EP0670039A1 - Calibration systems. - Google Patents

Calibration systems.

Info

Publication number
EP0670039A1
EP0670039A1 EP93924757A EP93924757A EP0670039A1 EP 0670039 A1 EP0670039 A1 EP 0670039A1 EP 93924757 A EP93924757 A EP 93924757A EP 93924757 A EP93924757 A EP 93924757A EP 0670039 A1 EP0670039 A1 EP 0670039A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
calibration system
air
test gas
syringes
calibration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93924757A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0670039B1 (en
Inventor
Richard Frederick Griffiths
John Lawrence
Aled Williams
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UK Secretary of State for Defence
Original Assignee
UK Secretary of State for Defence
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UK Secretary of State for Defence filed Critical UK Secretary of State for Defence
Publication of EP0670039A1 publication Critical patent/EP0670039A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0670039B1 publication Critical patent/EP0670039B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0006—Calibrating gas analysers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0026—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment using an alternating circulation of another gas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to systems providing an accurately variable known concentration of one gas in a mainstream of another gas, and is particularly concerned with such systems for use in calibrating instruments such as gas detection devices.
  • the mainstream will usually be air and will, for convenience, be referred to hereafter as an airstream.
  • test gas detection devices which provide a measure of tracer or pollutant gas (henceforth, for convenience, referred to as test gas) in an airstream are well known.
  • Devices which operate on the principle of ionisation of the test gas by means of ultra-violet light are described in, for example, GB 1576474 and PCT/GB92/01313- In the devices described in these documents an airstream containing test gas is subjected to ultra-violet light and is passed between a pair of electrodes. Ionisation of the test gas results in the flow of electrical current between the electrodes and measurement of this current can, with calibration of the devices, provide an indication of the concentration of the test gas in the airstream.
  • the conventional method of calibration relies on commercially provided supplies of bottled gases containing requisite ratios of calibration gases in an undetectable carrier/buffer.
  • This method has many disadvantages, amongst which are; economy, in that successful calibration requires a large number of different mixtures, and in that each separate mixture is seldom completely used: in fact each calibration usually only requires only very small quantities of each mixture, and at relatively infrequent intervals, practicality, in that detection devices of the type referred to require calibration on site, which requires a disproportionate effort to be devoted to the transport and manipulation of calibration equipment and mixtures, and technical validity, in that the calibration gases are supplied as nominal mixtures, which require further costly assay to confirm their precise composition. Furthermore the carrier gas itself may be contaminated. It is also preferable that the actual test gases which will be used or met in the field should be used in the calibrations rather than commercial equivalents.
  • a calibration system is characterised in that it includes means for supplying to a device to be calibrated; a metered supply of air drawn from the ambient air, a metered supply of test gas, and means for introducing this into the metered supply of air, and means for controlling the supplies of air and of test gas.
  • the air supply might conveniently comprise an air filter, blower unit and a flow meter which might, for example, be a turbine flow meter. Control of the air flow might be effected by having a variable capacity blower or by the use of an air bleed valve.
  • the test gas supply may use a combination of a mass flow controller and one or more syringes, or a plurality of syringes, advantageously of different capacities, combined in one or more units.
  • the calibration system is preferably in the form of a portable pack.
  • Figure 1 shows the mechanical layout of a test system according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows the front panel controls of the system.
  • Figure 3 shows the electronic chassis layout of the system,
  • Figure 4 shows the control block diagram,
  • Figure 5 shows connections to a syringe unit used in the system
  • Figure 6 shows connections to a solenoid driver used for driving the syringe unit.
  • Figure 7 shows some of the electronics used in the system
  • Figure 8 shows the mechanical layout of a second form of test system according to the invention
  • Figure 9 shows the control block diagram of the second system
  • Figure 10 shows connections to the syringe units used in the second system.
  • a calibration system ( Figure 1) has a blower 10 connected to an ambient air supply by a filter 11.
  • the blower 10 is connected by tubing 12 to a T junction 13 from which a first leg leads to an air bleed valve 14 and a second leg leads via a flow straightener 15 to a turbine flow meter 16.
  • the turbine meter 16 is connected to a mixing manifold 17 which has a first input 18 from a mass flow controller 19, via a mass flow shut off valve 20, and a second input 21 from a syringe drive unit 22 which contains a stepping motor (not shown in Figure 1) connected to drive four syringes 29-
  • a test gas supply line 23 connectable to a test gas supply 24 has an inlet valve 25 and an expansion chamber 26, and has a connection 27 to the mass flow controller 19 and a connection 28 to the bank of four syringes 29 mounted on the syringe drive unit 22.
