EP0669451B1 - Seal between the blades and the intermediate platforms - Google Patents
Seal between the blades and the intermediate platforms Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0669451B1 EP0669451B1 EP95400353A EP95400353A EP0669451B1 EP 0669451 B1 EP0669451 B1 EP 0669451B1 EP 95400353 A EP95400353 A EP 95400353A EP 95400353 A EP95400353 A EP 95400353A EP 0669451 B1 EP0669451 B1 EP 0669451B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blades
- platforms
- envelope
- sealing means
- rotor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/005—Sealing means between non relatively rotating elements
- F01D11/006—Sealing the gap between rotor blades or blades and rotor
- F01D11/008—Sealing the gap between rotor blades or blades and rotor by spacer elements between the blades, e.g. independent interblade platforms
Definitions
- the invention relates to a gasket. seal arranged in an assembly of blades on a blower disc and intermediate platforms thus forming a rotor.
- a common concept is to produce the platform segments of a block with the vanes. It is exposed in numerous patents and presents the advantage that the platform segments get join vanes halfway through junctions straight lines that are easy to fill with a trim sealing.
- the downside is that the platforms, whose extension is substantially perpendicular to that of the blades, complicate their realization.
- the invention thus applies to constructions where the platforms are made in as loose parts of the blades and extend each between a pair of blades forming a set with each of them, which unfortunately implies that games are important along the blades because of the complexity of the form of these and in particular of their curvature and the need to dismantle the platforms.
- the platforms are held in position between the blades by two ferrules, one located upstream of the rotor, the other downstream.
- the invention may also apply to a rotor whose platforms have a foot which is housed in machined cells in the disc.
- GB-A-1 331 209 which shows seals occupying in the games between blades and platforms work.
- the invention relates to a gasket seal that can be placed in any of these games and who fills them properly. More precisely, it relates to an assembly for rotor, composed blades embedded in the rotor and platforms located between pairs of consecutive blades, sets substantially longitudinal remaining between the vanes and platforms, seals occupying the games and this assembly is characterized in that the fittings are made up of a envelope composed of a face bearing against the sides platforms and a flexible face directed towards the blade surfaces.
- the envelope can equivalent, be composed of one side bearing against the surfaces of the blades and of a flexible directed face towards the sides of the platforms.
- the fittings are still formed of a slender piece massive in the envelope, which can be sectored or composed of a plurality of elements.
- Figure 1 shows essentially a turbomachine as usual provided with several stages of compressors, turbines, etc., and which opens, on the left in the figure, by a blower input S composed of a rotor disc 8 carrying a circular stage of radial blades 1 which separate platforms 2 delimiting a flow vein.
- a blower input S composed of a rotor disc 8 carrying a circular stage of radial blades 1 which separate platforms 2 delimiting a flow vein.
- FIG 3 We can see two blades 1 adjacent and an intermediate platform 2, composed a central spar 3 and cores 4 on the one hand and other side member 3.
- the cores 4 have external flanks 6 oriented towards the blades 1 and which flare outward in a radial direction.
- the game 7, determined by the mounting method, with the blades 1 is only a few millimeters.
- Platform parts 2 are in composite material, which significantly reduces the rotor. We see in Figure 2 that they extend over all the length of disc 8, and exceed two sides by an upstream appendage 10 and an appendage downstream 11. An upstream ferrule 12 and a downstream ferrule 13 attached to the side faces of the disc 8 and fixed to these faces according to known arrangements cover Appendices 10 and 11 respectively platform 2 and thus hold these parts against axial and radial movements. In this realization, the platform parts 2 are held by the ferrules 12 and 13 a few tenths of a millimeter from the surface of the disc 8.
- the seals that occupy games 7 have the general reference 15 on the figure 3.
- Each consists of an envelope 16 formed of an internal face 17, an external face 18 and a radially internal heel 19.
- the section of envelope 16 is therefore triangular as it is shown, when inserting the parts of platform 2.
