EP0672053A1 - Treatment of septic shock with conjugated biologically active peptides - Google Patents

Treatment of septic shock with conjugated biologically active peptides

Info

Publication number
EP0672053A1
EP0672053A1 EP94903494A EP94903494A EP0672053A1 EP 0672053 A1 EP0672053 A1 EP 0672053A1 EP 94903494 A EP94903494 A EP 94903494A EP 94903494 A EP94903494 A EP 94903494A EP 0672053 A1 EP0672053 A1 EP 0672053A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
amino acid
peptide
lys
ala
hydrophilic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94903494A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mukta Hendi
Meena Rao
Taffy J. Williams
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Magainin Pharmaceuticals Inc
Original Assignee
Magainin Pharmaceuticals Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magainin Pharmaceuticals Inc filed Critical Magainin Pharmaceuticals Inc
Publication of EP0672053A1 publication Critical patent/EP0672053A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • C07K14/463—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from amphibians
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
    • A61K47/58—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. poly[meth]acrylate, polyacrylamide, polystyrene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylalcohol or polystyrene sulfonic acid resin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
    • A61K47/59—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
    • A61K47/60—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes the organic macromolecular compound being a polyoxyalkylene oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, e.g. PEG, PPG, PEO or polyglycerol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
    • A61K47/61—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule the organic macromolecular compound being a polysaccharide or a derivative thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
    • A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
    • A61K47/643—Albumins, e.g. HSA, BSA, ovalbumin or a Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin [KHL]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the treatment of septic shock. More particularly, this invention relates to the treatment of septic shock by administering biologically active peptides including conjugate moieties.
  • Septic shock is a type of shock associated with overwhelming infection.
  • the infection is produced by Gram-negative bacteria (such as, for example, E.coli, Pseudomonas species, and Bacteroides species), although other bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa may also be causes.
  • the shock is believed to be caused by the action of endotoxins (such as the liposaccharide or LPS in bacterial cell walls), other products of the infectious agent, or host mediators released in response to the infectious agent or the vascular system. Such action causes altered patterns of perfusion of tissues and large volumes of blood to be sequestered in the capillaries and veins.
  • Bacterial endotoxin such as LPS
  • LPS Bacterial endotoxin
  • the majority of damage induced from the presence of LPS is not due to the LPS itself, but is a result of the body's complex reaction to the foreign LPS. This response is mediated by immune cell activation and the resultant damage that these activated cells cause to the host tissues.
  • Septic shock or septicemia is difficult to reverse. Treatment following the initial signs of septic shock includes the infusion of normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution. If the shock persists, then an aggressive fluid challenge may be started, and the use of dopamine and/or norepinephrine may be recommended. More recent approaches to the treatment of septic shock are directed to the killing of bacteria and neutralizing LPS endotoxin with specific monoclonal antibodies; human bacteria permeability increasing protein (BPI); endotoxin neutralizing protein (ENP, which is obtained from the horseshoe crab); or synthetic molecules.
  • BPI human bacteria permeability increasing protein
  • EDP endotoxin neutralizing protein
  • European Patent Application No. 428,486 discloses a conjugate of polymyxin B and a carrier, which may be employed in neutralizing bacterial endotoxins.
  • the carrier may be a polysaccharide such as dextran or hydroxyethyl starch; a protein such as albumin; polyvinylpyrrolidone; polyethylene glycol; or polyvinyl alcohol.
  • a compound which is a conjugate of: (i) a biologically active amphiphilic peptide, said peptide being an ion channel-forming peptide; and (ii) a conjugate moiety selected from the group consisting of: (a) carbohydrates; (b) proteins; (c) polyvinylpyrrolidone; (d) polyalkylene glycols; and (e) polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the compounds of the present invention are particularly applicable to the treatment of septic shock in that such compounds neutralize bacterial endotoxins.
  • the peptides are positively charged, while in general, the bacterial endotoxins are negatively charged.
  • the compounds are particularly useful in that such compounds neutralize bacterial endotoxins without neutralizing essential proteins in plasma (such as heparin, for example).
  • the compounds can be constructed such that they have a longer duration of activity than unconjugated peptides.
  • the conjugate moiety may be attached to the peptide at the C-terminal, at the N-terminal, or to an internal amino acid residue. It is to be noted, however, that the conjugate moiety should be attached to the peptide such that the peptide retains its positive charge.
  • the conjugate moiety is a carbohydrate.
  • Carbohydrates which may be conjugated to the peptide include, but are not limited to, dextran, hetastarch, hydroxyethyl starch, cellobiose, lactobiose, mannobiose, melibiose, lactobionic acid, and glucosamine.
  • the carbohydrate is dextran.
  • the carbohydrate is hetastarch.
  • Such carbohydrates may be conjugated to the peptide at the C-terminal, the N-terminal, or to an internal amino acid.
  • the carbohydrate may be attached through a carbamate linkage, through an amine linkage, through an ester linkage, or through bifunctional crosslinking agents.
  • Ester linkages of the peptide with the carbohydrate may be formed by reacting the peptide and the carbohydrate in the presence of EDCI and DMAP.
  • the C-terminus of the peptide reacts with an -OH group of the carbohydrate to form an ester bond.
  • Amine linkages may be formed by oxidizing the carbohydrate with periodate to form aldehyde groups. The aldehyde is then reacted with an amino group on the peptide to form a Schiff base which then can be reduced to an amine.
  • the product is an amino-carbohydrate.
  • the amino-carbohydrate can be reacted with a peptide to form an amide linkage.
  • Carbamate linkages may be formed by treating the carbohydrate with l-cyano-4-dimethyl-amino pyridinium tetrafluoroborate (CDAP), and then reacting the treated carbohydrate with a peptide having a free amino group to form a carbamate linkage.
  • CDAP l-cyano-4-dimethyl-amino pyridinium tetrafluoroborate
  • Bifunctional crosslinking agents which may be employed for attacking the carbohydrate to the peptide include, but are not limited to, malimido groups, - S - S - 0 groups, and groups. Such groups may be attached to the carbohydrate first by attaching a -COOH group to the functional group, and then reacting the modified functional group with an -OH group of the carbohydrate to provide a carbohydrate containing the functional group. The carbohydrate with the functional group attached is then reacted with an -SH group attached to a peptide to form the conjugate.
  • Proteins which may be conjugated to the peptide include, but are not limited to, albumin, _ - macroglobulin, antibodies or other proteins found in plasma.
  • the peptide may be coupled to the protein via disulfide, amide, ester, ether, or other forms of covalent bonds.
  • Polyvinyl pyrrolidone may be attached to the peptide through ester linkages, through carbamate linkages, or through bifunctional crosslinking agents, such as those hereinabove described.
  • Polyalkylene glycols which may be conjugated to the peptide include, but are not limited to, polyethylene glycol.
  • the polyalkylene glycol may be attached to the peptide through ester linkages, carbamate linkages, or through bifunctional crosslinking agents, whereby free -OH groups of the polyalkylene glycol are reacted to form such linkages.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol also may be attached to the peptide through the linkages hereinabove described.
  • the biologically active amphiphilic peptides employed in the present invention are generally water-soluble to a concentration of at least 20 mg/ml at neutral pH in water.
  • the structure of such peptide provides for flexibility of the peptide molecule.
  • Such peptides are capable of forming an alpha-helix. When the peptide is placed in water, it does not assume an amphiphilic structure. When the peptide encounters an oily surface or membrane, the peptide chain folds upon itself into a rod-like structure.
  • such peptides have at least 7 amino acids. In most cases, such peptides do not have in excess of 50 amino acids.
  • the biologically active peptides are ion channel-forming peptides.
  • An ion channel-forming peptide or ionophore is a peptide which increases the permeability for ions across a natural or synthetic lipid membrane.
  • B. Christensen, et al., PNAS, Vol. 85, pgs. 5072-76 (July 1988) describe methodology which indicates whether or not a peptide has ion channel-forming properties and is therefore an ionophore.
  • an ion channel-forming peptide is a peptide which has ion channel-forming properties as determined by the method of Christensen, et al.
  • amphiphilic peptide is a peptide which includes both hydrophobic and hydrophilic peptide regions.
  • the compounds may be administered in an amount effective to treat or prevent septic shock in a host. " Preferably, the compounds are administered in an amount of from about 1 ⁇ g/kg to about 5 mg/kg per host weight.
  • the compounds may be administered to a host in vivo, such as, for example, through systemic administration, such as intravenous or intraperitoneal administration.
  • the compounds are administered in combination with an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle such as a filler, non-toxic buffer, or physiological saline solution.
  • an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle such as a filler, non-toxic buffer, or physiological saline solution.
  • the compounds may also be used in combination with adjuvants, protease inhibitors, or compatible drugs.
  • the peptide is a basic (positively charged) polypeptide having at least sixteen amino acids wherein the polypeptide includes at least eight hydrophobic amino acids and at least eight hydrophilic amino acids.
  • the hydrophobic amino acids are in groups of two adjacent amino acids, and each group of two hydrophobic amino acids is spaced from another group of two hydrophobic amino acids by at least one amino acid other than a hydrophobic amino acid (preferably at least two amino acids) and generally by no greater than four amino acids, and the amino acids between pairs of hydrophobic amino acids may or may not be hydrophilic.
  • the hydrophilic amino acids are generally also in groups of two adjacent amino acids in which at least one of the two amino acids is a basic hydrophilic amino acid, with such groups of two hydrophilic amino acids being spaced from each other by at least one amino acid other than a hydrophilic amino acid (preferably at least two amino acids) and generally no greater than four amino acids, and the amino acids between pairs of hydrophilic amino acids may or may not be hydrophobic.
  • the polypeptide comprises a chain of at least four groups of amino acids, with each group consisting of four amino acids. Two of the four amino acids in each group are hydrophobic amino acids, and two of the four amino acids in each group are hydrophilic, with at least one of the hydrophilic amino acids in each group being a basic hydrophilic amino acid and the other being a basic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
  • the hydrophobic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Ala, Cys, Phe, Gly, lie, Leu, Met, Pro, Val, Trp, Tyr, norleucine (Nle), norvaline (Nva), and cyclohexylalanine (Cha) .
  • the neutral hydrophilic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Asn, Gin, Ser, Thr and homoserine (Hse).
  • the basic hydrophilic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Lys, Arg, His, Orn, homoarginine (Har), 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (Dbu), and p-aminophenylalanine.
  • Each of the groups of four amino acids may be of the sequence ABCD, BCDA, CDAB, or DABC, wherein A and B are each hydrophobic amino acids and may be the same or different, one of C or D is a basic hydrophilic amino acid, and the other of C or D is a basic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid and may be the same or different.
  • the polypeptide chain may comprise 5 or 6 groups of this sequence. In each group, each of A, B, C and D may be the same in some or all of the groups or may be different in some or all of the groups.
  • the polypeptide chain preferably has at least 20 amino acids, and no greater than 50 amino acids. It is to be understood, however, that the polypeptide does not have to consist entirely of the groups described above.
  • the polypeptide may have amino acids extending from either or both ends of the noted groups forming the polypeptide chain and/or there may be amino acids between one or more of the at least four groups and still remain within the scope of the invention.
  • the groups of amino acids may be repeating groups of amino acids, or the amino acids in the various groups may vary provided that in each group of the at least four groups of amino acids there are two hydrophobic and two hydrophilic amino acids as hereinabove noted.
  • the biologically active polypeptide may comprise a chain including at least four groups of amino acids, each containing four amino acids. Two of the four amino acids in each group are hydrophobic, at least one amino acid is basic hydrophilic, and the remaining one is basic or neutral hydrophilic, with the polypeptide chain preferably having at least 20 amino acids but no greater than 50 amino acids.
  • each of the at least four groups of amino acids which are in the peptide chain is of the sequence A-B-C-D, B-C-D-A, C-D-A-B or D-A-B-C wherein A and
  • B are hydrophobic amino acids, one of C or D is a basic hydrophilic amino acid, and the other of C or D is basic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
  • the resulting polypeptide chain therefore, may have one of the following sequences:
  • X_ is A-, D-A- or C-D-A-
  • Y_ is -B, -B-C or B-C-D
  • Y 3 is -C . -C-D, -C-D-A
  • X 4 is C-, B-C-, A-B-C-
  • Y 4 is -D, -D-A, -D-A-B a is 0 or 1; b i ⁇ O or l and n is at least 4.
  • the peptide chain may include amino acids between the hereinabove noted groups of four amino acids provided that the spacing between such groups and the charge on the amino acids does not change the characteristics of the peptide chain which provide amphiphilicity and a positive charge and do not adversely affect the folding characteristics of the chain to that which is significantly different from one in which the hereinabove noted group of four amino acids are not spaced from each other.
  • the peptide may have amino acids extending from either end of the chain.
  • the chains may have a Ser-Lys sequence before the "Ala” end, and/or an Ala-Phe sequence after the "Lys" end.
  • Other amino acid sequences may also be attached to the "Ala” and/or the "Lys" end.
  • the chain may have, for example, a C-D sequence before the first A-B-C-D group.
  • other amino acid sequences may be attached to the "A" and/or the "D" end of one of these polypeptide chains.
  • the peptide may be a magainin peptide.
  • a magainin peptide is either a magainin such as magainin I, II or III or an analogue or derivative thereof.
  • the magainin peptides preferably include the following basic peptide structure X_, ,, :
  • R. . is a hydrophobic amino acid, R_, ? is a basic hydrophilic amino acid; R 13 is a hydrophobic, neutral hydrophilic, or basic hydrophilic amino acid; R- . and R,
  • R. 14 14a are hydrophobic or basic hydrophilic amino acids;
  • R. j . is glutamic acid or aspartic acid, or a hydrophobic or a basic hydrophilic amino acid, and n is 0 or 1.
  • R. _ is a hydrophobic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid
  • R... is a hydrophobic amino acid
  • R- is glutamic acid or aspartic acid.
  • a magainin peptide may include the following structure:
  • a magainin peptide may also have the following structure:
  • R l ⁇ where R. & is a basic hydrophilic amino acid or asparagine or glutamine.
  • R- 7 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
  • a magainin peptide may also have the following structure:
  • the magainin peptides may also include the following basic peptide structure X- * * - -
  • the magainin peptide may also include the following structure X -Z.-; wherein X,_ is the hereinabove described basic peptide structure and Z, delete is
  • the magainin peptides generally include at least fourteen amino acids and may include up to forty amino acids.
  • a magainin peptide preferably has 22 or 23 amino acids. Accordingly, the hereinabove described basic peptide structures of a magainin peptide may include additional amino acids at the amino end or at the carboxyl end, or at both ends.
  • magainin peptides having the following primary sequences as given in the accompanying sequence listing as well as appropriate analogues and derivatives thereof:
  • Magainin peptides are described in Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. Vol. 84 pp. 5449-53 (Aug. 87).
  • magainin peptides refers to the basic magainin structure as well as derivatives and analogs thereof, including but not limited to the representative derivatives or analogs.
  • the peptide may be a PGLa peptide or an XPF peptide.
  • a PGLa peptide is either PGLa or an analogue or derivative thereof.
  • R T ⁇ ' anc * R ⁇ ⁇ are as previously defined.
  • the PGLa peptides generally include at least seventeen amino acids and may include as many as forty amino acids. Accordingly, the hereinabove described basic peptide structure for a PGLa peptide may include additional amino acids at the amino end or at the carboxyl end or at both the amino and carboxyl end.
  • a PGLa peptide may have the following structure:
  • a PGLa peptide may also have the following structure:
  • a PGLa peptide may also have the following structure: where X..; Y.. and Z.. are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1 and b is 0 or 1.
  • An XPF peptide is either XPF or an analogue or derivative thereof.
