EP0670588A1 - Metal halide lamp - Google Patents
Metal halide lamp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0670588A1 EP0670588A1 EP94301523A EP94301523A EP0670588A1 EP 0670588 A1 EP0670588 A1 EP 0670588A1 EP 94301523 A EP94301523 A EP 94301523A EP 94301523 A EP94301523 A EP 94301523A EP 0670588 A1 EP0670588 A1 EP 0670588A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- moles
- halide lamp
- metal
- bromine
- iodine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
- H01J61/18—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent
- H01J61/20—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent mercury vapour
Abstract
Description
- The present invention generally relates to a metal halide lamp and, more particularly, to contents which are contained in a hermetically sealed tube of a metal halide lamp.
- A metal halide lamp is a lamp in which a metal halide is added in a sealed tube, in which mercury vapor is contained at a high pressure, to improve the luminous efficacy and color rending properties, and is widely used for general illumination. A conventional metal halide lamp is fabricated by charging, in a light-transmitting quartz tube, an inert gas, e.g., argon (Ar), at least one kind of halide (LnX₂ or LnX₃: where Ln is a rare earth metal, e.g., scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), or lutetium (Lu), and X is bromine (Br) or iodine (I)), mercury (Hg), and an iodide (NAI: where NA is an alkali metal, e.g., sodium (Na), lithium (Li), cesium (Cs), potassium (K), or rubidium (Rb)) and sealing the tube. It should be noted that bromine or iodine, the rare earth metal and the alkali metal will be generally represented by symbols "X", "Ln" and "NA", respectively, hereinafter and the attached drawings.
- In the above conventional metal halide lamp, tungsten (W) as the base material of electrodes is liberated by sputtering during use, and free tungsten reacts with silicon dioxide (SiO₂) as a constituent component of the sealed tube to deposit on the inner wall surface of the sealed tube, thereby blackening the tube wall within a short period of time. Blackening of the tube wall decreases the luminous efficacy and lumen maintenance factor. When the lumen maintenance factor decreases to about 70%, the metal halide lamp becomes inappropriate for practical use.
- To solve this problem, a means of adding bromine in the sealed tube so that bromine is in excess of the rare earth metal is proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-32338). According to this means, an excess of bromine reacts with free tungsten during electric discharge to form a compound (WBr₂ and WBr₃), thereby suppressing reaction of silicon dioxide of the sealed tube with tungsten. However, since bromine also reacts with mercury, free tungsten remains to likely deposit on the inner wall surface of the sealed tube. Thus, the sealed tube is blackened within a comparatively short period of time even if an excess of bromine is added.
- The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and the object of the present invention is to provide a long-life metal halide lamp which can prevent blackening of the tube wall.
- According to the present invention, the above object is achieved by a metal halide lamp comprising a sealed tube, a pair of electrodes made of tungsten as a base material and arranged to oppose each other in the sealed tube, and contents of the sealed tube and including an inert gas, mercury, a rare earth metal, bromine, and iodine, wherein the total number of moles of bromine and iodine is in excess of the number of moles of the rare earth metal.
- When two or more kinds of rare earth metals are contained in the sealed tube, the total number of moles of bromine and iodine must be in excess of the total number of moles of the rare earth metals.
- "Excess" here means that when bromine and iodine react with all the rare earth metals, bromine or iodine that does not react with the rare earth metals remains. Accordingly, even when tungsten is emitted from the electrodes during electric discharge, it can be captured by iodine or bromine.
- These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the drawings wherein there is shown and described an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
- In the course of the following detailed description, reference will be made to the attached drawings in which:
- Fig. 1 is a view showing the principle of function of a metal halide lamp according to the present invention;
- Fig. 2 is a view showing the principle of function of a metal halide lamp in which, among halogens, only iodine is contained; and
- Fig. 3 is a graph showing the results of life test of the metal halide lamp according to the present invention and a conventional metal halide lamp.
