bevorzugt das Lösungsmittel, so daß der Binder durch den stetig steigenden Anteil an Nichtlöser koaguliert;
  • die Salzkoagulalion, wobei man das beschichtete Substrat in eine konzentrierte Salzlösung bringt und durch den hohen Elektrolytgehalt das Bindemittel koaguliert, also quasi "aussalzt";
  • die Präpolymerisatmethode, wonach man ein Isocyanat-Präpolymerisat-beschichtetes Substrat in Wasser taucht, worauf dann unter CO₂-Abspaltung ein Polyharnstoff in poriger Struktur anfällt; und
  • die für warmesensibel eingestellte Bindemittel mögliche Koagulation durch Temperaturerhöhung.
There are different methods of coagulation; the main ones are the following:
  • bath coagulation, the substrate being coated with a binder dissolved in an organic solvent (for example DMF, DMSO, THF) and the product thus obtained being passed through a bath of a non-solvent which is miscible with the solvent (for example water); the coagulation takes place due to the extraction of the solvent by the non-solvent;
  • evaporation coagulation based on the use of a volatile solvent and a less volatile non-solvent for the binder; in the case of gentle heating, the solvent preferably evaporates, so that the binder coagulates due to the continuously increasing proportion of non-solvent;
  • the salt coagulal ion, whereby the coated substrate is brought into a concentrated salt solution and the binder is coagulated by the high electrolyte content, that is to say "salted out";
  • the prepolymer method, after which an isocyanate prepolymer-coated substrate is immersed in water, whereupon a polyurea is obtained in a porous structure with elimination of CO₂; and
  • the possible coagulation for heat-sensitive binders by increasing the temperature.

Die genannten Methoden erfordern entweder lange Zeiten bis zur vollständigen Entfernung der Lösungsmittel, erheblichen Aufwand zur Trennung und Rückgewinnung von Lösungsmittel und Nichtlöser, die Beseitigung von Salzfrachtbeladenen Abwässern oder sie führen nicht in jedem Fall zu qualitativ akzeptablen Ergebnissen.The methods mentioned either require long times to completely remove the solvents, considerable effort for the separation and recovery of solvents and non-solvents, the removal of salt-laden wastewater or they do not always lead to qualitatively acceptable results.

Aufgabe der Erfindung war also die Bereitstellung eines Verfahrens zur Textilbeschichtung ohne die geschilderten Nachteile, wonach man mit Hilfe einer wäßrigen Dispersion mit einem möglichst geringen Gehalt an organischem Lösungsmittel ohne Verwendung von Salzbädern zu einem Produkt hoher Qualität kommt.The object of the invention was therefore to provide a process for textile coating without the disadvantages described, according to which a product of high quality is obtained with the aid of an aqueous dispersion with the lowest possible organic solvent content without using salt baths.

Überraschenderweise haben wir gefunden, daß sich die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe durch die Verwendung einer wäßrigen Bindemitteldispersion auf Basis mindestens eines Polymeren in Gegenwart bestimmter Zusätze lösen läßt.Surprisingly, we have found that the object of the invention can be achieved by using an aqueous binder dispersion based on at least one polymer in the presence of certain additives.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist also ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von beschichteten textilen Flächengebilden unter Verwendung einer lösungsmittelarmen wäßrigen Bindemitteldispersion enthaltend

  • A. 100 Gew.-Teile polymeres Bindemittel (berechnet als Feststoff) und
  • B. Zusätze enthaltend pro 100 Gew.-Teile A:
    • (i) 3 bis 12 Gew.-Teile Fett, Öl und/oder Wachs und
    • (ii) 50 bis 100 Gew.-Teile Cellulose.
The invention thus relates to a process for the production of coated textile fabrics using a low-solvent aqueous binder dispersion comprising
  • A. 100 parts by weight of polymeric binder (calculated as a solid) and
  • B. Additives per 100 parts by weight of A:
    • (i) 3 to 12 parts by weight of fat, oil and / or wax and
    • (ii) 50 to 100 parts by weight of cellulose.

Unter textilen Flächengebilden im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind beispielsweise Gewebe, Gewirke, gebundene und ungebundene Vliese zu verstehen. Die textilen Flächengebilde können aus synthetischen und/oder natürlichen Fasern aufgebaut sein. Grundsätzlich sind Textilien aus beliebigen Fasern für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren geeignet.Textile fabrics in the sense of the present invention are understood to mean, for example, fabrics, knitted fabrics, bound and unbound nonwovens. The textile fabrics can be constructed from synthetic and / or natural fibers. Basically, textiles made of any fibers are suitable for the method according to the invention.

Geeignete polymere Bindemittel A umfassen z.B. Polybutadiene, Polyacrylate, Polyurethane, Polyvinylacetate und Vinylchlorid/Vinylacetat-Copolymerisate.Suitable polymeric binders A include, for example, polybutadienes, polyacrylates, polyurethanes, polyvinyl acetates and vinyl chloride / vinyl acetate copolymers.

Polybutadiene A im Sinne dieser Erfindung umfassen Polymerisate gegebenenfalls substituierter Butadiene mit 4 bis 9 C-Atomen pro Molekül wie Butadien-1,3, Isopren, 2,3-Dimethylbutadien-1,3, 2-Neopentylbutadien-1,3, Chloropren, 2-Cyanobutadien-1,3 und deren Mischungen (Butadien-1,3 ist besonders bevorzugt).For the purposes of this invention, polybutadienes A comprise polymers of optionally substituted butadienes having 4 to 9 carbon atoms per molecule, such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-dimethylbutadiene-1,3, 2-neopentylbutadiene-1,3, chloroprene, 2 Cyanobutadiene-1,3 and mixtures thereof (1,3-butadiene is particularly preferred).

Besonders bevorzugte Polybutadiene A sind Polymerisate aus

  • (1) 1 bis 10 Gew.-Teilen einer oder mehrerer α,β-monoethylenisch ungesättigter aliphatischer Carbonsäuren mit 2 bis 12 C-Atomen und
  • (2) 90 bis 99 Gew.-Teilen eines Gemisches aus
    • a) 10 bis 90 Gew.-Teilen, vorzugsweise 30 bis 70 Gew.-Teilen gegebenenfalls substituierten Butadiens und
    • b) 10 bis 90 Gew.-Teilen, vorzugsweise 30 bis 70 Gew.-Teilen eines oder mehrerer Vinylaromaten mit 8 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen und/oder (Meth)Acrylnitril, wobei die Menge an (Meth)Acrylnitril im Gemisch maximal 50 Gew.-Teile beträgt.
Particularly preferred polybutadienes A are polymers made from
  • (1) 1 to 10 parts by weight of one or more α, β-monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and
  • (2) 90 to 99 parts by weight of a mixture
    • a) 10 to 90 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 70 parts by weight of optionally substituted butadiene and
    • b) 10 to 90 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 70 parts by weight, of one or more vinyl aromatics having 8 to 12 carbon atoms and / or (meth) acrylonitrile, the amount of (meth) acrylonitrile in the mixture not exceeding 50 parts by weight. Parts is.

Als α,β-monoethylenisch ungesättigte Mono- und Dicarbonsäure (1) seien beispielsweise genannt: Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Itacon-, Fumar- und Maleinsäure sowie Monoester dieser Dicarbonsäuren mit 1 bis 8 C-Atomen in der Alkoholkomponente, wie z.B. Monoalkylitaconat, -fumarat und -maleat.Examples of α, β-monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids (1) include: acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic, fumaric and maleic acids and monoesters of these dicarboxylic acids with 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alcohol component, such as e.g. Monoalkyl itaconate, fumarate and maleate.

Geeignete Vinylaromaten (2b) sind solche, bei denen die Vinylgruppe direkt an einen aus 6 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen bestehenden Kern gebunden ist. Beispielhaft seien genannt: Styrol und substituierte Styrole wie 4-Methylstyrol, 3-Methylstyrol, 2,4-Dimethylstyrol, 4-Isopropylstyrol, 4-Chlorstyrol, 2,4-Dichlorstyrol, Divinylbenzol, α-Methylstyrol und Vinylnaphthalin. Styrol ist das bevorzugte Monomere (2b).Suitable vinyl aromatics (2b) are those in which the vinyl group is bonded directly to a core consisting of 6 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples include: styrene and substituted styrenes such as 4-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, 4-isopropylstyrene, 4-chlorostyrene, 2,4-dichlorostyrene, divinylbenzene, α-methylstyrene and vinylnaphthalene. Styrene is the preferred monomer (2b).