  • the XPF peptides preferably include the following basic peptide structure X-, fi :
  • R I R I ⁇ ⁇ l- ⁇ - ⁇ lS ⁇ ll"' vherein R.._, , R-.- > , R i4 ' R ⁇ c an ⁇ i R ⁇ 7 are as previously defined and R 1R is glutamine or asparagine or a basic hydrophilic, or hydrophobic amino acid and, n is 0 or 1.
  • the XPF peptides generally include at least nineteen amino acids and may include up to forty amino acids. Accordingly, the hereinabove described basic peptide structure of XPF may include additional amino acids at the amino end, or at the carboxyl end or at both the amino and carboxyl ends.
  • an XPF peptide may include the following structure:
  • An XPF peptide may include the following structure:
  • An XPF peptide may also have the following structure:
  • X-,,-, ⁇ - ⁇ c. and z - ⁇ e are as previously defined: a is 0 or 1 and b is 0 or 1.
  • XPF or PGLa peptides which are characterized by the following primary amino acid sequences as given in the accompanying sequence listing:
  • the peptide may be a CPF peptide or appropriate analogue or derivative thereof.
  • CPF peptides as well as analogues and derivatives thereof are herein sometimes referred to collectively as CPF peptides.
  • the CPF peptide may be one which includes the following basic peptide structure 20 - ⁇ R 2l "R 2l "R 22 ⁇ R 22 ⁇ R 2l “R 21 ⁇ R 23 "R 21 ⁇ _P _-P _p _P _p _p _p _p _ 21 21 ⁇ 23 21 ⁇ 21 24 25 21 wherein R p -. is a hydrophobic amino acid; R 7 j is a hydrophobic amino acid or a basic hydrophilic amino acid;
  • R__ is a basic hydrophilic amino acid
  • R ⁇ m is a hydrophobic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid
  • R 25 is a basic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
  • hydrophobic amino acids are Ala, Cys, Phe, Gly, lie, Leu, Met, Val, Trp, Tyr, norleucine (Nle), norvaline (Nva), and cyclohexylalanine (Cha) .
  • the neutral hydrophilic amino acids are Asn, Gin, Ser, Thr, and homoserine (Hse) .
  • the basic hydrophilic amino acids are Lys, Arg, His, Orn, homoarginine (Har), 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dbu), and p-aminophenylalanine.
  • the CPF peptide may include only the hereinabove noted amino acids or may include additional amino acids at the amino and/or carboxyl end or both the amino and carboxyl end. In general, the peptide does not include more than 40 amino acids.
  • the CPF peptides including the above basic structure preferably have from 1 to 4 additional amino acids at the amino end.
  • the carboxyl end of the basic peptide structure may also have additional amino acids which may range from 1 to 13 additional amino acids.
  • the basic structure may have from 1 to 7 additional amino acids at the carboxyl end, which may be represented as follows:
  • X is the hereinabove defined basic peptide structure and Z 20 is
  • Preferred peptides may be represented by the following structural formula
  • X 20 / Y 20 and Z 20 are as previously defined and a is 0 or 1 and b is 0 or 1.
  • CPF peptides which may be employed, some of which have been described in the literature, include the following sequences as given in the accompanying sequence listing: (SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15) (SEQ ID NO: 16)
  • the peptide may include one of the following basic structures X_, through X-, 7 wherein:
  • X is -[R 31 -R 32 -R 32 -R 33 -R 31 -R 32 -R 32
  • R_ is a basic hydrophilic amino acid
  • R__ is a hydrophobic amino acid
  • R__ is a neutral hydrophilic, basic hydrophilic, or hydrophobic amino acid
  • n is from 2 to 5.
  • the basic hydrophilic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Lys, Arg, His, Orn, homoarginine (Har), 2, -diaminobutyric acid (Dbu), and p-aminophenylalanine.
  • the hydrophobic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Ala, Cys, Phe, Gly, lie, Leu, Met, Pro, Val, Trp and Tyr,norleucine (Nle), norvaline (Nva), and cyclohexylalanine (Cha) .
  • the neutral hydrophilic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Asn, Gin, Ser, Thr, and homoserine (Hse).
  • the peptide when the peptide includes the structure X31.
  • the peptide may include the following structure:
  • the peptide when the peptide includes the structure X_- , the peptide may include the following structure:
  • the peptide may include the following structure: (Y 31 ) -X 31 "( Z 3 ⁇ ) ⁇ x ' wherein Y.,. and Z 31 are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.
  • the peptide may include the following structure:
  • Y 32 is;
  • the peptide when the peptide includes the ide may include the following
  • ____ is as hereinabove described, and
  • R 32 -R 32 -R 33 -R 31 (iv) R 32 -R 32 -R 33 -R 31 ; (v) R 32 -R 32 -R 33 -R 31 -R 32 ; or (vi) R 32 -R 32 -R 33 -R 31 -R 32 -R 32 .
  • the peptide may include the following structure:
  • the peptide when the peptide includes the structure X__, the peptide may include the following structure:
  • R3_,3_ are as hereinabove described.
  • the peptide when the peptide includes the structure X 33 .
  • the peptide may include the following structure:
  • the peptide may include the following structure:
  • the peptide when the peptide includes the structure X-, 4 , the peptide may include the following structure:
  • the peptide when the peptide includes the structure X 34 , the peptide may include the following structure:
  • R 33 (i) R 33 ; (ii) R 33 -R 31 ; (iii) R 33 -R 31 -R 32 ; (iv) R 33 -R 31 -R 32 -R 32 ;
  • the peptide may include the following structure:
  • the peptide when the peptide includes the structure X-i * - , the peptide may include the following structure:
  • Y 35 is:
  • the peptide when the peptide includes the structure X 3c , the peptide may include the following structure:
  • the peptide may include the following structure: Y 35>a- X 35 (Z 35>b' wherein X 3 5 and Z 35 are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.
  • the peptide when the peptide includes the structure X 3 ⁇ .
  • the peptide may include the following structure:
  • the peptide may include the following structure:
  • the peptide may include the following structure: (Y3_ c 6)'a- X3_ c 6 (Z3_ c 6),b, wherein Y3_6, and Z36, are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.
  • the peptide when the peptide includes the structure X 37 , the peptide may includes the structure Y_ 7 -X_ 7 , wherein X_ 7 is as hereinabove described, and Y_ 7 is:
  • R 32 (i) R 32 ; (ii) R 31 -R 32 ; (iii) R 33 -R 31 -R 32 ; (iv) R 32 -R 33 -R 31 -R 32 ;
  • R 32 -R 32 -R 33 -R 31 -R 32 (v) R 32 -R 32 -R 33 -R 31 -R 32 ; or (vi) R 31 -R 32 -R 32 -R 33 -R 31 -R 32 , wherein R.,- , 32 , and R_ 3 are as hereinabove described.
  • the peptide when the peptide includes the structure X-, 7 .
  • the peptide may include the following structure: is as hereinabove described, and
  • the peptide may include the following structure:
  • n 3
  • peptide is of one of the following structures as given in the accompanying sequence listing:
  • Lys He Ala (Lys He Ala Gly Xaa He Ala) 3 (SEQ ID NO:68). Lys He Ala (Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala) 3 (SEQ ID NO: 69) In (SEQ ID NO:67) and (SEQ ID NO:68), Xaa is p-aminophenylalanine.
  • amphiphilic peptide includes the following basic structure X 4n :
  • R 3l R 32 ⁇ R 32 "R 33 "R 34 ⁇ R 32 ⁇ R 32 "R 3l "R 32 "R 32 "R 32 ⁇ R 34 _R 32 "R 32' wherein R_-, , R-,- , , and R réelle_ are as hereinabove described, and R_ 4 is a basic hydrophilic or hydrophobic amino acid.
  • the peptide may include the following structure:
  • Y 40 is:
  • the peptide may include the following structure:
  • peptide has the following structural formula as given in the accompanying sequence listing:
  • the peptide has the following structural formula as given in the accompanying sequence listing:
  • the peptide has one of the one of the following structural formulae as given in the accompanying sequence listing:
  • the peptide may include the following structural formula:
  • n is from 2 to 5.
  • n is 3, and the peptide has the following structural formula:
  • the peptide may include the following structural formula:
  • n is from 2 to 5.
  • n 3
  • the peptide has the following structural formula:
  • the peptide may include the following structural formula:
  • n is from 2 to 5.
  • n is 3, and the peptide has the following structural formula:
  • the peptide may be selected from the group consisting of the following structural formulae as given in the accompanying sequence listing:
  • the peptide may be a cecropin or sarcotoxin.
  • cecropins includes the basic structure as well as analogues and derivatives thereof. The cecropins and analogues and derivatives thereof are described in Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 1987, Vol. 41, pages 103-26, in particular page 108, and in Christensen, et al., PNAS Vol. 85, pgs. 5072-76, which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • sarcotoxins includes the basic materials as well as analogues and derivatives thereof.
  • the sarcotoxins and analogues and derivatives thereof are described in Molecular Entomology, pages 369-78, in particular page 375, Alan R. Liss, Inc. (1987), which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • amphiphilic peptide includes the following basic structure X--:
  • R 41 is a hydrophobic amino acid
  • R 4 _ is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
  • the peptide includes the basic structure Yr 0 -X n wherein X_ 0 is as hereinabove described and Y 50 is:
  • R 4 -. is leucine.
  • R 4? is lysine.
  • Representative examples of such peptides include those having the following structures:
  • the amphiphilic peptide includes the following basic structure X..- : R 42 'R 4l “R 42 “R 42 “R 4l “R 4l “R 42 'R 42 ⁇ R 4l “R 42 “R 42' wherein R 41 is a hydrophobic amino acid and R._ is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
  • R.. is leucine. In another embodiment, R 4? is lysine.
  • the peptide includes the basic structure Y-.-X,-., wherein X-.-, is as hereinabove described, and Y 5 _ is:
  • the peptide may have the following structure: Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu
  • the peptide includes the basic structure X oZ trench - Z b,-Z 0 , wherein X o c Z is as hereinabove described, and Z,-- > is:
  • the peptide may have the following structure: Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu 5 10
  • the peptide may include the structure:
  • the peptide includes the following basic structure X 54 : "R 4 R 2 "R 42 “R 4 R 4 R 2 "R 42 _R R 42 “R 42 “R 4 R R 2 _R 42 “R -
  • R, and R, _ are as hereinabove described, and R,judicial 41 42 43 is a netural hydrophilic amino acid.
  • the peptide may have the following structure:
  • the peptide may have the following structure:
  • the peptide includes the following basic structure X ,:
  • R 4 R 42- R 4 R 4 R 42- R 42- R 42- R 4 R 41- R 42- R 42- R 44' wherein R 41 and R, shall are as hereinabove described, and R, , is a neutral 42 44 hydrophilic amino acid or proline.
  • the peptide may include the following structure Y,__-X ⁇ _, wherein X . is the basic peptide structure hereinabove described, and Y_._ is: (i) -R 41 (ii) -R 41 -R 41 ;
  • the peptide may include the structure:
  • the peptide may have one of the following structures:
  • the peptide may have the structure (Y r/ _) -X r .-""(Z r ,), , wherein X r ,, Y_-, and Z r . are 56 a 56 JO D _>O DO _»6 as hereinabove described, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.
  • the peptide includes the following basic structure X co :
  • the peptide may include the structure Y c -X co , wherein X ro is as
  • the peptide includes the structure X CD -Z co , wherein X e is as hereinabove described,
  • the peptide has the following structure:
  • the peptide may have the structure
  • Z 58 are as hereinabove described, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.
  • the peptide includes the following basic structure X,_: ou
  • R 4 R 42 "R 42 _R 42 "R 41' herein R 4i' R 42 ' and R 43 are as hereinabove described.
  • the peptide may have the following structure:
  • the peptide may include the structure ⁇ o* n U ⁇ ⁇ t o ⁇ n U * wherein X,o,U,, is as hereinabove described, and Z,_. is: ou
  • the peptide has a structure selected from the group consisting of:
  • the peptide has the structure (a), and a representative example of such a structure is (SEQ ID NO: 107), which is given in the accompanying sequence listing.
  • the peptide has the structure (b), and a representative example of such a structure is (SEQ ID NO: 108), which is given in the accompanying sequence listing.
  • the peptide has the structure (c), and a representative example of such a structure is (SEQ ID NO: 109) as given the accompanying sequence listing.
  • the peptide has the structure (d), and a representative example of such a structure is (SEQ ID NO:110) as given in the accompanying sequence listing.
  • the peptide has the structure (e), and representative examples of such a structure are (SEQ * ID NO: 111) and (SEQ ID NO: 112) as given in the accompanying sequence listing.
  • the peptide has the following structural formula:
  • the peptide is melittin.
  • Melittin is an amphipathic peptide consisting of 26 amino acid residues, and is isolated from honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom. The peptide is known to be cytolytic. See Habermann, et al., Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift Phvsiol. Chem., Vol. 348, pgs. 37-50 (1987). Melittin has the following structural formula as represented by the three-letter amino acid code: Gly He Gly Ala Val Leu Lys Val Leu
  • the peptide purified in accordance with the present invention is an apidaecin.
  • apidaecin as used herein includes the basic structure as well as analogues and derivaties thereof. Apidaecins are further described in European Patent Application No. 299,828.
  • the peptide may be an amide - or carboxy-terminated peptide represented by the following structural formula, and the numbers below each amino acid residue refer to the position of the residue in the peptide:
  • the peptide may be an analogue of such peptide wherein at least one of amino acide residues 1 through 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, or 18 is deleted from the peptide.
  • amino acid residues 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, or 18 is deleted from the peptide.
  • amino acid residues 1 through 3, 1 through 4, 1 through 5, 1 through 6, and 1 through 7 are deleted from the peptide.
  • amino acid residues 1 through 3 or 1 through 4 are deleted from the peptide, and such peptides have the following structural formulae: (SEQ ID NO: 116) (SEQ ID NO: 117)
  • the peptide includes the following structural formula ⁇ ( - *) -
  • R 4l "R 42 "R 42' wherein R, is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R, is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
  • R, is leucine
  • R,_ is lysine.
  • the peptide has the following structure:
  • the peptide includes the following structural formula X.. :
  • R 4l R 41 , wherein R,_ is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R, is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
  • R _ is leucine, and in another embodiment, R, is lysine.
  • the peptide has the following structural formula:
  • the peptide includes the following structural formula ⁇ ( - ( - - -
  • R 4 R 4l R 42 "R 42 “R 4 R 42 “R 42 “R 4 R 4 R 42 'R 42 “R 4 R 41' wherein R, _ is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R,_ is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
  • the peptide may include the following structure:
  • R, is leucine, and in another
  • R is lysine.
  • the peptide has the following structural formula: Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys
  • the peptide may include the following structural formula X ⁇ r ,:
  • R 4 _-R, _-R 4 _ wherein R _ is a hydrophobic amino acid
  • R,gues is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
  • R is leucine, and in another embodiment, R, is lysine.
  • the peptide has the following structural formula:
  • the peptide may also include acetyl or octanoyl groups at the N-terminal, such groups sometimes hereinafter being indicated as Ac- and Oct-, respectively.
  • each amino acid residue of the peptide is a D-amino acid residue or a glycine residue.
  • each amino acid residue of the peptide is an L-amino acid residue or a glycine residue.
  • the amino acid residues of the peptide which are not glycine residues may be a mixture of D-amino acid residues and L-amino acid residues.
  • Example 1 Conjugation of peptides to dextran.
  • the following peptides (SEQ ID N0:89)-NH 2 ; Ac-(SEQ ID N0:99)-NH 2 ; 0ct-(SEQ ID N0:111)-NH ; Ac-(SEQ ID N0:116)-NH 2 ; Ac-(SEQ ID N0:117)-NH 2 ; D-(SEQ ID N0:117)-NH , wherein each amino acid residue is a D-amino acid residue; Ac-(SEQ ID N0:121)-NH 2 ; (SEQ ID N0:123)-NH 2 ; D-(SEQ ID N0:123)-NH , wherein each amino acid residue is a D-amino acid residue or a glycine residue; and
  • MWCO 1000 The oxidized dextran is mixed with 0.3g-1.0g of peptide which is dissolved in sodium bicarbonate buffer (pH 8.0-9.0), and left in a cold room for 6 to 8 hours. The mixture was then reduced with from 3 to 30ml of 6% sodium borohydride solution for 6 to 24 hours. The reaction is then acidified with acetic acid and dialyzed for 3 to 4 days over 10 liters using MWCO and lyophilized.
  • MAP multiple antigenic peptide
  • Multiple antigenic peptides are peptides built onto a brached polylysine matrix.
  • the polylysine matrix is comprised of 7 lysine residues built on a solid phase resin with a B-alanine spacer.
  • Multiple antigenic peptides serve as a model for peptide-protein conjugates.
  • the synthesis of the multiple antigenic peptide conjugate is carried out using solid phase methodology on an ABI-431 peptide synthesizer.
  • SEQ ID NO: 122 is built on the matrix such that eight copies of (SEQ ID NO: 122) are attached to the matrix.
  • the cleavage and purification of the MAP peptides are carried out using standard methodology.
  • mice Thirteen groups of CD-I mice, with each group having 10 mice, were given actinomycin D in order to sensitize the mice to endotoxin. Each mouse ws injected with 20 micrograms of endotoxin.
  • a control group of mice received an intraperitoneal challenge of from O.lmg to l.Omg of Endotoxin 0111:B4.
  • the other groups of mice received an intraperitoneal challenge of from O.lmg to l.Omg of Endotoxin 0111:B4 and from O.lmg to 7mg of one of the peptide conjugates described in Example 1.
  • the conjugates had a peptide/polymer ratio of from 3% to 25% wt./wt.
  • the conjugates were premixed with the endotoxin for 30 minutes prior to the intraperitoneal challenge. Survivors were assessed on a daily basis for 7 days. The ratio of the number of survivors in each of the conjugate treatment groups at Day 2 and Day 7 to the number of survivors in the control groups is given in Table 1 below.
  • ADDRESSEE Carella, Byrne, Bain, Gilfillan,
  • Gly lie Gly Lys Phe Leu His Ser Ala Gly
  • NAME/KEY Magainin II peptide.
  • NAME/KEY magainin peptide
  • NAME/KEY magainin peptide
  • NAME/KEY magainin peptide