- Fig. 1 is a view of a metal halide lamp according to an embodiment of the present invention, and shows the principle of function of the present invention. This metal halide lamp has a transparent quartz sealed tube and a pair of electrodes using tungsten as the base material. The respective electrodes are mounted on the sealed tube with hermetically passing through the wall surface of the sealed tube. The inner end portions of these electrodes are opposed to each other.
- Argon (Ar), a rare earth metal (Ln), mercury (Hg), cesium (Cs), iodine (I), and bromine (Br) are contained in the sealed tube. In the manufacture of the lamp, these contents are charged in the tube in the form of atoms or compounds. More specifically, bromides of the rare earth metal (LnBr₂ and LnBr₃), mercury iodide (HgI₂), cesium iodide (CsI), argon gas, and mercury are charged in the tube during the manufacture. Regarding the amounts of these contents, the amounts of bromine and iodine are in excess of the amount of rare earth metals.
- The inventors of the present invention assume that, in this circumstance, the following change in state takes place. Referring to Fig. 1, when arc discharge is started between a pair of
opposed electrodes electrodes electrodes electrodes - Subsequently, mainly in a medium-temperature (a range of 1,000°C or more to less than 2,000°C) area, bromine or iodine are recombined with cesium, and bromine or iodine are also recombined with rare earth metal. Further, mercury and tungsten are set in the atomic state. The excesses of bromine and iodine which are not recombined with the rare earth metal and cesium are also set in the atomic state. Since bromine has a higher reactivity than iodine, bromine is combined with cesium and rare earth metal before iodine is combined therewith. Therefore, in this medium-temperature area, most of the halogens in the atomic state are iodine.
- Furthermore, in a low-temperature (a range of 800°C or more to less than 1,000°C) area near the wall surface of the sealed tube, tungsten tends to be combined with iodine. Unlike bromine, even when iodine is combined with mercury, it is quickly separated from mercury. When the amounts of free tungsten and iodine are sufficient with respect to each other, all tungsten atoms are captured by halogens, mainly iodine. Therefore, tungsten will not react with silicon dioxide which is an element constituting the sealed tube. Thereafter, the materials produced in the low-temperature area are circulated in a cycle indicated by arrows due to heat convection.
- Tungsten iodides (WI₂, WI₃ and WI₄) and halides of rare earth metal (LnX₂ and LnX₃) formed in the low-temperature area react with silicon dioxide of the tube wall. However, since these products do not highly react with silicon dioxide, a long period of time is required until the tube wall is blackened to such a degree that the sealed tube is inappropriate for practical use. In this manner, when the excesses of bromine and iodine with respect to the rare earth metal are charged, free tungsten can be captured mainly by iodine and set in the halogen cycle, so that the effect of suppressing blackening of the tube wall is much enhanced.
-
- When an alkali metal, e.g., cesium, is contained in the sealed tube, since the alkali metal is combined easily with bromine or iodine rather than with a rare earth metal, the number of moles of the alkali metal must be subtracted in advance. Accordingly, if an alkali metal is contained, the above condition can be rewritten as follows:
- Since it is known that a halide (LnBraIb) of a rare earth metal with bromine and/or iodine stoichiometrically forms a bivalent or trivalent halide, it is apparent that
- Fig. 2 is a view showing the principle of a case wherein bromine is not added at all and only an excess of iodine is charged in a sealed tube. In the low-temperature area, iodine is combined with the rare earth metal, cesium and tungsten. However, since the iodide of the rare earth metal is combined less than the bromide of the rare earth metal, substitution reaction of the rare earth metal with silicon dioxide of the sealed tube often occurs. Hence, the rare earth metal tends to deposit on the inner wall surface of the sealed tube, thereby decreasing the service life when compared to a case wherein bromine is contained in the sealed tube. Accordingly, in order to prevent blackening of the tube wall, it is required to satisfy:
- In the examples of the present invention, a rugby-ball like spherical quartz sealed tube having a major axis of 25 mm, a minor axis of 21 mm, an internal volume of 3.2 cc, and an interelectrode distance of 7 mm was used. Argon gas was contained as an initiating inert gas, and the pressure in the sealed tube was set to 50 to 300 torr (6.65 to 39.9 kPa). The electrodes were made of tungsten as the base material. Cesium was contained to prevent flickering of the lamp. Of course, it is to be understood that the present invention is not intended to be limited to the above-mentioned size or pressure, etc.