Bis zu 25 Gew.-Teile der Monomeren (2) können durch eines oder mehrere copolymerisierbare Monomere ersetzt werden, insbesondere durch (Meth)Acrylsäurealkylester, wie beispielsweise Methyl-, Ethyl-, n-Propyl, Isopropyl, n-Butyl-, Isobutyl- und 2-Ethylhexyl-(meth)acrylat, Mono- und Diester aus Alkandiolen und α,β-monoethylenisch ungesättigten Monocarbonsäuren wie Ethylenglykol-mono(meth)acrylat, Propylenglykol-mono(meth)acrylat, Ethylenglykol-di(meth)acrylat, Butandiol-1,4-di(meth)acrylat, Amide α,β-monoethylenisch ungesättigter Mono- und Dicarbonsäuren wie Acrylamid und Methacrylamid und deren N-Methylolverbindungen sowie N-Alkoxymethyl- und N-Acyl-(meth)acrylamide mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen in den Alkylgruppen, z.B. N-Methoxymethyl(meth)acrylamid, N-n-Butoxymethyl(meth)acrylamid und N-Acetoxymethyl-(meth)acrylamid. Ferner eignen sich Sulfonsäuregruppen tragende Monomere wie z.B. Styrolsulfonsäure, (Meth)allylsulfonsäure bzw. deren wasserlösliche Salze. Als weitere Comonomere kommen Vinylester von Carbonsäuren mit 1 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen in Betracht, insbesondere Vinylacetat und Vinylpropionat, Vinylchlorid und Vinylidenchlorid, Vinylether wie Vinylmethylether, Vinylketone wie Vinylethylketon und heterocyclische Monovinylverbindungen wie Vinylpyridin.Up to 25 parts by weight of the monomers (2) can be replaced by one or more copolymerizable monomers, in particular by (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, Isobutyl and 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, mono- and diesters made from alkane diols and α, β-monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids such as ethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, propylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate , Butanediol-1,4-di (meth) acrylate, amides α, β-monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids such as acrylamide and methacrylamide and their N-methylol compounds and N-alkoxymethyl and N-acyl- (meth) acrylamides with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl groups, for example N-methoxymethyl (meth) acrylamide, Nn-butoxymethyl (meth) acrylamide and N-acetoxymethyl- (meth) acrylamide. Monomers bearing sulfonic acid groups, such as, for example, styrene sulfonic acid, (meth) allylsulfonic acid or their water-soluble salts, are also suitable. Other comonomers that can be used are vinyl esters of carboxylic acids having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, in particular vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate, vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ketones such as vinyl ethyl ketone and heterocyclic monovinyl compounds such as vinyl pyridine.

Polyacrylate A im Sinne der Erfindung umfassen Polymerisate auf Basis von Monomeren, die ganz oder teilweise aus Acrylsäure- und/oder Methacrylsäure-C₁-C₁₂-alkylestern bestehen. Bevorzugte Polyacrylate A besitzen als Zahlenmittel bestimmte mittlere Molekulargewichte von 500 bis 2000, vorzugsweise 500 bis 1600, und Härten (Shore A) von 11 bis 99, vorzugsweise 20 bis 80, insbesondere 20 bis 60.Polyacrylates A in the context of the invention comprise polymers based on monomers which consist wholly or partly of acrylic and / or methacrylic acid C₁-C₁₂ alkyl esters. Preferred polyacrylates A have a number average molecular weight of 500 to 2000, preferably 500 to 1600, and hardness (Shore A) of 11 to 99, preferably 20 to 80, in particular 20 to 60.

Bevorzugte Polyacrylate A sind Polymerisate aus

  • (a) Acrylsäure-C₁-C₁₂-alkylester und/oder Methacrylsäure-C₁-C₁₂-alkylester wie Methylacrylat, Ethylacrylat und -methacrylat, Butylacrylat und -methacrylat, 2-Ethylhexylacrylat und -methacrylat, gegebenenfalls
  • (b) α,β-monoethylenisch ungesättigte Mono- und/oder Dicarbonsäuren wie Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure und Maleinsäurehalbester mit bis zu 8 C-Atomen in der Alkoholkomponente, gegebenenfalls
  • (c) Acrylnitril, gegebenenfalls
  • (d) Methylmethacrylat, Styrol, durch Chlor oder C₁-C₄-Alkyl substituiertes Styrol wie α-Methylstyrol, o-Chlorstyrol, p-Chlorstyrol, o-, m- oder p-Methylstyrol, p-tert.-Butylstyrol und gegebenenfalls
  • (e) anderen Monomeren, wie z.B. Vinylacetat, Acrylamid, Methacrylamid, Hydroxy-C₂-C₄-alkylacrylat- und -methacrylat wie 2-Hydroxyethylacrylat und -methacrylat, 2-Hydroxypropylacrylat und -methacrylat, 2-Hydroxybutylacrylat und -methacrylat.
Preferred polyacrylates A are polymers of
  • (a) C₁-C₁₂ acrylic acid and / or C₁-C₁₂ methacrylic acid, such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and methacrylate, butyl acrylate and methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and methacrylate, if appropriate
  • (b) α, β-monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and / or dicarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and maleic acid semiesters with up to 8 carbon atoms in the alcohol component, if appropriate
  • (c) acrylonitrile, if necessary
  • (d) methyl methacrylate, styrene, styrene substituted by chlorine or C₁-C₄-alkyl, such as α-methylstyrene, o-chlorostyrene, p-chlorostyrene, o-, m- or p-methylstyrene, p-tert-butylstyrene and optionally
  • (e) other monomers, such as vinyl acetate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, hydroxy-C₂-C₄-alkyl acrylate and methacrylate such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate and methacrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl acrylate and methacrylate.

Bevorzugte Mengen für die einzelnen Monomergruppen sind
10 bis 100 Gew.-% (a), gegebenenfalls
0,5 bis 20 Gew.-% (b), gegebenenfalls
1 bis 30 Gew.-% (c), gegebenenfalls
0 bis 60 Gew.-% (d) und gegebenenfalls
0 bis 50 Gew.-% (e),
wobei sich die Prozentangaben jeweils auf die Summe der in das Polyacrylat A einpolymerisierten Monomeren beziehen.
Preferred amounts for the individual monomer groups are
10 to 100 wt .-% (a), optionally
0.5 to 20 wt .-% (b), optionally
1 to 30% by weight (c), if appropriate
0 to 60 wt .-% (d) and optionally
0 to 50% by weight (s),
the percentages in each case refer to the sum of the monomers polymerized into the polyacrylate A.

Solche und ähnliche Polyacrylate werden beispielsweise in den DE-OS'en 24 60 329 und 36 10 576 beschrieben.Such and similar polyacrylates are described, for example, in DE-OSs 24 60 329 and 36 10 576.

Der Begriff "Polyurethane" im Sinne der Erfindung umfaßt auch Polyurethanharnstoffe und Polyharnstoffe.The term "polyurethanes" within the meaning of the invention also includes polyurethane ureas and polyureas.

Die Polyurethane A) können auf an sich bekannte Weise in der Schmelze oder - vorzugsweise - in einem organischen Lösungsmittel hergestellt werden.The polyurethanes A) can be produced in a manner known per se in the melt or - preferably - in an organic solvent.