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

A compound which is a conjugate of a biologically active amphiphilic peptide and a conjugate moiety. The conjugate moiety may be a carbohydrate (such as dextran or hetastarch); a protein; polyvinyl pyrrolidone; a polyalkylene glycol; or polyvinyl alcohol. Such compounds neutralize bacterial endotoxins, and thus are particularly useful in the treatment or prevention of septic shock.

Description

TREATMENT OF SEPTIC SHOCK WITH CONJUGATED BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PEPTIDES
This invention relates to the treatment of septic shock. More particularly, this invention relates to the treatment of septic shock by administering biologically active peptides including conjugate moieties.
Septic shock is a type of shock associated with overwhelming infection. Most commonly, the infection is produced by Gram-negative bacteria (such as, for example, E.coli, Pseudomonas species, and Bacteroides species), although other bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa may also be causes. The shock is believed to be caused by the action of endotoxins (such as the liposaccharide or LPS in bacterial cell walls), other products of the infectious agent, or host mediators released in response to the infectious agent or the vascular system. Such action causes altered patterns of perfusion of tissues and large volumes of blood to be sequestered in the capillaries and veins. Bacterial endotoxin, such as LPS, at concentrations as low as a few micrograms per liter can activate immune cells in vitro. The majority of damage induced from the presence of LPS is not due to the LPS itself, but is a result of the body's complex reaction to the foreign LPS. This response is mediated by immune cell activation and the resultant damage that these activated cells cause to the host tissues.
Septic shock or septicemia is difficult to reverse. Treatment following the initial signs of septic shock includes the infusion of normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution. If the shock persists, then an aggressive fluid challenge may be started, and the use of dopamine and/or norepinephrine may be recommended. More recent approaches to the treatment of septic shock are directed to the killing of bacteria and neutralizing LPS endotoxin with specific monoclonal antibodies; human bacteria permeability increasing protein (BPI); endotoxin neutralizing protein (ENP, which is obtained from the horseshoe crab); or synthetic molecules.
European Patent Application No. 428,486 discloses a conjugate of polymyxin B and a carrier, which may be employed in neutralizing bacterial endotoxins. The carrier may be a polysaccharide such as dextran or hydroxyethyl starch; a protein such as albumin; polyvinylpyrrolidone; polyethylene glycol; or polyvinyl alcohol.
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a compound which is a conjugate of: (i) a biologically active amphiphilic peptide, said peptide being an ion channel-forming peptide; and (ii) a conjugate moiety selected from the group consisting of: (a) carbohydrates; (b) proteins; (c) polyvinylpyrrolidone; (d) polyalkylene glycols; and (e) polyvinyl alcohol.
The compounds of the present invention are particularly applicable to the treatment of septic shock in that such compounds neutralize bacterial endotoxins. In general, the peptides are positively charged, while in general, the bacterial endotoxins are negatively charged. The compounds are particularly useful in that such compounds neutralize bacterial endotoxins without neutralizing essential proteins in plasma (such as heparin, for example). In addition the compounds can be constructed such that they have a longer duration of activity than unconjugated peptides.
The conjugate moiety may be attached to the peptide at the C-terminal, at the N-terminal, or to an internal amino acid residue. It is to be noted, however, that the conjugate moiety should be attached to the peptide such that the peptide retains its positive charge.
In one embodiment, the conjugate moiety is a carbohydrate. Carbohydrates which may be conjugated to the peptide include, but are not limited to, dextran, hetastarch, hydroxyethyl starch, cellobiose, lactobiose, mannobiose, melibiose, lactobionic acid, and glucosamine. In one embodiment, the carbohydrate is dextran. In another embodiment, the carbohydrate is hetastarch.
Such carbohydrates may be conjugated to the peptide at the C-terminal, the N-terminal, or to an internal amino acid. The carbohydrate may be attached through a carbamate linkage, through an amine linkage, through an ester linkage, or through bifunctional crosslinking agents.
Ester linkages of the peptide with the carbohydrate may be formed by reacting the peptide and the carbohydrate in the presence of EDCI and DMAP. The C-terminus of the peptide reacts with an -OH group of the carbohydrate to form an ester bond.
Amine linkages may be formed by oxidizing the carbohydrate with periodate to form aldehyde groups. The aldehyde is then reacted with an amino group on the peptide to form a Schiff base which then can be reduced to an amine.
If the reaction with the carbohydrate aldehyde is with hydroxylamine instead of the peptide, followed by reduction, the product is an amino-carbohydrate. The amino-carbohydrate can be reacted with a peptide to form an amide linkage. Carbamate linkages may be formed by treating the carbohydrate with l-cyano-4-dimethyl-amino pyridinium tetrafluoroborate (CDAP), and then reacting the treated carbohydrate with a peptide having a free amino group to form a carbamate linkage.
Bifunctional crosslinking agents which may be employed for attacking the carbohydrate to the peptide include, but are not limited to, malimido groups, - S - S - 0 groups, and groups. Such groups may be attached to the carbohydrate first by attaching a -COOH group to the functional group, and then reacting the modified functional group with an -OH group of the carbohydrate to provide a carbohydrate containing the functional group. The carbohydrate with the functional group attached is then reacted with an -SH group attached to a peptide to form the conjugate.
Proteins which may be conjugated to the peptide include, but are not limited to, albumin, _ - macroglobulin, antibodies or other proteins found in plasma. The peptide may be coupled to the protein via disulfide, amide, ester, ether, or other forms of covalent bonds.
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone may be attached to the peptide through ester linkages, through carbamate linkages, or through bifunctional crosslinking agents, such as those hereinabove described.
Polyalkylene glycols which may be conjugated to the peptide include, but are not limited to, polyethylene glycol.
The polyalkylene glycol may be attached to the peptide through ester linkages, carbamate linkages, or through bifunctional crosslinking agents, whereby free -OH groups of the polyalkylene glycol are reacted to form such linkages. The polyvinyl alcohol also may be attached to the peptide through the linkages hereinabove described.
The biologically active amphiphilic peptides employed in the present invention are generally water-soluble to a concentration of at least 20 mg/ml at neutral pH in water. In addition, the structure of such peptide provides for flexibility of the peptide molecule. Such peptides are capable of forming an alpha-helix. When the peptide is placed in water, it does not assume an amphiphilic structure. When the peptide encounters an oily surface or membrane, the peptide chain folds upon itself into a rod-like structure.
In general, such peptides have at least 7 amino acids. In most cases, such peptides do not have in excess of 50 amino acids.
In general, the biologically active peptides are ion channel-forming peptides. An ion channel-forming peptide or ionophore is a peptide which increases the permeability for ions across a natural or synthetic lipid membrane. B. Christensen, et al., PNAS, Vol. 85, pgs. 5072-76 (July 1988) describe methodology which indicates whether or not a peptide has ion channel-forming properties and is therefore an ionophore. As used herein, an ion channel-forming peptide is a peptide which has ion channel-forming properties as determined by the method of Christensen, et al.
An amphiphilic peptide is a peptide which includes both hydrophobic and hydrophilic peptide regions.
The compounds may be administered in an amount effective to treat or prevent septic shock in a host. " Preferably, the compounds are administered in an amount of from about 1 μg/kg to about 5 mg/kg per host weight. The compounds may be administered to a host in vivo, such as, for example, through systemic administration, such as intravenous or intraperitoneal administration.
The compounds are administered in combination with an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle such as a filler, non-toxic buffer, or physiological saline solution. The compounds may also be used in combination with adjuvants, protease inhibitors, or compatible drugs.
In one embodiment, the peptide is a basic (positively charged) polypeptide having at least sixteen amino acids wherein the polypeptide includes at least eight hydrophobic amino acids and at least eight hydrophilic amino acids. Still more particularly, the hydrophobic amino acids are in groups of two adjacent amino acids, and each group of two hydrophobic amino acids is spaced from another group of two hydrophobic amino acids by at least one amino acid other than a hydrophobic amino acid (preferably at least two amino acids) and generally by no greater than four amino acids, and the amino acids between pairs of hydrophobic amino acids may or may not be hydrophilic.
The hydrophilic amino acids are generally also in groups of two adjacent amino acids in which at least one of the two amino acids is a basic hydrophilic amino acid, with such groups of two hydrophilic amino acids being spaced from each other by at least one amino acid other than a hydrophilic amino acid (preferably at least two amino acids) and generally no greater than four amino acids, and the amino acids between pairs of hydrophilic amino acids may or may not be hydrophobic.
In accordance with a particularly preferred embodiment, the polypeptide comprises a chain of at least four groups of amino acids, with each group consisting of four amino acids. Two of the four amino acids in each group are hydrophobic amino acids, and two of the four amino acids in each group are hydrophilic, with at least one of the hydrophilic amino acids in each group being a basic hydrophilic amino acid and the other being a basic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
The hydrophobic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Ala, Cys, Phe, Gly, lie, Leu, Met, Pro, Val, Trp, Tyr, norleucine (Nle), norvaline (Nva), and cyclohexylalanine (Cha) . The neutral hydrophilic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Asn, Gin, Ser, Thr and homoserine (Hse). The basic hydrophilic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Lys, Arg, His, Orn, homoarginine (Har), 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (Dbu), and p-aminophenylalanine.
Each of the groups of four amino acids may be of the sequence ABCD, BCDA, CDAB, or DABC, wherein A and B are each hydrophobic amino acids and may be the same or different, one of C or D is a basic hydrophilic amino acid, and the other of C or D is a basic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid and may be the same or different. In one embodiment, the polypeptide chain may comprise 5 or 6 groups of this sequence. In each group, each of A, B, C and D may be the same in some or all of the groups or may be different in some or all of the groups.
The polypeptide chain preferably has at least 20 amino acids, and no greater than 50 amino acids. It is to be understood, however, that the polypeptide does not have to consist entirely of the groups described above. The polypeptide may have amino acids extending from either or both ends of the noted groups forming the polypeptide chain and/or there may be amino acids between one or more of the at least four groups and still remain within the scope of the invention.
The groups of amino acids may be repeating groups of amino acids, or the amino acids in the various groups may vary provided that in each group of the at least four groups of amino acids there are two hydrophobic and two hydrophilic amino acids as hereinabove noted.
Thus the biologically active polypeptide may comprise a chain including at least four groups of amino acids, each containing four amino acids. Two of the four amino acids in each group are hydrophobic, at least one amino acid is basic hydrophilic, and the remaining one is basic or neutral hydrophilic, with the polypeptide chain preferably having at least 20 amino acids but no greater than 50 amino acids.
In one embodiment, each of the at least four groups of amino acids which are in the peptide chain is of the sequence A-B-C-D, B-C-D-A, C-D-A-B or D-A-B-C wherein A and
B are hydrophobic amino acids, one of C or D is a basic hydrophilic amino acid, and the other of C or D is basic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid. The resulting polypeptide chain, therefore, may have one of the following sequences:
(X1)a(A-B-C-D)n(Y1)b
(X2)a(B-C-D-A)n(Y2)b
(X.) (D-A-B-C) (Y„), wherein X1 is D; C-D- or B-C-D-, Y1 is -A or -A-B or -A-B-C
X_ is A-, D-A- or C-D-A-
Y_ is -B, -B-C or B-C-D
X_is B-, A-B-, D-A-B-
Y3 is -C. -C-D, -C-D-A
X4is C-, B-C-, A-B-C-
Y4 is -D, -D-A, -D-A-B a is 0 or 1; b iε O or l and n is at least 4.
It is to be understood that the peptide chain may include amino acids between the hereinabove noted groups of four amino acids provided that the spacing between such groups and the charge on the amino acids does not change the characteristics of the peptide chain which provide amphiphilicity and a positive charge and do not adversely affect the folding characteristics of the chain to that which is significantly different from one in which the hereinabove noted group of four amino acids are not spaced from each other.
As representative examples of such peptides, there may be mentioned.
I Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser- Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys
(SEQ ID N0:1)
II Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser- Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe- Ser-Lys. (SEQ ID NO:2)
III Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser- Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala- Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala- (SEQ ID NO:3)
IV Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala- Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala- Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe- (SEQ ID NO:4)
V Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser- Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser (SEQ ID NO:5)
The peptide may have amino acids extending from either end of the chain. For example, the chains may have a Ser-Lys sequence before the "Ala" end, and/or an Ala-Phe sequence after the "Lys" end. Other amino acid sequences may also be attached to the "Ala" and/or the "Lys" end.
Similarly, in any polypeptide chain having at least four groups of amino acids of the sequence as described above, the chain may have, for example, a C-D sequence before the first A-B-C-D group. Also other amino acid sequences may be attached to the "A" and/or the "D" end of one of these polypeptide chains. Also there may be amino acids in the chain which space one or more groups of the hereinabove noted four amino acids from each other. In accordance with another embodiment, the peptide may be a magainin peptide.
A magainin peptide is either a magainin such as magainin I, II or III or an analogue or derivative thereof. The magainin peptides preferably include the following basic peptide structure X_, ,, :
— R11-R11-R12 "Ri3_Rιι-Ri4"Ri2"Rιι' R14'R12"Rll"Rll"Rll"R14a' (R15)n"R14a"R14 " wherein R. . is a hydrophobic amino acid, R_,? is a basic hydrophilic amino acid; R13 is a hydrophobic, neutral hydrophilic, or basic hydrophilic amino acid; R- . and R, „
14 14a are hydrophobic or basic hydrophilic amino acids; R. j. is glutamic acid or aspartic acid, or a hydrophobic or a basic hydrophilic amino acid, and n is 0 or 1. In a preferred embodiment, R. _ is a hydrophobic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, R... is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R- ,. is glutamic acid or aspartic acid.
Thus, for example, a magainin peptide may include the following structure:
-V -Y — 12 12 where X. ? is the hereinabove described basic peptide structtuurree aanndd YY....,„ is
(ii) R 14a-Ri2
( iii ) RH~Rl4a'R12
(iv) R14"Rll"R14a"R12 where R... , R1?' RιΔ anc Rη are as Previously defined.
A magainin peptide may also have the following structure:
"X12"Z12" wherein 12 is as previously defined and Z1? is:
(i) Rlβ where R.& is a basic hydrophilic amino acid or asparagine or glutamine. (ii) R16-R17 where R.,.-, is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid, a hydrophobic amino acid, or a basic hydrophilic amino acid. Preferably, R-7 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
A magainin peptide may also have the following structure:
(Y12>a-Xl2"(Zl2)b where X-ι->, Y, -> and Z.., are as previously defined and a is 0 or 1 and b is 0 or 1.
The magainin peptides may also include the following basic peptide structure X-* *- -
"R14'Rll"R14a"R12~Rll"Rll"R12"R13" Rll-R14"R12-Rll-RirR12-' wherein R11'R12'R13' R14' and
R, „ are amino acids as hereinabove described. 14a
The magainin peptide may also include the following structure X -Z.-; wherein X,_ is the hereinabove described basic peptide structure and Z,„ is
^Rll>n^Rll>n^Rll)n-(R14a)n-(R15)n-(R14a)n^R14)n" wherein Rιi' R14' R14a' R15' R16' and R17 are as hereinabove described, and n is 0 or 1, and each n may be the same or different.
The magainin peptides generally include at least fourteen amino acids and may include up to forty amino acids. A magainin peptide preferably has 22 or 23 amino acids. Accordingly, the hereinabove described basic peptide structures of a magainin peptide may include additional amino acids at the amino end or at the carboxyl end, or at both ends.
As representative examples of such magainin peptides, there may be mentioned peptides having the following primary sequences as given in the accompanying sequence listing as well as appropriate analogues and derivatives thereof:
(a) (SEQ ID N0:6) (OH) or (NH2) (Magainin I)
SUBSTITUTESHEET(RULE28) (b) (SEQ ID NO:7) (OH) or (NH ) (Magainin II)
(c) (SEQ ID NO:8) (OH) or (NH2) (Magainin III)
The following are examples of peptide derivatives or analogs of the basic structure:
(d) (SEQ ID NO:9) (OH) or (NH2)
(e) (SEQ ID NO: 10) (OH) or (NH2)
(f) (SEQ ID NO.ll) (OH) or ( H2)
Magainin peptides are described in Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. Vol. 84 pp. 5449-53 (Aug. 87). The term "magainin peptides" as used herein refers to the basic magainin structure as well as derivatives and analogs thereof, including but not limited to the representative derivatives or analogs.
In accordance with a further embodiment, the peptide may be a PGLa peptide or an XPF peptide.
A PGLa peptide is either PGLa or an analogue or derivative thereof. The PGLa peptides preferably include the following basic peptide structure X Δ=
- 11-R 17-R 12-Rιι-R14*R14"R11" Rll"R14"R12*Rll"Rll"R12"Rll" Rll"Rll"R12" where R.. , R-. ->. R T Λ' anc* Rτ η are as previously defined.
The PGLa peptides generally include at least seventeen amino acids and may include as many as forty amino acids. Accordingly, the hereinabove described basic peptide structure for a PGLa peptide may include additional amino acids at the amino end or at the carboxyl end or at both the amino and carboxyl end.
Thus, for example, a PGLa peptide may have the following structure:
-V -Y -
14 14 where X, . is as previously defined and Y14 i s
( i ) Rn ;
( ii ) Ri "Rn where R.... and ^ . are as previously defined. For example, a PGLa peptide may also have the following structure:
~X14~Z14~ where X... is as previously defined; and Z_. _ is:
(i) R ; or
(ii) Rι Rn where R, , is as previously defined.
A PGLa peptide may also have the following structure: where X..; Y.. and Z.. are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1 and b is 0 or 1.
An XPF peptide is either XPF or an analogue or derivative thereof. The XPF peptides preferably include the following basic peptide structure X-,fi:
—R11-R17-R12-R11-R14-R18-R17-
Rll"R14'R12"Rll~Rll"R12~
RI RIΓ ^l-^-^lS^ll"' vherein R.._, , R-.->, R i4' Rι c anζi Rτ7 are as previously defined and R1R is glutamine or asparagine or a basic hydrophilic, or hydrophobic amino acid and, n is 0 or 1.
The XPF peptides generally include at least nineteen amino acids and may include up to forty amino acids. Accordingly, the hereinabove described basic peptide structure of XPF may include additional amino acids at the amino end, or at the carboxyl end or at both the amino and carboxyl ends.
Thus, for example, an XPF peptide may include the following structure:
"Y16"X16" where X., is as previously defined and Y_ _ is (i) R or
(ii) ι4-R where R. . and R. . are as previously defined.
An XPF peptide may include the following structure:
"X16"Z16" where X.. , is as previously defined and Z-., is
(i) R1:L; or
(ϋ) Rll"R18; or
(iii) R-.-R^g-Proline; or
(iv) R11-R18-Proline-R12
An XPF peptide may also have the following structure:
<Y16>a-X16-<Z16>b
where X-,,-, γ-ι c. and z-ιe are as previously defined: a is 0 or 1 and b is 0 or 1.
Preferred are XPF or PGLa peptides, which are characterized by the following primary amino acid sequences as given in the accompanying sequence listing:
PGLa : (SEQ ID NO: 12) (NH2)
XPF : (SEQ ID NO: 13)
A review of XPF and PGLa can be found in Hoffman et al, EMBO J. 2:711-714, 1983; Andreu, et al, J. Biochem. 149:531-535, 1985; Gibson, et al J. Biol. Chem. 261:5341-5349, 1986; and Giovannini, et al, Biochem J. 243:113-120, 1987.
In accordance with yet another embodiment, the peptide may be a CPF peptide or appropriate analogue or derivative thereof.
CPF peptides as well as analogues and derivatives thereof are herein sometimes referred to collectively as CPF peptides.
The CPF peptide may be one which includes the following basic peptide structure 20- ~R2l"R2l"R22~R22~R2l"R21~R23"R21~ _P _-P _p _P _p _p _p _p _ 21 21 κ23 21 Λ21 24 25 21 wherein Rp-. is a hydrophobic amino acid; R7 j is a hydrophobic amino acid or a basic hydrophilic amino acid;
R__ is a basic hydrophilic amino acid;
R ~ m is a hydrophobic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid; and
R25 is a basic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
The hereinabove basic structure is hereinafter symbolically indicated as X-,n-
The hydrophobic amino acids are Ala, Cys, Phe, Gly, lie, Leu, Met, Val, Trp, Tyr, norleucine (Nle), norvaline (Nva), and cyclohexylalanine (Cha) .
The neutral hydrophilic amino acids are Asn, Gin, Ser, Thr, and homoserine (Hse) .
The basic hydrophilic amino acids are Lys, Arg, His, Orn, homoarginine (Har), 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dbu), and p-aminophenylalanine.
The CPF peptide may include only the hereinabove noted amino acids or may include additional amino acids at the amino and/or carboxyl end or both the amino and carboxyl end. In general, the peptide does not include more than 40 amino acids.
The CPF peptides including the above basic structure preferably have from 1 to 4 additional amino acids at the amino end.
Accordingly, such preferred peptides may be represented by the structural formula:
inabove described basic peptide
( iii ) R21-R22"R25 ; °r
(iv) R22"R2l"R22~R25; PreferablY Glycine - R 21-R22-R25- wherein R-,,, R?2 and R25 are as previously defined.