  • the mixing manifold 17 is connected by a mixing tube 30 to a diffuser 31 to which can be attached a device 3 to be calibrated.
  • a system control unit has a control panel 39 on which are positioned ( Figure 2) a power supply switch 40, a blower switch 41, a flow switch 42 by which either a high or a low blower flow can be selected, a low flow indicator 43 which gives an indication if the airflow drops below a predetermined minimum, a selector switch 44 which allows either the first input 18 (mass flow controller) or the second input 21 (syringes) to be connected to the mixing manifold 17, a gas control switch 4 by which the output of the mass flow controller 19 can be adjusted, a syringe selector switch 46 which allows an output of one of the syringes 29 to be connected to the second input 21, and a syringe keyboard 47. Also on the control panel are an air supply gauge 50, a mass flow controller supply gauge 5 . a syringe programme indicator 52 and a purge switch 53•
  • An electronics chassis 60 ( Figure 3) has mounted thereon electronic systems relating to the syringe unit 61, syringe drive and display board 62, solenoid drive board 63. flow meter unit 64, input connector block 65, front panel connector board 66, power supply 67 and miscellaneous systems 68.
  • the control block diagram is shown in Figure 4, where items relating to items described with reference to Figure 1 are identified by numerals as used for the items.
  • the control block includes a mass flow controller 19a and a syringe unit controller 29a.
  • the syringe control unit ( Figure 5) includes the keyboard 47 by which the syringe 19 output can be adjusted by means of a primary function (start/ stop) St key, a ⁇ key 7L a > key 72 and a Function Fn key 73-
  • This unit also contains a solenoid driver 74 (see also Figure 6) solenoid valves 75, a stepping motor 76 for driving the syringes 19. LCD displays 77. 78 and various other equipment.
  • Other electronics associated with the system are shown in Figure 7.
  • Examples of components suitable for use in the invention are a Rosemount Mass Flow Controller Type 58501, a Quad ⁇ na Flow Meter QBG/16B/EP1, a GAST Regmair Blower R1102, a RS Power Supply 594-763. and Hamilton Syringes.
  • the system is prepared for a calibration by connecting a test gas container 24 to the supply line 23 and a unit 3 to be tested to the diffuser 31- The test gas system is then purged by blowing test gas therethrough, with the blower 10 operating to prevent test gas from flowing back towards the blower, and by operating the syringes 29.
  • the syringes 29 are filled with test gas, which is allowed to stabilise to atmospheric pressure by suitable operation of the solenoid valves 75•
  • the system is programmed to provide a sequence of concentrations of test gas in the airflow, using test gas from the mass flow controller 19 and from the syringes 29 as appropriate, and then calibration is carried out by running the sequences through the item 32. Results are plotted manually or automatically on recording instruments in the usual way.
  • the syringes 29 are driven in ganged fashion and each syringe is connected to a solenoid valve (not shown in Figure 1 but see 140 in Figure 8) by which it can be connected either to the test gas input 28 or to the mixing manifold 17.
  • the required delivery rates are obtained by programming individual syringes 29 or combinations of syringes 29 to be connected by the valves to the mixing manifold 17 and driving the stepping motor at an appropriates speed, syringes 29 not required for a particular calibration point being connected to the test gas input 28 so that gas therefrom flows back along the system, excessive build up of pressure being prevented by the presence of the expansion chamber 26.
  • FIG. 8 the test gas is metered entirely by syringes.
  • like items are numbered as in Figure 1.
  • six syringes are employed, these being combined in two units.
  • Four small capacity syringes l4l are ganged together by a ganging member 142 in a first unit 122, and are driveable by a stepping motor (not shown) .
  • Typical capacities for these might be 10 mL for two, 250uL for a third and 2.5mL for a fourth.
  • Two large capacity syringes 143 are ganged together by a ganging member 144 in a second unit 123 and are driveable by a stepping motor 145.
  • a typical capacity for each syringe might be lOOmL.
  • Each syringe l4l, 143 can be connected to the test gas supply 28 or to the mixing manifold 17 by a solenoid valve 140.
  • control block system and the syringe unit operating system for this second embodiment of the invention are shown in Figures 9 and 10 respectively.
  • the syringes l4l, 143 are operated in the same manner as the syringes 29 in the first embodiment of the invention as described above. It will be realised that many alternative arrangements and components are possible within the scope of the invention, and that exact operating procedures will depend on these.
  • drive motors other than stepping motors might be used for driving the syringes 29, l4l, 143. or an individual drive motor might be provided for some or all of the syringes. In some circumstances it might be acceptable to vent gas to atmosphere from syringes rather than returning it to the system.
  • the syringes may be installed in a single unit, or in more than the two units described in the second embodiment. Also alternative delivery systems might be used to replace those described above. Many alternative types of flowmeter might be used.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Stereophonic System (AREA)
  • Cash Registers Or Receiving Machines (AREA)

Abstract

A calibration system includes an air system having a blower unit (10), a flow meter (16) and means (15) for controlling an airflow through a mixing manifold (17) to which a metered amount of a test gas can be added from either a mass flow controller (19) or a syringe drive unit (21).