- Table 1 indicates the compositions, electrical characteristics, optical characteristics, and the like of the contents (excluding argon) of Examples 1 to 9 according to the present invention. In the respective examples, as shown in Table 1, two or more kinds of rare earth metals appropriately selected from dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), thulium (Tm), neodymium (Nd) and erbium (Er); an alkali metal, i.e., cesium (Cs); iodine (I); bromine (Br); and mercury (Hg) were contained in the sealed tube to satisfy the relations (2) and (4). In the manufacture, the rare earth metals and the alkali metal were charged in the form of iodides or bromides in Examples 1 to 9.
- In the following tables, the electrical characteristics indicate the initial value, and the lumen maintenance factor of the optical characteristics is a proportion of the value of the luminous flux at a lapse of a predetermined period of time with respect to the initial value of the luminous flux at the central area on the screen when light was projected from the metal halide lamp of each example which is mounted in an overhead projector. In the result of judgement, x represented a case wherein the lumen maintenance factor was less than 70% before the lapse of 48 hours since the start of light emission, △ represented a case wherein the lumen maintenance factor was 70% or more at the lapse of 48 hours but was less than 70% at the lapse of 500 hours, o represented a case wherein the lumen maintenance factor was between 70% or more and less than 80% at the lapse of 500 hours, and ⓞ represented a case wherein the lumen maintenance factor was 80% or more at the lapse of 500 hours.
- As is understood from Table 1, it is apparent that in any of Examples 1 to 9, a high lumen maintenance factor was maintained over a long period of time, and blackening of the tube wall was prevented. Especially, in Example 1 wherein 10.75 x 10⁻⁶ mole of rare earth metals (dysprosium, holmium, and thulium), 0.51 x 10⁻⁶ mole of cesium, 32.76 x 10⁻⁶ mole of iodine, and 27.75 x 10⁻⁶ mole of bromine were contained in the sealed tube, the lumen maintenance factor was maintained at 90% over 1,000 hours and 85% after 1,630 hours, thereby obtaining an excellent result.
-
-
- In
Sample 1 of Table 2, iodine was not charged but only an excess of bromine with respect to the rare earth metals was charged. This sample corresponds to the means disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-32338. The lumen maintenance factor was 70% after 300 hours, and thus a comparatively good result was obtained. However, the remarkable effect as shown in Example 1 of the present invention was not obtained. -
Samples Samples 2 and 4 the lumen maintenance factors become less than 70% after 48 hours, so that blackening of the tube wall occurs in an early period. - It will be understood from comparison between Tables 1 and 2 that the performance of the metal halide lamp is remarkably improved according to the present invention. Fig. 3 is a graph showing service life data of Example 1 of the present invention and that of
Sample 2. The excellence of the present invention can be clearly recognized from Fig. 3. - In the above embodiment, only iodine and bromine are sealed in the lamp as halogens. However, since fluorine (F) and chlorine (Cl) as the halogen elements have the same properties as those of bromine, one or both of fluorine and chlorine may be used in place of or together with bromine.
- Similar effects are obtained in a ceramic sealed tube (mainly a light-transmitting alumina (Al₂O₃) tube) in place of the quartz (SiO₂) sealed tube, because the mechanism of blackening of the alumina tube and preventing it is substantially similar to the one for the quartz tube. Also, similar effects are obtained in a sealed tube which is made of a synthetic transparent glass material comprising quartz or alumina doped with a metal oxide, e.g., ZrO₂ or TiO₂.
- Further, the sealed tube need not to be completely transparent but one, e.g., made of frosted glass, that can partly transmit light therethrough may be used instead.
- The inert gas in the sealed tube is not limited to argon gas, but other gases, e.g., helium, neon, krypton, xenon, or radon gas, can be used.