The carboxyl end of the basic peptide structure may also have additional amino acids which may range from 1 to 13 additional amino acids.
In a preferred embodiment, the basic structure may have from 1 to 7 additional amino acids at the carboxyl end, which may be represented as follows:
"X20 " Z20 wherein
X is the hereinabove defined basic peptide structure and Z20 is
(i) R2l"' or
(ii) R21"R21"; or
(iii) R2l"R2l"R24; or
(iv) R21-R21"R24-R24; °r
(v) R2rR2l"R24-R24-R26; or (vi) R21-R21-R24-R24-R26-Gln; or
(vii) R21-R2-j-R24-R24-R26-Gln-Gln, wherein R* . and R„4 are as previously defined, and R„fi is proline or a hydrophobic amino acid.
Preferred peptides may be represented by the following structural formula
^20 3 " X20 " (Z20Jb
wherein X20/ Y20 and Z20 are as previously defined and a is 0 or 1 and b is 0 or 1.
Representative examples of CPF peptides which may be employed, some of which have been described in the literature, include the following sequences as given in the accompanying sequence listing: (SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15) (SEQ ID NO: 16)
(SEQ ID NO: 17) '
(SEQ ID NO: 18)
(SEQ ID NO: 19)
(SEQ ID NO:20)
(SEQ ID NO:21)
(SEQ ID NO:22)
(SEQ ID NO:23)
(SEQ ID NO:24)
(SEQ ID NO:25)
(SEQ ID NO:26)
A review of the CPF peptides can be found in Richter, K. ,
Egger, R. , and Kreil (1986) J. Biol. Chem 261, 3676-3680;
Wakabayashi, T., Kato, H. , and Tachibaba, S. (1985) Nucleic
Acids Research 13, 1817-1828; Gibson, B.W., Poulter, L. ,
Williams, D.H., and Maggio, J.E. (1986) J. Biol. Chem 261,
5341-5349.
In accordance with yet another embodiment, the peptide may include one of the following basic structures X_, through X-,7 wherein:
X is -[R31-R32-R32-R33-R31-R32-R32
31 n X32 is -[R32 "R32"R33"R3l"R32"R32"R31 n X33 ls "[R32'R33"R3l"R32"R32"R3l"R32 n X34 1S " R33-R3l"R32~R32"R3l"R32~R32 "n X35 is -lR31-R 32-R32"R3l"R32"R32"R33 n X36 1S " R32"R32~R31~R32~R32"R33"R31 n and X37 is "[R32'R3l"R32~R32"R33"R3l"R32 n wherein R_, is a basic hydrophilic amino acid, R__ is a hydrophobic amino acid, R__ is a neutral hydrophilic, basic hydrophilic, or hydrophobic amino acid, and n is from 2 to 5.
The basic hydrophilic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Lys, Arg, His, Orn, homoarginine (Har), 2, -diaminobutyric acid (Dbu), and p-aminophenylalanine.
The hydrophobic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Ala, Cys, Phe, Gly, lie, Leu, Met, Pro, Val, Trp and Tyr,norleucine (Nle), norvaline (Nva), and cyclohexylalanine (Cha) .
The neutral hydrophilic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Asn, Gin, Ser, Thr, and homoserine (Hse).
In accordance with one embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X31. the peptide may include the following structure:
Y-.-X--., wherein X_, is as hereinabove described, and
(v) R32-R33-R31-R32-R32; or
(vi) R32-R32-R33-R31-R32-R32, wherein R31, R32, and R33 are as hereinabove described
In accordance with another embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X_- , the peptide may include the following structure:
X31-Z31, wherein X-,, is as hereinabove described, and
(v) R31-R32-R32-R33-R31; or (vi) R31-R32-R32-R33-R31-R32.
In accordance with yet another embodiment, the peptide may include the following structure: (Y31) -X31"(Z3τ )γx' wherein Y.,. and Z31 are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.
When the peptide includes the structure X.„, the peptide may include the following structure:
Y37 - X-,- wherein X3„ is as hereinabove described, and
Y32 is;
(i) R31;
(ii) R32-R31;
(iii) R32-R32-R31;
(iv) R 31-R 32-R32~R31;
(v) R33-R31-R32-R32-R31; or
(vi) R32-R33-R31-R32-R32-R31.
In another embodiment, when the peptide includes the ide may include the following
___ is as hereinabove described, and
(iv) R32-R32-R33-R31; (v) R32-R32-R33-R31-R32; or (vi) R32-R32-R33-R31-R32-R32.
In accordance with yet another embodiment, the peptide may include the following structure:
(Y32}a " X32 " (Z32}b' wherein Y 32 and Z32 are aS previously defined, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.
In accordance with another embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X__, the peptide may include the following structure:
Y 33 ~ X 33 wnerein X33 s as hereinabove described, and
33 IS:
(i) R32;
(ii) R31-R32; (iϋ) R32-R31-R32 ;
(iv) R 32-R 32-R3i-R32 ;
<v> R3 R32"R32"R3l"R32; °r
(vi) 33-R3 R32-R 32- 31-R32' wherein R31, R32, and
R3_,3_ are as hereinabove described.
In accordance with another embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X33. the peptide may include the following structure:
X 33 ~ Z 33 wnerein X 3 s as hereinabove described, and
Z33 iS:
(i) R32;
(ii) R32-R33;
(iii) R32-R33-R31;
(iv) R32-R33-R31-R32;
(V) R32-R33-R31-R32-R32; or
(vi) R32-R33-R31-R32-R32-R31.
In accordance with yet another embodiment, the peptide may include the following structure:
(Y33>a " X33 " (Z33>b' wherein Y33 and Z33 are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.
In accordance with yet another embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X-,4, the peptide may include the following structure:
Y34 - X34. wherein X34 is as hereinabove described, and
wherein R 31 32 and R 33 In accordance with another embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X34, the peptide may include the following structure:
X34-Z34, wherein X34 is as hereinabove described, and Z34 is:
(i) R33; (ii) R33-R31; (iii) R33-R31-R32; (iv) R33-R31-R32-R32;
(v) R33-R31-R32-R 32-R31 ; or (vi) R33-R31-R32-R 32-R31-R32- In accordance with yet another embodiment, the peptide may include the following structure:
(Y34)a" X34" (Z34 b' wherein x 34 nd z 34 are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.
In accordance with a further embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X-i *- , the peptide may include the following structure:
Y-..-X-,-. wherein X-,. is as hereinabove described, and
Y35 is:
(i) R33;
(ii) R32-R33; (iii) R32-R32-R33;
(V) R32-R31-R32-R32-R33; or (vi) R_?-R3_-R31-R3„-R32-R3 , wherein R31, R 3 . and R_~ are as hereinabove described.
In accordance with another embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X3c, the peptide may include the following structure:
X--. - Z-j. wherein X. ,. is as hereinabove described, and
J35 IS:
(i) Λ31' (ϋ) R3l"R32; (iii) R31-R32-R32; (iv) R 31-R 32-R 32"R 31;
(V) R3 R32-R32_R31-R32; °r (vi) R31-R32-R32-R31-R32-R32.
In accordance with yet another embodiment, the peptide may include the following structure: Y35>a- X35 (Z35>b' wherein X 35 and Z35 are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.
In accordance with a further embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X3β. the peptide may include the following structure:
Y3_6- - X3m.r6 wherein X3_c6 is as hereinabove described, and
includes the structure X-**-, the peptide may include the following structure:
X3_6,-Z3_,6-, wherein X3,,6, is as hereinabove described, and
Z36 is:
(i) R32;
(ii) R32-R32;
(iii) R32-R32-R31;
(iv) R32-R32-R31-R32;
(v) R32-R 32-R31-R32-R 32; or
(vi) R32-R32-R31-R32-R32-R33. In accordance with yet another embodiment, the peptide may include the following structure: (Y3_c6)'a- X3_c6 (Z3_c6),b, wherein Y3_6, and Z36, are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.
In accordance with one embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X37, the peptide may includes the structure Y_7-X_7, wherein X_7 is as hereinabove described, and Y_7 is:
(i) R32; (ii) R31-R32; (iii) R33-R31-R32; (iv) R32-R33-R31-R32;
(v) R32-R32-R33-R31-R32; or (vi) R31-R32-R32-R33-R31-R32, wherein R.,- , 32, and R_3 are as hereinabove described.
In accordance with a further embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X-,7. the peptide may include the following structure: is as hereinabove described, and
(iii) R32-R31-R 32 ;
(iv) R32-R31-R32-R32;
(v) R32-R31-R32-R32-R33 or
(Vi) R32-R31-R32-R32-R33-R31.
In accordance with yet another embodiment, the peptide may include the following structure:
(Y_7) - X_7 (Z„7)b, wherein Y_7 and Z37 are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.
In a preferred embodiment, n is 3, and most preferably the peptide is of one of the following structures as given in the accompanying sequence listing:
(Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala)3 (SEQ ID NO:27).
(Lys He Ala Lys He Ala Gly)3 (SEQ ID NO:28).
(Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Gly)3 (SEQ ID N0:29). (Lys Leu Ala Gly Lys Leu Ala)3 (SEQ ID NO: 30).
(Lys Phe Ala Gly Lys Phe Ala)3 (SEQ ID N0.31).
(Lys Ala Leu Ser Lys Ala Leu)3 (SEQ ID NO:32).
(Lys Leu Leu Lys Ala Leu Gly)3 (SEQ ID NO:33).
(Lys Ala He Gly Lys Ala He). (SEQ ID N0:34).
(Gly He Ala Lys He Ala Lys)3 (SEQ ID NO:35).
(Lys He Ala Lys He Phe Gly)3 (SEQ ID NO: 36).
(Gly He Ala Arg He Ala Lys)3 (SEQ ID NO:37).
(Lys Phe Ala Arg He Ala Gly)3 (SEQ ID NO:38).
(Gly Phe Ala Lys He Ala Lys)3 (SEQ ID NO:39).
(Lys He Ala Gly Orn He Ala)3 (SEQ ID N0:40).
(Lys He Ala Arg He Ala Gly)3 (SEQ ID NO: 41).
(Orn He Ala Gly Lys He Ala)3 (SEQ.. ID NO: 42).
(Gly He Ala Arg He Phe Lys)3 (SEQ ID NO: 43).
(Lys Nle Ala Gly Lys Nle Ala)3 (SEQ ID NO: 4).
(Lys Nle Ala Gly Lys He Ala)3 (SEQ ID N0:45).
(Lys He Ala Gly Lys Nle Ala)3 (SEQ ID N0:46).
(Lys Nva Ala Gly Lys Nva Ala)g (SEQ ID NO:47).
(Lys Nva Ala Gly Lys He Ala)3 (SEQ ID NO: 48).
(Lys Leu Leu Ser Lys Leu Gly)., (SEQ ID NO: 49).
(Lys Leu Leu Ser Lys Phe Gly)3 (SEQ ID NO: 50).
(Lys He Ala Gly Lys Nva Ala)3 (SEQ ID NO: 51).
(His He Ala Gly His He Ala)3 (SEQ ID NO:52).
(Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys He). (SEQ ID NO:53).
(He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys)3 (SEQ ID NO:54).
(Lys He Ala Gly Arg He Ala)3 (SEQ ID NO:55).
(Arg He Ala Gly Arg He Ala)3 (SEQ ID NO:56).
(Lys Val Ala Gly Lys He Ala)3 (SEQ ID NO:57).
(Lys He Ala Gly Lys Val Ala)3 (SEQ ID NO:58).
(Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys He). (SEQ ID NO:59).
(Orn He Ala Gly Orn He Ala)3 (SEQ ID NO: 60).
(Lys Phe Ala Gly Lys He Ala)3 (SEQ ID NO: 61).
(Lys He Ala Gly Lys Phe Ala)3 (SEQ ID NO: 62).
(Lys Cha Ala Gly Lys He Ala)3 (SEQ ID NO: 63). (Lys Nle Ala Lys He Ala Gly)3 (SEQ ID NO: 64).
(Arg He Ala Gly Lys He Ala)3 (SEQ ID NO: 65).
(Har He Ala Gly Har He Ala)3 (SEQ ID NO: 66).
(Xaa He Ala Gly Lys He Ala)3 (SEQ ID NO:67).
(Lys He Ala Gly Xaa He Ala)3 (SEQ ID NO:68). Lys He Ala (Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala)3 (SEQ ID NO: 69) In (SEQ ID NO:67) and (SEQ ID NO:68), Xaa is p-aminophenylalanine.
In accordance with another embodiment, the amphiphilic peptide includes the following basic structure X4n:
R3l"R32~R32"R33"R34~R32~R32"R3l"R32"R32"R32~R34_R32"R32' wherein R_-, , R-,-,, and R„_ are as hereinabove described, and R_4 is a basic hydrophilic or hydrophobic amino acid.
In accordance with one embodiment, the peptide may include the following structure:
Y4n-X.n, wherein X4n is as hereinabove described, and
Y40 is:
(i) R32;
(ii) R32-R32;
(iii) R34-R32-R32;
(iv) R33-R34-R32-R32;
(V) R32-R33-R34-R32-R32;
(v) R32-R32-R33-R34-R32-R32, or
(vii) R31-R32-R32-R33-R34-R32-R32,wherein R3]_, R32,
33 34 are as hereinabove described.
In accordance with another embodiment, the peptide may include the following structure:
X.n-Z4n, wherein X... is as hereinabove described and
Z40 is;
(i) R31; (ii) R31-R32; (iii) R31-R32-R32;
(iv) R —R —R —P 31 32 32 33' ( v) R3 1-R32-R 32-R 33 -R34 ;
( vi ) 3 1-R32-R32 -R33-R34-R32 ; or
(vii) R31-R32-R32-R33-R34-R32-R32, wherein R31. R32, R_3, and R~ . are as hereinabove described.
In accordance with yet another embodiment the peptide may include the following structure:
(Y40)a'X40"(Z40)b' wherein γ 40 and Z40 are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1. In a preferred embodiment, the peptide has the following structural formula as given in the accompanying sequence listing:
(SEQ ID NO: 70)
In another preferred embodiment, the peptide has the following structural formula as given in the accompanying sequence listing:
(SEQ ID NO: 71)
In accordance with a further embodiment, the peptide has one of the one of the following structural formulae as given in the accompanying sequence listing:
(SEQ ID NO:72)
(SEQ ID NO:73)
(SEQ ID NO:74)
(SEQ ID NO:75)
(SEQ ID NO:76)
(SEQ ID NO:77)
(SEQ ID NO:78)
(SEQ ID NO: 79)
(SEQ ID NO:80)
(SEQ ID NO:81)
(SEQ ID NO:82)
(SEQ ID NO: 83)
(SEQ ID NO:84)
(SEQ ID NO:85)
(SEQ ID NO:86) ( SEQ ID NO : 87 )
In accordance with another embodiment, the peptide may include the following structural formula:
- (Lys He Ala Lys Lys He Ala)- , wherein n is from 2 to 5. Preferably, n is 3, and the peptide has the following structural formula:
(Lys He Ala Lys Lys He Ala)3
(SEQ ID NO:88)
In accordance with another embodiment, the peptide may include the following structural formula:
-(Lys Phe Ala Lys Lys Phe Ala)- wherein n is from 2 to 5.
Preferably, n is 3, and the peptide has the following structural formula:
(Lys Phe Ala Lys Lys Phe Ala)3
(SEQ ID NO:89)
In accordance with another embodiment, the peptide may include the following structural formula:
-(Lys Phe Ala Lys Lys He Ala)- wherein n is from 2 to 5. Preferably n is 3, and the peptide has the following structural formula:
(Lys Phe Ala Lys Lys He Ala)3
(SEQ ID NO:90) .
In accordance with another embodiment, the peptide may be selected from the group consisting of the following structural formulae as given in the accompanying sequence listing:
(SEQ ID NO:91)
(SEQ ID NO:92)
(SEQ ID NO:93)
(SEQ ID NO:94)
In accordance with yet another embodiment, the peptide may be a cecropin or sarcotoxin. The term cecropins includes the basic structure as well as analogues and derivatives thereof. The cecropins and analogues and derivatives thereof are described in Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 1987, Vol. 41, pages 103-26, in particular page 108, and in Christensen, et al., PNAS Vol. 85, pgs. 5072-76, which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The term sarcotoxins includes the basic materials as well as analogues and derivatives thereof. The sarcotoxins and analogues and derivatives thereof are described in Molecular Entomology, pages 369-78, in particular page 375, Alan R. Liss, Inc. (1987), which is hereby incorporated by reference.
In another embodiment, the amphiphilic peptide includes the following basic structure X--:
R4l'R42'R42"R4l'R42'R42"R4l"R4l"R42"R4l"R41-
R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R4_ is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
In one embodiment, the peptide includes the basic structure Yr0-X n wherein X_0 is as hereinabove described and Y50 is:
(i) R41 ;
(ii) R42"R41 or (iii) R 42"R 42"R 4i' wherein R4- and R42 are as hereinabove described.
In one embodiment, R4-. is leucine. In another embodiment, R4? is lysine. Representative examples of such peptides include those having the following structures:
(SEQ ID NO 95)
(SEQ ID NO 96)
(SEQ ID NO 97)
(SEQ ID NO 98)
In accordance with another embodiment, the amphiphilic peptide includes the following basic structure X..- : R42'R4l"R42"R42"R4l"R4l"R42'R42~R4l"R42"R42' wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid and R._ is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
In one embodiment R.. is leucine. In another embodiment, R4? is lysine.
In one embodiment, the peptide includes the basic structure Y-.-X,-., wherein X-.-, is as hereinabove described, and Y5_ is:
(i) R42 ;
(iϋ) R 4r 4rR 42;
(iv) R42-R4l"R4rR42 or (v) R42'R42"R4l"R4l"R42-
In one embodiment, the peptide may have the following structure: Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu
5 10
Leu Lys Lys Leu Arg Arg
15 (SEQ ID NO:99)
In another embodiment, the peptide includes the basic structure X oZ„ - Z b,-Z0, wherein X ocZ is as hereinabove described, and Z,--> is:
(i) R 41 ; (ii) R 4ι_R 4ι;
(iϋ) R41~R4l"R42; ( iv) R 4ΓR4 R42 "R42 ; or (v) R4l"R4l"R42"R42"R41 ;
In one embodiment, the peptide may have the following structure: Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu 5 10
15
(SEQ ID NO: 100)
In another embodiment, the peptide may include the structure:
(Y52}a " X52 " (Z52>b' wherein X 52' Y52 and Z52 are aε hereinabove described, and a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.
In accordance with another embodiment, the peptide includes the following basic structure X54 : "R4 R 2"R42"R4 R4 R 2"R42_R R42"R42"R4 R R 2_R42 "R-
43" ' wherein R, , and R, _, are as hereinabove described, and R,„ 41 42 43 is a netural hydrophilic amino acid.
In one embodiment, the peptide may have the following structure:
(SEQ ID NO: 101)
In another embodiment, the peptide may have the following structure:
(SEQ ID NO: 102)
In accordance with yet another embodiment, the peptide includes the following basic structure X ,:
JO
R4 R42-R4 R4 R42-R42-R4 R41-R42-R42-R44' wherein R41 and R,„ are as hereinabove described, and R, , is a neutral 42 44 hydrophilic amino acid or proline.
In one embodiment, the peptide may include the following structure Y,__-Xς_, wherein X . is the basic peptide structure hereinabove described, and Y_._ is: (i) -R41 (ii) -R41-R41;
(iii) "R42"R4l"R41;
(iv) -R41-R42-R41-R41;
(v "R4 R4 R42"R4l"R41; (vi) -R42-R4 R4 R42"R4 R4I; or
(vii) -R 42 "R 2"R R4 R4 R42"R4 R41' wherein R, , and R,„ are as hereinabove described. 41 42
In one embodiment, the peptide may include the structure:
Xr,-Z.,. wherein Xr, is as hereinabove described, and 5o 5D _>O
(vi) -R42-R42-R41.R41-R42-R42; or
(vϋ) -R 2-R42-R4lΛ R42-R42-R4r
In a preferred embodiment, the peptide may have one of the following structures:
(SEQ ID NO: 103); or
(SEQ ID NO: 104). In another embodiment, the peptide may have the structure (Yr/_) -Xr.-""(Zr,), , wherein Xr,, Y_-, and Zr. are 56 a 56 JO D _>O DO _»6 as hereinabove described, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.
In accordance with another embodiment, the peptide includes the following basic structure Xco:
_>->
R4 R4 R42"R42"R4 R42"R42"R4 R4l"R42"R42"R4 R43' wherein R, , , R, „ and R, „ are as hereinabove described. 41 42 43
In accordance with another embodiment, the peptide may include the structure Yc -Xco, wherein Xro is as
JO ->0 DO hereinabove described, and Y;.. is:
_>o
(i) -R41; (ϋ) -R42-R41; (iii) -R42-R42-R41;
( ) "R4l"R4 R42-R42"R41; (vi) - 42-R4 R41-R42-R 2-R41' °r
(vii) -R 42-R42'R41-R4 R42_R42'R41' wherein R 41 and R, _ are as hereinabove described. 42
In another embodiment, the peptide includes the structure XCD-Zco, wherein Xe is as hereinabove described,
JO JO JO
(v _R4 R45"R45-R43'R41;
(vi) -R41-R45-R45_R43- 41-R43;
(vii) -R41-R45-R45_R43-R41-R 3-R43,
(viii) -R 1-R45-R45.R43-R41-R43-R43-R 5; or
( ix) -R4 χ -R45 - 45 _R43 -R4 χ -R43 -R43 -R45 -R43 , wherein R, _ and R, „ are as hereinabove described, and R, _ 41 43 45 is proline.
In one embodiment, the peptide has the following structure:
(SEQ ID NO: 105).
In one embodiment, the peptide may have the structure
Z58 are as hereinabove described, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.
In accordance with another embodiment, the peptide includes the following basic structure X,_: ou
R4 R4 R43"R42"R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4i"R42"R4 R4 R42"
R42~R4l"
R4 R42"R42_R42"R41' herein R4i' R 42' and R43 are as hereinabove described. In one embodiment, the peptide may have the following structure:
(SEQ ID NO: 106).
In another embodiment, the peptide may include the structure ~~o*nU~~to^nU* wherein X,o,U,, is as hereinabove described, and Z,_. is: ou
(i - 42> ii) -R 42-R42; (ϋi) -R42-R42-R41.
y) "R42"R42"R41-R4l"R42;
(vi) -R42-R42-R41-R4 R42-R42; °r
(vii) -R42-R42-R41_R41-R42-R42-R41.
In accordance with yet another embodiment, the peptide has a structure selected from the group consisting of:
(a R4 R42"R42"R4l"R42~R42"R41;
(b) R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41;
(c) 42-R 1- 41-R42-R 42-R 41-R 42-R 42-R 41;
(d) R42-R 42-R R4 R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R4 and
(e) R 41-R 42-R 2 "R4 R4 R42"R42"R4 R42"R42"R41' wherein R, , and R, „ are as hereinabove described. 41 42
In one embodiment, the peptide has the structure (a), and a representative example of such a structure is (SEQ ID NO: 107), which is given in the accompanying sequence listing.
In another embodiment, the peptide has the structure (b), and a representative example of such a structure is (SEQ ID NO: 108), which is given in the accompanying sequence listing.
In another embodiment, the peptide has the structure (c), and a representative example of such a structure is (SEQ ID NO: 109) as given the accompanying sequence listing.
In yet another embodiment, the peptide has the structure (d), and a representative example of such a structure is (SEQ ID NO:110) as given in the accompanying sequence listing.
In a further embodiment, the peptide has the structure (e), and representative examples of such a structure are (SEQ* ID NO: 111) and (SEQ ID NO: 112) as given in the accompanying sequence listing.
In accordance with another embodiment, the peptide has the following structural formula:
(SEQ ID NO: 113).
In accordance with another embodiment, the peptide is melittin.
Melittin is an amphipathic peptide consisting of 26 amino acid residues, and is isolated from honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom. The peptide is known to be cytolytic. See Habermann, et al., Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift Phvsiol. Chem., Vol. 348, pgs. 37-50 (1987). Melittin has the following structural formula as represented by the three-letter amino acid code: Gly He Gly Ala Val Leu Lys Val Leu
5 Thr Thr Gly Leu Pro Ala Leu He Ser 10 15 Trp He Lys Arg Lys Arg Gin Gin
20 25
(SEQ ID NO: 114)
In another embodiment, the peptide purified in accordance with the present invention is an apidaecin. The term apidaecin as used herein includes the basic structure as well as analogues and derivaties thereof. Apidaecins are further described in European Patent Application No. 299,828.
In accordance with another embodiment, the peptide may be an amide - or carboxy-terminated peptide represented by the following structural formula, and the numbers below each amino acid residue refer to the position of the residue in the peptide:
Leu Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 (SEQ ID NO: 115) or the peptide may be an analogue of such peptide wherein at least one of amino acide residues 1 through 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, or 18 is deleted from the peptide.
In one embodiment, at least one of amino acid residues 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, or 18 is deleted from the peptide. In other embodiments, amino acid residues 1 through 3, 1 through 4, 1 through 5, 1 through 6, and 1 through 7 are deleted from the peptide.
In preferred embodiments, amino acid residues 1 through 3 or 1 through 4 are deleted from the peptide, and such peptides have the following structural formulae: (SEQ ID NO: 116) (SEQ ID NO: 117) In accordance with another embodiment, the peptide includes the following structural formula ~~ (-*) -
R4l"R4l"R42"R41"R4l'R42"R42"R4l"R4l'R42"R42"
R4l"R42"R42' wherein R, is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R, is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid. In one embodiment, R, is leucine, and in another embodiment, R,_ is lysine. In a preferred embodiment, the peptide has the following structure:
Leu Leu Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys
5 10
(SEQ ID NO: 118)
In accordance with another embodiment, the peptide includes the following structural formula X.. :
64
R42_R4 R4 R 2"R42"R4 R42"R42"R4 R4 R 2"R42
"R4l"R41 , wherein R,_ is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R, is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid. In one embodiment, R _ is leucine, and in another embodiment, R, is lysine. In a preferred embodiment, the peptide has the following structural formula:
Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu 5 10
(SEQ ID NO: 119) In another embodiment, the peptide includes the following structural formula ~~ (-(- -
R4 R4l"R42"R42"R4 R42"R42"R4 R4 R42'R42"R4 R41' wherein R, _ is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R,_ is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