Für den Aufbau dieser Polyurethane A) können Polyisocyanate der Formel Q(NCO)₂ eingesetzt werden, wobei Q für einen aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 4 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, einen cycloaliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 6 bis 25 Kohlenstoffatomen, einen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 6 bis 15 Kohlenstoffatomen oder einen araliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 7 bis 15 Kohlenstoffatomen steht. Beispiele derartiger bevorzugt einzusetzender Diisocyanate sind Tetramethylendiisocyanat, Hexamethylendiisocyanat, Dodecamethylendiisocyanat, 1,4-Diisocyanato-cyclohexan, 3-Isocyanatomethyl-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylisocyanat (Isophorondiisocyanat), 4,4'-Diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethan, 4,4'-Diisocyanato-3,3'-dimethyl-dicyclohexylmethan, 4,4'-Diisocyanatodicyclohexylpropan-(2,2), 1,4-Diisocyanatobenzol, 2,4- oder 2,6-Diisocyanatotoluol bzw. Gemische dieser Isomeren, 4,4'-, 2,4'- oder 2,2'-Diisocyanatodiphenylmethan bzw. Gemische der Isomeren, 4,4'-Diisocyanatodiphenylpropan-(2,2), p-Xylylendiisocyanat und ∝,∝,∝',∝'-Tetramethyl-m- oder -p-xylylen-diisocyanat sowie aus diesen Verbindungen bestehende Gemische.For the construction of these polyurethanes A), polyisocyanates of the formula Q (NCO) ₂ can be used, Q being an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 25 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 15 carbon atoms or one araliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 7 to 15 carbon atoms. Examples of such preferred diisocyanates are tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate (Isophorone diisocyanate), 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane, 4,4'-diisocyanato-3,3'-dimethyldicyclohexylmethane, 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylpropane- (2,2), 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene, 2,4- or 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene or mixtures of these isomers, 4,4'-, 2,4'- or 2,2'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane or mixtures of the isomers, 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylpropane- (2,2), p -Xylylene diisocyanate and ∝, ∝, ∝ ', ∝'-tetramethyl-m- or -p-xylylene diisocyanate and mixtures consisting of these compounds.

Es ist selbstverständlich auch möglich, die in der Polyurethan-Chemie an sich bekannten höherfunktionellen Polyisocyanate oder auch an sich bekannte modifizierte, beispielsweise Carbodiimidgruppen, Allophanatgruppen, Isocyanuratgruppen, Urethangruppen und/oder Biuretgruppen aufweisende Polyisocyanate (mit)zuverwenden.It is of course also possible to use the polyfunctional polyisocyanates known per se in polyurethane chemistry, or else modified polyisocyanates containing, for example, carbodiimide groups, allophanate groups, isocyanurate groups, urethane groups and / or biuret groups.

Als Reaktionspartner für die Polyisocyanate kommen vor allem Polyhydroxylverbindungen in Frage, die pro Molekül 2 bis 8, vorzugsweise 2 oder 3 Hydroxylgruppen aufweisen und ein (mittleres) Molekulargewicht von bis zu 5 000, vorzugsweise bis zu 2 500, aufweisen. Dabei kommen sowohl niedermolekulare Polyhydroxylverbindungen mit Molekulargewichten von 32 bis 349 als auch höhermolekulare Polyhydroxylverbindungen mit mittleren Molekulargewichten von mindestens 350, vorzugsweise von mindestens 1000, in Betracht.The most suitable reaction partners for the polyisocyanates are polyhydroxyl compounds which have 2 to 8, preferably 2 or 3, hydroxyl groups per molecule and have an (average) molecular weight of up to 5,000, preferably up to 2,500. Both low molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds with molecular weights of 32 to 349 and higher molecular weight polyhydroxy compounds with average molecular weights of at least 350, preferably of at least 1000, are suitable.

Höhermolekulare Polyhydroxylverbindungen umfassen die in der Polyurethanchemie an sich bekannten Hydroxypolyester, Hydroxypolyether, Hydroxypolythioether, Hydroxypolyacetale, Hydroxypolycarbonate und/oder Hydroxypolyesteramide, vorzugsweise solche mit mittleren Molekulargewichten von 600 bis 4000, besonders bevorzugt solche mit mittleren Molekulargewichten von 800 bis 2500. Polycarbonatpolyole, Polyetherpolyole und Polyesterpolyole sind besonders bevorzugt.Higher molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds include the hydroxypolyesters, hydroxypolyethers, hydroxypolythioethers, hydroxypolyacetals, hydroxypolycarbonates and / or hydroxypolyesteramides known per se in polyurethane chemistry, preferably those with average molecular weights from 600 to 4000, particularly preferably those with average molecular weights from 800 to 2500. Polycarbonate polyols, polyether polyols and polyester polyols are particularly preferred.

Für den Aufbau der Polyurethane A) geeignete Komponenten zur Einführung von Polyethylenoxideinheiten umfassen Homopolyethylenglykole und Hydroxylendgruppen aufweisende Ethylenoxid-Mischpolyether (vorzugsweise Ethylenoxid/Propylenoxid-Mischether) mit Block- oder statistischer Verteilung, vorzugsweise Polyethercarbonate und Polyetherester auf Basis der obengenannten Homopolyethylenglykole, Ethylenoxid-Mischpolyether oder deren Mischungen mit anderen Polycarbonat- bzw. Polyester-bildenden Polyhydroxylverbindungen.Components suitable for the construction of the polyurethanes A) for the introduction of polyethylene oxide units include homopolyethylene glycols and hydroxyl-terminated ethylene oxide mixed polyethers (preferably ethylene oxide / propylene oxide mixed ethers) with block or statistical distribution, preferably polyether carbonates and polyether esters based on the above-mentioned homopolyethylene glycols, Ethylene oxide mixed polyethers or their mixtures with other polycarbonate or polyester-forming polyhydroxyl compounds.

Die optimale Menge der Polyethylenoxid-Einheiten im Polyurethan A) hängt etwas von der Sequenzlänge ab und folgt der Regel, daß bei kurzer Sequenzlänge die Menge etwas höher sein darf und bei hoher Sequenzlänge die Menge etwas niedriger sein kann: Während bei einer Sequenzlänge von 2 der Gehalt des Polyurethans A) an diesen Polyethylenoxideinheiten beispielsweise bis zu 50 Gew.-% betragen kann, ist es empfehlenswert, bei einer Sequenzlänge über 20 den Gehalt des Polyurethans A) an diesen Polyethylenoxideinheiten auf 20 Gew.-% zu begrenzen.The optimal amount of the polyethylene oxide units in the polyurethane A) depends somewhat on the sequence length and follows the rule that the amount may be somewhat higher for a short sequence length and the amount may be slightly lower for a high sequence length: While for a sequence length of 2 the If the content of the polyurethane A) in these polyethylene oxide units can be, for example, up to 50% by weight, it is advisable to limit the content of the polyurethane A) in these polyethylene oxide units to 20% by weight with a sequence length of more than 20%.

Zur Unterstützung der dispergierenden Wirkung können auch monofunktionelle Polyethylenoxidalkohole (also ethoxylierte einwertige Alkohole oder ethoxylierte Phenole) in Mengen von 0,2 bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf Polyurethan A, in das Polyurethan A eingebaut werden. Der Anteil solcher monofunktioneller Polyethylenoxideinheiten im Polyurethan A soll, gemessen an der Menge der gesamten eingebauten Polyethylenoxideinheiten, 30, vorzugsweise 20, insbesondere 10 Gew.-% nicht überschreiten. Die besten Ergebnisse erhält man, wenn man auf den Einbau monofunktioneller Polyethylenoxideinheiten völlig verzichtet.To support the dispersing action, monofunctional polyethylene oxide alcohols (ie ethoxylated monohydric alcohols or ethoxylated phenols) can also be incorporated in the polyurethane A in amounts of 0.2 to 5% by weight, based on polyurethane A. The proportion of such monofunctional polyethylene oxide units in polyurethane A should not exceed 30, preferably 20, in particular 10,% by weight, based on the amount of the total polyethylene oxide units installed. The best results can be obtained by completely dispensing with the installation of monofunctional polyethylene oxide units.

Ausgangskomponenten für die Polyurethane A), die Polyethylenoxideinheiten liefern, umfassen also vor allem 2 oder 3 Hydroxylgruppen aufweisende Ethylenoxid-Polyether und Ethylenoxid/Propylenoxid-Mischpolyether mit einem überwiegenden Gewichtsanteil an Ethylenoxideinheiten. Reine Ethylenoxid-Polyether sind bevorzugt.Starting components for the polyurethanes A), which provide polyethylene oxide units, include above all 2 or 3 hydroxyl-containing ethylene oxide polyethers and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide mixed polyethers with a predominant proportion by weight of ethylene oxide units. Pure ethylene oxide polyethers are preferred.

Der Begriff "mittlere Molekulargewichte" im Sinne der Erfindung bedeutet als Zahlenmittel bestimmte Molekulargewichte.The term “average molecular weights” in the sense of the invention means certain number average molecular weights.

Die Verbindungen, die neben den Komponenten eingesetzt werden, welche Polyethylenoxideinheiten liefern, können aus den in der Polyurethanchemie üblichen Verbindungen, die mit Isocyanatgruppen zu reagieren vermögen, ausgewählt werden.The compounds which are used in addition to the components which provide polyethylene oxide units can be selected from the compounds which are customary in polyurethane chemistry and are capable of reacting with isocyanate groups.