- As has been described above, according to the present invention, a remarkable effect can be obtained in which blackening of the tube wall of a metal halide lamp is prevented over a long period of time and the service life of the metal halide lamp is greatly prolonged.
Claims (17)
- A metal halide lamp comprising:
a sealed tube capable of transmitting light therethrough;
a pair of electrodes comprising tungsten as a base material and arranged to oppose each other in said sealed tube; and
contents of said sealed tube and including an inert gas, mercury, at least one kind of rare earth metal, bromine and iodine, a total number of moles of bromine and iodine being in excess of a number of moles of the rare earth metal. - A metal halide lamp according to claim 1, wherein said contents of said sealed tube further include at least one kind of alkali metal.
- A metal halide lamp according to claim 3, wherein a relationship among bromine, iodine, the rare earth metal and the alkali metal satisfies:
- A metal halide lamp according to claim 3, wherein a relationship among bromine, iodine, the rare earth metal and the alkali metal satisfies:
- A metal halide lamp according to claim 3, wherein a relationship among bromine, iodine, the rare earth metal and the alkali metal satisfies:
- A metal halide lamp according to claim 1, wherein said sealed tube comprises quartz.
- A metal halide lamp according to claim 1, wherein said sealed tube comprises a ceramic.
- A metal halide lamp according to claim 8, wherein said ceramic is alumina.
- A metal halide lamp according to claim 1, wherein said sealed tube comprises a synthetic transparent glass material comprising quartz doped with a metal oxide.
- A metal halide lamp according to claim 10, wherein said metal oxide is an element selected from the group consisting of ZrO₂ and TiO₂.
- A metal halide lamp according to claim 1, wherein said sealed tube comprises a synthetic transparent glass material comprising alumina doped with a metal oxide.
- A metal halide lamp according to claim 12, wherein said metal oxide is an element selected from the group consisting of ZrO₂ and TiO₂.
- A metal halide lamp according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas is a gas selected from the group consisting of argon, helium, neon, krypton, xenon and radon gases.
- A metal halide lamp according to claim 1, wherein the rare earth metal is an element selected from the group consisting of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium.
- A metal halide lamp according to claim 3, wherein the alkali metal is an element selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium.
- A metal halide lamp according to claim 1, wherein at least one of fluorine and chlorine is contained in said sealed tube in place of or together with bromine.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP4256287A JPH06111769A (en) | 1992-09-25 | 1992-09-25 | Metal halide lamp |
DE1994603190 DE69403190T2 (en) | 1994-03-02 | 1994-03-02 | Metal halide lamp |
EP94301523A EP0670588B1 (en) | 1992-09-25 | 1994-03-02 | Metal halide lamp |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP4256287A JPH06111769A (en) | 1992-09-25 | 1992-09-25 | Metal halide lamp |
EP94301523A EP0670588B1 (en) | 1992-09-25 | 1994-03-02 | Metal halide lamp |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0670588A1 true EP0670588A1 (en) | 1995-09-06 |
EP0670588B1 EP0670588B1 (en) | 1997-05-14 |
Family
ID=26136968
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94301523A Expired - Lifetime EP0670588B1 (en) | 1992-09-25 | 1994-03-02 | Metal halide lamp |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0670588B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH06111769A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5866981A (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1999-02-02 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Electrodeless discharge lamp with rare earth metal halides and halogen cycle promoting substance |
CN1118855C (en) * | 1997-04-03 | 2003-08-20 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Metal halogenate lamp |
WO2009075943A2 (en) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-18 | General Electric Company | Metal halide lamp with halogen-promoted wall cleaning cycle |
WO2013096067A1 (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-27 | General Electric Company | High intensity discharge lamp with improved startability and performance |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5532338A (en) * | 1978-08-29 | 1980-03-07 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Metal halide lamp |
EP0169510A2 (en) * | 1984-07-24 | 1986-01-29 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp |
DE3512757A1 (en) * | 1985-04-10 | 1986-10-23 | Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | Metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp |
EP0477668A1 (en) * | 1990-09-24 | 1992-04-01 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | High pressure metal halide discharge lamp |
-
1992