In one embodiment, the peptide may include the following structure:
X_:_-"Z,,, wherein ~~, , is as hereinabove described and 66 66 66
Z66 ls :
( i) R42 ;
( ii) R42-R41 ; or
( iii) R42-R 1-R r
In one embodiment, R, , is leucine, and in another
41 embodiment, R is lysine. In a preferred embodiment, the peptide has the following structural formula: Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys
5 10
Leu Leu 15
(SEQ ID NO: 120)
In yet another embodiment, the peptide may include the following structural formula X^r,:
R42'R42"R4 R R42_R42_R4 R4 R42'R42"R4 R4
R4_-R, _-R4_ , wherein R _ is a hydrophobic amino acid, and
R,„ is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid. In one embodiment, R, is leucine, and in another embodiment, R, is lysine. In a preferred embodiment, the peptide has the following structural formula:
Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys
5 10
Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu
15
(SEQ ID NO: 121)
The peptide may also include acetyl or octanoyl groups at the N-terminal, such groups sometimes hereinafter being indicated as Ac- and Oct-, respectively.
In one embodiment, each amino acid residue of the peptide is a D-amino acid residue or a glycine residue.
In another embodiment, each amino acid residue of the peptide is an L-amino acid residue or a glycine residue. In yet another embodiment, the amino acid residues of the peptide which are not glycine residues may be a mixture of D-amino acid residues and L-amino acid residues.
The invention will now be described with respect to the following examples; however, the scope of the present invention is not intended to be limited thereby.
Example 1 A. Conjugation of peptides to dextran. The following peptides: (SEQ ID N0:89)-NH2; Ac-(SEQ ID N0:99)-NH2; 0ct-(SEQ ID N0:111)-NH ; Ac-(SEQ ID N0:116)-NH2; Ac-(SEQ ID N0:117)-NH2; D-(SEQ ID N0:117)-NH , wherein each amino acid residue is a D-amino acid residue; Ac-(SEQ ID N0:121)-NH2; (SEQ ID N0:123)-NH2; D-(SEQ ID N0:123)-NH , wherein each amino acid residue is a D-amino acid residue or a glycine residue; and
Ac-(SEQ ID N0:124)-NH2 were conjugated to dextran. Such conjugation was carried out as follows: l.Og of dextran (molecular weight 70,000-200,000) is dissolved in 50 ml of deionized water. 0.05 to 0.52g of sodium periodate is added. The reaction mixture is -4.1-
stirred for 2 hours at room temperature, and then dialyzed over 4 liters of water for 4 hours using MWCO 1000. The oxidized dextran is mixed with 0.3g-1.0g of peptide which is dissolved in sodium bicarbonate buffer (pH 8.0-9.0), and left in a cold room for 6 to 8 hours. The mixture was then reduced with from 3 to 30ml of 6% sodium borohydride solution for 6 to 24 hours. The reaction is then acidified with acetic acid and dialyzed for 3 to 4 days over 10 liters using MWCO and lyophilized.
B. Conjugation of peptide to hetastarch.
Ac-(SEQ ID N0:117)-NH was conjugated to hetastarch as follows:
15 ml of Hespan hetastarch (molecular weight 70,000) solution was cooled in an ice bath and 50 mg of l-cyano-4-dimethylamino-pyridinium tetrafluoroborate was added, followed by 0.5ml of triethylamine solution. A mixture of ethanol/HCl (50m. /0.5ml) was then added, and the precipitate was filtered and dissolved in 35 ml of saturated NaHC0„ and water. The peptide was subsequently added as a powder to the reaction mixture and stirred at 4°C overnight. It was then dialyzed over 50,000 MWCO for 4 days over 10 liters of water and lyophilized.
C. Formation of a multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) conjugate. Multiple antigenic peptides are peptides built onto a brached polylysine matrix. The polylysine matrix is comprised of 7 lysine residues built on a solid phase resin with a B-alanine spacer. Multiple antigenic peptides serve as a model for peptide-protein conjugates. The synthesis of the multiple antigenic peptide conjugate is carried out using solid phase methodology on an ABI-431 peptide synthesizer. (SEQ ID NO: 122) is built on the matrix such that eight copies of (SEQ ID NO: 122) are attached to the matrix. The cleavage and purification of the MAP peptides are carried out using standard methodology.
Example 2
Thirteen groups of CD-I mice, with each group having 10 mice, were given actinomycin D in order to sensitize the mice to endotoxin. Each mouse ws injected with 20 micrograms of endotoxin. A control group of mice received an intraperitoneal challenge of from O.lmg to l.Omg of Endotoxin 0111:B4. The other groups of mice received an intraperitoneal challenge of from O.lmg to l.Omg of Endotoxin 0111:B4 and from O.lmg to 7mg of one of the peptide conjugates described in Example 1. The conjugates had a peptide/polymer ratio of from 3% to 25% wt./wt. The conjugates were premixed with the endotoxin for 30 minutes prior to the intraperitoneal challenge. Survivors were assessed on a daily basis for 7 days. The ratio of the number of survivors in each of the conjugate treatment groups at Day 2 and Day 7 to the number of survivors in the control groups is given in Table 1 below.
Table 1 Conjugate Survivor Ratio
Day 2 Day 7 (SEQ ID N0:89)-NH2-dextran 3.3 9
Ac-(SEQ ID N0:99)-NH2-dextran 3.3 8 0ct-(SEQ ID NO:lll)-NH2-dextran 10 10 Ac-(SEQ ID N0:116)-NH2-dextran 4.5 4 Ac-(SEQ ID NO: 117)-NH -dextran 5 8 D-(SEQ ID NO: 117)-NH -dextran 9 8
Ac-(SEQ ID NO:117)-NH2-hetastarch 2.5 1 Ac-(SEQ ID NO: 121)-NH -dextran 3.3 9 (SEQ ID NO: 122)-MAP 3.5 2
(SEQ ID NO: 123)-NH -dextran 3.5 5
D-(SEQ ID N0:123)-NH2-dextran 4 3 0ct-(SEQ ID N0:124)-NH2-dextran 3.3 9
It is to be understood, however, that the scope of the present invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention may be practiced other than as particularly described and still be within the scope of the accompanying claims. SEQUE CE LISTING
(1) GENERAL INFORMATION:
(i) APPLICANT: Williams, Taffy J.
Hendi, Mukta Rao, Meena
(ii) TITLE OF INVENTION: Treatment of Septic Shock with
Conjugated Biologically Active Peptides
(iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES:
(iv) CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS:
(A) ADDRESSEE: Carella, Byrne, Bain, Gilfillan,
Cecchi & Stewart
(B) STREET: 6 Becker Farm Road
(C) CITY: Roseland
(D) STATE: New Jersey
(E) COUNTRY: USA
(F) ZIP: 07068
(V) COMPUTER READABLE FORM:
(A) MEDIUM TYPE: 3.5 inch diskette
(B) COMPUTER: IBM PS/2
(C) OPERATING SYSTEM: PC-DOS
(D) SOFTWARE: DW4.V2
(Vi) CURRENT APPLICATION DATA:
(A) APPLICATION NUMBER: 07/987,443
(B) FILING DATE: 07-DEC-1992
(C) CLASSIFICATION: (vii) PRIOR APPLICATION DATA:
(A) APPLICATION NUMBER:
(B) FILING DATE:
(viii) ATTORNEY/AGENT INFORMATION:
(A) NAME: Olstein, Elliot M.
(B) REGISTRATION NUMBER: 24,025
(C) REFERENCE/DOCKET NUMBER: 421250-220
(ix) TELECOMMUNICATION INFORMATION:
(A) TELEPHONE: 201-994-1700
(B) TELEFAX: 201-994-1744
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:l:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 20 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(X) PUBLICATION INFORMATION:
(H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: W089/11290
(I) FILING DATE: 19-MAY-1989
(J) PUBLICATION DATE: 30-NOV-1989
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:l: Ala Phe Ser Lys Ala Phe Ser Lys Ala Phe
5 10
Ser Lys Ala Phe Ser Lys Ala Phe Ser Lys
15 20
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 24 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION:
(H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: W089/11290
(I) FILING DATE: 19-MAY-1989
(J) PUBLICATION DATE: 30-NOV-1989
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2: Ala Phe Ser Lys Ala Phe Ser Lys Ala Phe
5 10
Ser Lys Ala Phe Ser Lys Ala Phe Ser Lys
15 20
Ala Phe Ser Lys
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 16 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(X) PUBLICATION INFORMATION:
(H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: W089/11290
(I) FILING DATE: 19-MAY-1989
(J) PUBLICATION DATE: 30-NOV-1989 ( i) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3: Phe Ser Lys Ala Phe Ser Lys Ala Phe Ser
5 10
Lys Ala Phe Ser Lys Ala
15
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 20 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(X) PUBLICATION INFORMATION:
(H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: W089/11290
(I) FILING DATE: 19-MAY-1989
(J) PUBLICATION DATE: 30-NOV-1989
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4: Ser Lys Ala Phe Ser Lys Ala Phe Ser Lys
5 10
Ala Phe Ser Lys Ala Phe Ser Lys Ala Phe
15 20
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 16 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION:
(H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: W089/11290
(I) FILING DATE: 19-MAY-1989
(J) PUBLICATION DATE: 30-NOV-1989
(Xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5: Lys Ala Phe Ser Lys Ala Phe Ser Lys Ala
5 10
Phe Ser Lys Ala Phe Ser
15
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 6: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 23 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: Magainin I peptide.
(x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION:
(A) AUTHOR: Zasloff, Michael
(C) JOURNAL: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
(D) VOLUME: 84
(F) PAGES: 5449-5453
(G) DATE: AUG - 1987
(H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: US 4810777
(I) FILING DATE: 04-MAR-1987
(J) PUBLICATION DATE: 07-MAR-1989 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 6:
Gly lie Gly Lys Phe Leu His Ser Ala Gly
5 10
Lys Phe Gly Lys Ala Phe Val Gly Glu He
15 20
Met Lys Ser
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 7: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 23 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: Magainin II peptide.
(X) PUBLICATION INFORMATION:
(A) AUTHOR: Zasloff, Michael
(C) JOURNAL: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
(D) VOLUME: 84
(F) PAGES: 5449-5453
(G) DATE: AUG - 1987
(H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: US 4810777
(I) FILING DATE: 04-MAR-1987
(J) PUBLICATION DATE: 07-MAR-1989
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 7: Gly He Gly Lys Phe Leu His Ser Ala Lys
5 10
Lys Phe Gly Lys Ala Phe Val Gly Glu He
15 20
Met Asn Ser
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 22 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: Magainin III peptide.
(x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION:
(A) AUTHOR: Zasloff, Michael
(C) JOURNAL: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
(D) VOLUME: 84
(F) PAGES: 5449-5453
(G) DATE: AUG - 1987
(H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: US 4810777
(I) FILING DATE: 04-MAR-1987
(J) PUBLICATION DATE: 07-MAR-1989
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8: Gly He Gly Lys Phe Leu His Ser Ala Lys
5 10
Lys Phe Gly Lys Ala Phe Val Gly Glu He
15 20
Met Asn
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 22 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: magainin peptide.
(x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION:
(A) AUTHOR: Zasloff, Michael
(C) JOURNAL: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
(D) VOLUME: 84
(F) PAGES: 5449-5453
(G) DATE: AUG - 1987
(H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: US 4810777
(I) FILING DATE: 04-MAR-1987
(J) PUBLICATION DATE: 07-MAR-1989
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:9: He Gly Lys Phe Leu His Ser Ala Lys Lys
5 10
Phe Gly Lys Ala Phe Val Gly Glu He Met
15 20
Asn Ser
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 10: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: magainin peptide.
(x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION:
(A) AUTHOR: Zasloff, Michael
(C) JOURNAL: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
(D) VOLUME: 84
(F) PAGES: 5449-5453
(G) DATE: AUG - 1987
(H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: US 4810777
(I) FILING DATE: 04-MAR-1987
(J) PUBLICATION DATE: 07-MAR-1989
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 10:
Gly Lys Phe Leu His Ser Ala Lys Lys Phe
5 10
Gly Lys Ala Phe Val Gly Glu He Met Asn
15 20
Ser
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 11: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 20 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: magainin peptide.
(X) PUBLICATION INFORMATION:
(A) AUTHOR: Zasloff, Michael
(C) JOURNAL: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
(D) VOLUME: 84
(F) PAGES: 5449-5453
(G) DATE: AUG - 1987
(H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: US 4810777
(I) FILING DATE: 04-MAR-1987
(J) PUBLICATION DATE: 07-MAR-1989
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 11: Lys Phe Leu His Ser Ala Lys Lys Phe Gly
5 10
Lys Ala Phe Val Gly Glu He Met Asn Ser
15 20 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 12: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: PGLa peptide.
(x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION:
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 12 Gly Met Ala Ser Lys Ala Gly Ala He Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Lys Val Ala Leu Lys Ala
15 20
Leu
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 13: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 25 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: XPF peptide.
(X) PUBLICATION INFORMATION:
( G ) DATE : 1986
(A) AUTHOR: Giovannini, et al.
(C) JOURNAL: Biochem J.
(D) VOLUME: 243
(F) PAGES: 113-120
(G) DATE: 1987
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 13:
Gly Trp Ala Ser Lys He Gly Gin Thr Leu
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Lys Val Gly Leu Lys Glu
15 20
Leu He Gin Pro Lys
25
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 14: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CPF peptide.
(x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHOR: Richter, K. Egger, R. Kreil
(C) JOURNAL: J. Biol. Chem.
(D) VOLUME: 261
(F) PAGES: 3676-3680
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 14: Gly Phe Gly Ser Phe Leu Gly Leu Ala Leu
5 10
Lys Ala Ala Leu Lys He Gly Ala Asn Ala
15 20
Leu Gly Gly Ala Pro Gin Gin
25
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 15: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CPF peptide.
(x)
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 15: Gly Leu Ala Ser Phe Leu Gly Lys Ala Leu
5 10
Lys Ala Gly Leu Lys He Gly Ala His Leu
15 20
Leu Gly Gly Ala Pro Gin Gin
25
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 16: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CPF peptide.
(X) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHOR: Richter, K. Egger, R. Kreil
(C) JOURNAL: J. Biol. Chem.
(D) VOLUME: 261
(F) PAGES: 3676-3680
(G) DATE: 1986
(A) AUTHOR: Wakabayashi, T. Kato, H. Tachibaba, S.
(C) JOURNAL: Nucleic Acids Research
(D) VOLUME: 13
(F) PAGES: 1817-1828 ( G ) DATE : 1985
(A) AUTHOR: Gibson, B.W.
Poulter, L.
Williams, D.H.
Maggio, J.E.
(C) JOURNAL: J. Biol. Chem.
(D) VOLUME: 261
(F) PAGES: 5341-5349
(G) DATE: 1986
(H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: W090/04407
(I) FILING DATE: 16-OCT-1989
(J) PUBLICATION DATE: 03-MAY-1990
(Xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 16:
Gly Leu Ala Ser Leu Leu Gly Lys Ala Leu
5 10
Lys Ala Gly Leu Lys He Gly Thr His Phe
15 20
Leu Gly Gly Ala Pro Gin Gin
25
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 17: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CPF peptide.
(X) PUBLICATION INFORMATION:
( i) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 17: Gly Leu Ala Ser Leu Leu Gly Lys Ala Leu
5 10
Lys Ala Thr Leu Lys He Gly Thr His Phe
15 20
Leu Gly Gly Ala Pro Gin Gin
25 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 18: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CPF peptide.
(x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHOR: Richter, K. Egger, R. Kreil
(C) JOURNAL: J. Biol. Chem.
(D) VOLUME: 261
(F) PAGES: 3676-3680
(G) DATE: 1986 (A) AUTHOR: Wakabayashi, T. Kato, H. Tachibaba, S.
(C) JOURNAL: Nucleic Acids Research
(D) VOLUME: 13
(F) PAGES: 1817-1828
(G) DATE: 1985 (A) AUTHOR: Gibson, B.W. Poulter, L. Williams, D.H. Maggio, J.E.
(C) JOURNAL: J. Biol. Chem.
(D) VOLUME: 261 (F) PAGES: 5341-5349 ( G ) DATE : 1986
(H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: W090/04407
(I) FILING DATE: 16-OCT-1989
(J) PUBLICATION DATE: 03-MAY-1990
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 18:
Gly Phe Ala Ser Phe Leu Gly Lys Ala Leu
5 10
Lys Ala Ala Leu Lys He Gly Ala Asn Met
15 20
Leu Gly Gly Thr Pro Gin Gin
25
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 19: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CPF peptide.
(x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHOR: Richter, K. Egger, R. Kreil
(C) JOURNAL: J. Biol. Chem.
(D) VOLUME: 261
(F) PAGES: 3676-3680
(G) DATE: 1986
(A) AUTHOR: Wakabayashi, T. Kato, H. Tachibaba, S.
(C) JOURNAL: Nucleic Acids Research
(D) VOLUME: 13
(F) PAGES: 1817-1828
(G) DATE: 1985
(A) AUTHOR: Gibson, B.W. Poulter, L. Williams, D.H. Maggio, J.E.
(C) JOURNAL: J. Biol. Chem.
(D) VOLUME: 261
(F) PAGES: 5341-5349
(G) DATE: 1986
(H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: W090/04407
(I) FILING DATE: 16-OCT-1989
(J) PUBLICATION DATE: 03-MAY-1990
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 19: Gly Phe Gly Ser Phe Leu Gly Lys Ala Leu
5 10
Lys Ala Ala Leu Lys He Gly Ala Asn Ala
15 20
Leu Gly Gly Ala Pro Gin Gin
25
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:20: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CPF peptide.
(X) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHOR: Richter, K.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:20: Gly Phe Gly Ser Phe Leu Gly Lys Ala Leu
5 10
Lys Ala Ala Leu Lys He Gly Ala Asn Ala
15 20
Leu Gly Gly Ser Pro Gin Gin
25
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:21: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS :
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CPF peptide.
(x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHOR: Richter, K. Egger, R. Kreil
(C) JOURNAL: J. Biol. Chem.
(D) VOLUME: 261
(F) PAGES: 3676-3680
(G) DATE: 1986
(A) AUTHOR: Wakabayashi, T. Kato, H. Tachibaba, S.
(C) JOURNAL: Nucleic Acids Research
(D) VOLUME: 13
(F) PAGES: 1817-1828
SUBSTITUTE SHEET {RULE 26)
(Xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:21: Gly Phe Ala Ser Phe Leu Gly Lys Ala Leu
5 10
Lys Ala Ala Leu Lys He Gly Ala Asn Leu
15 20
Leu Gly Gly Thr Pro Gin Gin
25
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:22: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CPF peptide.
(X) PUBLICATION INFORMATION:
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:22 Gly Phe Ala Ser Phe Leu Gly Lys Ala Leu
5 10
Lys Ala Ala Leu Lys He Gly Ala Asn Ala
15 20
Leu Gly Gly Ala Pro Gin Gin
25
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:23: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CPF peptide.
(x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHOR: Richter, K. Egger, R. Kreil
(C) JOURNAL: J. Biol. Chem.
(D) VOLUME: 261
(F) PAGES: 3676-3680
(G) DATE: 1986
(A) AUTHOR: Wakabayashi, T. Kato, H. Tachibaba, S.
(C) JOURNAL: Nucleic Acids Research
(D) VOLUME: 13
(F) PAGES: 1817-1828
(G) DATE: 1985
(A) AUTHOR: Gibson, B.W. Poulter, L. Williams, D.H. Maggio, J.E.
(C) JOURNAL: J. Biol. Chem.
(D) VOLUME: 261
(F) PAGES: 5341-5349
(G) DATE: 1986 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:23: Gly Phe Ala Ser Phe Leu Gly Lys Ala Leu
5 10
Lys Ala Ala Leu Lys He Gly Ala Asn Met
15 20
Leu Gly Gly Ala Pro Gin Gin
25
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:24: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CPF peptide.
(X) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHOR: Richter, K. Egger, R. Kreil
(C) JOURNAL: J. Biol. Chem.
(D) VOLUME: 261
(F) PAGES: 3676-3680
(G) DATE: 1986
(A) AUTHOR: Wakabayashi, T. Kato, H. Tachibaba, S.
(C) JOURNAL: Nucleic Acids Research
(D) VOLUME: 13
(F) PAGES: 1817-1828 ( G ) DATE : 1985
(A) AUTHOR: Gibson, B.W.
Poulter, L.
Williams, D.H.
Maggio, J.E.
(C) JOURNAL: J. Biol. Chem.
(D) VOLUME: 261
(F) PAGES: 5341-5349
(G) DATE: 1986
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:24: Gly Phe Gly Ser Phe Leu Gly Lys Ala Leu
5 10
Lys Ala Ala Leu Lys He Gly Ala Asn Ala
15 20
Leu Gly Gly Ser Leu Gin Gin
25
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:25: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CPF peptide.
(X) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHOR: Richter, K. Egger, R. Kreil
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:25 Gly Phe Gly Ser Phe Leu Gly Lys Ala Leu
5 10
Lys Ala Gly Leu Lys He Gly Thr Asn Phe
15 20
Leu Gly Gly Ala Pro Gin Gin
25
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:26: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: (D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CPF peptide.
(x)
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:26: Gly Leu Ala Ser Leu Leu Gly Lys Ala Leu
5 10 Lys Ala Ala Leu Lys He Gly Ala Asn Ala
15 20
Leu Gly Gly Ser Pro Gin Gin
25
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:27: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
( i) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:27: Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:28: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
( i) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:28: Lys He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala
5 10 Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala
15 20
Gly
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:29: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:29: Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Gly Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Gly Lys He Ala Gly Lys He
15 20
Gly
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:30: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:30: Lys Leu Ala Gly Lys Leu Ala Lys Leu Ala
5 10 Gly Lys Leu Ala Lys Leu Ala Gly Lys Leu
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:31: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
( i) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:31: Lys Phe Ala Gly Lys Phe Ala Lys Phe Ala
5 10
Gly Lys Phe Ala Lys Phe Ala Gly Lys Phe
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:32:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:32: Lys Ala Leu Ser Lys Ala Leu Lys Ala Leu
5 10 Ser Lys Ala Leu Lys Ala Leu Ser Lys Ala
15 20
Leu
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:33: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:33: Lys Leu Leu Lys Ala Leu Gly Lys Leu Leu
5 10
Lys Ala Leu Gly Lys Leu Leu Lys Ala Leu
15 20
Gly
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:34: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:34: Lys Ala He Gly Lys Ala He Lys Ala He
5 10 Gly Lys Ala He Lys Ala He Gly Lys Ala
15 20
He
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:35: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:35:
Gly He Ala Lys He Ala Lys Gly He Ala
5 10
Lys He Ala Lys Gly He Ala Lys He Ala
15 20
Lys
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:36: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:36: Lys He Ala Lys He Phe Gly Lys He Ala
5 10 Lys He Phe Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Phe
15 20
Gly
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:37: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:37: Gly He Ala Arg He Ala Lys Gly He Ala
5 10
Arg He Ala Lys Gly He Ala Arg He Ala
15 20
Lys
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 38: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:38: Lys Phe Ala Arg He Ala Gly Lys Phe Ala
5 10 Arg He Ala Gly Lys Phe Ala Arg He Ala
15 20
Gly
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:39: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
iii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:39: Gly Phe Ala Lys He Ala Lys Gly Phe Ala
5 10
Lys He Ala Lys Gly Phe Ala Lys He Ala
15 20
Lys