Description

CALIBRATION SYSTEMS
The present invention relates to systems providing an accurately variable known concentration of one gas in a mainstream of another gas, and is particularly concerned with such systems for use in calibrating instruments such as gas detection devices. The mainstream will usually be air and will, for convenience, be referred to hereafter as an airstream.
Gas detection devices which provide a measure of tracer or pollutant gas (henceforth, for convenience, referred to as test gas) in an airstream are well known. Devices which operate on the principle of ionisation of the test gas by means of ultra-violet light are described in, for example, GB 1576474 and PCT/GB92/01313- In the devices described in these documents an airstream containing test gas is subjected to ultra-violet light and is passed between a pair of electrodes. Ionisation of the test gas results in the flow of electrical current between the electrodes and measurement of this current can, with calibration of the devices, provide an indication of the concentration of the test gas in the airstream.
The conventional method of calibration relies on commercially provided supplies of bottled gases containing requisite ratios of calibration gases in an undetectable carrier/buffer. This method has many disadvantages, amongst which are; economy, in that successful calibration requires a large number of different mixtures, and in that each separate mixture is seldom completely used: in fact each calibration usually only requires only very small quantities of each mixture, and at relatively infrequent intervals, practicality, in that detection devices of the type referred to require calibration on site, which requires a disproportionate effort to be devoted to the transport and manipulation of calibration equipment and mixtures, and technical validity, in that the calibration gases are supplied as nominal mixtures, which require further costly assay to confirm their precise composition. Furthermore the carrier gas itself may be contaminated. It is also preferable that the actual test gases which will be used or met in the field should be used in the calibrations rather than commercial equivalents.
The present invention provides an equipment which overcomes these disadvantages. According to the present invention a calibration system is characterised in that it includes means for supplying to a device to be calibrated; a metered supply of air drawn from the ambient air, a metered supply of test gas, and means for introducing this into the metered supply of air, and means for controlling the supplies of air and of test gas. The air supply might conveniently comprise an air filter, blower unit and a flow meter which might, for example, be a turbine flow meter. Control of the air flow might be effected by having a variable capacity blower or by the use of an air bleed valve.
The test gas supply may use a combination of a mass flow controller and one or more syringes, or a plurality of syringes, advantageously of different capacities, combined in one or more units. The calibration system is preferably in the form of a portable pack.
Some embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, of which;
Figure 1 shows the mechanical layout of a test system according to the invention,
Figure 2 shows the front panel controls of the system. Figure 3 shows the electronic chassis layout of the system, Figure 4 shows the control block diagram,
Figure 5 shows connections to a syringe unit used in the system, Figure 6 shows connections to a solenoid driver used for driving the syringe unit.
Figure 7 shows some of the electronics used in the system, Figure 8 shows the mechanical layout of a second form of test system according to the invention, Figure 9 shows the control block diagram of the second system, and Figure 10 shows connections to the syringe units used in the second system.
A calibration system (Figure 1) has a blower 10 connected to an ambient air supply by a filter 11. The blower 10 is connected by tubing 12 to a T junction 13 from which a first leg leads to an air bleed valve 14 and a second leg leads via a flow straightener 15 to a turbine flow meter 16. The turbine meter 16 is connected to a mixing manifold 17 which has a first input 18 from a mass flow controller 19, via a mass flow shut off valve 20, and a second input 21 from a syringe drive unit 22 which contains a stepping motor (not shown in Figure 1) connected to drive four syringes 29-
A test gas supply line 23 connectable to a test gas supply 24 has an inlet valve 25 and an expansion chamber 26, and has a connection 27 to the mass flow controller 19 and a connection 28 to the bank of four syringes 29 mounted on the syringe drive unit 22. The mixing manifold 17 is connected by a mixing tube 30 to a diffuser 31 to which can be attached a device 3 to be calibrated.
A system control unit has a control panel 39 on which are positioned (Figure 2) a power supply switch 40, a blower switch 41, a flow switch 42 by which either a high or a low blower flow can be selected, a low flow indicator 43 which gives an indication if the airflow drops below a predetermined minimum, a selector switch 44 which allows either the first input 18 (mass flow controller) or the second input 21 (syringes) to be connected to the mixing manifold 17, a gas control switch 4 by which the output of the mass flow controller 19 can be adjusted, a syringe selector switch 46 which allows an output of one of the syringes 29 to be connected to the second input 21, and a syringe keyboard 47. Also on the control panel are an air supply gauge 50, a mass flow controller supply gauge 5 . a syringe programme indicator 52 and a purge switch 53•
An electronics chassis 60 (Figure 3) has mounted thereon electronic systems relating to the syringe unit 61, syringe drive and display board 62, solenoid drive board 63. flow meter unit 64, input connector block 65, front panel connector board 66, power supply 67 and miscellaneous systems 68.