Im folgenden werden Polyhydroxylkomponenten beschrieben, die als Polyurethan-Aufbaukomponenten geeignet sind, aber keine Polyethylenoxideinheiten enthalten.The following describes polyhydroxyl components which are suitable as polyurethane structural components but do not contain any polyethylene oxide units.

Die in Frage kommenden Hydroxylgruppen aufweisenden Polycarbonate sind durch Reaktion von Kohlesäurederivaten, z.B. Diphenylcarbonat oder Phosgen, mit Diolen erhältlich. Als derartige Diole kommen z.B. Ethylenglykol, Propandiol-1,2 und -1,3, Butandiol-1,4 und -1,3, Hexandiol-1,6, Octandiol-1,8, Neopentylglykol, 1,4-Bishydroxymethylcyclohexan, 2-Methyl-1,3-propandiol, 2,2,4-Trimethylpentandiol-1,3, Dipropylenglykol, Polypropylenglykole, Dibutylenglykol, Polybutylenglykole, Bisphenol A, Tetrabrombisphenol A in Frage. Vorzugsweise enthält die Diolkomponente 40 bis 100 Gew.-% Hexandiol, vorzugsweise Hexandiol-1,6, und/oder Hexandiol-Derivate, vorzugsweise solche, die neben endständigen OH-Gruppen Ether- oder Estergruppen aufweisen, z.B. Produkte, die durch Umsetzung von 1 Mol Hexandiol mit mindestens 1 Mol, bevorzugt 1 bis 2 Mol Caprolacton gemäß DE-AS 17 70 245, oder durch Veretherung von Hexandiol mit sich selbst zum Di-oder Trihexylenglykol erhalten wurden. Die Herstellung solcher Derivate ist z.B. aus der DE-AS 1 570 540 bekannt. Auch die in der DE-OS 37 17 060 beschriebenen Polyether-Polycarbonatdiole können sehr gut eingesetzt werden.The suitable polycarbonates containing hydroxyl groups can be obtained by reaction of carbonic acid derivatives, e.g. Diphenyl carbonate or phosgene, available with diols. Such diols are e.g. Ethylene glycol, propanediol 1,2 and 1,3, butanediol 1,4 and 1,3, hexanediol 1,6, octanediol 1,8, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-bishydroxymethylcyclohexane, 2-methyl-1, 3-propanediol, 2,2,4-trimethylpentanediol-1,3, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, dibutylene glycol, polybutylene glycols, bisphenol A, tetrabromobisphenol A in question. The diol component preferably contains 40 to 100% by weight of hexanediol, preferably 1,6-hexanediol, and / or hexanediol derivatives, preferably those which, in addition to terminal OH groups, have ether or ester groups, e.g. Products obtained by reacting 1 mole of hexanediol with at least 1 mole, preferably 1 to 2 moles of caprolactone according to DE-AS 17 70 245, or by etherifying hexanediol with itself to give di- or trihexylene glycol. The preparation of such derivatives is e.g. known from DE-AS 1 570 540. The polyether polycarbonate diols described in DE-OS 37 17 060 can also be used very well.

Die Hydroxylpolycarbonate sollen im wesentlichen linear sein. Sie können jedoch gewünschtenfalls durch den Einbau polyfunktioneller Komponenten, insbesondere niedermolekularer Polyole, leicht verzweigt werden. Hierzu eignen sich beispielsweise Glycerin, Trimethylolpropan, Hexantriol-1,2,6, Butantriol-1,2,4, Trimethylolpropan, Pentaerythrit, Chinit, Mannit und Sorbit, Methylglykosid, 1,4,3,6-Dianhydrohexite.The hydroxyl polycarbonates are said to be substantially linear. If desired, however, they can easily be branched by incorporating polyfunctional components, in particular low molecular weight polyols. For example, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, quinite, mannitol and sorbitol, methylglycoside, 1,4,3,6-dianhydrohexite are suitable for this purpose.

Als Polyetherpolyole geeignet sind die in der Polyurethanchemie an sich bekannten Polyether, wie z.B. die unter Verwendung von zweiwertigen Startermolekülen, wie Wasser, den obengenannten Diolen oder 2 NH-Bindungen aufweisenden Aminen hergestellten Additions- bzw. Mischadditionsverbindungen des Tetrahydrofurans, Styroloxids, Propylenoxids, der Butylenoxide oder des Epichlorhydrins, insbesondere des Propylenoxids.Suitable polyether polyols are the polyethers known per se in polyurethane chemistry, such as e.g. the addition or mixed addition compounds of tetrahydrofuran, styrene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxides or epichlorohydrin, especially propylene oxide, produced using divalent starter molecules such as water, the above-mentioned diols or amines having 2 NH bonds.

Als Polyesterpolyole geeignet sind z.B. Umsetzungsprodukte von mehrwertigen, vorzugsweise zweiwertigen und gegebenenfalls zusätzlich dreiwertigen Alkoholen mit mehrwertigen, vorzugsweise zweiwertigen, Carbonsäuren. Anstelle der freien Polycarbonsäuren können auch die entsprechenden Polycarbonsäureanhydride oder entsprechende Polycarbonsäureester von niedrigen Alkoholen oder deren Gemische zur Herstellung der Polyester verwendet werden. Die Polycarbonsäuren können aliphatischer, cycloaliphatischer, aromatischer und/oder heterocyclischer Natur sein und gegebenenfalls, z.B. durch Halogenatome, substituiert und/oder ungesättigt sein.Suitable polyester polyols are, for example, reaction products of polyhydric, preferably dihydric and optionally additionally trihydric alcohols with polyvalent, preferably dihydric, carboxylic acids. Instead of the free polycarboxylic acids, the corresponding polycarboxylic acid anhydrides or corresponding polycarboxylic acid esters of lower alcohols or mixtures thereof can also be used to produce the polyesters. The polycarboxylic acids can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and / or heterocyclic in nature and optionally substituted, for example by halogen atoms, and / or unsaturated.

Als Beispiele hierfür seien genannt:
Bernsteinsäure, Adipinsäure, Korksäure, Azelainsäure, Sebacinsäure, Phthalsäure, Isophthalsäure, Trimellitsäure, Phthalsäureanhydrid, Tetrahydrophthalsäureanhydrid, Hexahydrophthalsäureanhydrid, Tetrachlorphthalsäureanhydrid, Endomethylentetrahydrophthalsäureanhyrid, Glutarsäureanhydrid, Maleinsäure, Maleinsäureanhydrid, Fumarsäure, dimere und trimere Fettsäuren wie Ölsäure, gegebenenfalls in Mischung mit monomeren Fettsäuren, Terephthalsäuredimethylester, Terephthalsäure-bis-glykolester.
Examples include:
Succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, Endomethylentetrahydrophthalsäureanhyrid, glutaric anhydride, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, dimeric and trimeric fatty acids such as oleic acid, optionally mixed with monomeric fatty acids, terephthalic acid dimethyl ester, Terephthalic acid bis-glycol ester.

Als mehrwertige Alkohole kommen z.B. Ethylenglykol, Propandiol-(1,2) und - (1,3), Butandiol-(1,4) und -(2,3), Hexandiol-(1,6), Octandiol-(1,8), Neopentylglykol, Cyclohexandimethanol (1,4-Bis-hydroxymethyl-cyclohexan), 2-Methyl-1,3-propandiol, Glycerin, Trimethylolpropan, Hexantriol-(1,2,6), Butantriol-(1,2,4), Trimethylolethan, Pentaerythrit, Chinit, Mannit und Sorbit, Methylglykosid, ferner Diethylenglykol, Triethylenglykol, Tetraethylenglykol, Dipropylenglykol, Dibutylenglykol und Polybutylenglykole in Frage.As polyhydric alcohols are e.g. Ethylene glycol, propanediol- (1,2) and - (1,3), butanediol- (1,4) and - (2,3), hexanediol- (1,6), octanediol- (1,8), neopentylglycol, Cyclohexanedimethanol (1,4-bis-hydroxymethyl-cyclohexane), 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, hexanetriol- (1,2,6), butanetriol- (1,2,4), trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol , Quinite, mannitol and sorbitol, methyl glycoside, also diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol and polybutylene glycol in question.