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:40: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is ornithine
(Xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:40: Lys He Ala Gly Xaa He Ala Lys He Ala .
5 10 Gly Xaa He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Xaa He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:41: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
( i) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:41:
Lys He Ala Arg He Ala Gly Lys He Ala
5 10
Arg He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Arg He Ala
15 20
Gly
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:42: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is ornithine (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 2: Xaa He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Xaa He Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Xaa He Ala Gly Lys He
15 20
Ala >
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:43: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 3:
Gly He Ala Arg He Phe Lys Gly He Ala
5 10
Arg He Phe Lys Gly He Ala Arg He Phe
15 20
Lys
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:44: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is norleucine. (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:44: Lys Xaa Ala Gly Lys Xaa Ala Lys Xaa Ala
5 10
Gly Lys Xaa Ala Lys Xaa Ala Gly Lys Xaa
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:45: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is norleucine.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:45: Lys Xaa Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys Xaa Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Lys Xaa Ala Gly Lys He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 6: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide ( ix ) FEATURE :
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is norleucine.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:46: Lys He Ala Gly Lys Xaa Ala Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Lys Xaa Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys Xaa
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:47: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is norvaline.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:47: Lys Xaa Ala Gly Lys Xaa Ala Lys Xaa Ala
5 10
Gly Lys Xaa Ala Lys Xaa Ala Gly Lys Xaa
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:48: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: (D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is norvaline.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:48: Lys Xaa Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys Xaa Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Lys Xaa Ala Gly Lys Xaa
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:49: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:49: Lys Leu Leu Ser Lys Leu Gly Lys Leu Leu
5 10
Ser Lys Leu Gly Lys Leu Leu Ser Lys Leu
15 20
Gly
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 50: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:50: Lys Leu Leu Ser Lys Phe Gly Lys Leu Leu
5 10
Ser Lys Phe Gly Lys Leu Leu Ser Lys Phe
15 20
Gly
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:51: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is norvaline.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:51:
Lys He Ala Gly Lys Xaa Ala Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Lys Xaa Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys Xaa
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:52: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:52: His He Ala Gly His He Ala His He Ala
5 10
Gly His He Ala His He Ala Gly His He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:53: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:53: Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys
5 10
He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys
15 20
He
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:54: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: (D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:54: He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys
5 10
He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala Gly
15 20
Lys
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:55: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:55: Lys He Ala Gly Arg He Ala Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Arg He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Arg He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:56: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:56: Arg He Ala Gly Arg He Ala Arg He Ala
5 10
Gly Arg He Ala Arg He Ala Gly Arg He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:57: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:57: Lys Val Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys Val Ala
5 , 10
Gly Lys He Ala Lys Val Ala Gly Lys He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:58: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 58: Lys He Ala Gly Lys Val Ala Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Lys Val Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys Val
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:59: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:59:
Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys He
5 10
Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys
15 20
He
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 60: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is ornithine. ( i) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:60: Xaa He Ala Gly Xaa He Ala Xaa He Ala
5 10
Gly Xaa He Ala Xaa He Ala Gly Xaa He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 61: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
( i) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:61: Lys Phe Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys Phe Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Lys Phe Ala Gly Lys He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 62: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 62:
Lys He Ala Gly Lys Phe Ala Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Lys Phe Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys Phe
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 63: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is cyclohexylalanine.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:63: Lys Xaa Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys Xaa Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Lys Xaa Ala Gly Lys He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:64: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide ( ix ) FEATURE :
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is norleucine.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:64: Lys Xaa Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys Xaa Ala
5 10
Lys He Ala Gly Lys Xaa Ala Lys He Ala
15 20
Gly
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:65: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 AMINO ACIDS
(B) TYPE: amino acids
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 65: Arg He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Arg He Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Arg He Ala Gly Lys He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:66: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide ( ix ) FEATURE :
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is homoarginine.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 66: Xaa He Ala Gly Xaa He Ala Xaa He Ala
5 10
Gly Xaa He Ala Xaa He Ala Gly Xaa He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:67:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE: Xaa is p-aminophenylalanine
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 67:
Xaa He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Xaa He Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Xaa He Ala Gly Lys He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:68: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE: Xaa is p-aminophenylalanine
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:68: Lys He Ala Gly Xaa He Ala Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Xaa He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Xaa He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:69: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 24 amiho acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
( i) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:69:
Lys He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala
5 10
Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala
15 20
Gly Lys He Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 70: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERIS ICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
( i) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:70: Lys Leu Ala Ser Lys Ala Gly Lys He Ala Gly
5 10
Lys He Ala Lys Val Ala Leu Lys Ala Leu 15 20
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:71: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is ornithine.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:71:
Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala Gly
5 10
Xaa He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala
15 20
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 72: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 72: Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Arg He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 73: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is norleucine.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:73: Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Xaa He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 74: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide ( ix ) FEATURE :
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is norvaline.
(Xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 74: Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Xaa He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:75: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is ornithine.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:75: Lys Phe Ala Gly Lys Phe Ala Lys Phe Ala Gly
5 10
Xaa Phe Ala Lys Phe Ala Gly Lys Phe Ala 15 20
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 76: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is ornithine.
( i) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 76: Lys He Ala Gly Lys Phe Ala Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Xaa Phe Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys Phe
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:77: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa at residues 6, 13, and 20 is norleucine; Xaa at residue 12 is ornithine.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:77: Lys He Ala Gly Lys Xaa Ala Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Xaa Xaa Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys Xaa
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 78: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:78:
Lys Met Ala Ser Lys Ala Gly Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Lys Val Ala Leu Lys Ala
15 20
Leu
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 79: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
( i) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 79 Lys He Ala Ser Lys Ala Gly Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Lys Val Ala Leu Lys Ala Leu
15 20
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:80: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is norleucine.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:80: Lys He Ala Ser Lys Ala Gly Lys Xaa Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Lys Val Ala Leu Lys Ala Leu
15 20
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:81: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is norleucine.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:81: Lys Leu Ala Ser Lys Ala Gly Lys Xaa Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Lys Val Ala Leu Lys Ala
15 20
Leu
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:82: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is norleucine.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:82: Lys Xaa Ala Ser Lys Ala Gly Lys Xaa Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Lys Val Ala Leu Lys Ala Leu
15 20
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:83: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is p-aminophenylalanine,
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:83: Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Xaa He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:84: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(Xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:84:
Lys He Ala Gly Ala He Ala Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:85: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
( ii ) MOLECULE TYPE : peptide (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:85: Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Ala He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:86: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:86: Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Ala He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:87: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:87: Lys Leu Ala Ser Lys Ala Ala Lys He Ala 5 10
Ala Lys He Ala Lys Val Ala Leu Lys Ala
10 20
Leu
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:88: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:88:
Lys He Ala Lys Lys He Ala Lys He Ala
5 10
Lys Lys He Ala Lys He Ala Lys Lys He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:89: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:89: Lys Phe Ala Lys Lys Phe Ala Lys Phe Ala
5 10
Lys Lys Phe Ala Lys Phe Ala Lys Lys Phe 15 20
Al a
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:90: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:90: Lys Phe Ala Lys Lys He Ala Lys Phe Ala
5 10
Lys Lys He Ala Lys Phe Ala Lys Lys He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:91: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:91:
Ala He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys He
15 20
Ala (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:92: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
( i) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:92:
Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Ala He Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala Gly Lys He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:93: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:93: Lys He Ala Gly Lys He Ala Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Ala He Ala Gly Lys He
15 20
Ala
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:94: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:94: Gly Met Ala Ser Lys Ala Gly Lys He Ala
5 10
Gly Lys He Ala Lys Val Ala Leu Lys Ala
15 20
Leu
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:95: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
( i) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:95: Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Leu
5 10
Leu
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:96: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 12 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide ( i) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION:SEQ ID NO:96: Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys
5 10
Leu Leu
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:97: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 13 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(Xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:97:
Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu
5 10
Lys Leu Leu
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:98: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 14 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:98:
Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu
5 10
Leu Lys Leu Leu (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:99: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 16 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:99: Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Arg Arg
5 10 15
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 100: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 16 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 100:
Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys
5 10
Lys Leu Leu Lys Leu Leu
15
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 101: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 15 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: (D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 101: Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys
5 10
Leu Leu Lys Lys Asn
15
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 102: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 15 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is homoserine.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 102: Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys
5 10
Leu Leu Lys Lys Xaa
15
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 103: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 18 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 103: Leu Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys
5 10
Asn Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu
15
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 104: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 18 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 104: Leu Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys
5 10
Pro Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu
15
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 105: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 22 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 105: Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys
5 10
Lys Leu Gin Gly Pro Pro Gin Gly Gin Ser
15 20
Pro Gin
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 106: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 20 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 106: Leu Ala Ser Lys Ala Gly Ala He Ala Gly
5 10
Lys He Ala Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu
15 20
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 107: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 7 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 107: Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu
5 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 108: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 8 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 108: Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu
5 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 109:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 9 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 109: Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu
5
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 110: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 10 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 110: Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu
5 10
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 111: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 111: Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu
5 10
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 112: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 112: Ala Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu
5 10
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 113: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS
(A) LENGTH: 14 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
( i) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 113: Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu
5 10
Leu Lys Arg
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 114: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 26 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE
(A) ORGANISM: Apis mellifera
(vii) FEATURE
(A) NAME/KEY: melittin peptide
(x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION:
(A) AUTHORS: Habermann, E.
Jentsch, J.
(B) TITLE: Seguenzanalyse des Melittins aus den tryptischen and peptischen Spaltstucken
(C) JOURNAL: Hoppe-Seyler' s Zeitschrift
Physiol. Chem. (D) VOLUME: 348
(F) PAGES: 37-50
(G) DATE: 1987
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 114:
Gly He Gly Ala Val Leu Lys Val Leu
5
Thr Thr Gly Leu Pro Ala Leu He Ser Trp 10 15
He Lys Arg Lys Arg Gin Gin 20 25
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 115: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 18 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 115: Leu Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys
5 10
Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu
15
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 116: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 15 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
SUBSTITUTE,SHEET(RULE26) (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: C-terminal amide, may be acetylated at N-terminus.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 116: Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys
5 10
Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu
15
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 117: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 14 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: C-terminal amide, may be acetylated at N-terminus.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 117: Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu
5 10
Leu Lys Lys Leu
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 118: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 14 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
( i) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 118: Leu Leu Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys
5 10
Lys Leu Lys Lys
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 119: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 14 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
( i) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 119: Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu
5 10
Lys Lys Leu Leu
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 120: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 16 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 120: Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys
5 10
Lys Leu Leu Lys Leu Leu
15
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 121: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 15 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS :
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 121: Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys
5 10
Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu
15
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 122: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 22 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS :
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 122: Gly He Gly Lys Phe Leu Lys Lys Ala Lys Lys
5 10
Phe Gly Lys Ala Phe Val Lys He Leu Lys Lys 15 20 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 123: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 22 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 123: Gly He Gly Lys Phe Leu Lys Lys Ala Lys Lys
5 10
Phe Ala Lys Ala Phe Val Lys He He Asn
15 20
Asn
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 124: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
(ix) FEATURE:
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is ornithine.
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 124: Leu Xaa Xaa Leu Leu Xaa Xaa Leu Xaa Xaa Leu
5 10