- a slender piece in the shape of rod 20 is engaged in the envelope 16 and occupies part of the volume it encompasses.
- Baguette 20 is not necessarily flexible and can be made of metal or of composite material, but whose mass is sufficient for it to move in the envelope 16 under the action of centrifugal forces created at operation.
- the casing 16 is made of elastomer, its face outer 18 and heel 19 have the ability to deform, and the rod 20 has the freedom to slide in the envelope 16 outwards to get closer from the place of game 7 and fill it.
- Baguette 20 is advantageously cylindrical with all its sections for facilitate its sliding.
- the envelope 16 then takes the shape of a triangle with the point inwards in a radial direction instead of being outward.
- the internal face 17 remains for its part glued to the side 6 corresponding.
- FIG 4 illustrates this realization of the invention in centripetal view.
- Each platform piece 2 carries two seals 15 similar, even if the respective games 7a and 7b which separate the edge of the platform piece 2 from the blades 1 between which it is located can be different: the flexibility of the envelope 16 allows bridge wide as well as narrow 7 games.
- the sides 6 of the platform pieces 2 are substantially parallel to the sides of the vanes 1 in front of which they extend, and that the seals 15 are bent so similar. Games 7 are thus filled over their entire length by a substantially uniform movement of translation of the sticks 20.
- FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment in which platform parts 2 have as the vanes 1 a foot 5 engaged in a cavity of the disc 8 produced by a pinout. Ferrules 12 and 13 can then be omitted.
- Figure 7 illustrates another embodiment of the invention, in which the internal face, here 17 ′, of the casing 16 ′ of the seals 15 is glued to the flank of the blade 1, and the external face 18 'and the talcn 19 'are directed towards the side 6 of the platform 2.
- the operation is the even because centrifugal forces move the wand 20 towards the narrow portion of the game and therefore fill it.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Description
L'invention concerne une garniture d'étanchéité disposée dans un assemblage d'aubes sur un disque de soufflante et de plates-formes intermédiaires formant ainsi un rotor.The invention relates to a gasket. seal arranged in an assembly of blades on a blower disc and intermediate platforms thus forming a rotor.
La conception la plus classique de rotors aubagés indispensables notamment dans les turboréacteurs consiste à construire séparément le disque du rotor et les aubes, et à assembler celles-ci à celui-là en engageant des pieds d'aubes dans des rainures du disque. En effet, il est souvent avantageux de produire à part les aubes, qui sont des pièces incurvées de forme souvent compliquée à réaliser.The most classic design of rotors essential cuttings especially in turbojets consists of separately building the rotor disc and the blades, and to assemble them to that one by engaging the feet of blades in disc grooves. Indeed, it is often advantageous to produce apart from the blades, which are parts curved in shape often complicated to achieve.
On se heurte alors à la difficulté d'installer des plates-formes entre les aubes pour border le disque par une surface circulaire et lisse dont la fonction est de délimiter la veine d'écoulement des gaz, car ces plates-formes sont parfois des pièces rapportées entre l'extrados et l'intrados d'aubes adjacentes, ce qui laisse subsister des jeux qui détruisent la continuité de la surface de la veine et qu'il faut donc réduire autant qu'on le peut afin de ne pas compromettre la qualité de l'écoulement.We then come up against the difficulty to install platforms between the blades to border the disc with a circular and smooth surface whose function is to delimit the flow vein gases, because these platforms are sometimes parts reported between the upper surface and lower surface of blades adjacent, which leaves games that destroy the continuity of the vein surface and that it is therefore necessary to reduce as much as possible in order not to not compromise the quality of flow.
Une conception courante consiste à produire les segments de plate-forme d'un bloc avec les aubes. Elle est exposée dans de nombreux brevets et présente l'avantage que les segments de plates-formes se joignent à mi-distance des aubes par des jonctions droites qu'il est facile de combler par une garniture d'étanchéité. L'inconvénient est que les plates-formes, dont l'extension est sensiblement perpendiculaire à celle des aubes, compliquent leur réalisation. A common concept is to produce the platform segments of a block with the vanes. It is exposed in numerous patents and presents the advantage that the platform segments get join vanes halfway through junctions straight lines that are easy to fill with a trim sealing. The downside is that the platforms, whose extension is substantially perpendicular to that of the blades, complicate their realization.