Besonders bevorzugt sind auch Mischungen der obengenannten Polyetherpolyole mit Polycarbonatpolyolen und/oder Polyesterpolyolen mit mittleren Molekulargewichten von 1000 bis 3000 aus Adipinsäure, Hexandiol-1,6 und Neopentylglykol.Mixtures of the abovementioned polyether polyols with polycarbonate polyols and / or polyester polyols having average molecular weights of 1000 to 3000 composed of adipic acid, 1,6-hexanediol and neopentyl glycol are also particularly preferred.

Als weitere Aufbaukomponenten zur Herstellung der Polyurethane A) kommen insbesondere Kettenverlängerer mit Molekulargewichten von 32 bis 299, die 1-4 Hydroxyl und/oder Aminogruppen aufweisen, in Betracht.Further structural components for the production of the polyurethanes A) are, in particular, chain extenders with molecular weights from 32 to 299 and having 1-4 hydroxyl and / or amino groups.

Niedermolekulare Polyhydroxylverbindungen ("Kettenverlängerungsmittel") umfassen die verschiedenartigsten Diole, wie beispielsweise

  • a) Alkandiole wie Ethylenglykol, Propandiol-1,2 und -1,3, Butandiol-1,4, Pentandiol-1,5, Dimethylpropandiol-1,3 und Hexandiol-1,6;
  • b) Etherdiole wie Diethylenglykol, Triethylenglykol oder Hydrochinondihydroxyethylether;
  • c) Esterdiole der allgemeinen Formeln



            HO-(CH₂)x-CO-O-(CH₂)y-OH



    und



            HO-(CH₂)x-O-CO-R-CO-O-(CH₂)x-OH



    in denen
    R
    einen Alkylen- bzw. Arylenrest mit 1 bis 10, vorzugsweise 2 bis 6, C-Atomen,
    x =
    2 bis 6 und
    y =
    3 bis 5
    bedeuten,
    z.B. δ-Hydroxybutyl-ε-hydroxy-capronsäureester, ω-Hydroxyhexyl-γ - hydroxybuttersäureester, Adipinsäure-(β-hydroxyethyl)ester und Terephthalsäure-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)ester.
Low molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds ("chain extenders") include a wide variety of diols, such as
  • a) alkanediols such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-and 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,3-dimethylpropanediol and 1,6-hexanediol;
  • b) ether diols such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol or hydroquinone dihydroxyethyl ether;
  • c) Ester diols of the general formulas



    HO- (CH₂) x -CO-O- (CH₂) y -OH



    and



    HO- (CH₂) x -O-CO-R-CO-O- (CH₂) x -OH



    in which
    R
    an alkylene or arylene radical having 1 to 10, preferably 2 to 6, carbon atoms,
    x =
    2 to 6 and
    y =
    3 to 5
    mean,
    eg δ-hydroxybutyl-ε-hydroxy-caproic acid ester, ω-hydroxyhexyl-γ - hydroxybutyric acid ester, adipic acid (β-hydroxyethyl) ester and terephthalic acid bis (β-hydroxyethyl) ester.

Jedoch können als Kettenverlängerer auch Polyamine verwendet werden. Hierbei handelt es sich vorzugsweise um aliphatische oder cycloaliphatische Diamine, obwohl gegebenenfalls auch tri- oder höherfunktionelle Polyamine zur Erzielung eines gewissen Verzweigungsgrades mitverwendet werden können. Beispiele geeigneter aliphatischer Polyamine sind Ethylendiamin, Propylendiamin-1,2 und -1,3, Tetramethylendiamin-1,4, Hexamethylendiamin-1,6, das Isomerengemisch von 2,2,4- und 2,4,4-Trimethylhexamethylendiamin, 2-Methyl-pentamethylendiamin und Bis-(β-aminoethyl)-amin (Diethylentriamin).However, polyamines can also be used as chain extenders. These are preferably aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diamines, although trifunctional or higher-functional polyamines can optionally also be used to achieve a certain degree of branching. Examples of suitable aliphatic polyamines are ethylenediamine, 1,2-propylenediamine and 1,3, tetramethylenediamine-1,4, hexamethylenediamine-1,6, the mixture of isomers of 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, 2-methyl-pentamethylenediamine and bis- (β-aminoethyl) amine (Diethylene triamine).

Beispiele geeigneter cycloaliphatischer Polyamine sind:

Figure imgb0001

Auch araliphatische Polyamine, wie z.B. 1,3- und 1,4-Xylylendiamin oder ∝,∝,∝',∝'-Tetramethyl-1,3- und -1,4-xylylendiamin lassen sich als Kettenverlängerungsmittel für die Herstellung der Polyurethane A) einsetzen.Examples of suitable cycloaliphatic polyamines are:
Figure imgb0001

Araliphatic polyamines, such as 1,3- and 1,4-xylylenediamine or ∝, ∝, ∝ ', ∝'-tetramethyl-1,3- and -1,4-xylylenediamine, can also be used as chain extenders for the preparation of the polyurethanes A ) deploy.

Als Diamine im Sinne der Erfindung sind auch Hydrazin, Hydrazinhydrat und substituierte Hydrazine zu betrachten, wie z.B.
Methylhydrazin, N,N'-Dimethylhydrazin und deren Homologe sowie Säuredihydrazlde, z.B. Carbodihydrazid, Oxalsäuredihydrazid, die Dihydrazlde von Malonsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Glutarsäure, Adipinsäure, β-Methyladipinsäure, Sebacinsäure, Hydracrylsäure und Terephthalsäure, Semicarbazido-alkylenhydrazide, wie z.B. β-Semicarbazido-propionsäurehydrazid (DE-OS 17 70 591), Semicarbazido-alkylencarbazinester, wie z.B. 2-Semicarbazidoethyl-carbazinester (DE-OS 19 18 504) oder auch Amino-semicarbazid-Verbindungen, wie z.B. β-Aminoethyl-semicarbazido-carbonat (DE-OS 19 02 931).
Hydrazine, hydrazine hydrate and substituted hydrazines such as, for example, are also to be considered as diamines in the sense of the invention
Methylhydrazine, N, N'-dimethylhydrazine and their homologues and acid dihydrazide, eg carbodihydrazide, oxalic acid dihydrazide, the dihydrazide of malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, such as semicarbazidic acid, such as alkerehydric acid, propionic acid hydrazide (DE-OS 17 70 591), semicarbazido-alkylene carbazinester, such as 2-semicarbazidoethyl-carbazinester (DE-OS 19 18 504) or also amino-semicarbazide compounds, such as, for example, β-aminoethyl-semicarbazido-carbonate (DE-OS 19 02 931).

Ionische Gruppen für die Polyurethane A) umfassen die Alkali- und Ammoniumcarboxylat- und -sulfonatgruppen sowie Ammoniumgruppen. Geeignete Einbaukomponenten für das Einbringen dieser Gruppen in die Polyurethane A) umfassen demzufolge z.B. Dihydroxycarbonsäuren, Diaminocarbonsäuren, Dihydroxysulfonsäuren sowie Diaminoalkylsulfonsäuren und ihre Salze wie z.B. Dimethylolpropionsäure, Ethylendiamin-β-ethylsulfonsäure, Ethylendiamin-propyl- oder -butylsulfonsäure, 1,2- oder 1,3-Propylendiamin-β-ethylsulfonsäure, Lysin, 3,5-Diaminobenzoesäure und deren Alkali- und/oder Ammoniumsalze; das Addukt von Natriumbisulfit an Buten-2-diol-1,4.Ionic groups for the polyurethanes A) include the alkali and ammonium carboxylate and sulfonate groups and ammonium groups. Suitable built-in components for introducing these groups into the polyurethanes A) accordingly include e.g. Dihydroxycarboxylic acids, diaminocarboxylic acids, dihydroxysulfonic acids and diaminoalkylsulfonic acids and their salts such as e.g. Dimethylolpropionic acid, ethylenediamine-β-ethylsulfonic acid, ethylenediamine-propyl- or butylsulfonic acid, 1,2- or 1,3-propylenediamine-β-ethylsulfonic acid, lysine, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid and their alkali and / or ammonium salts; the adduct of sodium bisulfite with butene-2-diol-1,4.