The control block diagram is shown in Figure 4, where items relating to items described with reference to Figure 1 are identified by numerals as used for the items. In particular, the control block includes a mass flow controller 19a and a syringe unit controller 29a. The syringe control unit (Figure 5) includes the keyboard 47 by which the syringe 19 output can be adjusted by means of a primary function (start/ stop) St key, a < key 7L a > key 72 and a Function Fn key 73- This unit also contains a solenoid driver 74 (see also Figure 6) solenoid valves 75, a stepping motor 76 for driving the syringes 19. LCD displays 77. 78 and various other equipment. Other electronics associated with the system are shown in Figure 7.
Examples of components suitable for use in the invention are a Rosemount Mass Flow Controller Type 58501, a Quadπna Flow Meter QBG/16B/EP1, a GAST Regmair Blower R1102, a RS Power Supply 594-763. and Hamilton Syringes.
The system is prepared for a calibration by connecting a test gas container 24 to the supply line 23 and a unit 3 to be tested to the diffuser 31- The test gas system is then purged by blowing test gas therethrough, with the blower 10 operating to prevent test gas from flowing back towards the blower, and by operating the syringes 29.
The syringes 29 are filled with test gas, which is allowed to stabilise to atmospheric pressure by suitable operation of the solenoid valves 75• The system is programmed to provide a sequence of concentrations of test gas in the airflow, using test gas from the mass flow controller 19 and from the syringes 29 as appropriate, and then calibration is carried out by running the sequences through the item 32. Results are plotted manually or automatically on recording instruments in the usual way.
The syringes 29 are driven in ganged fashion and each syringe is connected to a solenoid valve (not shown in Figure 1 but see 140 in Figure 8) by which it can be connected either to the test gas input 28 or to the mixing manifold 17. The required delivery rates are obtained by programming individual syringes 29 or combinations of syringes 29 to be connected by the valves to the mixing manifold 17 and driving the stepping motor at an appropriates speed, syringes 29 not required for a particular calibration point being connected to the test gas input 28 so that gas therefrom flows back along the system, excessive build up of pressure being prevented by the presence of the expansion chamber 26.
In a second embodiment of the invention (Figure 8) the test gas is metered entirely by syringes. In Figure 8 like items are numbered as in Figure 1. In this embodiment six syringes are employed, these being combined in two units. Four small capacity syringes l4l are ganged together by a ganging member 142 in a first unit 122, and are driveable by a stepping motor (not shown) . Typical capacities for these might be 10 mL for two, 250uL for a third and 2.5mL for a fourth. Two large capacity syringes 143 are ganged together by a ganging member 144 in a second unit 123 and are driveable by a stepping motor 145. A typical capacity for each syringe might be lOOmL.
Each syringe l4l, 143 can be connected to the test gas supply 28 or to the mixing manifold 17 by a solenoid valve 140.
The control block system and the syringe unit operating system for this second embodiment of the invention are shown in Figures 9 and 10 respectively.
In use, the syringes l4l, 143 are operated in the same manner as the syringes 29 in the first embodiment of the invention as described above. It will be realised that many alternative arrangements and components are possible within the scope of the invention, and that exact operating procedures will depend on these. For example, drive motors other than stepping motors might be used for driving the syringes 29, l4l, 143. or an individual drive motor might be provided for some or all of the syringes. In some circumstances it might be acceptable to vent gas to atmosphere from syringes rather than returning it to the system. The syringes may be installed in a single unit, or in more than the two units described in the second embodiment. Also alternative delivery systems might be used to replace those described above. Many alternative types of flowmeter might be used.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:
1. A calibration system characterised in including means for supplying to a device to be calibrated; a metered supply of air (15. 16) drawn from the ambient air, a metered supply of test gas (18. 21), and means (19, 22 , 122, 123) for introducing this into the metered supply of air, and means (10, 14, 39, 19a. 29a, 47) for controlling the supplies of air and of test gas.
2. A calibration system as claimed in Claim 1 characterised in that the means for introducing the test gas into the airstream includes at least two alternative delivery systems (19. 22 ) capable of delivering test gas at different concentrations.
3- A calibration system as claimed in Claim 2 characterised in that at least a first delivery system includes a mass flow controller(19) .
4. A calibration system as claimed in Claim 2 or in Claim 3 characterised in that at least a second delivery system (22) contains at least one syringe (29).
5- A calibration system as claimed in claim 4 characterised in that the second delivery system contains a plurality of syringes (29) .
6. A calibration system as claimed in Claim 1 or in Claim 2 characterised in that the means for introducing the test gas into the airstream includes a plurality of syringes (29. l4l, 143).
7- A calibration system as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 6 characterised in that the air supply comprises an air filter (11), a blower unit (10) and a flow meter (16).
8. A calibration system as claimed in Claim ~ characterised in that the air supply is controlled by a variable capacity blower (10).
9. A calibration system as claimed in Claim ~ wherein the air supply is controlled by the use of an air bleed valve (14).
10. A calibration system as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 9 characterised in that it is portable.
EP93924757A 1992-11-19 1993-11-12 Calibration systems Expired - Lifetime EP0670039B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB929224304A GB9224304D0 (en) 1992-11-19 1992-11-19 Calibration systems
GB9224304 1992-11-19
PCT/GB1993/002334 WO1994011732A1 (en) 1992-11-19 1993-11-12 Calibration systems

