EP0673321B1 - Gegen kopieren gesichertes dokument und verfahren zu seiner herstellung - Google Patents

Gegen kopieren gesichertes dokument und verfahren zu seiner herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0673321B1
EP0673321B1 EP94900659A EP94900659A EP0673321B1 EP 0673321 B1 EP0673321 B1 EP 0673321B1 EP 94900659 A EP94900659 A EP 94900659A EP 94900659 A EP94900659 A EP 94900659A EP 0673321 B1 EP0673321 B1 EP 0673321B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
document
carrier
light
interference grating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
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EP94900659A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0673321A1 (de
Inventor
Marc Salade
Jean J. Robillard
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BANQUE NATIONALE DE BELGIQUE SA
Original Assignee
BANQUE NATIONALE DE BELGIQUE SA
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Application filed by BANQUE NATIONALE DE BELGIQUE SA filed Critical BANQUE NATIONALE DE BELGIQUE SA
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to documents protected against reproduction by electrostatic photocopying.
  • the invention also relates to the methods of manufacturing such documents.
  • diffraction gratings These are thin films or diffraction gratings, holograms or the like, which have a certain variety of appearance depending on the angle of observation.
  • an underlying reflective layer contributes to improving the visibility of the effect in question.
  • GB-A-2 129 739 describes a document on which is arranged an area comprising a diffraction grating reproducing a hologram.
  • the diffraction grating is based on a metallic or metallized reflecting layer.
  • This area serves as a support for a graphic whose appearance changes according to the angle from which the document is viewed. This characteristic change makes it possible to visually authenticate the document.
  • GB-A-2 093 404 discloses a document protected in particular against counterfeiting by photocopying comprising authentication zones dated with a reflective layer with diffraction effect. This area is composed of a metallic or metallized substrate whose surface forms a raised network and a transparent protective layer.
  • the structure of the reflective layer is calculated so that a polychromatic ray striking said layer is reflected in the form of two separate and distinct light beams of contrasting colors.
  • EP-A-0 201 323 discloses a transparent hologram comprising a transparent hologram support layer, the surface of which has the form of a relief diffraction grating. This first support layer is applied to a second transparent layer having a refractive index different from that of the first layer. This superimposition has the effect of strengthening the image of the hologram.
  • This hologram can be placed on a printed document whose graphics remain visible despite the superimposition with the holographic image.
  • a first object of the invention is to obtain documents, such as paper money, which are impossible to reproduce by photocopying and which retain this characteristic in a lasting manner.
  • Another object of the invention is that the protection of these documents be, under normal light of a relative discretion and that it does not alter the readability of the underlying graphics.
  • Another object of the invention is to cause the appearance of permanent coloring defects which are easily identifiable on fraudulent copies of documents.
  • the configuration of the interference network is such that when the beam of polychromatic directed light is oriented towards said document, certain light wavelengths at least of this beam are reflected aberrantly by said interference network before reaching the support of this document; these reflected light wavelengths are returned directly in the normal direction of reflection of the beam, which coincides with the location of the image capture or return device, so that they generate in this direction an excess of 'illumination or saturation of the colors of these light wavelengths, thus causing the appearance of erratic light spots.
  • the configuration of the interference network is such that when a beam of polychromatic directed light is directed towards said document, this beam crosses said interference network undergoing negligible refraction and is reflected in a manner diffuses through the printed medium; at least part of the wavelengths reflected by the printed medium in the direction of the image capture or return device is deviated by an angle ⁇ from their normal path when these light wavelengths cross the network of interference, the angle ⁇ being large enough so that these wavelengths thus reflected do not reach the device for capturing or returning the image.
  • the surface of the printed support of the document advantageously comprises several interference networks capable of interfering with distinct light wavelengths.
  • It can also include several networks interference oriented differently from each other so that the light wavelengths with which these different networks are capable of interfering are oriented in different directions.
  • the interference network is capable of causing the transient appearance of a visual effect when the document is rotated in diffuse light.
  • Each of the two partial flows projected onto the layer of photopolymerizable material preferably forms with a line perpendicular to the photopolymerizable layer an angle of approximately 15 °, the partial flows forming between them an angle of approximately 30 °.
  • the interference network obtained generally has a minimum density of the order of 1000 lines / mm.
  • This interference network advantageously comprises several distinct zones capable of deflecting each a beam of light directed in different ways.
  • the affixing of the interference network on the support may include the transfer, with the interposition of a layer of adhesive material of a first and a second layer of transparent polymeric materials, the common face of these two layers having the form an interference interference network, integral with each other on the support with printed pattern.
  • An advantage of the process according to the invention is that it applies in principle to all the models of color photocopiers existing on the market and that the interference network to be affixed on documents to be protected can be, if necessary, modified to ensure sufficient degradation of the image of the document obtained in possible new models of photocopiers governed even by an entirely different optical configuration.
  • Another advantage is that the interference network used to protect documents is infinitely less complex than a conventional holographic image and that it is therefore much less sensitive to degradation than other methods using holograms.
  • Another advantage is that the interference network is not very visible under normal light, and therefore does not interfere with the visual examination of the printed characteristics of the document.
  • Another advantage is that the network is nevertheless easy to highlight for example, by a transient visual effect (such as the appearance of an iridescence or colored spots) appearing when it is rotated and can be used to authenticate the document.