Zu den bevorzugten Einbaukomponenten für das Einbringen der ionischen Gruppen in die Polyurethane A) gehören insbesondere die Sulfonatgruppen aufweisenden aliphatischen Diole gemäß DE-OS 2 446 440 der Formel

Figure imgb0002

worin

R
Wasserstoff oder einen organischen Rest mit 1 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen,
m und n
Zahlen von 1 bis 10 und
Me
Ammonium oder das Kation eines Alkalimetalls bedeuten.
The preferred built-in components for introducing the ionic groups into the polyurethanes A) include in particular the sulfonate-containing aliphatic diols according to DE-OS 2 446 440 of the formula
Figure imgb0002

wherein
R
Hydrogen or an organic radical with 1 to 8 carbon atoms,
m and n
Numbers from 1 to 10 and
Me
Ammonium or the cation of an alkali metal.

Beispiele für (potentiell) kationische Aufbaukomponenten sind tertiäre Aminogruppen aufweisende Diole, wie z.B. N-Methyl-diethanolamin bzw. deren Protonierungs- oder Alkylierungsprodukte.Examples of (potentially) cationic structural components are diols having tertiary amino groups, such as e.g. N-methyl-diethanolamine or their protonation or alkylation products.

Ganz generell können als Einbaukomponenten für das Einbringen der ionischen Gruppen in die Polyurethane A) kationische und/oder anionische hydrophile difunktionelle Aufbaukomponenten der für die Herstellung von wäßrigen Polyurethandispersionen beschriebenen Art verwendet werden, wie beispielsweise (potentiell) ionische Gruppen aufweisende Dihydroxylverbindungen, -diamine oder -diisocyanate.In general, cationic and / or anionic hydrophilic can be used as built-in components for introducing the ionic groups into the polyurethanes A) difunctional structural components of the type described for the preparation of aqueous polyurethane dispersions are used, such as (potentially) dihydroxyl compounds, diamines or diisocyanates containing ionic groups.

Geeignete Polyurethane A sind beispielsweise in den DE-PS 22 31 411 und 26 51 506 beschrieben.Suitable polyurethanes A are described for example in DE-PS 22 31 411 and 26 51 506.

Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden solche Polyurethane A eingesetzt, die sowohl eingebaute Polyethoxygruppen als auch ionische Gruppen enthalten, wobei diese Polyurethane A insbesondere endständige Polyalkylenoxidketten mit einem Gehalt an Ethoxygruppen von 0,5 bis 10 Gew.-%, bezogen auf Polyurethan A, und 0,1 bis 15 Milliäquivalente Ammonium-, Sulfonium-, Carboxylat- und/oder Sulfonatgruppen pro 100 g Polyurethan A enthalten.According to a preferred embodiment, such polyurethanes A are used which contain both built-in polyethoxy groups and ionic groups, these polyurethanes A in particular terminal polyalkylene oxide chains with an ethoxy group content of 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on polyurethane A, and 0 , 1 to 15 milliequivalents of ammonium, sulfonium, carboxylate and / or sulfonate groups per 100 g of polyurethane A.

Als Bindemittel A besonders bevorzugt sind Polyacrylate und Polyurethane sowie deren Mischungen.Particularly preferred binders A are polyacrylates and polyurethanes and mixtures thereof.

Die Zusätze B (i) umfassen Fette, Öle und Wachse pflanzlicher, tierischer und synthetischer Herkunft, vorzugsweise Gemische von Fettsäuren und sulfonierten Fettsäuren, wie sie bei der technischen Sulfonierung von Triglyceriden entstehen, Klauenöl, Türkischrotöl, Siliconöle, Wachse und Paraffine mit Erweichungspunkten von 30 bis 120°C, vorzugsweise 40 bis 100°C.The additives B (i) include fats, oils and waxes of vegetable, animal and synthetic origin, preferably mixtures of fatty acids and sulfonated fatty acids, such as are produced in the technical sulfonation of triglycerides, claw oil, Turkish red oil, silicone oils, waxes and paraffins with softening points of 30 up to 120 ° C, preferably 40 to 100 ° C.

Die Zusätze (i) können in einer aus der Lederzurichtung bekannten Form eingesetzt werden, d.h. als wäßrige Zubereitung enthaltend - jeweils bezogen auf Zubereitung:

  • 5 bis 50 Gew.-% Komponente B (i),
  • 1 bis 50 Gew.-% Viskositätsregler (Verdicker) wie Montmorillonit, Bentonit, Polyacrylsäure, Polyethylenoxid, Kasein,
  • bis zu 30 Gew.-% Füllstoff bzw. Mattierungsmittel wie Kreide, Glimmer,
  • 1 bis 20 Gew.-% Emulgator, z.B. auf Basis neutralisierter Öl- und/oder Stearinsäure, Alkylpolyglykolether, Nonylphenolpolyethoxylate, Alkylalkoholpolyalkoxylate,
  • bis zu 80 Gew.-% organisches Bindemittel und
  • Wasser.
The additives (i) can be used in a form known from leather finishing, ie containing as an aqueous preparation - in each case based on the preparation:
  • 5 to 50% by weight of component B (i),
  • 1 to 50% by weight viscosity regulator (thickener) such as montmorillonite, bentonite, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene oxide, casein,
  • up to 30% by weight filler or matting agent such as chalk, mica,
  • 1 to 20% by weight of emulsifier, for example based on neutralized oleic and / or stearic acid, alkyl polyglycol ether, nonylphenol polyethoxylates, alkyl alcohol polyalkoxylates,
  • up to 80% by weight of organic binder and
  • Water.

Eine Zusammenstellung von Produkten, die als Zusätze verwendet werden können, findet man bei Karsten, Lackrohstofftabellen, 8. Aufl., Hannover 1987.A compilation of products that can be used as additives can be found at Karsten, Lackrohstoffabellen, 8th edition, Hanover 1987.

Die als Zusatz B(ii) vorgesehene Cellulose wird vorzugsweise als Pulver eingesetzt.The cellulose provided as additive B (ii) is preferably used as a powder.

Die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden wäßrigen Bindemitteldispersionen enthalten im allgemeinen 10 bis 66 Gew.-Teile (A+B) und eine auf 100 Gew.-Teile ergänzende Menge Wasser.The aqueous binder dispersions to be used according to the invention generally contain 10 to 66 parts by weight (A + B) and an amount of water which makes up to 100 parts by weight.

Ferner ist der Zusatz von vernetzenden Additiven möglich, die eine Reaktion mit sich selbst oder dem Bindemittel A) erst in der fertigen Beschichtung, in der Regel durch Hitzeeinwirkung, eingehen. Zu diesen Verbindungen gehören (teilweise) veretherte Melaminformaldehydharze, z.B. Hexamethylolmelamin, und gegebenenfalls blockierte Polyisocyanate mit 3 und mehr Isocyanatgruppen, z.B. auf Basis von Tris[isocyanatohexyl]isocyanurat und Tris[isocyanatohexyl]biuret, Polyepoxide und Polyaziridine. Als Vernetzer geeignete Polyisocyanate sind beispielsweise in der DE-OS 41 36 618, als Vernetzer geeignete Polyepoxide in der DE-OS 42 17 716 beschrieben.It is also possible to add crosslinking additives which do not react with themselves or the binder A) until the finished coating, as a rule as a result of the action of heat. These compounds include (partially) etherified melamine formaldehyde resins, e.g. Hexamethylol melamine, and optionally blocked polyisocyanates with 3 or more isocyanate groups, e.g. based on tris [isocyanatohexyl] isocyanurate and tris [isocyanatohexyl] biuret, polyepoxides and polyaziridines. Polyisocyanates suitable as crosslinkers are described, for example, in DE-OS 41 36 618, and polyepoxides suitable as crosslinkers in DE-OS 42 17 716.

Die Vernetzer können in der Regel in Mengen von bis zu 10 Gew.-Teilen, vorzugsweise bis zu 5 Gew.-Teilen pro 100 Gew.-Teile erfindungsgemäß zu verwendende Bindemitteldispersion eingesetzt werden.The crosslinking agents can generally be used in amounts of up to 10 parts by weight, preferably up to 5 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of binder dispersion to be used according to the invention.