Il est d'ailleurs avantageux d'alléger le rotor en construisant ces pièces moins exposées aux efforts en matériau composite afin de les alléger, ce qui peut concerner les plates-formes et oblige alors à les séparer des aubes.It is also advantageous to lighten the rotor by building these parts less exposed to efforts in composite material in order to lighten them, this which can relate to platforms and therefore requires separate them from the vanes.
L'invention s'applique ainsi aux constructions où les plates-formes sont réalisées en tant que pièces détachées des aubes et s'étendent chacune entre une paire d'aubes en formant un jeu avec chacune d'elles, ce qui implique malheureusement que les jeux sont importants le long des aubes à cause de la complexité de la forme de celles-ci et notamment de leur courbure et la nécessité du démontage des plates-formes. Dans une série de réalisations, les plates-formes sont maintenues en position entre les aubes par deux viroles, l'une située en amont du rotor, l'autre en aval.The invention thus applies to constructions where the platforms are made in as loose parts of the blades and extend each between a pair of blades forming a set with each of them, which unfortunately implies that games are important along the blades because of the complexity of the form of these and in particular of their curvature and the need to dismantle the platforms. In a series of achievements, the platforms are held in position between the blades by two ferrules, one located upstream of the rotor, the other downstream.
En variante, l'invention peut également s'appliquer à un rotor dont les plates-formes possèdent un pied qui vient se loger dans des alvéoles usinés dans le disque.Alternatively, the invention may also apply to a rotor whose platforms have a foot which is housed in machined cells in the disc.
Des exemples de telles réalisations sont donnés par GB-A-1 331 209, qui montre des garnitures d'étanchéité occupant en fonctionnement les jeux entre aubes et plates-formes.Examples of such embodiments are given by GB-A-1 331 209, which shows seals occupying in the games between blades and platforms work.
L'invention est relative à une garniture d'étanchéité qui peut être placée dans chacun de ces jeux et qui les comble correctement. Plus précisément, elle est relative à un assemblage pour rotor, composé d'aubes encastrées dans le rotor et de plates-formes situées entre des paires d'aubes consécutives, des jeux substantiellement longitudinaux subsistant entre les aubes et les plates-formes, des garnitures d'étanchéité occupant les jeux et cet assemblage est caractérisé en ce que les garnitures d'étanchéité sont formées d'une enveloppe composée d'une face portant contre les flancs des plates-formes et d'une face souple dirigée vers les surfaces des aubes. L'enveloppe peut, de façon équivalente, être composée d'une face portant contre les surfaces des aubes et d'une face souple dirigée vers les flancs des plates-formes. De plus, les garnitures sont encore formées d'une pièce longiligne massive dans l'enveloppe, qui peut être sectorisée ou composée d'une pluralité d'éléments.The invention relates to a gasket seal that can be placed in any of these games and who fills them properly. More precisely, it relates to an assembly for rotor, composed blades embedded in the rotor and platforms located between pairs of consecutive blades, sets substantially longitudinal remaining between the vanes and platforms, seals occupying the games and this assembly is characterized in that the fittings are made up of a envelope composed of a face bearing against the sides platforms and a flexible face directed towards the blade surfaces. The envelope can equivalent, be composed of one side bearing against the surfaces of the blades and of a flexible directed face towards the sides of the platforms. Moreover, the fittings are still formed of a slender piece massive in the envelope, which can be sectored or composed of a plurality of elements.