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A compound, said compound being a conjugate of: (i) a biologically active amphiphilic peptide, said peptide being an ion channel-forming peptide, and said peptide being capable of forming an -helix; and (ii) a conjugate moiety selected from the group consisting of: (a) carbohydrates; (b) proteins; (c) polyvinyl pyrrolidone; (d) polyalkylene glycols; and (e) polyvinyl alcohol.
2. The compound of Claim 1 wherein said conjugate moiety is a carbohydrate.
3. The compound of Claim 2 wherein said carbohydrate is selected from the group consisting of dextran, hetastarch, hydroxyethyl starch, cellobiose, lactobiose, mannobiose, melibiose, lactobionic acid, and glucosamine.
4. The compound of Claim 3 wherein said carbohydrate is dextran.
5. The compound of Claim 3 wherein said carbohydrate is hetastarch.
6. The compound of Claim 1 wherein said conjugate moiety is a protein.
7. The compound of Claim 1 wherein said protein is selected from the group consisting of albumin and
2-macroglobulin.
8. The compound of Claim 1 wherein said conjugate moiety is polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
9. The compound of Claim 1 wherein said conjugate moiety is a polyalkylene glycol.
10. The compound of Claim 1 wherein said polyalkylene glycol is polyethylene glycol.
11. The compound of Claim 1 wherein said conjugate moiety is polyvinyl alcohol.
12. The compound of Claim 1 wherein said peptide is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) magainin peptides;
(b) PGLa peptides; (c) XPF peptides;
(d) CPF peptides;
(e) cecropins;
(f) sarcotoxins;
(g) a peptide including one of the following basic
structures X31 through X37, wherein:
X 31 is -[R31-R32-R32-R33-R31-R32-R32]n-;
X32 is -[R32-R32-R33-R31-R32-R32-R31]n-;
X33 is -[R32-R33-R31-R32-R32-R31-R32]n- ;
X34 is -[R33-R31-R32-R32-R31-R32-R32]n- ;
X35 is -[R31-R32-R32-R31-R32-R32-R33]n- ;
X36 is -[R32-R32-R31-R32-R32-R33-R31]n- ; and
X37 is -[R32-R31-R32-R32-R33-R31-R32]n- ;
wherein R31 is a basic hydrophilic amino acid, R32 is a hydrophobic amino acid, R33 is a neutral hydrophilic, basic hydrophilic, or hydrophobic amino acid, and n is from 2 to 5;
(h) a peptide including the following basic structure X 40:
R31-R32-R32-R33-R33-R32-R32-R31-R32-R32-R32-R34-R32-R32, wherein R31 is a basic hydrophilic amino acid, R32 is a
hydrophobic amino acid, R33 is a neutral hydrophilic or
hydrophobic amino acid, and R34 is a basic hydrophilic or hydrophobic amino acid;
(i) a peptide including the following basic structure X50:
R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R41-R41-, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophobic amino acid;
(j) a peptide including the following basic structure X52:
R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid;
(k) a peptide including the following basic structure X54 :
-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42- R41-R42-R42-R41-R41 - R42-R42-R43-, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R43 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid;
(1) a peptide including the following basic structure X56:
-R41-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R44-, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R44 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid or proline;
(m) a peptide including the following basic structure X58:
-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R43, wherein R 4 1 is a hydrophobic amino acid, R 4 2 is a basic
hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R43 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid;
(n) a peptide including the following basic structure X60 :
-R41-R41-R43-R42-R41-R41-R41-R41-R41-R41-R42-R41-R41- R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R42-R41, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R43 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid;
(o) a peptide having a structure selected from the group consisting of:
(i) R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41;
(ii) R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41;
(iii) R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41;
(iv) R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41; and
(v) R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41, wherein
R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic amino acid or a neutral hydrophilic amino acid;
(p) a peptide, being in an amide- or carboxy-terminated form, said peptide being represented by the following structural formula, and the numbers below each amino acid residue refer to the position of the residue in the peptide:
LeuLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeu
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 or an analogue of said peptide wherein at least one of amino acid residues 1 through 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, or 18 is deleted from said peptide;
(g) a peptide including the following structural formula X 62:
R41-R41-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42 wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid;
(r) a peptide including the following structural formula X 64:
R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41 wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
(s) a peptide including the following structural formula X 66:
R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41,
wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
(t) a peptide including the following structural formula X 68:
R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42
-R42 -R41, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid;
(u) melittin; and
(v) apidaecins.
13. The compound of Claim 12 wherein the peptide is a magainin peptide.
14. The compound of Claim 12 wherein the peptide is a PGLa peptide.
15. The compound of Claim 12 wherein the peptide is an XPF peptide.
16. The compound of Claim 12 wherein the peptide is a CPF peptide.
17. The compound of Claim 12 wherein the peptide is a cecropin.
18. The compound of Claim 12 wherein the peptide is a sarcotoxin.
19. The compound of Claim 12 wherein the peptide includes one of the following basic structures X 31 through X37, wherein:
X 31 is -[R31-R32-R32-R33-R31-R32-R32]n-;
X32 is -[R32-R32-R33-R31-R32-R32-R31]n-;
X33 is -[R32-R33-R31-R32-R32-R31-R32]n-;
X34 is -[R33-R31-R32-R32-R31-R32-R32]n-;
X35 is -[R31-R32-R32-R31-R32-R32-R33]n-;
X36 is -[R32-R32-R31-R32-R32-R33-R31]n-; and
X37 is -[R32-R31-R32-R32-R33-R31-R32]n-; wherein R 31 is a basic hydrophilic amino acid, R32 is a hydrophobic amino acid, R33 is a neutral hydrophilic, basic hydrophilic, or hydrophobic amino acid, and n is from 2 to 5.
20. The compound of Claim 12 wherein the peptide includes the following basic structure X40 :
R31-R32-R32-R33-R34-R32-R32-R31-R32-R32-R32-R34-R32-R32, wherein R31 is a basic hydrophilic amino acid, R32 is a
hydrophobic amino acid, R33 is a neutral hydrophilic or
hydrophobic amino acid, and R34 is a basic hydrophilic or hydrophobic amino acid.
21. The compound of Claim 12 wherein said peptide includes the following basic structure X50 :
R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R41-R41,
wherein R41 1s a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
22. The compound of Claim 12 wherein said peptide includes the following basic structure X 52:
R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42,
wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
23. The compound of Claim 12 wherein the peptide includes the following basic structure X54:
-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R43-, wherein R 4 1 is a hydrophobic amino acid, R42 is a basic
hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R43 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
24. The compound of Claim 12 wherein the peptide includes the following basic structure X56:
-R41-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R44-, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, R 4 2 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R44 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid or proline.
25. The compound of Claim 12 wherein the peptide includes the following basic structure X58:
-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41 -R43-, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, R 4 2 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R43 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
26. The compound of Claim 12 wherein the peptide includes the following basic structure X60:
-R41-R41-R43-R42-R41-R41-R41-R41-R41-R41-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41- -R41-R42-R42-R42-R41-, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid,
R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and
R43 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
27. The compound of Claim 12 wherein the peptide has a structure selected from the group consisting of:
(i) R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41;
(ii) R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41;
(iii) R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41;
(iv) R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41; and
(v) R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic amino acid or a neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
28. The compound of Claim 12 wherein said peptide is a peptide being in an amide- or carboxy-terminated form, said peptide being represented by the following structural formula, and the numbers below each amino acid residue refer to the position of the residue in the peptide:
Leu Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu
13 14 15 16 17 18
or an analogue of said peptide wherein at least one of amino acid residues 1 through 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, or 18 is deleted from said peptide.
29. The compound of Claim 12 wherein said peptide includes the following structural formula X62:
R41-R41-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
30. The compound of Claim 12 wherein said peptide includes the following structural formula X64:
R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
31. The compound of Claim 12 wherein said peptide includes the following structural formula X66:
R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
32. The compound of Claim 12 wherein said peptide includes the following structural formula X68:
R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42
-R42-R41, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
33. The compound of Claim 12 wherein said peptide is melittin.
34. The compound of Claim 12 wherein said peptide is an apidaecin.
35. A method of treating septic shock in a host,
comprising: administering to a host a compound, said compound being a conjugate of: (i) a biologically active amphiphilic peptide, said peptide being an ion channel-forming peptide, and said peptide being capable of forming an -helix; and (ii) a conjugate moiety selected from the group consisting of: (a) carbohydrates; (b) proteins; (c) polyvinyl pyrrolidone; (d) polyalkylene glycols; and (e) polyvinyl alcohol, said compound being administered in an amount effective in treating septic shock in a host.
36. The method of Claim 35 wherein said conjugate moiety is a carbohydrate.
37. The method of Claim 36 wherein said carbohydrate is selected from the group consisting of dextran, hetastarch, hydroxyethyl starch, cellobiose, lactobiose, mannobiose,
melibiose, lactobionic acid, and glucosamine.
38. The method of Claim 37 wherein said carbohydrate is dextran.
39. The method of Claim 37 wherein said carbohydrate is hetastarch.
40. The method of Claim 35 wherein said conjugate moiety is a protein.
41. The method of Claim 40 wherein said protein is selected from the group consisting of albumin and 2-macroglobulin.
42. The method of Claim 35 wherein said conjugate moiety is polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
43. The method of Claim 35 wherein said conjugate moiety is a polyalkylene glycol.
44. The method of Claim 43 wherein said conjugate moiety is polyethylene glycol.
45. The method of Claim 35 wherein said conjugate moiety is polyvinyl alcohol.
46. The method of Claim 35 wherein said peptide is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) magainin peptides;
(b) PGLa peptides;
(c) XPF peptides;
(d) CPF peptides;
(e) cecropins;
(f) sarcotoxins;
(g) a peptide including one of the following basic
structures X31 through X37, wherein:
X 31 is -[R31-R32-R32-R33-R31-R32-R32]n-;
X32 is -[R32-R32-R33-R31-R32-R32-R31]n-;
X33 is -[R32-R33-R31-R32-R32-R31-R32]n-;
X34 is -[R33-R31-R32-R32-R31-R32-R32]n-;
X35 is -[R31-R32-R32~R31-R32-R32-R33]n-;
X36 is -[R32-R32-R31-R32-R32-R33-R31]n-; and
X37 is -[R32-R31-R32-R32-R33-R31-R32]n-;
wherein R31 is a basic hydrophilic amino acid, R32 is a hydrophobic amino acid, R33 is a neutral hydrophilic, basic hydrophilic, or hydrophobic amino acid, and n is from 2 to 5;
(h) a peptide including the following basic structure X40:
R31-R32-R32-R33-R33-R32-R32-R31-R32-R32-R32-R34-R32-R32, wherein R31 is a basic hydrophilic amino acid, R32 is a
hydrophobic amino acid, R33 is a neutral hydrophilic or
hydrophobic amino acid, and R34 is a basic hydrophilic or
hydrophobic amino acid;
(i) a peptide including the following basic structure X50: R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R41-R41-, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophobic amino acid;
(j) a peptide including the following basic structure X52 : R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R 42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid; (k) a peptide including the following basic structure X54:
-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41- R42-R42-R43-, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R43 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid;
(l) a peptide including the following basic structure X56:
-R41-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R44-, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R44 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid or proline;
(m) a peptide including the following basic structure X5 8 :
-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R43- wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, R42 is a basic
hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R43 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid;
(n) a peptide including the following basic structure X60 :
-R41-R41-R43-R42-R41-R41-R41-R41-R41-R41-R42-R41-R41- R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R42-R41, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, R 4 2 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R43 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid;
(o) a peptide having a structure selected from the group consisting of:
(i) R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41;
(ii) R41-R41-R42 _R42-R41-R42-R42-R41;
(iii) R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41;
(iv) R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41; and
(v) R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic amino acid or a neutral hydrophilic amino acid;
(p) a peptide being in an amide- or carboxy-terminated form, said peptide being represented by the following structural formula, and the numbers below each amino acid residue refer to the position of the residue in the peptide:
LeuLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 or an analogue of said peptide wherein at least one of amino acid residues 1 through 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, or 18 is deleted from said peptide;
(g) a peptide including the following structural formula X 62:
R41-R41-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42 wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R 4 2 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid;
(r) a peptide including the following structural formula X64:
R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid and R 42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid;
(s) a peptide including the following structural formula X 66:
R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41
wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid;
(t) a peptide including the following structural formula X68:
R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42
-R42-R41, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid;
(u) melittin; and
(v) apidaecins.
47. The method of Claim 46 wherein the peptide is a
magainin peptide.
48. The method of Claim 46 wherein the peptide is a PGLa peptide.
49. The method of Claim 46 wherein the peptide is an XPF peptide.
50. The method of Claim 46 wherein the peptide is a CPF peptide.
51. The method of Claim 46 wherein the peptide is a cecropin.
52. The method of Claim 46 wherein the peptide is a sarcotoxin.
53. The method of Claim 46 wherein the peptide includes one of the following basic structures X31 through X37, wherein:
X 31 is -[R31-R32-R32-R33-R31-R32-R32]n-;
X 32 is -[R32-R32-R33-R31-R32-R32-R31]n-;
X33 is -[R32-R33-R31-R32-R32-R31-R32]n-;
X34 is -[R33-R31-R32-R32-R31-R32-R32]n-;
X35 is -[R31-R32-R32-R31-R32-R32-R33]n-;
X36 is -[R32-R32-R31-R32-R32-R33-R31] and
n-;
X37 is -[R32-R31-R32-R32-R33-R31-R32 wherein R31 is a basic hydrophilic amino acid, R37 is a hydrophobic amino acid, R33 is a neutral hydrophilic, basic hydrophilic, or hydrophobic amino acid, and n is from 2 to 5.
54. The method of Claim 46 wherein the peptide includes the following basic structure X40:
R31-R32-R32-R33-R34-R32-R32-R31-R32-R32-R32-R34-R32-R32,
wherein R31 is a basic hydrophilic amino acid, R32 is a
hydrophobic amino acid, R33 is a neutral hydrophilic or
hydrophobic amino acid, and R34 is a basic hydrophilic or
hydrophobic amino acid.
55. The method of Claim 46 wherein said peptide includes the following basic structure X50 :
R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R41-R41,
wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
56. The method of Claim 46 wherein said peptide includes the following basic structure X52 :
R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42,
wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
57. The method of Claim 46 wherein the peptide includes the following basic structure X54:
-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R43-, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, R42 is a basic
hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R43 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
58. The method of Claim 46 wherein the peptide includes the following basic structure X56:
-R41-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R44-, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R44 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid or proline.
59. The method of Claim 46 wherein the peptide includes the following basic structure X58 :
-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R43-, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R43 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
60. The method of Claim 46 wherein the peptide includes the following basic structure X60 :
-R41-R41-R43-R42-R41-R41-R41-R41-R41-R41-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41- -R41-R42-R42-R42-R41-, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid,
R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and
R43 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
61. The method of Claim 46 wherein the peptide has a structure selected from the group consisting of:
(i) R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41;
(ii) R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41;
(iii) R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41;
(iv) R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41; and
( v ) R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41 , wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 i s a basic hydrophilic amino acid or a neutral hydrophilic amino acid .
62. The method of Claim 46 wherein said peptide is a peptide, being in an amide- or carboxy-terminated form, said peptide being represented by the following structural formula, and the numbers below each amino acid residue refer to the position of the residue in the peptide:
Leu Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Lys
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu
13 14 15 16 17 18
or an analogue of said peptide wherein at least one of amino acid residues 1 through 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, or 18 is deleted from said peptide.
63. The method of Claim 46 wherein said peptide includes the following structural formula X62 :
R41-R41-R42-R41-R41-R42~R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42,
wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
64. The method of Claim 46 wherein said peptide includes the following structural formula X64:
R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41,
wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
65. The method of Claim 46 wherein said peptide includes the following structural formula X66:
R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41,
wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
66. The method of Claim 46 wherein said peptide includes the following structural formula X68:
R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42-R42-R41-R41-R42
-R42-R4-, wherein R41 is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R42 is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
67. The method of Claim 46 wherein said peptide is melittin.
68. The method of Claim 46 wherein said peptide is an apidaecin.
EP94903494A 1992-12-07 1993-12-06 Treatment of septic shock with conjugated biologically active peptides Withdrawn EP0672053A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US98744392A 1992-12-07 1992-12-07
US987443 1992-12-07
PCT/US1993/011841 WO1994013697A1 (en) 1992-12-07 1993-12-06 Treatment of septic shock with conjugated biologically active peptides