Die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Bindemittel können selbstverständlich auch Farbgeber wie Pigmente und/oder Ruße enthalten. Die Pigmente können in einer in der Textilbeschichtung oder bei der Lederzurichtung üblichen Form eingesetzt werden, vorzugsweise also als wäßrige Bindemittel-haltige Pigmentzubereitungen, wie sie beispielsweise in den DE-OS 32 03 817 und 41 12 327 beschrieben werden. Pro 100 Gew.-Teile erfindungsgemäß zu verwendende Bindemitteldispersion können - je nach gewünschtem Deckungsgrad - 5 bis 50, vorzugsweise 12 bis 25 Gew.-Teile wäßrige Pigmentzubereitung eingesetzt werden.The binders to be used according to the invention can of course also contain colorants such as pigments and / or carbon blacks. The pigments can be used in a form customary in textile coating or in leather finishing are, preferably as aqueous binder-containing pigment preparations, as described for example in DE-OS 32 03 817 and 41 12 327. Depending on the desired degree of coverage, 5 to 50, preferably 12 to 25 parts by weight of aqueous pigment preparation can be used per 100 parts by weight of binder dispersion to be used according to the invention.

Die erfindungsgemäß erhaltenen beschichteten textilen Flächengebilde können auch nachträglich nach bekannten Methoden gefärbt werden.The coated textile fabrics obtained according to the invention can also be subsequently dyed using known methods.

Die Applikation der erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Bindemitteldispersionen kann z.B. durch Gießen, Sprühen, Tauchen, mit Rakel oder Walze oder im Foulard erfolgen.The application of the binder dispersions to be used according to the invention can e.g. by pouring, spraying, dipping, with a squeegee or roller or in a foulard.

Im allgemeinen wird nach dem Auftrag der Bindemitteldisersion getrocknet, vorzugsweise bei Temperaturen von 60 bis 150°C, vorzugsweise 80 bis 120°C. Man kann auch das mit der erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Bindemitteldispersion versehene Substrat bis auf 20 bis 50 % Restfeuchte vortrocknen und dann einen Deckstrich, vorzugsweise auf Basis der oben unter A beschriebenen Polyacrylate oder Polyurethane, im Direkt- oder im Umkehrverfahren aufbringen.In general, the binder is dried after application, preferably at temperatures of 60 to 150 ° C., preferably 80 to 120 ° C. The substrate provided with the binder dispersion to be used according to the invention can also be predried to 20 to 50% residual moisture and then a top coat, preferably based on the polyacrylates or polyurethanes described under A, can be applied in a direct or reverse process.

Die ein- oder beidseitig beschichteten textilen Flächengebilde können nachträglich angeschliffen werden und sind dann besonders weich. Es kann auch vorteilhaft sein, das mit der erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Bindemitteldispersion beschichtete Substrat ohne intensive Vortrocknung direkt zu trocknen, beispielsweise mit einem Spannrahmentrockner. Auch eine mechanische Behandlung in einem Tumbler erhöht die Weichheit.The textile fabrics coated on one or both sides can be sanded afterwards and are then particularly soft. It can also be advantageous to dry the substrate coated with the binder dispersion to be used according to the invention directly, without intensive predrying, for example with a tenter dryer. Mechanical treatment in a tumbler also increases softness.

Die Prozentangaben der nachfolgenden Beispiele beziehen sich jeweils auf das Gewicht; Teile sind Gewichtsteile.The percentages in the following examples relate to the weight; Parts are parts by weight.

BeispieleExamples

Verwendete Komponenten:
®Acrafix MF: Vernetzer auf N-Methylolmethylinelamin-Basis der Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Arbocol BE 600-30: Cellulosepulver der Fa. Rettenmeier und Söhne, Ellwangen-Holzmühle
®Baygard 40140: Textilhilfsmittel auf PU-Basis für wasser- und ölabweisende Ausrüstung der Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Baypret USV: Hilfsmittel zur Filzfreiausrüstung von Wolle, 30 %ige wäßrige Lösung eines Sulfit-blockierten Oligourethanisocyanats auf Polyetherbasis der Bayer AG, Leverkusen
Emulgator VA: Emulgator auf Polyetherbasis der Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Euderm Grund 25 A: 40 %ige wäßrige Dispersion eines Polyacrylats mit einer Shore A-Härte von 25; Hersteller: Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Euderm Nappasoft S: wäßriges Zurichtmittel auf Wachsbasis der Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Euderm Soft FD 7927: wäßriges Lederzurichtmittel auf Öl/Wachsbasis der Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Euderm Soft-Filler VF: wäßriges Lederzurichtmittel auf Siliconölbasis der Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Euderm Weiß D-CG: Pigmentpräparation der Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Euderm Rot B: Pigmentpräparation der Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Impranil-Dispersion DLP: 50 %ige wäßrige Dispersion eines aliphatischen Polyurethans mit einer Shore A-Härte von 58; Hersteller: Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Impranil-Dispersion DLF: 40 %ige wäßrige Dispersion eines aliphatischen Polyurethans mit einer Shore A-Härte von 95; Hersteller: Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Impranil-Dispersion DLV: 40 %ige wäßrige Dispersion eines aliphatischen Polyurethans der Shore A-Härte 65; Hersteller: Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Levafix Brillantrot E-4BA: roter Farbstoff der Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Mirox AM: Verdicker auf Polyacrylsäurebasis der Fa. Stockhausen GmbH, Krefeld
®Persoftal ASN: Weichmachungsmittel für Baumwolle, 30 %ige wäßrige Dispersion
®Persoftal SWA: Weichmachungsmittel für Baumwolle, 50 %ige wäßrige Dispersion eines Polyethersiloxans der Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Respumit 3300: Entschäumer auf Mineralölbasis der Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Rheolate 205: Verdicker auf Basis Polyetherpolyurethanharnstoff der Fa. Rheox Inc., Brüssel
Components used:
®Acrafix MF: Crosslinker based on N-methylolmethylinelamine from Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Arbocol BE 600-30: cellulose powder from Rettenmeier and Sons, Ellwangen-Holzmühle
®Baygard 40140: Textile auxiliaries based on PU for water and oil repellent finishing from Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Baypret UPS: auxiliaries for felt-free finishing of wool, 30% aqueous solution of a sulfite-blocked polyether-based oligourethane isocyanate from Bayer AG, Leverkusen
Emulsifier VA: Emulsifier based on polyether from Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Euderm Grund 25 A: 40% aqueous dispersion of a polyacrylate with a Shore A hardness of 25; Manufacturer: Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Euderm Nappasoft S: aqueous wax-based dressing agent from Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Euderm Soft FD 7927: aqueous oil / wax-based leather finishing agent from Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Euderm Soft-Filler VF: aqueous leather dressing agent based on silicone oil from Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Euderm Weiß D-CG: pigment preparation from Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Euderm Rot B: pigment preparation from Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Impranil dispersion DLP: 50% aqueous dispersion of an aliphatic polyurethane with a Shore A hardness of 58; Manufacturer: Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Impranil dispersion DLF: 40% aqueous dispersion of an aliphatic polyurethane with a Shore A hardness of 95; Manufacturer: Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Impranil dispersion DLV: 40% aqueous dispersion of an aliphatic polyurethane with Shore A hardness 65; Manufacturer: Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Levafix Brillantrot E-4BA: red dye from Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Mirox AM: Thickener based on polyacrylic acid from Stockhausen GmbH, Krefeld
®Persoftal ASN: plasticizer for cotton, 30% aqueous dispersion
®Persoftal SWA: plasticizer for cotton, 50% aqueous dispersion of a polyether siloxane from Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Respumit 3300: defoamer based on mineral oil from Bayer AG, Leverkusen
®Rheolate 205: Thickener based on polyether polyurethane urea from Rheox Inc., Brussels

Beispiel 1example 1

Aus 50 Teilen EUDERM Grund 25 A, 50 Teilen IMPRANIL-Dispersion DLP, 20 Teilen Wasser sowie 30 Teilen EUDERM Nappasoft S, 30 Teilen ARBOCEL BE 600-30, 2 Teilen ACRAFIX MF und 1 Teil MIROX AM wird eine Mischung hergestellt, die eine Viskosität von 5600 mPa.s aufweist. Mittels eines Luftrakels (Messeräbstand 2 mm) wird ein einseitig gerauhtes Baumwollgewebe beidseitig beschichtet.
Aufnahme: 45 g/qm
Man trocknet zunächst 2 bis 3 Minuten bei 80°C und anschließend 2 Minuten bei 150°C (um zu vernetzen).
A mixture is produced from 50 parts EUDERM Grund 25 A, 50 parts IMPRANIL-Dispersion DLP, 20 parts water and 30 parts EUDERM Nappasoft S, 30 parts ARBOCEL BE 600-30, 2 parts ACRAFIX MF and 1 part MIROX AM of 5600 mPa.s. An air knife (2 mm knife spacing) is used to coat a cotton fabric roughened on one side on both sides.
Recording: 45 g / qm
It is first dried at 80 ° C. for 2 to 3 minutes and then at 150 ° C. for 2 minutes (in order to crosslink).