  • a transient visual effect such as the appearance of an iridescence or colored spots
  • Another advantage is that the process can be applied to any document of which there can only be one "authentic" document (identity documents, titles, etc.).
  • the object of the invention is not to provide the document to be protected with a very locatable hologram (or similar) allowing the public to attest the authenticity of said document, but on the contrary to obtain a hologram of a relative discretion, on transparent basis and not altering the legibility of the underlying graphics. It is during reproduction, and in particular photocopying, necessarily using highly directional lighting, that the presence of the hologram is revealed, providing a permanent color task on the reproduction which disturbs the general appearance of the document. .
  • Fig. 1 shows an assembly diagram used for the realization by holography of an interference network as used in the invention.
  • This assembly allows to fix on a layer of light-curing material 1 the interference fringes of two light beams 2.3.
  • the photopolymerizable material (“photo-resist"), added with a solvent, is poured in a thin layer onto a glass support plate 4. After drying, a layer sensitive to light is obtained (between 340 and 500 nm), with a high degree of resolution (greater than 1500 lines / mm) and approximately 1 ⁇ m thick.
  • An interference network is obtained by exposing the sensitive surface 1 to two beams of light 2,3 obtained from a stream of coherent light emitted by a laser 5.
  • an ionized argon laser emitting a wavelength of 457.9 nm was used for a measured power of 75 mW.
  • the flux emitted by the laser 5 is directed onto a semi-transparent mirror 6 where it is divided into two partial flows 7, 8. These two partial flows 7.8 are made to converge using mirrors 9. Each partial flow 7 , 8 then passes through a spatial filter 10 and is spread out so as to illuminate the whole of the sensitive layer 1.
  • Each of the two streams 2,3 is projected onto the sensitive layer 1 at an angle of 15 ° relative to the perpendicular, the two streams form an angle of 30 ° between them.
  • each point of the sensitive layer therefore result two rays of coherent light which interfere with each other, and it is therefore their resultant which more or less impresses the layer 1 at this point.
  • Each point forms with the neighboring points having undergone a comparable illumination a kind of grid or grid of interference.
  • the layer After passing through a revealing bath, the layer indeed shows a fine network in relief of hollows and reservations.
  • the development time is calculated so as to give maximum contrast, which makes it possible to obtain a well-marked relief.
  • Holography is a practical and reliable method to obtain such an interference network but it is obvious that one can also use other methods such as numerical calculation, laser engraving etc.
  • the arrangement of the elements in this assembly makes it possible to achieve the desired result with very good efficiency for most of the photocopiers on the market at the time of filing the request.
  • the general configuration of these photocopiers does not fundamentally vary from one model to another.
  • one or more interference networks can be perfectly realized, if necessary on the same sensitive plate, in which the light fluxes reflected are concentrated or dispersed so as to degrade the reproduced image with the same efficiency.
  • Fig. 2 shows the various conventional phases for the manufacture of a matrix used in the process according to the invention.
  • the sensitive layer 1 is placed in a vacuum enclosure where it is covered with a thin layer of aluminum 11 (Fig. 2b).
  • this layer 11 can be less than one micrometer (typically, of the order of 0.3 ⁇ m).
  • This thin conductive layer 11 then makes it possible to deposit, by electrolysis, a very thick metallic layer 12 (made of nickel, for example) as shown in FIG. 2c.
  • This layer 12, solid and resistant, is separated from the initial layer 1 (Fig. 2d) whose imprint it keeps in negative.
  • This copy is made for example by hot pressing a PVC sheet 13a against the matrix 11-12.
  • This PVC sheet 13a can be fixed to the surface of a document or be mounted on a film structure transferable to a support by any process, whether mechanical, chemical or contact.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a protected document 13 according to the invention.
  • the printed document 13 is covered - on at least part of its surface - with an interference network 14.
  • This interference network (or hologram) is fixed to the document 13 by a transparent adhesive layer 15.
  • Document 13 - shown out of scale - is supposed to be placed with a view to fraudulent reproduction on the reproduction medium of a photocopying machine (not shown in its entirety).
  • the light beam 16 of a lamp 17 scans the document 13 at an angle ⁇ .
  • This light beam 16 after having passed through the interference network 14 and the transparent layer 15, reaches the printed support of the document 13 which sends it back in a diffuse manner.
  • the component 18 of this reflected light is normally collected by a device for capturing or returning the image (symbolized by the rectangle 19).
  • the device 19 can for example be a mobile optical system returning the image of the document to a sensitive element (drum or other) or an element for reading the image.
  • the image thus collected is then transferred to a reproduction medium (not shown).
  • the beam 16 being formed of non-coherent light, each wavelength is reflected differently by the interference network 14.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates another way of protecting a document 13 according to the invention.
  • the interference network 14 acts here by transmission.
  • the incident light beam 16 emitted by the lamp 17 of a photocopier reaches the interference network 14 at an angle ⁇ , crosses it, just as it crosses the transparent layer 15, undergoing negligible refraction, and reaches the printed document 13.
  • Ray 16 is reflected diffusely.
  • the component 18 of this reflected radiation supposed to reach the device for capturing or returning the image 19, reaches this device 19 only partially.
  • the fraudulent copy of such a document 13 will therefore contain black spots (total absence of light at certain points) or colored (absence of certain chromatic components at certain points) or ghosts (image shift according to color).
  • the method and the protected document can be executed by varying a large number of factors.
  • an interference grid responding to more specific characteristics (deviation of certain precise wavelengths or in determined preferential directions ).
  • the document itself can be adapted (dominant colors, printing ink preferably chosen from a chromatic range which particularly interferes with the interference network used) to make the protection more adequate.
  • a document to be protected can also include several separate grids placed side by side or combined so as to extend the protection to a wide variety of light wavelengths.
  • the surface of the document may be covered with interference grids oriented in different ways with respect to each other.