- 1992-09-25 JP JP4256287A patent/JPH06111769A/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-03-02 EP EP94301523A patent/EP0670588B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5532338A (en) * | 1978-08-29 | 1980-03-07 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Metal halide lamp |
EP0169510A2 (en) * | 1984-07-24 | 1986-01-29 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp |
DE3512757A1 (en) * | 1985-04-10 | 1986-10-23 | Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | Metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp |
EP0477668A1 (en) * | 1990-09-24 | 1992-04-01 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | High pressure metal halide discharge lamp |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 4, no. 63 (E - 010) 13 May 1980 (1980-05-13) * |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5866981A (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1999-02-02 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Electrodeless discharge lamp with rare earth metal halides and halogen cycle promoting substance |
DE19632220B4 (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 2005-07-28 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd., Kadoma | Electrodeless discharge lamp |
CN1118855C (en) * | 1997-04-03 | 2003-08-20 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Metal halogenate lamp |
WO2009075943A2 (en) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-18 | General Electric Company | Metal halide lamp with halogen-promoted wall cleaning cycle |
WO2009075943A3 (en) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-08-27 | General Electric Company | Metal halide lamp with halogen-promoted wall cleaning cycle |
WO2013096067A1 (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-27 | General Electric Company | High intensity discharge lamp with improved startability and performance |
US8482198B1 (en) | 2011-12-19 | 2013-07-09 | General Electric Company | High intensity discharge lamp with improved startability and performance |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0670588B1 (en) | 1997-05-14 |
JPH06111769A (en) | 1994-04-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5451838A (en) | Metal halide lamp | |
US6731068B2 (en) | Ceramic metal halide lamp | |
EP1830388B1 (en) | High-pressure mercury discharge lamp whose blackening is reduced by low content of lithium, sodium, and potassium | |
EP2229687B1 (en) | Metal halide lamp including a source of available oxygen | |
US5013968A (en) | Reprographic metal halide lamps having long life and maintenance | |
EP0271911A2 (en) | Rare earth halide light source with enhanced red emission | |
US20090146571A1 (en) | Metal halide lamp with halogen-promoted wall cleaning cycle | |
US6921730B2 (en) | Glass composition, protective-layer composition, binder composition, and lamp | |
EP1174905A1 (en) | Fluorescent lamp, high intensity discharge lamp and incandescent lamp with improved luminous efficiency | |
US3530327A (en) | Metal halide discharge lamps with rare-earth metal oxide used as electrode emission material | |
EP0670588B1 (en) | Metal halide lamp | |
US8482198B1 (en) | High intensity discharge lamp with improved startability and performance | |
JP2003521804A (en) | Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp and compact fluorescent lamp | |
US4229673A (en) | Mercury metal-halide lamp including neodymium iodide, cesium and sodium iodide | |
EP0389907B1 (en) | Lighting lamp | |
US3867664A (en) | Electric discharge devices | |
JP3981301B2 (en) | Metal halide lamp | |
EP1134776A2 (en) | High pressure mercury vapour discharge lamp with reduced sensitivity to variations in operating parameters | |
EP0634780B1 (en) | Metal halide discharge lamp, illumination optical apparatus, and image display system | |
US7276853B2 (en) | Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp | |
US5973454A (en) | Short arc type metal halide lamp with encapsulated rare earth metal halides to increase color reproducibility | |
US20060082313A1 (en) | Metal halide lamp | |
JP3269381B2 (en) | Metal halide lamp | |
HU196861B (en) | Low colour-temperature high-pressure metal-halide lamp with good colour reproduction | |
JP3378361B2 (en) | Metal halide lamp, illumination optical device and image display device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19950426 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19951120 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT SE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRE;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.SCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 19970514 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69403190 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19970619 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19970814 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20050224 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20050308 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20060301 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20061003 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20061130 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20070302 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20060331 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070302 |