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0672053A1 true EP0672053A1 (en) 1995-09-20

Family

ID=25533260

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94903494A Withdrawn EP0672053A1 (en) 1992-12-07 1993-12-06 Treatment of septic shock with conjugated biologically active peptides

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0672053A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH08504210A (en)
AU (1) AU5741794A (en)
CA (1) CA2151046A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1994013697A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6348445B1 (en) 1992-06-01 2002-02-19 Magainin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Biologically active peptides with reduced toxicity in animals and a method for preparing same
US5847047A (en) * 1993-06-22 1998-12-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Antimicrobial composition of a polymer and a peptide forming amphiphilic helices of the magainin-type
AU693518B2 (en) * 1994-01-18 1998-07-02 Magainin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ion-channel forming amphiphilic peptides having n-terminal modifications
GB9504761D0 (en) * 1995-03-09 1995-04-26 Unilever Plc Amphiphilic peptide and analogs thereof
DE122009000056I1 (en) * 1995-03-22 2010-01-28 Jackson H M Found Military Med PREPARATION OF IMMUNOGENIC CONSTRUCTS USING SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES ACTIVATED BY ORGANIC CYANYLATION REAGENTS
DE10112825A1 (en) * 2001-03-16 2002-10-02 Fresenius Kabi De Gmbh HESylation of active ingredients in aqueous solution
DE10209821A1 (en) 2002-03-06 2003-09-25 Biotechnologie Ges Mittelhesse Coupling of proteins to a modified polysaccharide
WO2005014655A2 (en) 2003-08-08 2005-02-17 Fresenius Kabi Deutschland Gmbh Conjugates of hydroxyalkyl starch and a protein
DK2252627T3 (en) 2008-01-24 2017-08-14 Esperance Pharmaceuticals MERGER CONSTRUCTION WITH LYTIC DOMAIN AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING AND USING SAME.
MX2011003569A (en) 2008-10-02 2011-06-09 Univ Pittsburgh Administration of an adsorbent polymer for treatment of systemic inflammation.
CA2889475A1 (en) 2012-10-30 2014-05-08 Esperance Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Antibody/drug conjugates and methods of use

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5217956A (en) * 1988-10-21 1993-06-08 The Children's Hospital Of Philadelphia Composition and treatment with biologically active peptides and certain anions
US5221664A (en) * 1990-04-23 1993-06-22 Magainin Pharmaaceuticals Inc. Composition and treatment with biologically active peptides and toxic cations
US5208220A (en) * 1990-06-27 1993-05-04 Magainin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Composition and treatment with biologically active peptides and antibiotics which inhibit DNA gyrase

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9413697A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH08504210A (en) 1996-05-07
AU5741794A (en) 1994-07-04
WO1994013697A1 (en) 1994-06-23
CA2151046A1 (en) 1994-06-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Lai et al. Strategies employed in the design of antimicrobial peptides with enhanced proteolytic stability
Wang et al. Design of antimicrobial peptides: progress made with human cathelicidin LL-37
AU665945B2 (en) Synthetic peptides for detoxification of bacterial endotoxins and treatment of septic shock
KR102490489B1 (en) Novel stapled peptides and uses thereof
EP0672053A1 (en) Treatment of septic shock with conjugated biologically active peptides
JP2008505854A (en) Oligomer peptides and their use for the treatment of HIV infection
EP0644769A1 (en) Biologically active peptides having n-terminal substitutions
JPH08507749A (en) Treatment of skin malignancies with biologically active peptides
WO1994005313A1 (en) Treatment of gynecological malignancies with biologically active peptides
EP0590044A4 (en) Composition and treatment with biologically active peptides having c-terminal substitutions
CA2125494A1 (en) Composition and treatment with biologically active peptides and chelating agents
US5358933A (en) Synthetic peptides for detoxification of bacterial endotoxins and for the prevention and treatment of septic shock
JP2004521911A (en) Dosing method
WO1997033908A1 (en) Lytic peptides
AU693518B2 (en) Ion-channel forming amphiphilic peptides having n-terminal modifications
AU770076B2 (en) Alpha-conotoxin peptides
US20130237476A1 (en) Adipose tissue targeted peptides
JPH06504260A (en) Amphipathic peptide compositions and analogs thereof
AU723904B2 (en) Lytic peptides
HUT67982A (en) Process for proucing organo-protective peptides and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
Holroyd Atomic force microscopy: a novel tool for the analysis of the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides on target membranes
WO1994005308A1 (en) Purification of amphiphilic compounds

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19950606

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN

18W Application withdrawn

Withdrawal date: 19961007