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0670039A1 true EP0670039A1 (en) 1995-09-06
EP0670039B1 EP0670039B1 (en) 1997-07-23

Family

ID=10725379

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93924757A Expired - Lifetime EP0670039B1 (en) 1992-11-19 1993-11-12 Calibration systems

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US5616822A (en)
EP (1) EP0670039B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH08503073A (en)
KR (1) KR950704685A (en)
AU (1) AU674900B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2149911A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69312507T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0670039T3 (en)
FI (1) FI952432A (en)
GB (2) GB9224304D0 (en)
NO (1) NO951960L (en)
NZ (1) NZ257621A (en)
WO (1) WO1994011732A1 (en)

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NL1007860C2 (en) * 1997-12-19 1999-06-22 Euroglas Bv Method and device for analyzing a sample.
US6227227B1 (en) * 1999-06-18 2001-05-08 Masconi Commerce Systems Inc. Single meter blending fuel dispensing system
US6234001B1 (en) 1999-08-03 2001-05-22 Ian W. Sorensen Apparatus and method for generating calibration gas
US6415642B1 (en) * 1999-12-14 2002-07-09 Hans Rudolph, Inc. DLco calibration syringe apparatus
FR2835443B1 (en) * 2002-02-01 2004-03-05 Commissariat Energie Atomique METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MIXING GAS
DE60333290D1 (en) * 2003-09-09 2010-08-19 Lawer S P A A device to measure fluids, for example for textile mills
US8347686B2 (en) 2010-06-15 2013-01-08 Joseph Daniel R Automatic valve calibration of a blown-film extrusion apparatus

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US3776023A (en) * 1971-12-22 1973-12-04 Monitor Labs Inc Calibration system for gas analyzers
DE2211032C3 (en) * 1972-03-08 1975-05-28 Varian Mat Gmbh, 2800 Bremen Method and device for determining the partial pressures or concentrations of gases dissolved in a liquid, in particular in the blood
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH08503073A (en) 1996-04-02
DK0670039T3 (en) 1997-09-22
GB2289127B (en) 1996-10-30
FI952432A0 (en) 1995-05-18
FI952432A (en) 1995-07-18
US5616822A (en) 1997-04-01
NZ257621A (en) 1996-02-27
EP0670039B1 (en) 1997-07-23
DE69312507T2 (en) 1997-11-06
WO1994011732A1 (en) 1994-05-26
CA2149911A1 (en) 1994-05-26
NO951960L (en) 1995-07-19
NO951960D0 (en) 1995-05-18
AU5430494A (en) 1994-06-08
DE69312507D1 (en) 1997-08-28
GB9224304D0 (en) 1993-01-06
AU674900B2 (en) 1997-01-16
GB9510117D0 (en) 1995-07-12
GB2289127A (en) 1995-11-08
KR950704685A (en) 1995-11-20

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