Landscapes

  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Holo Graphy (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Cleaning In Electrography (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Preparing Plates And Mask In Photomechanical Process (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Gegen Farbkopieren gesichertes Dokument, welches einen Träger (13) mit Aufdruck und mindestens eine Schicht (15) von durchsichtigem Polymermaterial umfaßt, wobei eine Seite dieser mindestens einen Schicht (15) ein erhabenes Interferenzgitter (14) bildet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese mindestens eine Schicht (15) mindestens einen bedruckten Teil des Trägers (13) überdeckt, und daß
    - bei diffusem Licht diese mindestens eine Schicht (15) durchsichtig erscheint und die Sicht auf den darunterliegenden Aufdruck nicht merklich beeinträchtigt,
    - wenn das Dokument in einen Kopierer mit Beleuchtungseinrichtung (17) und einer Bildaufnahme- oder wiedergabevorrichtung (19) unter gerichtetem polychromatischem Licht (16) eingelegt wird, das erhabene Interferenzgitter (14) den Strahl des auf das Dokument auftreffenden gerichteten Lichts gemäß einer oder mehrerer seiner Beugungsordnungen unter Ablenkung zu reflektieren vermag, so daß der von dieser mindestens einen Schicht (15) überdeckte Teil des bedruckten Trägers (13) an der entsprechenden Stelle der Photokopie nicht reproduziert wird.
  2. Dokument nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Interferenzgitter (14) so beschaffen ist, daß bei Ausrichtung des polychromatischen gerichteten Lichts (16) auf dieses Dokument zumindest bestimmte Wellenlängen des Lichts von diesem Strahl (16) von diesem Interferenzgitter (14) unter Ableitung reflektiert werden, bevor sie den Träger (13) dieses Dokuments erreichen; diese reflektierten Lichtwellenlängen direkt in die normale Reflexionsrichtung des Strahls zurückgeworfen werden, welche mit der Stelle für die Bildaufnahme- oder wiedergabevorrichtung (19) übereinstimmt, so daß sie in dieser Richtung eine übermäßige Helligkeit oder eine Farbsättigung dieser Lichtwellenlängen erzeugen, womit so das Auftreten unregelmäßiger Lichtflecken hervorgerufen wird.
  3. Dokument nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Interferenzgitter (14) so beschaffen ist, daß bei Ausrichtung des polychromatischen gerichteten Lichts (16) auf dieses Dokument (13) der Strahl (16) durch dieses Interferenzgitter (14) unter nur unwesentlicher Refraktion hindurchgeht und diffus von dem bedruckten Träger (13) reflektiert wird, wobei zumindest ein Teil der von dem bedruckten Träger (13) in Richtung auf die Bildaufnahme- oder wiedergabeeinrichtung (19) reflektierten Wellenlängen in einem Winkel φ zu ihrer Normalrichtung abgelenkt werden, wenn diese Lichtwellenlängen wieder durch das Interferenzgitter (14) hindurchtreten, wobei der Winkel φ genügend groß ist, damit die so reflektierten Wellenlängen nicht auf die Bildaufnahme- oder wiedergabeeinrichtung (19) treffen.
  4. Dokument nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberfläche des bedruckten Trägers (13) mehrere zur Interferenz mit unterschiedlichen Lichtwellenlängen befähigte Interferenzgitter (14) aufweist.
  5. Dokument nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberfläche des bedruckten Trägers (13) mehrere unterschiedlich zueinander ausgerichtete Interferenzgitter (14) aufweist, so daß die Lichtwellenlängen, mit denen diese unterschiedlichen Gitter (14) interferieren können in unterschiedliche Richtungen gelenkt werden.
  6. Dokument nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Interferenzgitter (14) das vorübergehende Auftreten einer visuellen Wahrnehmung hervorrufen kann, wenn man das Dokument sich in diffusem Licht drehen läßt.
  7. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dokumenten nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei diese Dokumente einen Träger (13) mit Aufdruck aufweisen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die folgenden Schritte umfaßt:
    - Herstellung eines erhabenen Interferenzgitters (14),