Es entstand ein sich etwas rauh anfühlendes, aber gut gefülltes Gewebe. Sodann wurde das Gewebe beidseitig mit 320er Papier geschliffen. Das resultierende, gut gefüllte Substrat hatte einen runden Griff und fühlte sich sehr voll an.The result was a somewhat rough-feeling but well-filled fabric. Then the fabric was sanded on both sides with 320 paper. The resulting, well-filled substrate had a round handle and felt very full.

Ein Muster aus dem in Beispiel 1 hergestellten Gewebe wurde mit 2,2 % LEVAFIX-Brillantrot E-4BA bei 50°C im Ausziehverfahren gefärbt. Hierbei entstand ein leuchtendrot, gleichmäßig gefärbtes Muster.A sample from the fabric produced in Example 1 was dyed with 2.2% LEVAFIX brilliant red E-4BA at 50 ° C. in the exhaust process. This created a bright red, evenly colored pattern.

Beispiele 2 bis 7Examples 2 to 7

Beispielexample 22nd 33rd 44th 55 Vergl.6Compare 6 Tle.Tle. Tle.Tle. Tle.Tle. Tle.Tle. Tle.Tle. IMPRANIL DLVIMPRANIL DLV 5050 5050 5050 5050 5050 EUDERM Grund 25AEUDERM reason 25A 5050 5050 5050 5050 5050 Arbocel BE 600-30Arbocel BE 600-30 2020th 2020th 2020th 2020th 5050 Wasserwater 2020th 2020th 2020th 00 9090 EUDERM Nappasoft SEUDERM Nappasoft S 3030th 00 00 00 00 EUDERM Soft FD 7927EUDERM Soft FD 7927 00 3030th 00 00 00 EUDERM Soft Filler VFEUDERM Soft Filler VF 00 00 3030th 00 00 PERSOFTAL ASNPERSOFTAL ASN 00 00 00 6060 6060 BAYGARD 40140BAYGARD 40140 00 00 00 33rd 33rd Mirox AM; 25 %ig in Wasser + Ammoniak auf pH 9 gestelltMirox AM; 25% in water + ammonia adjusted to pH 9 33rd 2,52.5 11 3,53.5 00 Emulgator VA, 50 %ig in WasserEmulsifier VA, 50% in water 00 00 00 00 33rd Produktaufnahme g/qmProduct intake g / qm 114114 115115 111111 108108 109109

Substrat: einseitig gerauhtes Baumwollgewebe: jeweils ein Strich
Luftrakel; 1 Strich; Trocknung 3 Minuten/80°C + 2 Minuten/150°C; 1mal mit 320er Papier geschliffen
Anschließend beschichtet man folgendermaßen: Deckstrich: IMPRANIL-Dispersion DLV 700 Tle. IMPRANIL-Dispersion DLF 300 Tle. RESPUMIT 3300 (1:2 in Toluol gelöst) 3 Tle. EUDERM Weiß D-CG 80 Tle. EUDERM Rot B 50 Tle. Mirox AM (25 %ig in Wasser mit Ammoniak auf pH 9 gestellt) 25 Tle. PERSOFTAL SWA 50 Tle.
Substrate: cotton fabric roughened on one side: one line each
Air knife; 1 dash; Drying 3 minutes / 80 ° C + 2 minutes / 150 ° C; Sanded once with 320 paper
Then coat as follows: Top line: IMPRANIL dispersion DLV 700 parts IMPRANIL dispersion DLF 300 parts RESPUMIT 3300 (1: 2 dissolved in toluene) 3 parts EUDERM White D-CG 80 parts EUDERM Red B 50 parts Mirox AM (25% in water with ammonia adjusted to pH 9) 25 parts PERSOFTAL SWA 50 parts

Auflage: 24 g/qm (trocken); Trennpapier Warren AUC glatt matt Haftstrich IMPRANIL DLP Disp 1000 Tle. Rheolate 205, 5 %ig in Wasser 30 Tle. Edition: 24 g / qm (dry); Warren AUC release paper smooth matt Stick line IMPRANIL DLP Disp 1000 parts Rheolate 205, 5% in water 30 parts

Auflage: 20 g/qm
Die Dispersion nach Beispiel 6 war nicht verarbeitbar, beim Imprägnieren trat Entmischung auf.
Edition: 20 g / qm
The dispersion according to Example 6 could not be processed; segregation occurred during impregnation.

Die beschichteten Muster der Beispiele 2 bis 5 waren glatt und hielten 100 000 Biegungen im Bally-Flexometer (nach IUP 20) aus.The coated samples of Examples 2 to 5 were smooth and withstood 100,000 bends in the Bally Flexometer (according to IUP 20).

Beispiele 7 bis 13Examples 7 to 13 Ausrüstung auf dem Foulard; 2 x abgequetscht; Naßaufnahme 100 % Trocknung 3 Minuten/120°C + 3 Minuten/150°CEquipment on the foulard; 2 x squeezed; Wet absorption 100% drying 3 minutes / 120 ° C + 3 minutes / 150 ° C

77 88th 99 1010th Vergl. 11Cf. 11 Vergl. 12Cf. 12th Tle.Tle. Tle.Tle. Tle.Tle. Tle.Tle. Tle.Tle. Tle.Tle. IMPRANIL-Dispersion DLPIMPRANIL dispersion DLP 00 00 00 00 5050 5050 IMPRANIL-Dispersion-DLVIMPRANIL dispersion DLV 100100 100100 00 00 00 00 BAYPRET USVBAYPRET UPS 00 00 100100 100100 00 00 EUDERM Grund 25AEUDERM reason 25A 00 00 00 00 5050 5050 EUDERM Nappasoft SEUDERM Nappasoft S 3030th 00 3030th 00 3030th 00 PERSOFTAL ASNPERSOFTAL ASN 00 6060 00 6060 00 00 ARBOCEL BE 600-30ARBOCEL BE 600-30 2020th 2020th 2020th 2020th 00 00 BAYGARD 40140BAYGARD 40140 00 33rd 00 33rd 00 00 Wasserwater 3030th 3030th 3030th 3030th 00 00 (g/qm) Produktaufnahme (trocken)(g / qm) product intake (dry) 7474 6565 6060 7575 6868 7070 Beurteilung nach dem Trocknen und SchleifenAssessment after drying and grinding s. weich volls. soft full s. weich volls. soft full weich, vollsoft, full s. weich volls. soft full weniger weich, weniger vollless soft, less full leer, klapprigempty, rickety

Das Muster des Beispiels 12 war nicht brauchbar.The pattern of Example 12 was unusable.

Beispiel 14Example 14

Ein Gewebe aus Polyesterfeinstfaser wurde analog Beispiel 1 behandelt. Dieses Gewebe erhielt eine opake, weiche Oberfläche.A fabric made of fine polyester fiber was treated as in Example 1. This fabric was given an opaque, soft surface.

Claims (1)

Verfahren zur Herstellung von beschichteten textilen Flächengebilden unter Verwendung einer lösungsmittelarmen wäßrigen Bindemitteldispersion enthaltend A. 100 Gew.-Teile polymeres Bindemittel (berechnet als Feststoff) und B. Zusätze enthaltend pro 100 Gew.-Teile A: (i) 3 bis 12 Gew.-Teile Fett, Öl und/oder Wachs und (ii) 50 bis 100 Gew.-Teile Cellulose. Process for the production of coated textile fabrics using a low-solvent aqueous binder dispersion containing A. 100 parts by weight of polymeric binder (calculated as a solid) and B. Additives per 100 parts by weight of A: (i) 3 to 12 parts by weight of fat, oil and / or wax and (ii) 50 to 100 parts by weight of cellulose.
EP95103402A 1994-03-22 1995-03-09 Process for coating textiles Withdrawn EP0674039A3 (en)

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WO2016146437A1 (en) * 2015-03-16 2016-09-22 Cht R. Beitlich Gmbh Fluorine-free hydrophobization

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EP0674039A3 (en) 1999-11-24
US5518764A (en) 1996-05-21
JPH07292578A (en) 1995-11-07

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