On va maintenant décrire l'invention plus en détail à l'aide des figures suivantes annexées à titre illustratif et non limitatif :
- la figure 1 est une vue générale d'une machine où l'invention est utilisée,
- la figure 2 est une coupe transversale de l'assemblage représentant une plate-forme maintenue en place par des viroles amont et aval,
- la figure 3 est une coupe dans le sens circonférentiel de l'assemblage de la figure 2,
- la figure 4 est une vue de dessus partiellement éclatée,
- la figure 5 est un détail de la figure 3 et qui illustre le comportement de la garniture d'étanchéité lorsque le moteur tourne conformément à l'invention,
- la figure 6 est une coupe dans le sens circonférentiel d'une variante de l'invention,
- et la figure 7 est une vue analogue à la figure 5 qui illustre une autre réalisation de l'invention.
- FIG. 1 is a general view of a machine where the invention is used,
- FIG. 2 is a cross section of the assembly representing a platform held in place by upstream and downstream ferrules,
- FIG. 3 is a section in the circumferential direction of the assembly of FIG. 2,
- FIG. 4 is a partially exploded top view,
- FIG. 5 is a detail of FIG. 3 and which illustrates the behavior of the seal when the engine is running in accordance with the invention,
- FIG. 6 is a section in the circumferential direction of a variant of the invention,
- and Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 5 which illustrates another embodiment of the invention.
On se reporte tout d'abord aux figures 1 à
3. La figure 1 représente essentiellement une
turbomachine pourvue comme d'habitude de plusieurs
étages de compresseurs, de turbines, etc., et qui
s'ouvre, à gauche sur la figure, par une soufflante
d'entrée S composée d'un disque 8 de rotor portant un
étage circulaire d'aubes 1 radiales qui séparent des
plates-formes 2 délimitant une veine d'écoulement. On
aborde maintenant la figure 3. On y voit deux aubes 1
adjacentes et une plate-forme 2 intermédiaire, composée
d'un longeron central 3 et de noyaux 4 de part et
d'autre du longeron 3. Les noyaux 4 présentent des
flancs 6 externes orientés vers les aubes 1 et qui
s'évasent en direction radiale vers l'extérieur. Le jeu
7, déterminé par le mode de montage, avec les aubes 1
n'est que de quelques millimètres.We first refer to Figures 1 to
3. Figure 1 shows essentially a
turbomachine as usual provided with several
stages of compressors, turbines, etc., and which
opens, on the left in the figure, by a blower
input S composed of a
Les pièces de plate-forme 2 sont en
matériau composite, ce qui allège sensiblement le
rotor. On voit sur la figure 2 qu'elles s'étendent sur
toutes la longueur du disque 8, et en dépassent des
deux côtés par un appendice amont 10 et un appendice
aval 11. Une virole amont 12 et une virole aval 13
accolées aux faces latérales du disque 8 et fixées à
ces faces selon des dispositions connues coiffent
respectivement les appendices 10 et 11 des pièces de
plate-forme 2 et retiennent ainsi ces pièces contre les
mouvements axiaux et radiaux. Dans cette réalisation,
les pièces de plate-forme 2 sont maintenues par les
viroles 12 et 13 à quelques dixièmes de millimètre de
la surface du disque 8.
Les garnitures d'étanchéité qui occupent
les jeux 7 portent la référence générale 15 sur la
figure 3. Chacune est composée d'une enveloppe 16
formée d'une face interne 17, d'une face externe 18 et
d'un talon 19 radialement interne. La section de
l'enveloppe 16 est donc triangulaire telle qu'elle est
représentée, au moment de l'insertion des pièces de
plate-forme 2. Une pièce longiligne en forme de
baguette 20 est engagée dans l'enveloppe 16 et occupe
une partie du volume qu'elle englobe. La baguette 20
n'est pas forcément souple et peut être formée de métal
ou de matériau composite, mais dont la masse est
suffisante pour qu'elle se déplace dans l'enveloppe 16
sous l'action des forces centrifuges créées au
fonctionnement. The seals that occupy
En effet, comme on le représente à la
figure 5, l'enveloppe 16 est en élastomère, sa face
externe 18 et le talon 19 ont la faculté de se
déformer, et la baguette 20 a la liberté de glisser
dans l'enveloppe 16 vers l'extérieur pour se rapprocher
de l'endroit du jeu 7 et le combler. La baguette 20 est
avantageusement cylindrique à toutes ses sections pour
faciliter son glissement. L'enveloppe 16 prend alors la
forme d'un triangle dont la pointe est vers l'intérieur
en direction radiale au lieu d'être vers l'extérieur.