    - Aufbringen des Interferenzgitters (14) auf den bedruckten Träger (13), wobei das Gitter (14) von einer Seite einer auf zumindest einen bedruckten Teil des Trägers (13) aufgebrachten Schicht (15) aus durchsichtigem Polymermaterial gehalten wird und dieses Gitter (14) bei Betrachtung in diffusem Licht nicht die Sicht auf den Aufdruck des Trägers beeinträchtigt aber gemäß einer oder mehrerer seiner Beugungsordnungen einen auf das Dokument auftreffenden Strahl aus polychromatischem gerichtetem Licht (16) infolge Ableitung auftrennen kann, so daß der mit zumindest dieser einen Schicht (15) überdeckte bedruckte Teil des Trägers (13) nicht an der entsprechenden Stelle der Photokopie reproduziert wird.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erhabene Interferenzgitter (14) mittels Holographie einer punktförmigen Lichtquelle hergestellt wird.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die folgenden Schritte umfaßt:
    - Emission eines Stromes kohärenten Lichtes von einem Laser (5),
    - Auftrennen dieses Stromes in zwei Teilströme (7, 8),
    - Konvergenz dieser beiden Teilströme (7, 8) mittels Reflexion,
    - Durchtritt eines jeden dieser Teilströme (7, 8) durch einen räumlichen Filter (10),
    - Projektion dieser beiden Teilströme (2, 3) in vorbestimmtem Winkel auf eine Schicht aus photopolymerisierbarem Material (1), so daß diese Ströme miteinander interferieren und auf dieser photopolymerisierbaren Schicht (1) ein Interferenzgitter (14) bilden,
    - Entwickeln der photopolymerisierbaren Schicht, so daß an jedem Punkt dieser Schicht (1) eine der Exposition dieses Punktes proportionale erhabene Stelle erhalten wird,
    - Metallbeschichtung der erhabenen Oberfläche der photopolymerisierbaren Schicht (1) mittels Aufdampfens im Vakuum,
    - elektrolytische Abscheidung einer metallischen Schicht (11) auf die Oberfläche der photopolymerisierbaren Schicht (1), wodurch man eine metallische Matrize (12) erhält, welche als Negativ den Abdruck des Interferenzgitters (14) wiedergibt,
    - Abdruck des Musters der Matrize (12) auf der Oberfläche einer Schicht aus durchsichtigem Polymermaterial (13a) mittels Heißpressen.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder der beiden auf die Schicht aus photopolymerisierbarem Material (1) projizierten Teilströme (2, 3) mit einer senkrechten Linie zur photopolymerisierbaren Schicht (1) einen Winkel von ca. 15° bildet, wobei die Teilströme (2, 3) untereinander einen Winkel von ca. 30° bilden.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Interferenzgitter (14) eine minimale Dichte in der Größenordnung von 1000 Zeilen/mm aufweist.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Interferenzgitter (14) mehrere unterschiedliche Zonen aufweist, mit denen man einen gerichteten Lichtstrahl (16) jeweils unterschiedlich ablenken kann.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Anbringen des Interferenzgitters (14) auf dem bedruckten Träger (13) die folgenden Schritte umfaßt:
    - Abdruck des erhabenen Interferenzgitters (14) auf einer ersten auf dem Träger (13) aufgetragenen Schicht aus durchsichtigem Material (13a) mittels des Prägedruckverfahrens,
    - Auftragen einer zweiten Schicht aus durchsichtigem Material auf die erste Schicht (13a).
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Anbringen des Interferenzgitters (14) auf dem Träger (13) die folgenden Schritte umfaßt:
    - Abdruck des erhabenen Interferenzgitters (14) auf einer Schicht aus durchsichtigem Material (13a) mittels des Prägedruckverfahrens,
    - Auftragen eines durchsichtigen Haftstoffes (15) auf den Träger (13),
    - Verbinden der das Interferenzgitter (14) tragenden Schicht mit dem Träger (13).
  15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Anbringen des Interferenzgitters (14) auf dem Träger (13) die folgenden Schritte umfaßt:
    - Übertragen einer ersten und einer zweiten Schicht aus durchsichtigem Polymermaterial mit einer dazwischenliegenden Haftstoffschicht (15), wobei die gemeinsame Seite der beiden miteinander verbundenen Schichten die Gestalt eines erhabenen Interferenzgitters (14) auf dem Träger (13) mit Aufdruck aufweist.
EP94900659A 1992-12-08 1993-12-08 Gegen kopieren gesichertes dokument und verfahren zu seiner herstellung Revoked EP0673321B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE9201081 1992-12-08
BE9201081A BE1006699A5 (fr) 1992-12-08 1992-12-08 Document protege contre la reproduction et procede d'obtention d'un tel document.
PCT/BE1993/000077 WO1994013492A1 (fr) 1992-12-08 1993-12-08 Document protege contre la reproduction et procede d'obtention d'un tel document