La face interne 17 reste pour sa part collée au flanc 6
correspondant.Indeed, as we represent it at the
Figure 5, the
La figure 4 illustre cette réalisation de
l'invention en vue centripète. Chaque pièce de plate-forme
2 porte deux garnitures d'étanchéité 15
semblables, même si les jeux respectifs 7a et 7b qui
séparent le bord de la pièce de plate-forme 2 des aubes
1 entre lesquelles elle est située peuvent être
différents : la souplesse de l'enveloppe 16 permet de
combler des jeux 7 larges aussi bien qu'étroits. On
remarque aussi que les flancs 6 des pièces de plate-forme
2 sont sensiblement parallèles aux flancs des
aubes 1 devant lesquels ils s'étendent, et que les
garnitures d'étanchéité 15 sont courbées de façon
semblable. Les jeux 7 sont ainsi comblés sur toute leur
longueur par un mouvement sensiblement uniforme de
translation des baguettes 20.Figure 4 illustrates this realization of
the invention in centripetal view. Each
La figure 6 illustre une réalisation dans
laquelle les pièces de plate-forme 2 possèdent comme
les aubes 1 un pied 5 engagé dans un alvéole du disque
8 réalisé par un brochage. Les viroles 12 et 13 peuvent
alors être omises.FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment in
which
La figure 7 illustre une autre réalisation
de l'invention, dans laquelle la face interne, ici 17',
de l'enveloppe 16' des garnitures d'étanchéité 15 est
collée au flanc de l'aube 1, et la face externe 18' et
le talcn 19' sont dirigés vers le flanc 6 de la plate-forme
2. On s'aperçoit que le fonctionnement est le
même car les forces centrifuges déplacent la baguette
20 vers la portion étroite du jeu et le comblent donc.Figure 7 illustrates another embodiment
of the invention, in which the internal face, here 17 ′,
of the
Claims (3)
- A rotor assembly comprising blades (1) embedded in the rotor, platforms (2) positioned and retained between pairs of consecutive blades (1), substantially longitudinal clearances (7) being left between the blades (1) and the platforms (2), and sealing means (15) which in operation take up the clearances (7), characterised in that the sealing means (15) are formed by an envelope (16) comprising a surface (17) bearing on flanks (6) of the platforms (2) and a flexible surface (18, 19) directed towards the blade surfaces, the sealing means (15) also comprising a solid elongate member (20) in the envelope (16).
- a rotor assembly comprising blades (1) embedded in the rotor, platforms (2) positioned and retained between pairs of consecutive blades (1), substantially longitudinal clearances (7) being left between the blades (1) and the platforms (2), and sealing means (15) which in operation take up the clearances (7), characterised in that the sealing means (15) are formed by an envelope (16') comprising a surface (17') bearing on flanks of the blades and a flexible surface (18', 19') directed towards the platform surfaces, the sealing means (15) also comprising a solid elongate member (20) in the envelope (16).