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0673321A1 EP0673321A1 (de) 1995-09-27
EP0673321B1 true EP0673321B1 (de) 1996-10-09

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ID=3886571

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94900659A Revoked EP0673321B1 (de) 1992-12-08 1993-12-08 Gegen kopieren gesichertes dokument und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0673321B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE143872T1 (de)
AU (1) AU5555894A (de)
BE (1) BE1006699A5 (de)
CA (1) CA2151238A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69305360T2 (de)
TW (1) TW280896B (de)
WO (1) WO1994013492A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5591527A (en) * 1994-11-02 1997-01-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Optical security articles and methods for making same

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4892385A (en) * 1981-02-19 1990-01-09 General Electric Company Sheet-material authenticated item with reflective-diffractive authenticating device
JPS5988780A (ja) * 1982-11-08 1984-05-22 アメリカン・バンク・ノ−ト・カムパニ− 光回折記録体及び光回折パタ−ンを作る方法
KR860009325A (ko) * 1985-05-07 1986-12-22 기다지마 요시도시 투명형 홀로그램

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Publication number Publication date
AU5555894A (en) 1994-07-04
EP0673321A1 (de) 1995-09-27
DE69305360D1 (de) 1996-11-14
DE69305360T2 (de) 1997-02-27
ATE143872T1 (de) 1996-10-15
WO1994013492A1 (fr) 1994-06-23
BE1006699A5 (fr) 1994-11-22
TW280896B (de) 1996-07-11
CA2151238A1 (fr) 1994-06-23

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