- A rotor assembly according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the envelope (16) has a substantially triangular cross-section which narrows radially outwards.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9402025 | 1994-02-23 | ||
| FR9402025A FR2716502B1 (en) | 1994-02-23 | 1994-02-23 | Sealing between vanes and intermediate platforms. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0669451A1 EP0669451A1 (en) | 1995-08-30 |
| EP0669451B1 true EP0669451B1 (en) | 1998-04-08 |
Family
ID=9460331
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95400353A Expired - Lifetime EP0669451B1 (en) | 1994-02-23 | 1995-02-21 | Seal between the blades and the intermediate platforms |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5520514A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0669451B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69501973T2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2716502B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2739135B1 (en) * | 1995-09-21 | 1997-10-31 | Snecma | SHOCK ABSORBER ARRANGEMENT BETWEEN ROTOR BLADES |
| GB9602129D0 (en) * | 1996-02-02 | 1996-04-03 | Rolls Royce Plc | Rotors for gas turbine engines |
| DE19654471B4 (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 2006-05-24 | Alstom | Rotor of a turbomachine |
| EP1124038A1 (en) * | 2000-02-09 | 2001-08-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Turbine blading |
| US6916154B2 (en) * | 2003-04-29 | 2005-07-12 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Diametrically energized piston ring |
| CN100430606C (en) * | 2004-01-05 | 2008-11-05 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | High-speed cantilever centrifugal compressor rotor mechanism |
| EP1925781A1 (en) * | 2006-11-23 | 2008-05-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Blade arrangement |
| US7762781B1 (en) | 2007-03-06 | 2010-07-27 | Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. | Composite blade and platform assembly |
| GB0806171D0 (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2008-05-14 | Rolls Royce Plc | Aeroengine fan assembly |
| EP2447476A3 (en) | 2010-11-01 | 2017-11-15 | Rolls-Royce plc | Annulus filler for a rotor disk of a gas turbine |
| FR3003294B1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2018-03-30 | Safran Aircraft Engines | MULTI-FLOW TURBOMOTEUR BLOWER, AND TURBOMOTEUR EQUIPPED WITH SUCH BLOWER |
| US9926798B2 (en) | 2014-08-13 | 2018-03-27 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Method for manufacturing composite fan annulus filler having nano-coating |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1331209A (en) * | 1969-10-28 | 1973-09-26 | Secr Defence | Bladed rotors for fluid flow machines |
| US4111603A (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1978-09-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Ceramic rotor blade assembly for a gas turbine engine |
| FR2517779B1 (en) * | 1981-12-03 | 1986-06-13 | Snecma | DEVICE FOR DAMPING THE BLADES OF A TURBOMACHINE BLOWER |
| US4872812A (en) * | 1987-08-05 | 1989-10-10 | General Electric Company | Turbine blade plateform sealing and vibration damping apparatus |
| US4784573A (en) * | 1987-08-17 | 1988-11-15 | United Technologies Corporation | Turbine blade attachment |
| FR2669686B1 (en) * | 1990-11-28 | 1994-09-02 | Snecma | BLOWER ROTOR WITH BLADES WITHOUT PLATFORMS AND SHOES RECONSTRUCTING THE VEIN PROFILE. |
| US5222865A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1993-06-29 | General Electric Company | Platform assembly for attaching rotor blades to a rotor disk |
| US5156528A (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1992-10-20 | General Electric Company | Vibration damping of gas turbine engine buckets |
| US5277548A (en) * | 1991-12-31 | 1994-01-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Non-integral rotor blade platform |
| GB9209895D0 (en) * | 1992-05-07 | 1992-06-24 | Rolls Royce Plc | Rotors for gas turbine engines |
| FR2706528B1 (en) * | 1993-06-10 | 1995-09-01 | Snecma | Separate inter-blade platform of turbine engine rotor blade disc. |
| US5415526A (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1995-05-16 | Mercadante; Anthony J. | Coolable rotor assembly |
-
1994
- 1994-02-23 FR FR9402025A patent/FR2716502B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-02-21 US US08/391,028 patent/US5520514A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-02-21 DE DE69501973T patent/DE69501973T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-02-21 EP EP95400353A patent/EP0669451B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69501973T2 (en) | 1998-08-20 |
| DE69501973D1 (en) | 1998-05-14 |
| US5520514A (en) | 1996-05-28 |
| EP0669451A1 (en) | 1995-08-30 |
| FR2716502B1 (en) | 1996-04-05 |
| FR2716502A1 (en) | 1995-08-25 |
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